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    Exp 10 Postlab

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    jatin
    The document describes experiments to test the open circuit and short circuit performance of a single-phase transformer. It details the procedure, equipment used, observations and calculations made to determine the core loss, copper loss and efficiency of the transformer at different loads.

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    Exp 10 Postlab

    Uploaded by

    jatin
    12 views19 pages
    The document describes experiments to test the open circuit and short circuit performance of a single-phase transformer. It details the procedure, equipment used, observations and calculations made to determine the core loss, copper loss and efficiency of the transformer at different loads.

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    EXP_10_POSTLAB

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    The document describes experiments to test the open circuit and short circuit performance of a single-phase transformer. It details the procedure, equipment used, observations and calculations made to determine the core loss, copper loss and efficiency of the transformer at different loads.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    12 views19 pages

    Exp 10 Postlab

    Uploaded by

    jatin
    The document describes experiments to test the open circuit and short circuit performance of a single-phase transformer. It details the procedure, equipment used, observations and calculations made to determine the core loss, copper loss and efficiency of the transformer at different loads.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 19

    Experiment-10 : Open Circuit and Short Circuit

    Tests on a Single-Phase Transformer.


    Devansh
    Roll Number: 2206308
    April 7, 2024

    I. Aim
    • Open Circuit and Short Circuit Tests on a Single-Phase Transformer
    • To use the equivalent circuit parameters for estimating the efficiency of
    the transformer at various loading conditions.

    II. Range of Apparatus

    Table 1: Range of Apparatus


    Sr No. Apparatus Type (dc/ac) Range
    1 Single Phase Transformer AC 230V, 1kVA, 4.34A
    2 Wattmeter-1(LPF) AC 0-250V, 0.2 pf, 0-1A, 0-30W
    3 Wattmeter-2(UPF) AC 0-250V, 1 pf, 0-5A, 0-750W
    4 Ammeter-1(OC) AC 0-1A
    5 Ammeter-2(SC) AC 0-5A
    6 Voltmeter-1(OC) AC 0-250V
    7 Voltmeter-2(SC) AC 0-125V
    8 Single Phase Variac AC 0-240V
    9 Single Phase AC supply AC 230V

    Table 2: Name Plate Details


    Parameters Transformer
    Rated Line Voltage (V) 230V
    Rated Line Current (A) 4.34A
    Rated Apparent Power 1kVA

    1
    III. Procedure
    Open-circuit/No-Load Test:
    • Connect the circuit as per the circuit diagram for OC test, with 1:1 turns
    ratio.
    • Slowly vary the autotransformer/variac until the rated voltage is applied.
    • Note down the readings of the wattmeter, voltmeter and ammeter.
    • Reduce the output voltage of the variac to zero and switch-off the supply.

    Short-circuit Test:
    • Connect the circuit as per the circuit diagram for SC test, with 1:1 turns
    ratio. It is extremely important to note that a low voltage is to be applied
    to the primary winding.
    • Slowly vary the autotransformer/variac until the rated current flows through
    the windings.
    • Note down the readings of the wattmeter, voltmeter (applied voltage) and
    ammeter.

    • Reduce the output voltage of the variac to zero and switch-off the supply.

    Precautions
    • Always wear shoes while carrying-out the experiment.
    • Do not make zig-zag connections and avoid loose connections. Do not lean
    on the test benches.
    • Avoid placing water bottles and lab reports on the test-benches while
    carrying-out the experiment.

    2
    3
    Figure 1:

    4
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    6
    7
    Figure 2: Calculations

    8
    Figure 3: Calculations

    9
    Figure 4: Calculations

    10
    Figure 5: Calculations

    11
    Figure 6: Calculations

    12
    Figure 7: Calculations

    13
    Figure 8: Calculations

    14
    Figure 9: Calculations

    15
    Figure 10: Calculations

    16
    Figure 11: Calculations

    17
    Figure 12: Graphs

    18
    IV. Detailed Observations
    • In this experiment (OC Test) by applying rated voltage to the primary
    (LV) side and open circuiting the secondary(HV) side, reading of watt-
    meter will give the core-loss and (In SC Test), by applying the rated
    current to the primary side(HV) side and short-circuiting the other side
    reading of the watt-meter will give the copper-loss.

    • Performing this experiment Coreloss=21.6W and Copper-loss=110W


    • We are using LPF wattmeter in OC test as more of magnetising current
    is drawn at low power factor as the current lags more so pf will be less
    and In SC test, UPF Wattmeter is used as net angle between voltage and
    current is less so pf will be high.

    • We have plotted the graph of Efficiency vs Load for different power factors
    and in the graph there is a point of maximum efficiency there

    Pi = x2 · Pcu

    V. Conclusions
    • Hence, we conclude that we can find the lumped parameters of the trans-
    formers equivalent circuit and from that we can evaluate efficiency, Voltage
    Regulation etc parameter of transformer at different conditions.
    • Through this experiment we are able to measure the core-loss and copper
    loss of a single phase transformer.
    • Open Circuit Test is used for measuring the core-losses and Short circuit
    test is used to measure the copper losses.

    19

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