Dr. Awni Alkhazaleh

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Double-Row Racks. Racks less than or equal to 12 ft (3.7 m) in depth or single-
row racks placed back to back having an aggregate depth up to 12 ft (3.7 m), with
aisles having an aisle width of at least 3.5 ft (1.1 m) between loads on racks.
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(1) Double-Row Racks. Pallets rest on two beams parallel to the aisle. Any
number of pallets can be supported by one pair of beams.
(2) Automatic Storage-Type Rack. The pallet is supported by two rails running
perpendicular to the aisle.
(3) Multiple-Row Racks More Than Two Pallets Deep, Measured Aisle to Aisle.
These racks include drive-in racks, drive-through racks, flow-through racks,
portable racks arranged in the same manner, and conventional or automatic racks
with aisles less than 42 in. (1.07 m) wide.
(4) Movable Racks. Movable racks are racks on fixed rails or guides. They can be
moved back and forth only in a horizontal, two-dimensional plane. A moving aisle
is created as abutting racks are either loaded or unloaded, then moved across the
aisle to abut other racks.
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(5) Solid Shelving. Conventional pallet racks with plywood shelves on the shelf
beams. These racks are used in special cases.
(6) Cantilever Rack. The load is supported on arms that extend horizontally from
columns. The load can rest on the arms or on shelves supported by the arms.
Load depth in conventional or automatic racks should be considered a nominal 4
ft (1.22 m). When catwalks are installed between racks, these areas are not to be
considered flue spaces.
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Classification of Occupancies and Commodities
CHAPTER 5
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Light Hazard Occupancies
Light hazard occupancies shall be defined as occupancies or portions of other

occupancies where the quantity and/or combustibility of contents is low and fires
with relatively low rates of heat release are expected.
Light hazard occupancies include occupancies having uses and conditions similar
to the following:
Animal shelters, Churches, Clubs, Eaves and overhangs, if of combustible

construction with no combustibles beneath, Educational, Hospitals, including
animal hospitals and veterinary facilities, Institutional, Kennels, Libraries, except
large stack rooms, Museums, Nursing or convalescent homes, Offices, including
data processing, Residential, Restaurant seating areas, Theaters and auditoriums,
excluding stages and prosceniums, Unused attics
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These occupancies represent the least severe fire hazard, since the fuel loads
associated with these occupancies are low and relatively small rates of heat
release are expected. Generally, no processing, manufacturing, or storage
operations are included, and fixtures and furniture remain in fairly permanent
arrangements. Light hazard occupancies typically consist of institutional,
educational, religious, residential, and office facilities. Sprinkler systems designed
to protect light hazard occupancies, therefore, have less demanding water supply
requirements. Additionally, more design flexibility is possible.
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Dr. Awni Alkhazaleh
When utilizing the occupancy classifications for storage of commodities, it is
necessary to accurately define which types of commodities in which types of
arrangements would be defined as ordinary hazard (Group 1) and ordinary hazard
(Group 2).
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Ordinary Hazard (Group 1)
Ordinary hazard occupancies (Group 1) include occupancies having uses and
conditions similar to the following:
Automobile parking and showrooms, Bakeries, Beverage manufacturing,

Canneries, Dairy products manufacturing and processing, Electronic plants, Glass
and glass products manufacturing, Laundries, Restaurant service areas,
Automobile parking garages,
Parking garages are typically limited to one car and do not pose an excessive
challenge for the sprinkler system to control. Likewise, the main hazard in a
commercial kitchen is the cooking equipment and process, which is most
commonly protected by a chemical extinguishing system, leaving only the
remaining kitchen area to be protected by the sprinkler system.
Ordinary hazard (Group 1) occupancies shall be defined as occupancies or portions

of other occupancies where combustibility is low, quantity of combustibles is
moderate, stockpiles of combustibles do not exceed 8 ft (2.4 m), and fires with
moderate rates of heat release are expected.
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Ordinary Hazard (Group 2).
Ordinary hazard occupancies (Group 2) include occupancies having uses and

Agricultural facilities, Barns and stables, Cereal mills, Chemical plants — ordinary,
Confectionery products, Distilleries, Dry cleaners, Exterior loading docks, Note that
exterior loading docks only used for loading and unloading of ordinary combustibles
should be classified as OH2. For the handling of flammable and combustible liquids,
hazardous materials, or where utilized for storage, exterior loading docks and all
interior loading docks should be protected based upon the actual occupancy and the
materials handled on the dock, as if the materials were actually stored in that
configuration, Feed mills, Horse stables, Leather goods manufacturing, Libraries,
large stack room areas, Machine shops
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Metal working, Mercantile, Paper and pulp mills, Paper process plants, Piers and
wharves Plastics fabrication, including blow molding, extruding, and machining;
excluding operations using combustible hydraulic fluids, Post offices, Printing and
publishing Racetrack stable/kennel areas, including those stable/kennel areas,
barns, and associated buildings at state, county, and local fairgrounds, Repair
garages, Resin application area Stages, Textile manufacturing, Tire manufacturing,
Tobacco products manufacturing Wood machining, Wood product assembly
Ordinary hazard (Group 2) occupancies shall be defined as occupancies or portions

of other occupancies where the quantity and combustibility of contents are
moderate to high, where stockpiles of contents with moderate rates of heat
release do not exceed 12 ft (3.66 m) and stockpiles of contents with high rates of
heat release do not exceed 8 ft (2.4 m).
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Ordinary hazard (Group 2) occupancies include those types of manufacturing and
processing operations in which the amount and combustibility of contents is
greater than that for Group 1
Extra Hazard (Group 1)
Extra hazard (Group 1) occupancies shall be defined as occupancies or portions

of other occupancies where the quantity and combustibility of contents are
very high and dust, lint, or other materials are present, introducing the
probability of rapidly developing fires with high rates of heat release but with
little or no combustible or flammable liquids.
Extra hazard occupancies (Group 1) include occupancies having uses and

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Aircraft hangars (except as governed by NFPA 409, Standard on Aircraft Hangars)
,Combustible hydraulic fluid use areas, Die casting, Metal extruding, Plywood and
particleboard manufacturing, Printing [using inks having flash points below 100°F
(38°C)]
Rubber reclaiming, compounding, drying, milling, vulcanizing, Saw mills Textile
picking, opening, blending, garnetting, or carding, combining of cotton, synthetics,
wool shoddy, or burlap Upholstering with plastic foams
Extra hazard (Group 1) occupancies include those with hydraulic machinery or

systems with flammable or combustible hydraulic fluids under pressure. Ruptures
and leaks in piping or fittings have resulted in fine spray discharge of such liquids,
causing intense fires. Those occupancies with process machinery that use
flammable or combustible fluids in closed systems are extra hazard (Group 1)
occupancies. Also in this group are occupancies that have dust and lint in
suspension or that contain moderate amounts of combustible cellular foam
materials. Buildings used for textile manufacturing are examples of an extra hazard
(Group 1) occupancy.
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Extra Hazard (Group 2). Extra hazard (Group 2) occupancies shall be defined as
occupancies or portions of other occupancies with moderate to substantial
amounts of flammable or combustible liquids or occupancies where shielding of
combustibles is extensive.
Asphalt saturating, Flammable liquids spraying, Flow coating, Manufactured home

or modular building assemblies (where finished enclosure is present and has
combustible interiors), Open oil quenching, Plastics manufacturing, Solvent
cleaning, Varnish and paint dipping, Extra hazard (Group 2) occupancies contain
more than small amounts of flammable or combustible, liquids, usually in open
systems where rapid evaporation can occur when these liquids are subjected to
high temperatures.
The extra hazard (Group 2) occupancy classification also applies where ceiling
sprinklers are severely obstructed by occupancy, not structural conditions, and
where water discharged by sprinklers may not reach the burning material because
of the shielding.
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Asphalt saturating
Flammable liquids spraying
Flow coating
Manufactured home or modular building assemblies (where finished enclosure is
present
and has combustible interiors)
Open oil quenching
Plastics manufacturing
Solvent cleaning
Varnish and paint dipping
Extra hazard (Group 2) occupancies contain more than small amounts of
flammable or combustible liquids, usually in open systems where rapid
evaporation can occur when these liquids are subjected to high temperatures.
The extra hazard (Group 2) occupancy classification also applies where ceiling
sprinklers are severely obstructed by occupancy, not structural conditions, and
where water discharged by sprinklers may not reach the burning material
because of the shielding.
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