OUR LADY OF THE PILLAR ACADEMY- BAGO (OLPA-B.I.), INC.

Mabini Street., Brgy. Ma-ao, Bago City

Subject Area: Reading and Writing Skills (Grade 11)

Quarter 4, Week 1
Lesson 2 : Patterns of Written Text
Learning Competencies:
Apply the techniques in selecting and organizing information
Learning Objectives: At the end of the lesson, the learners shall be able to:
a. Identify common patterns of development used in written works; and
b. Determine the correct use of transitional devices.

Value Focus: being organized

References: DepEd Module on RAW

I.EXPLORE
A. Read the questions carefully. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write your answer on a
separate sheet of paper.

1. Which pattern of development involves specific observations?

a. Problem-solution b. Narration c. Description d. Exemplification

2. What is the main purpose of exemplification?

a. offer solutions c. express ideas nicely
b. provide clarification d. discuss an issue

3. Why is process analysis essential in developing ideas?

a. It helps determine textual evidence.
b. It formulates a conclusion.
c. It discusses a series of steps needed to achieve an end.
d. It is used in the decision-making process.

4. “The road is flooded; ____________it is not safe to be driving outside.” Choose one pattern
that best matches this sentence.
a. Hence b. suddenly c. need d. solve

5. What pattern of development explains why something happens?

a. Process analysis c. Persuasion
b. Exemplification d. Cause and effect

II. FIRM UP

Patterns of Written Texts

When writing, we use different strategies to develop ideas.

Narration
This paragraph follows a chronological order of writing. It uses transition words such as first,
then, soon, after, suddenly, etc., to maintain coherence and show movement. In telling a story, it
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employs action words like verbs and adverbs, and phrases that signal time to make the text more
engaging to the readers. Transitional devices include first, then, soon, after, and suddenly

Example:
He came and delivered the speech. Then he left the arena right after the last line. His
constituents followed him eventually.

Description
In this pattern, transitional words are used to indicate location. Details referring to physical
aspects like how the subject looks, sounds, feels, smells, or even tastes like are the ingredients of
this method development. Observations need to be specific to encourage imaginative thinking.
Transitional devices include sensory language.

Example:
As the sun sets towards the western horizon, the sky portrays a perfect masterpiece. It is
brimming with the colors of the spectrum in shades of red and blue.

Definition
A paragraph using this pattern can develop texts in varied ways. A term is defined, its class,
and its specific details. You can define by characteristics, function, what it is not, and what it is
similar to, such as origins or effect. It can be scientific or subjective. Transitional devices include
scientific/subjective.

Example:
You say that someone is magniloquent when he uses extravagant words in writing.

Exemplification
This sort of text utilizes detailed illustrations for clarification. It can be in the form of a story,
an anecdote, a quotation, or a statistic. Transitional devices include words for illustration.

Example:
It is very important to stay healthy. Eating the right food for your heart can help prevent
cardiovascular diseases. Common examples of food that can keep your heart are black beans,
salmon, tuna, fresh herbs, and the like.

Comparison and Contrast

A paragraph that shows comparison and contrast answers how the subjects are the same or
not. Comparison examines how subjects are similar, while contrast emphasizes how subjects are
different. For comparison, it uses signal words like similarly, in the same way, likewise, in like
manner, in a similar fashion, etc. Contrast uses signal words such as yet, nevertheless,
nonetheless, after all, but though, otherwise, on the other hand, notwithstanding, etc.

Example:
They say identical twins are similar in almost everything. However, this is not true. No one is
truly the same. We are designed to be unique in our way.

Cause and Effect

This technique explores why things happen and what happens as a result. Words that show
effect are, for this reason, it follows, as a result, as a consequence, thus, therefore, etc.
Transitional devices include because, since, is due to, is caused by, for this reason, it follows, as a
result, and so.

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Example:
When water droplets join together, it becomes heavy. This is caused by the rise and cool of
water vapor, which forms clouds in the sky. As a result, there will be rain.

Process Analysis
It describes how things work, involving a series of steps in chronological ordering.
Transitional expressions such as first, second, then, and finally are used. Transitional devices
include first, second, then, and finally.

Example:
How can you develop yourself? First, you must learn good habits. Start by waking early in
the morning to set the mood of the day. Second, spend time in prayer and meditation. Third,
establish discipline. Make a checklist of your goals. You can even make a weekly plan. Lastly,
monitor your growth. If you fail at some point, try to recover by focusing on improving your
weaknesses and building your strengths.

Division and Classification

A single subject is targeted and broken down into components. Items are being grouped into
categories based on the features they share. In division, a category is divided into subcategories,
while in classification, the writer develops criteria in the subcategories based on their relationship.
The writer who uses this pattern must have a strong sense of purpose.

Example:
There are various types of learners. They can usually be classified as either "The Average
Joe," "The Slacker," or "The Eager Beaver." Average Joe usually studies well for exams and
shows up in class. On the other hand, the Slacker misses a class and can be easily identified as
always using headphones wherever he goes. On a different scale, the Eager Beaver comes to
class, nods his head, always in-class discussion, and stays after class.

Problem-solution
A problem is being presented and a solution. Why it has become a problem is also
discussed, leading to a conclusion highlighting the connection between the problem and solution.
Transitional devices include the answer, challenge, need, difficulty, dilemma, enigma, improve,
indicate, issue, plan a need, problem, propose, remedied, resolve, respond to, solve, and suggest.

Example:
Poverty is a word to beat. The whole world thrives on getting rid of this seemingly irresistible
dilemma. All around the globe, the government, together with the private sectors and other
agencies, unite to improve society's condition, most especially the far-flung areas. Leaders from
different countries gather in this weeklong forum to discuss resolutions and plans for action.

Persuasion
This method involves facts that make the paragraph more convincing. In giving illustrations,
signal words are used, such as first, next, last, etc. In answering oppositions, words such as, of
course, some may say, nevertheless, and on the other hand. When you draw generalizations,
words like therefore, hence, consequently, and thus are used.

Example:
Let us all get rid of apathy! First off, it is a poison to the soul. Also, it is not beneficial to
relationships. Let us learn to sympathize with others and love genuinely. Life is something to
celebrate. Spend every day thinking about how you can help those who are in need. Of course,
you are a blessing!

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 PATTERNS OF DEVELOPMENT TRANSITIONAL DEVICES/EXPRESSIONS

Narration First, then, soon, after, suddenly

Description Sensory language
Definition Scientific/ subjective
Exemplification Illustrate
Comparison and Contrast Similarly, likewise, by the same token, and yet,
notwithstanding, on the contrary
Cause and Effect Because, since, is due to, is caused by, for this
reason, it follows, as a result, so
Process Analysis First, Second, then, finally
Division and Classification Sorting subjects into groups
Problem-solution The answer, challenge, need, difficulty,
dilemma, propose, remedied, resolve, respond
to, solve, suggest
Persuasion Although, hence, for, consequently

III. DEEPEN.
Textual Analysis
A. Short Constructed Response
Read the following selections/paragraphs carefully. Identify the writing pattern that is
exemplified in each item; then justify your answer. Write your answers on the answer sheet
Answers will be assessed using the rubric below.

Rubric:
Outcomes 4-Exemplary 3-Accomplished 2-Developing 1-Beginning

Clarity of Position is clearly Position is clearly Position is not An attempt at a

position stated and is stated but the clearly stated position statement is
Statement consistently position shifts and shifts evident, but it cannot
maintained slightly throughout the be determined.
throughout the throughout the paper.
paper. paper.

Structure of Structure of the Structure of the Structure of the Structure of the

the argument is well argument is argument is argument is weak,
Argument developed with moderately well moderately well and most transitions
clear transitions. developed, and developed, and are weak and unclear.
most transitions many transitions
are clear are weak and
unclear.

1.
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 In Ghana, bikes are in high demand. Few people have enough money to afford a car. So,
bikes are use to transport most of the country’s food and material goods.

The people in Ghana are also too poor to finance the construction of factories that build
traditional steel bikes. But mass-producing btcycles from locally grown bamboo is a viable
alternative, says Odlin. He plans to show teams of Ghanian workers how to quickly assemble
bamboo bikes. He estimates each worker will be able to produce about four bikes a day.

Bamboo bikes are a natural fit in Ghana because bamboo grows abundantly throughout the
country. It also grows in the United States. Bamboo is a grass, not a tree and it is one of the
fastest-growing plants in the world. It can grow up to 40 inches in a single day.

Bamboo has qualities that make it as good as steel for building a durable, comfortable vehicle.
Bamboo contains a lare amount of silicon dioxide (SiO2), or silica, a hard compound that is the
most abundant building block of rocks on Earth. A bamboo bike, says Odlin, is "the perfect
everyday bike."
-Excerpt from Weekly Reader

Writing Pattern: _________________________________________________________________

Explanation with evidences:
______________________________________________________________________________
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2.
NATURAL BORN KILLERS?

A killer-bee sting is no more deadly than a regular bee sting. All honeybees have venom (poison)
in their stingers. "Five hundred bee stings hold as much poison as a rattlesnake bite," says
Margaret. People who are allergic to bee venom can die from just one sting. But most people can
tolerate hundreds.
In many ways, killer bees also behave like regular honeybees. "All bees attack when they think
their hive is in danger," says Margaret. To a bee, any sound or sudden motion can signal danger
— like a bear or hyena out to steal honey.
But some differences in behavior make killer bees more deadly. Compared to ordinary honeybees,
killer bees have:

 quick triggers — It takes very little to get killer bees riled up. "They can sense
you walking from about two car-lengths away," says Margaret.
 big colonies — Hives can hold more than 50,000 bees. So lots of bees answer
an alarm signal!
 staying power — "A cloud of bees once followed me for 20 minutes,"
remembers Margaret. "Luckily, there were no holes in my bee suit!"

Writing Pattern: _________________________________________________________________

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Explanation with evidences:
______________________________________________________________________________
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______________________________________________________________________________
____________________

B. Graphic Organizer
Read the selection carefully; then fill out the graphic organizer below with the necessary
information. Write answers on the answer sheet.

Tornado Storms Smack the South

Strong storms tore through the southern United States on Wednesday.

More than 100 tornadoes ripped through six southern states on Wednesday, April 27. Homes and
businesses were destroyed, and at least 248 people lost their lives. Officials say this is one of the
worst storms to hit the south in nearly 40 years.

Alabama was hardest hit by this week's tornadoes. More than 160 people died in the storm there.
Some of the worst damage was in Tuscaloosa, a city of more than 83,000 people in central
Alabama. On Thursday, stunned residents surveyed the damage throughout the town. Roofs were
ripped off homes. Trees lay in the streets. Debris was scattered everywhere. “We have
neighborhoods that have been basically removed from the map,” Tuscaloosa Mayor Walter
Maddox told the Associated Press.
-From Weekly Reader

CAUSE EFFECTS

C. Transitional Words
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 Read the paragraph below. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate transitional words.
Choose your answer from the box below. Write answers on the answer sheet.

when because in addition besides

whenever whereas they nevertheless

because of these for example

Animals use various means to protect themselves. Color is one that is widely used as a protective
device. For instance, some birds display brightly colored feathers 1- ___________ they are
threatened. These are designed to frighten away the enemy. 2-___________ to color, some
animals emit a peculiar smell for the same purpose. 3-___________, form may be used to conceal
the animal. Some insects, 4-___________, conceal themselves by making themselves resemble
plants of flowers. In this way, 5- ___________ are hardly visible because they can merge into their
surroundings. Other animals adopt regular patterns of behavior 6- ___________ they are
frightened. Some pretend to be dead 7- ___________ others just come forward and stand still. 8-
____________, buffaloes were almost eliminated in the 19th century 9-___________ their lack of
resistance to hunters.

IV. TRANSFER
A. Read each item carefully and answer the following questions. Write the letter that
corresponds to the correct answer; then, write answers on the answer sheet.

1. Which of the following patterns uses action words that move the story?
a. Exemplification c. Process Analysis
b. Description d. Narration

2. As mentioned, the definition can be developed in several ways. Which one is NOT a
method of definition?
a. by example c. by its origins
b. by purpose d. by what it is similar to

3. "I have been so good to my sister these days; ___________, she never tried to quarrel
me. Choose the transitional device that best matches this sentence.
a. otherwise c. though
b. in like manner d. however

4. "Although Instagram and Tumblr have significant similarities; they also have striking
differences." Which pattern of development is being used in this sentence?
a. Narration c. Comparison and Contrast
b. Problem-Solution d. Persuasion

5. Anica teaches her friend Carla, how to change her YouTube thumbnail. Which strategy is
used in this situation?
a. Process analysis c. Exemplification
b. Description d. Persuasion

6. "Freedom is a concept that needs to be understood." Choose one pattern that best
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 matches this sentence.
a. Exemplification c. Definition
b. Description d. Process Analysis

7. This pattern provides details on the idea by using a sensory or spatial pattern.
a. Definition c. Classification
b. Description d. Division

8. Choose one pattern from the choices that best match the thesis statement. "Teeth
bleaching can be done in five simple steps."
a. Sensory pattern c. Comparison and contrast
b. Process analysis d. Narration

9. In developing this paragraph, the writer creates a general statement and a topic sentence
with more examples
a. Description c. Exemplification
b. Division d. Classification

10. It refers to words that send a signal to the readers, leading them to identify each
development pattern.
a. Static words c. Linking verbs
b. Adverbs d. Transitional expressions essential concepts and ideas

B. Tell Me Your Story

Try to remember someone that you were very close with. What were the memorable
experiences that you had with him/her? What were the things that you enjoy doing with him/her?
Do you still do these things now? Do you still have the same closeness as before? Do you still
have the drive to restore the closeness that you had back then? Describe this person in detail. Use
any narrative devices to illustrate how your relationship was back then, now, and how you still
want it to be. (Must have a minimum of 100 words) Consider the rubric in writing. Write your story
on the answer sheet.

_______________________________
Title

___________________________________________________________________________
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Lifelong Learning.

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 Recall the concepts you have learned in the lesson; then fill out the 3-2-1 chart below. Write
your answers on the answer sheet.

3-2-1 CHART

Three things I have learned Two things I found One question I still have in
interesting mind

“But all things must be done properly and in an orderly manner”

1 Corinthians 14:40
ANSWER SHEET
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NAME:_______________________________________ SECTION: ________________

SUBJECT AREA: Reading and Writing Skills (Grade 11)

QUARTER : 3
WEEK NUMBER: 2
LESSON 2: Patterns of Written Text

I.EXPLORE
A.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

III. DEEPEN .
A.

1..
Writing Pattern:_________________________________________________________
Explanation with evidences:
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________

2.
Writing Pattern: _________________________________________________________
Explanation with evidences:

_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________

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 B.
CAUSE EFFECTS

C.
Animals use various means to protect themselves. Color is one that is widely used as a protective
device. For instance, some birds display brightly colored feathers 1- ___________ they are
threatened. These are designed to frighten away the enemy. 2-___________ to color, some
animals emit a peculiar smell for the same purpose. 3-___________, form may be used to conceal
the animal. Some insects, 4-___________, conceal themselves by making themselves resemble
plants of flowers. In this way, 5- ___________ are hardly visible because they can merge into their
surroundings. Other animals adopt regular patterns of behavior 6- ___________ they are
frightened. Some pretend to be dead 7- ___________ others just come forward and stand still. 8-
____________, buffaloes were almost eliminated in the 19th century 9-___________ their lack of
resistance to hunters.

IV. TRANSFER

A.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

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B.
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Title

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Lifelong Learning

Recall the concepts you have learned in the lesson; then fill out the 3-2-1 chart below. Write
your answers on the answer sheet.

3-2-1 CHART

Three things I have learned Two things I found One question I still have in
interesting mind

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