Relative Clause Translation
Relative Clause Translation
Relative Clause Translation
Marie Curie is the woman who/that discovered radium. (Marie Curie radyumu
keşfeden kadındır.)
This is the house which/that was built by Jack.(Bu Jack tarafından yapılan evdir)
The relative pronoun is the subject/object of the relative clause, so we do not
repeat the subject/object:
Marie Curie is the woman who she discovered radium. (who is the subject
of discovered, so we don't need she)
This is the house that Jack built it.(that is the object of built, so we don't need it)
78
MAMGER DİL STRUCTURE-BASED TRANSLATION
Exe 77. Please read the sentences aloud and try to translate them into Turkish.
1. I bought a new car that is very fast.788
2. I like the woman who lives next door.789
3. I'm looking for a secretary who can use a computer well.790
4. She has a son who is a doctor.791
5. We bought a house which is 200 years old.792
6. I sent a letter that arrived three weeks later.793
7. Chlorophyll is the substance which makes plants green.794
8. This poem is the one that always moves me to tears. 795
9. The person who taught me the most valuable life lessons is my grandmother.796
79
MAMGER DİL STRUCTURE-BASED TRANSLATION
Exe 78. Translate these into English with “who/which/that + verb” use.
1. İzinsiz işe bir gün gelmeyen herkes kovulacaktır. (take a free day)797
2. Bu gürültüyü duymayan biri tamamen sağır olmalıdır. (stone deaf)798
3. Seninkinden çok daha karmaşık (olan) bir sorunum var.799
4. Toplumu ileriye taşıyabilecek o verimli fikirlerden birine sahibim. (fruitful ideas)800
5. Dün kırılan sandalyeyi tamir etmesi için birini aradım. (fix)801
6. İşi yarı zamanda yapmanızı sağlayacak birkaç değişiklik önereceğim. (in half the
time)802
7. İlgilenen tüm öğrenciler bu listeye isimlerini yazarlar mı? (Will all the
students…)803
8. Beni ameliyat edecek doktoru bulmalıyız. (operate on)804
9. Büyükannem asla şikayet etmeyen türde bir insandı. (the kind of person)805
10. Kaynağı burada olan nehir en sonunda Karadeniz'e akar. (has its source)806
11. Yetişkinler için eğlenceli olabilecek bir film çocuklar için korkunç olabilir.807
12. Dünya, güneş tarafından nakledilen ısı ışınlarıyla ısıtılır.808
797 Anyone who takes a free day without permission will be fired.
798 Anyone who did not hear that noise must have been stone deaf.
799 I have a problem that is much more complicated than yours.
800 I have one of those fruitful ideas that can carry society forward.
801 I called someone to fix the chair which was broken yesterday.
802 I will suggest a few changes which can enable you to do the job in half the time.
803 Will all the students who are interested write their names on this list, please?
806 The river which has its source here flows eventually into the Black Sea.
807 A film which is perhaps amusing for adults can be terrifying for children.
808 The earth is warmed by heat rays that are transmitted by the sun
80
MAMGER DİL STRUCTURE-BASED TRANSLATION
When the relative pronoun is the object of the relative clause, it who + subject
whom + subject
must be followed by a subject. In this case, the relative pronoun can which + subject
be omitted altogether. that + subject
This is the house (which/that) Jack built. (Bu Jeck’in yaptığı ev.) -nın… yaptığı
The candidate (who/whom) I voted for won the election.
(Benim oy verdiğim aday seçimi kazandı.)
Exe 79. Please read the sentences aloud and try to translate them into Turkish.
1. She loves the chocolate that I bought.809
2. We went to the village which Lucy recommended.810
3. John met a woman who I had been to school with.811
4. The police arrested a man that Jill worked with.812
5. I like the bike my father gave me.813
6. I bought a gift for the child who my sister brought to the school.814
7. I shouted at the man whom I was angry with.815
8. I hope to hear from the person whom I spent hours talking with last night.816
81
MAMGER DİL STRUCTURE-BASED TRANSLATION
821 The girl that won the race also broke the record.
822 It was Cath who Mary gave the keys to. It wasn’t me.
823 Here are some very good art books which you can get ideas from.
824 The parents (whom/who/that) we interviewed were all involved in education in some way.
825 You should leave examination questions that you find difficult to answer until last.
826 The candidates we interviewed had been very well prepared for the examination.
827 The response of those managers whom I have consulted has been very positive.
82
MAMGER DİL STRUCTURE-BASED TRANSLATION
The information in a defining relative clause is essential, so we can't leave out the
relative clause. The information in a non-defining relative clause is extra information
which isn't essential, so we can leave out the relative clause.
Gorillas, which are large and originate in Africa, can sometimes be found in
zoos.
In this sentence we are talking about all gorillas, not just some of them. The
information in the non-defining relative clause tells us something more about gorillas in
general. It does not define a small group of gorillas or an individual gorilla.
Non-defining relative clauses are always separated from the rest of the sentence by
commas, unlike defining relative clauses, which have no punctuation.
I live in London, which has some fantastic parks.
Everybody knows where London is, so which has some fantastic parks is extra
information.
There are two different common ways of translating non-defining relative clauses into
Turkish. Please study the examples:
Gorillas, which are large and originate in Africa, can sometimes be found in
zoos.
Afrika’da yaygın olan ve orada ortaya çıkan goriller bazen hayvanat
bahçelerinde görülebilirler.
Goriller, ki kendileri Afrika’da yaygındır ve orada ortaya çıkmıştır, hayvanat
bahçelerinde görülebilirler.
I live in London, which has some fantastic parks.
Muhteşem parkları olan Londra’da yaşıyorum.
Londra’da yaşıyorum, ki burası muhteşem parklara sahiptir.
83
MAMGER DİL STRUCTURE-BASED TRANSLATION
Exe 81. Please read the sentences aloud and try to translate them into Turkish in two
ways shown above.
1. John's mother, who lives in Scotland, has 6 grandchildren.828
2. My friend John, who went to the same school as me, has just written a best-
selling novel.829
3. My grandmother, who is dead now, came from the North of England.830
4. We stopped at the museum, which we had never visited before.831
5. Stratford-on-Avon, which many people have written about, is Shakespeare's
birthplace.832
6. Do-it-yourself, which began as a hobby, is now turning into a necessity.833
7. She spent all evening talking about her latest film, which none of us had ever
heard of.834
In non-defining relative clause, we cannot use “that” pronoun. But we can use the rest
of the relative pronouns, including whose, where and when.
8. I've just come back from London, where John lives.835
9. Yesterday I met a woman named Susan, whose husband works in London.836
Arkadaşım John, ki kendisi benimle aynı okula gitti, yakın zamanda çok satan bir roman yazdı.
830 Şimdi ölü olan büyükannem İngiltere'nin kuzeyinden gelmiş.
Stratford-on-Avon, ki pek çok kişi burası hakkında (bir şeyler) yazmıştır, Shakespeare'in doğum
yeridir.
833 Hobi olarak başlayan kendin yap, artık bir zorunluluk haline geliyor.
Kendin yap, ki hobi olarak başlamıştı, artık bir zorunluluk haline geliyor.
834 Bütün akşamı hiçbirimizin daha önce duymadığı son filmi hakkında konuşarak geçirdi.
Bütün akşamı son filmi hakkında konuşarak geçirdi, ki hiçbirimiz daha önce onu duymamıştık.
84
MAMGER DİL STRUCTURE-BASED TRANSLATION
837 This is George, whom you met at our house last year.
838 Marie Curie, who discovered radium, was awarded the Nobel Prize.
839 My grandfather, who's 87, goes swimming every day.
840 The house, which was built in 1883, has just been opened to the public.
845 The award was given to Sara, whose short story impressed the judges.
846 The function of the General Assembly, which has over 130 members, is to discuss world problems.
85
MAMGER DİL STRUCTURE-BASED TRANSLATION
all of, any of, some of, a few of, both of, each of, either of, half Person Thing
of, many of, most of, much of, none of, one of, two of, etc. whom which
Exe 83. Please read the sentences aloud and try to translate them into Turkish in two
ways shown above.
1. There were a lot of people at the party, many of whom I had known for years.847
2. There are 14 girls in my class, a few of whom are my friends.848
3. He was carrying his belongings, many of which were broken.849
4. He had thousands of books, most of which he had read.850
5. He picked up a handful of stones, one of which was sharp.851
86
MAMGER DİL STRUCTURE-BASED TRANSLATION
852 They have invited lots of guests, some of whom are specialists.
853 The children, all of whom had played the whole day long, were quite exhausted.
854 It's imperative that we go over the main points, a few of which are still not clear.
855 The products, several of which have been recently launched, seem to be well accepted.
856 Walt Disney was devoted to his children, all of whom adored their father.
857 Be careful when you handle the boxes, all of which contain very fragile objects.
858 Teenagers, most of whom like rock'n roll, are not frequently found in classical concerts.
859 The event was organized by two people, neither of whom is a professional.
860 I can see two wireless names, both of which start with "QG" and I cannot determine which one
should be used.
87
MAMGER DİL STRUCTURE-BASED TRANSLATION
Relative adverbs are “when, where and why”, and they introduce relative clauses.
WHEN: refer to a time
First, let's consider the relative adverb "when." What it really means is "in which."
However, "in which" takes to take on a slightly more formal tone, which is where
relative adverbs come in. "When" allows us to understand the time in which an action
took place, in a less formal manner.
When is always followed by a subject, not a verb. And of course, it must “define” a
time.
Exe 85. Please read the sentences aloud and try to translate them into Turkish.
1. Summer is the season when I'm happiest.861
2. My family is taking a trip during the month when I graduate from high school.862
3. The years when the "flower children" thrived were the 1960s.863
4. The day when the concert takes place is Sunday.864
5. The hour when the parade begins is 12:30 p.m.865
Exe 86. Please translate these into English using when.
1. 1700'ler, erkeklerin hüküm sürdüğü ve kadınların itaat ettiği bir dönemdi.866
2. Kış, en çok eğlendiğim mevsimdir.867
3. Bütün gece ayakta kalabileceğim günler geride kaldı. (stay up)868
4. 50'liler, aile biriminin büyük ölçüde sağlam olduğu bir dönemdi/zamandı.869
5. Bu bizim evlendiğimiz yıl.870
866 The 1700s were a time when men ruled and women obeyed.
868 Gone are the days when I could stay up all night.
869 The 50s were a time when the family unit was largely intact.
88
MAMGER DİL STRUCTURE-BASED TRANSLATION
Exe 87. Please read the sentences aloud and try to translate them into Turkish.
1. That's the stadium where Real Madrid play.871
2. The university where my sister goes to school is in Chicago.872
3. The city where "flower children" lived was San Francisco.873
4. The site where the concert will take place is Golden Gate Park.874
5. The street where the parade begins is Broadway.875
880 This is the coffee shop where we'll find the best coffee ever.
89
MAMGER DİL STRUCTURE-BASED TRANSLATION
WHY
The relative adverb "why" really means "for which," which is a far more formal than
"why." It provides more reason for something taking place.
The owner was polite and understood the reason why we left early.
Why mostly follows “the reason,” but not every time. And it is always followed by a
subject, not a verb. After the “reason” we can put a “that” instead of “why”, or we can
omit it altogether.
The owner was polite and understood the reason (that) we left early.
But we cannot put “that” after the plural “reasons”
The owner was polite and understood the reasons why we left early.
There has a long-running debate over whether the construction “reason why” is
acceptable. Some people say “why” is redundant, therefore, be careful with the
people who don’t like to use “the reason why.”
Exe 89. Please read the sentences aloud and try to translate them into Turkish.
1. Tell me the reason why you came home late.882
2. Do you want to know the reason why he is angry with Sally?883
3. Her mass of library of books is the reason why she's so well-spoken.884
4. Can you provide more information why this conclusion is valid?885
5. I have no idea why he called.886
90
MAMGER DİL STRUCTURE-BASED TRANSLATION
Exe 90. Please translate these into English using “the reason why”.
1. Erken uçuşumuz, sabah hemen ayrılmamızın nedeni. (flight, right away)887
1. Sizi aramamamın nedeni, telefon numaranızı kaybetmiş olmam.888
2. Neden benimle gelmek istemediğini biliyorum.889
3. Annem o gece geç kalmamın nedenini sordu.890
4. Bu kullanımdan kaçınmanız için hiçbir neden yok.891
887 Our early flight is the reason why we need to leave right away in the morning.
888 The reason why I didn't call you is that I've lost your phone number.
889 I know the reason why you don’t want to come with me.
890 My mother asked me the reason why I was late that night.
91
MAMGER DİL STRUCTURE-BASED TRANSLATION
WHOSE+NOUN can also be used to give additional information about a person or thing,
that is, it can be a non-defining relative clause.
Jurors, whose identities will be kept secret, will be paid $40 a day. (Kimlikleri
gizli tutulacak jüri üyelerine günde 40 dolar ödenecek.)
Exe 91. Please read the sentences aloud and try to translate them into Turkish.
1. He's a man whose opinion I respect.892
2. Our house is the one whose door is painted red.893
3. That’s the man whose house has burned down.894
4. Solar energy is an idea whose time has come.895
5. Mark o'Brian, none of whose ideas seem feasible, will probably be turned down by
the board.896
6. My uncle is a musician whose albums have sold millions. 897
7. After the port there is a row of fisherman's houses, whose lights can be seen from
across the bay.898
896 Fikirlerinin hiçbiri uygulanabilir gözükmeyen Mark o'Brian, muhtemelen yönetim kurulu tarafından
reddedilecek.
897 Amcam, albümleri milyonlar satan bir müzisyen.
898 Limandan sonra körfezin karşısından ışıkları görülebilen bir sıra balıkçı evi var.
92
MAMGER DİL STRUCTURE-BASED TRANSLATION
901 Yan komşum ki, çocukları bizimkilerle aynı okula gidiyor, yeni bir araba aldı.
My next-door neighbour, whose children go to school with ours, has just bought a new car.
902 Kate, whose sister I used to share a house with, has gone to work in Australia.
903 The award was given to Sara, whose short story impressed the judges.
904 He’s marrying a girl whose family don’t seem to like him.
905 There was me and there was Kate, whose party it was, and then there were two other people.
906 It is a rambling Tudor house, whose sitting room looks out over a wonderful walled garden.
93
MAMGER DİL STRUCTURE-BASED TRANSLATION
She said it would be done by March, which I doubt. (Marta kadar yapılacağını
söyledi, ki bundan kuşkuluyum.)
When it is followed by a verb, that verb must be singular one:
She said it would be done by March, which is so exciting. (Marta kadar
yapılacağını söyledi, ki bu çok heyecan verici.)
WHICH can be replaced with THIS or THAT when used in this meaning:
She said it would be done by March. I doubt this.
Exe 93. Please read the sentences aloud and try to translate them into Turkish.
1. We had fish and chips, which I always enjoy. 907
2. I’m planning to grow roses, which I find quite beautiful. 908
3. This model emphasizes less government intervention in the economy, which
implies private investment will be the main driver of the economy going forward.
909
4. During the night, the water demand drops considerably, which means that
excessive pressure in the network can cause fractures in the pipes. 910
5. Since we started in September, we have raised fifty thousand pounds, which is
pretty good going. 911
94
MAMGER DİL STRUCTURE-BASED TRANSLATION
Exe 94. Please translate these into English using with “a comma+which”.
1. Doktor olmak için çalışıyor ki bu zor. 912
2. Chris sınavlarında gerçekten başarılı oldu, ki bu oldukça şaşırtıcı. 913
3. Oğlanlardan biri gülmeye devam etti ve bu da Jane'i çok kızdırdı. 914
4. Üç küçük çocukla ülke çapında araba kullanıyorum ve bu da stresli olacak. 915
5. Arkadaşlarımın hepsi dairemde saklanıyorlardı, (ki) bu beklediğim gibi değildi. 916
6. Bize sonucun ne olduğunu söylemedi, bu da bana çok bir şey başarılmadığını
gösteriyor. 917
7. Bu, dört yıllık bir dönemde meydana geldi ve bu da, iklim değişikliğinden
kaynaklanan bazı etkiler olduğunu gösteriyor. 918
8. Enfeksiyonun mevcut prevalansı yüzde 0,05 olup, bu da bölgenin salgının erken
safhasında olduğunu göstermektedir. 919
95
MAMGER DİL STRUCTURE-BASED TRANSLATION
Exe 95. Please read the sentences aloud and try to translate them into Turkish.
1. She may have missed the train, in which case she won’t arrive for another hour.
920
2. Some students may be creating a videotaped drama, in which case numbers and
technicians must be calculated and provided. 921
3. By combining drying with the use of a disinfectant impregnated cloth in which
case the final rinse is also omitted. 922
Exe 96. Please translate these into English using with “in which case”.
4. Bir usulsüzlük veya yanlış uygulama olabilir, ki bu durumda süreç sona erer. 923
5. Onu kesmemiz gerekebilir, ki bu durumda üzerlerinde asılı olan bu pahalı
malzemeler ne olacak? 924
6. Belki de saldırı hakkında bazı şüpheleriniz var, bu durumda Bayan Woods'un
tanık olduğunu bilmek ilginizi çekebilir. 925
96