GOOD CAUSE

EMERGENCY
FIRST AID FOR PETS

Cover:
EMERGENCY first aid for pets:
An easy guide to simple and homemade solutions for helping pet owners.

A G U I D E TO SIM PL E, H O M E M A D E
SOLUTIONS FOR HELPING OWNERS
IN PET EMERGENCIES
 Notice

No copyright infringements are intended. This guide is intended as an aid for

Animal Shelters and pet owners, with informative articles to benefit the animals.
The articles have been sourced from various websites. Websites and authors are
cited under each article. This booklet is not for sale and no intention exists to
profit from the content, creativity or intellectual property of others.

In some countries, the medications and substances referred to in this guide may:

1. Have different names, and/or

2. Be presented in different strengths and compositions, and/or
3. May be controlled substances, and/or
4. May not be readily available or available at all, and/or
5. May be suitable for some types of animals but not for others.

It is your responsibility to consult a veterinarian if in any doubt or uncertainty as

to the application, suitability or effectiveness of any recommendation,

procedure, treatment or medication mentioned in this guide.

As the recommendations, procedures, treatments and/or medications in this

guide would be used in circumstances or environments beyond our control,
Good Cause will accept no responsibility for any loss,
howsoever caused, that may arise from following the recommendations,

procedures, treatments and/or medications in this guide. Use of this guide

remains entirely at the user’s own risk.

Please heed the warnings or cautionary advice when using this guide.

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01 Helpful medicines and household items.
- 26 common human medicines for pets
- 22 helpful household items

05 Emergency first aid for dogs and cats.

- Caring for dogs
- Caring for cats
- What goes in a pet emergency kit?

08 Home remedies for pets.

- Mange - Loose stool & burrs in fur
- Fleas - Itchy ears & sore/runny eyes
- Itchiness - Arthritis
- Cuts, scraps and abrasions - Skunk sprays
- Bites and scratches - Urinary tract infections
- Tissue trauma & choking

28 Over-the-counter medications that are safe for pets.

- Medications and dosages

37 Identifying & dealing with emergencies.

- Back injuries, choking, hyperthermia & burns
- Shocks, poisoning, blunt force trauma & broken leg
- Heatstroke, CPR & Seizures
- Post-Sterilization Care for Your Pet: Ensuring Comfort and Health

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HELPFUL MEDICINES

HOUSEHOLD ITEMS

4
22 pet-safe human medications…
&
26 helpful household products…
…that could save your pet’s life.

Pets will occasionally find something delicious but poisonous, or discover why a
bee shouldn't be eaten… usually when your vet is on the golf course!

Solutions come in all shapes and sizes for minor problems and can be treated
with human medication. Sometimes, a home remedy is all that is needed.

IMPORTANT:Dosages will be LOWER because our pets are smaller than we

are. Your vet can tell you the exact doses needed for your specific pet, but
we have listed some common human medicines that can benefit your pet
when you're in need.

Saving a life starts with preparation, so prepare a handy medical aid kit with
the following:

- Sterile gauze pads in different sizes

- Elastic ace bandages
- Needle-less syringes
- Eye dropper for medication

Pet stores will often stock a commercial first-aid kit with the
necessities, so visit your nearest store and ask what must-haves
you should have.

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2 6 C o m m o n H u m a n Medicines for Pets
1. A & D Ointment: antibacterial for scrapes and wounds.
2. Artificial Tears : eye lubricant.
3. Aveeno Oatmeal Bath: soothing rinse for itchy skin.
4. Benadryl: antihistamine for bug bites also makes pets sleepy.
5. Betadine: antiseptic for cleansing/soaking wounds or injuries.
6. Burow’s solution: typical antiseptic.
7. Caladryl: soothing typical for pain or itching
8. Cortaid: anti-itch cream.
9. Desitin: for skin inflammation.
10. Dramamine: helpful for car sickness, nausea
11. Dulcolax: for constipation.
12. Epsom salts: for soothing soak for sore paws.
13. Kaopectate: to control diarrhea.
14. Lanacane: typical anesthetic.
15. Massengill Disposable Douche: body odour/skunk spray.
16. Metamucil (unflavoured): for constipation.
17. Mylanta Liquid: for digestive problems and/or gas.
18. Neosporin: to help prevent wound infection.
19. Pedialyte: counteracts dehydration.
20. Pepcid AC: to control vomiting.
21. Pepto-Bismol: for diarrhoea, nausea, vomiting.
22. Phillips’ Milk of Magnesia: for constipation.
23. Preparation H: soothes sore bottom.
24. Solarcaine: typical anaesthetic, helpful for sunburn.
25. Vicks Vapo Rub: for congestion.
26. Witch hazel: topical antiseptic.

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 22 Helpful Household Items

1. Blanket / cookie sheet / ironing board: stretcher

2. Bubble Wrap: stabilize leg fracture / injury
3. Canned Pumpkin: for constipation or diarrhea
4. Dawn Dishwashing Soap: decontaminate fur
5. Heat pad: for arthritis/aches
6. Hose / sink spray: flushing wounds
7. Hydrogen peroxide (3%): given orally to prompt vomiting
8. Ice bag / frozen peas: topical pain control
9. Karo syrup/honey: for shock
10. KY Jelly: lubricant such as for eye out of socket
11. Olive oil: to suffocate / kill ear mites
12. Pliers: remove porcupine quills / foreign object in mouth
13. Pantyhose/necktie: muzzle
14. Moustache trimmer: clip fur around wounds
15. Needle / Safety pin: acupuncture CPR
16. Teabags, soaked and cooled: to treat hot spots
17. Turkey baster: flush wounds, give liquid medicine
18. Rectal thermometer
19. Saran Wrap: seals wounds, holds bandage together without sticking to fur
20. Sterile Saline Solution: flush wounds, eye injuries
21. Squirt gun, squeeze bottle: give liquid medicine / flush wounds
22. Yogurt: settle digestion, control gas

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E M E R G E N C Y F IRST A I D

D O G S & CATS

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 RULE 1 : DON’TPANIC!

“ Basic knowledgeand a well-stocked first-aid kit

are all you need to save the day with
common household pet problems”

- Dr Peter Kross - Rivergate Veterinary Clinic, Manhattan

C A R I N G FO R D O G S

Eye Irritation: Use 1 percent saline solution to flush eyes.

Bite wounds: Clean and treat wound with hydrogen peroxide and
triple antibiotic ointment
Garbage Raid: Give dog white bread and butter if you simply want
something to pass. If concerned about toxic
substances, call poison control.
Bee Sting or Allergies: Give Benadryl pills for generalized allergies and cream
for topical rash. Go to the emergency vet if pet is in
distress

C A R I N G FO R CATS

Skin gash from grooming: Clean wound with peroxide, cover with bandage
and tube-sock and place paper collar over cat’s
head.
Nails trimmed too short: Place talc on nail bed to stop bleeding

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 Emergency first aid for dogs and cats

RULE 2: K EEP A PET E M E R G E N C Y K I T

Dr. Kross recommends keeping the following items

on hand in a first-aid kit for pets:

• Saline solution

• Hydrogen peroxide

• Antibiotic ointment

• Benadryl

• Bandages

• Talc

• Thermometer

• Pedialyte or Gatorade

• Aspirin

• Kaopectate

• Lanacane cream

• Mineral oil

• Vaseline

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HOME REMEDIES
FOR PETS

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 MANGE
What is Mange?
Mange is a skin disease found in animals, reptiles, birds and in some plants. It is
caused by parasitic mites and it leaves animals with sores, which leads to SEVERE
anxiety. It can spread through the entire body if not treated timeously.

Types of Mange:
Demodectic and Sarcoptic Mange is found in dogs. Please note that if your dog has
Sarcoptic Mange then it has to be isolated in a room with proper weather
conditions.

Symptoms:
Mange can be initially observed in ears, face, elbow and legs. It causes scabbing,
hair loss, constant itching and abrasions on the skin.

BATHING

Step 1: Prepare a decoction of 1% hydrogen peroxide solution and borax powder.

Step 2: Now, wash the affected dog with this once a week. Let it dry on its own.

Step 3: Do this regularly for two weeks. Make sure your dog doesn’t ingest borax.

TOP TIP: Do not confuse BORAX with BORIC powder.

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 HONEY
Apply honey directly on the skin of the animal.
DON’T FORGET: Wash it off at night WITHOUT FAIL.
Ants love honey and might attack your dog.

YOGHURT

Another tasty treat for most but two tablespoons of yoghurt can be
applied to pet's ears when treating discharge and crusting due to mange.

DON’T FORGET: Wash it off at the end of the day.

COOKING OIL

Take a clean sponge and dip it in a bowl of cooking

oil. Rub it gently on your pet’s affected area.

This will prevent itching and irritation on the skin.

The waxy effect stops the air supply that will ultimately kill the mites.

APPLE CIDER VINEGAR (ACV)

An apple a day keeps the doctor away but ACV keeps Mange at bay.

ACV is packed with tremendous healing properties that help fight off

Mange mites. Mix a tablespoon of unpasteurized apple cider vinegar

in your pet’s meal to cure the redness and itching associated with

Mange.

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 SOAPYWATER

Take a mild soap solution and use it on the affected skin. The alkaline
nature will kill the mites and stop them from spreading further.
TOP TIP: Use lukewarm water to prepare the soapy solution

LEMON

When life throws you lemons, slice a lemon into eight wedges and boil
them in water. Keep overnight. The next morning, dip a sponge in the
mixture and rub it on your pet’s skin.

Its acidic properties will not only kill the Mites but also give your pet a
glossy coat. It also prevents redness and itching.

GARLIC

1 SOLUTION, 4 STEPS:
Garlic is an anti-parasitic food which helps inhibit the activities of Mange -
causing mites.
1. Take six lemon skins, one whole chopped lemon and 30-40 crushed garlic
cloves.
2. Boil all the ingredients in four litres of water.
3. Wait till the solution cools down.
4. Apply this on your pet and do it regularly for positive results.
You can also use garlic oil on the affected area.

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 OLIVE OIL
An olive tree can live for up to 600 years and with all that wisdom, olive oil
staves off Mites and soothes irritable skin. Its moisturizing properties heal dry,
scaly patches. Just apply a little olive oil on the affected skin of your pet.

Brush the fur

Brush the coat of your pet regularly to remove scaling and scabs
naturally. Do not overdo it as you might end up making the
situation worse.

Yellow Dock
Prepare a decoction from this herb and apply it on the affected skin of your pet.
It helps kill the parasites and heals the skin gradually. Perform this remedy
several times a day.

ALOE VERA

The healing properties of Aloe Vera treats several skin

disorders.
Apply Aloe Vera gel to soothe the irritation of your pet. Do it a couple of times a day.

Use this remedy after hydrogen peroxide and borax bath.

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 INDIAN LILAC OIL
Apply Indian Lilac oil on the affected area to kill the Mites and stop the Mange
from spreading.

CALENDELA TEA

The usage of calendula tea helps kill the Mites that cause itching. Give this herbal
bath to your dog to soothe the inflammation associated with Mange.

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 DO’s
• Always keep pets clean and give them regularly baths.

• Provide nutritious meals.

• Make regular trips to the vet.

• Sterilize pet’s clothes and bedding area as frequently as possible.

• Prevent your pet from going near other infected pets.

DONT’s
• Do not perform any remedies that involve chemicals without consulting a vet.

• Do not give your pet canned, packed or milk products.

• Do not keep them tied up all day outside or inside your house.

• Do not let your pet lurk in wet areas.

Home Remedy Hacks (2016) 15 Home Remedies to Get Rid of Mange.

Available at: http://www.homeremedy-hacks.com/15-home-remedies-to-get-rid-of-mange/
(Accessed: 22 June 2016).

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 FLEAS
What are they? Fleas are blood sucking insects that carry disease and
live in the fur of your pets. Fleas can spread throughout
your home.

Types of Fleas: There are about 2,500 species of flea

Symptoms: Characterized by itchiness and scratching, fleas often

cause redness and bumps to occur around the bites.

BATHING

Shampoo your pet with flea shampoo. Give your dog a flea bath with
limonene shampoo, and flea-comb him down thoroughly while he’s in the
water so the fleas drown.

SAY WHAT?
Place a flea collar in the bag of your vacuum cleaner.

Any fleas you sweep up will stay put in there.

HINT OF THE DAY

If you don’t want to use a flea collar with insecticides, active ingredients
such as eucalyptus, cedar, lemon-grass, rosemary and marigold won’t
exterminate, but will deter fleas.

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NATURAL PAWESOME SOLUTION
Placing an open jar or two of eucalyptus stems and leaves around the house
can deter fleas. Place them in rooms where your pet spends the most time
(especially those with carpets - fleas love to hide in them.)

IN-HOME PROTECTION
Sprinkle borate powder into crevices of couches and chairs.
Stock your yard with off-leaf larvae-eating nematodes (available at
pet and garden stores).

FURRY-FACT
Fleas hate citrus scents and will avoid crawling in through the screens.
Spray screens with distilled water containing several drops of bitter orange
essential oil.

NUTRION SAVES THE DAY

Proper nutrition for your pest is the best flea prevention.
Add brewer’s yeast to your pet’s food, as well as essential fatty acids such as
omega-3 and omega-6.

Try adding a teaspoon of vinegar to each quart of the animal’s drinking water. It
.
helps keep pets free of fleas and ticks

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 ITCHINESS
BATHING IN OATMEAL 101
Step 1 Put uncooked oatmeal or rolled oats into a sock or nylon
stocking
Step 2 Run a tub full of warm water over it.

Step 3 Soak your dog (cats will rarely let you do this) in the water
for 5 to 10 minutes.

ALOE VERA

Break off a piece of the plant and apply the

thick juice directly to the raw area.

SIMPLE SOLUTIONS FOR SKIN SORES AND HOTSPOTS

Step 1 If you see a hot spot developing, shave about one-half to
one inch around the sore to prevent hair and other dirt
from further aggravating it.
Step 2 Clean the sore with hydrogen peroxide on gauze or a cotton
ball. After it dries, spray the area with cortisone cream.
Step 3 Do this twice a day until the sore starts to dry out or a scab
begins to form.

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 CUTS,SCRATCHES
&
AB RA TI O N S
Step 1 Mix 2 cupswater, 1⁄2-teaspoonsalt, and 1⁄2 teaspoon calendula
tincture.
Step 2 Soak an injured paw in the solution. If the wound is on the body, put the
solution in a squirt bottle or large syringe and gently apply it to the
injured area.
Step 3 Repeat the soaking or application every 4 to 6 hours for the first 24
hours.

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 BITES & SCRATCHES
• Rinse out the fresh wounds and punctures with large amounts of this solution:
2 cupswater,

1⁄2 teaspoon salt ,

1⁄2 teaspoon Echinacea / Goldenseal tincture

.

FURRY FACT Hydrogen Peroxide can be used to clean wounds,

but it can also damage delicate tissue.

• Cat wounds are notorious for forming abscesses. If the abscess is

draining, clean it with Echinacea/goldenseal solution.

FURRY FACT Always wear latex gloves while handling an

abscess.

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 TISSUE TRAUMA &
CHOKING
TISSUE TRAUMA
Fights, bites, bruises and all those painful moments your pet may
encounter.

Arnica: A homeopathic remedy that can speed up recovery for your pet.

Give two pellets of Arnica 30c once per hour for three hours following
the injury.

CHOKING
Step 1 Keep calm! You can perform the Heimlich manoeuvre on animals.

Step 2 Lift a small pet or reach over the back of a large one and raise the
back legs, so that the rear end is elevated over the head.
Step 3 Place your hands around the lowest part of the chest and give a
quick, gentle thrust inward and upward.
Step 4 Remember to scale the force of the thrust to the size of your pet.

REMEMBER You need to be extremely gentle with small pets. Imagine your
: performing this on an infant or toddler.

Home Remedies: Pets (no date)

Available at: http://www.almanac.com/content/home-remedies-pets
(Accessed: 22 June 2016).

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 L O OS E STO O L S
CAUSES We’ve all eaten something that doesn’t agree with us, but at least
we can talk about it and ask for an extra roll of toilet paper.
Luckily, we don’t eat from the compost pile, but unfortunately,
pets do.

SYMPTOMS When food moves through the gut, the result is loose stools. In
dogs and cats with chronic inflammatory bowel disease, the gut
responds as if irritated at the slightest stress or change of diet.

A MIRACLE
PLANT
SL IP P ERY ELM

This herb is available as powder or capsules and coats the lining of the
gastrointestinal tract, counteracting the irritation and allowing stools to firm up.

HOW TO: Put 1 tablespoon of the powder (break open

capsules) into 1 pint of water and bring to a boil
to thicken. Let it cool, and administer by mouth,
a teaspoon or less for small pets, several
tablespoons for large dogs, every 2 to 4 hours,
until the gut settles down (usually 8 to 24 hours).

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 BURRS I N THE FUR
What is it?

A burr is a seed that has hooks or teeth that are designed to

latch onto the fur of animals that brush past it.

What to do?

DOGS
Comb the burrs in their fur with a metal comb immediately. If burrs are badly

tangled rub vegetable oil on your fingers and work the lubrication slowly

through the fur until you can pull the burrs out.

CATS
Typically, cats will want to take care of their own grooming but you can help by

gently working through the mess with a wire brush. Most cats won’t let you cut

the fur or lubricate it the way a dog will.

Home Remedies: Pets (no date)

Available at: http://www.almanac.com/content/home-remedies-pets
(Accessed: 22 June 2016).

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 ITCHY EARS
&
SORE EYES
ITCHY EARS

Aloe Vera or the contents of a vitamin E capsule can

soothe red or inflamed areas of the ear. A gentle cleaning
with a cotton swab or gauze dipped into vegetable oil can
help to remove a build-up of wax and dirt.

REMEMBER: Dog and cat ear canals take a right-angle turn at the base of
the ear. Be careful not to jam anything deep into the ear
canal.

SORE OR R U N N Y EYES
A simple rinse of saline solution can help a mild eye irritation.

Continue as drops every four hours, until clear.

If symptoms worsen, consult with your vet.

Home Remedies: Pets (no date)

Available at: http://www.almanac.com/content/home-remedies-pets
(Accessed: 22 June 2016).

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 S K U N K SP RAYS
A sticky situation that will cause nausea or vomiting if swallowed and will act
like tear gas if sprayed in the eyes. If your dog gets sprayed directly in the eyes
or mouth, seek immediate veterinary treatment.

HOME REMEDIES

Bathe your dog in a mixture of 4 cups hydrogen peroxide, 1⁄4-cup baking

soda, and 1 teaspoon liquid soap. Work the solution into the fur
(avoiding eyes) then rinse.

Think you've heard everything?

Think again.

Tomato juice is the key. Douse your pet and leave it on for several
minutes before rinsing it off.

Got a big dog? A single washing can require several cans of tomato juice. You
may have to repeat the procedure, but the odour will eventually work itself out
of your pet’s coat. Hang in there!

Home Remedies: Pets (no date)

Available at: http://www.almanac.com/content/home-remedies-pets
(Accessed: 22 June 2016).

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 URINARY TRACT
INFECTIONS
HOME REMEDIES

WATER

H20 helps flush out harmful bacteria. Make sure

there is always access to fresh, clean water and
encourage your pet to drink as much as possible.

TOP TIP: It may help to make a “soup” with water and your dog’s kibble or
offer some baby food (make sure there’s no onion or garlic in
the ingredients!) and dilute it with water.

STAY COOL: Dogs may like to eat ice cubes, which are another great
way to get some extras fluids. Make sure there’s not too
much gulping at once, or he may get an upset stomach.

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 VITIMAN C

Vitamin C helps acidify the urine and prevent the

recurrence of infection.

However,caution is needed since some kidney

stones can be caused by acidic urine.

- Robert Pane withSouth Kendall Animal Clinic. Cranberry Juice.

NOTE: Some vets do not believe this works; others think it may be helpful.
Cranberry juice may lower the PH of the urine and prevent bacteria from
attaching to the bladder wall. However, just as with vitamin C, it may cause the
urine to become acidic, which may be a problem if the dog happens to have
oxalate crystals.

WHEN IN DOUBT: Consult with a vet before using cranberry extract.

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 U R I N A RY Home remedies for pets
TRACT
I N F EC T I O N S
A PP L E CIDER V I N E G A R ( A C V )

An apple a day may keep the doctor away but ACV can do all sorts
of things! Dogs may benefit from it as well and the principle again lies in its acidic content.
Acetic acid will effectively neutralize the harmful bacteria causing the infection.

SIMPLE SOLUTION: One or two tablespoons (depending on the size of

your dog) can be added to plain yoghurt or to food
and water.

IMPORTANT: Uristat and phenazopyridine HCI are not safe for dogs!

MORE IMPORTANT: ALWAYS ASK YOUR VET!

Urinary tract infections may not be an immediate emergency but owners should keep
a watchful eye on symptoms and report signs of worsening to their veterinarians
promptly.

The above article is not to be used as a diagnostic tool or as a replacement for

veterinary advice. If your dog seems sick, please consult your veterinarian for proper
advice.

DON’T RISK IT: Symptoms of bladder stones may mimic those of a urinary
tract infection, so it is highly advisable to consult with a
veterinarian about the appropriate course of action.
MOST IMPORTANT: ALWAYS ASK YOUR VET!

Alexadry (2016) Home remedies for dogs with urinary tract infections.
Available at: https://pethelpful.com/dogs/Home-remedies-for-dogs-affected-by-urinary-tract-infections
(Accessed: 22 June 2016).

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O VER-THE-COUNTER
MEDICATION
THAT I S S A F E
FOR PETS
31
 HOW TO:
Determining if your OTC medication is dog or cat friendly and how much should be
administered is tricky. Always check with your veterinarian that understands your
pet’s health and history before giving any medications.
TOP TIP:Double-check with a vet who knows your pet's medical history.

DOSAGES?
Depends on the size, other drugs administered and your pet’s general condition.

TRIPLE NOTE: DOUBLE-CHECK with your vet first. Be certain that you’re using
only the medication listed, not the other ingredients.

EXAMPLE:
Many antihistamines, include added decongestants that can be lethal for your dog.

WHEN IN DOUBT: DON’T USE IT.

WHY IT’S TRICKY: Collies and other herding breeds may have a genetic mutation
that makes certain OTC drugs on this list – even those
considered safe for other breeds – very dangerous.

IMPORTANT: Always check with your vet before administering human

medications to your pet.

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IN CASE OF EMERGENCY:
BENADRYL
Treats allergies and itching.
CANINE DOSE: 0,5-1 mg per pound of body weight. Maximum dose 2 mg/lb.

FELINE DOSE: 0,5 mg per pound every 8 hours. Can cause excitability.

BUFFERED A S P R I N
Pain relief and anti-inflammatory.
CANINE DOSE: 5 mg per pound of body weight every 12 hours.

FELINE DOSE: NOT RECOMMENDED!

IMPORTANT! Do NOT give your dog aspirin without first consulting your veterinarian,
especially if your dog is already taking steroids or prescribed pain medication. New
studies have linked aspirin with gastric ulcers in dogs.

D R A M A M IN E
Used to reduce motion sickness.

CANINE DOSE: 12.5 – 50 mg every 8 hours.

FELINE DOSE: 12.5 mg every 8 hours.

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 H Y D R O G E N PEROXIDE

Hydrogen Peroxide (3%)

Used to induce vomiting after accidental ingestion of poisons.

CANINE DOSE: 10 ml by mouth. Repeat in 15 minutes if not vomiting. Do not

exceed 3 doses.

FELINE DOSE: 10 ml by mouth. Repeat in 15 minutes if not vomiting. Do not

exceed 3 doses.

Relieves diarrhea.

CANINE DOSE: 1 ml per pound of body weight or 1 mg per 20 pounds every 8

hours.

FELINE DOSE: NOT RECOMMENDED

Relieves diarrhea.

CANINE DOSE: 1 ml per pound of body weight every 2 hours.

FELINE DOSE: 1 ml per pound of body weight every 2 hours.

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 MINERAL O I L
Eliminates constipation.
CANINE DOSE: Up to 4 tablespoons daily.

FELINE DOSE: Up to 2 tablespoons daily.

CANNED PUMPKIN
Relieves diarrhea, eliminates constipation. (Note: use only 100%
pumpkin, NOT pie filling).
CANINE DOSE: 2-3 teaspoons every 8-12 hours

FELINE DOSE: 1-2 teaspoons every 8-12 hours

PEPTO B I S MO L
Relieves diarrhea, vomiting, and gas.
CANINE DOSE: 1 teaspoon per 5 pounds of body weight or 1 capsule per 20
pounds every 6 hours.

FELINE DOSE: NOT RECOMMENDED

R O B I T U SS IN DM
Relieves coughing and hacking.

CANINE DOSE: 1 teaspoon per 20 pounds of body weight every 8-12 hours.

FELINE DOSE: NOT RECOMMENDED

DO NOT USE Ibuprofen and Tylenol

Arnold, B. (2016) Over-the-counter medications that are safe for dogs (and how much to give!).
Available at: http://www.do-gingtonpost.com/over-the-counter-medications-
that-are-safe-for-dogs-and-how-much-to-give/
(Accessed: 22 June 2016).

35
Eye Irritation: Use 1 percent saline solution to flush eyes.

Bite Wounds: Clean and treat wound with hydrogen peroxide and triple
antibiotic ointment

Garbage Raid: Give dog white bread and butter if you simply want
something to pass.
If concerned about toxic substances,
call poison control.

Bee Sting or Allergies: Give Benadryl pills for generalized allergies and cream for
topical rash.Go to the emergency vet if pet is in distress.

36
IDENTIFYING &
DEALING WITH
EMERGENCIES

37
51
 Dealing with emergencies

BASIC EMERGENCY FIRST A ID

F OR PETS

by www.vetdepot.com

First aid is not a replacement for veterinary care. Ideally, one person attends to
the pet while another calls the vet for advice on what to do next.

THINK FAST: If you are the only one there, you should call the vet once you
have stabilised the pet’s condition.

38
39
 Dealing with emergencies

BACK INJURIES

Back injuries can cause the pet to be unsteady

when standing or walking, be a painful
experience and may result in paralysis.

WHAT TO DO: BE GENTLE

1. Place a piece of plywood, board, rug, blanket or something sturdy behind the pet’s
back.
2. Gently slide pet on to stretcher, while making sure to keep movement to a minimum.
3. Place a blanket over pet and hold the edges down to prevent the pet falling.
4. Transport pet to nearest vet.

39
 Dealing with emergencies

CHOKING

Food or other objects can get caught in pet’s throat. As long as the
animal is coughing and or breathing, it is best to simply rush the
pet to your nearest vet. If the object becomes fully lodged in the
windpipe and the animal can no longer breath, a version of the
Heimlich maneuvre can be a LITERAL lifesaver.

WHAT TO DO:STAY CALM

1. Try and remove the object from the back of the throat with tweezers or your finger.
2. If you are unable to dislodge the object after a couple of attempts, lay the pet on the
ground on it’s side, place your hands over the widest part of its chest and press
down firmly to push out as much air out of the lungs as quickly as possible
3. REPEAT until the object is dislodged or you arrive at the vet.

40
 Dealing with emergencies

HYPOTHERMIA

Hypothermia is possible whenever pets are exposed to low

temperatures, especially when they are wet, the wind is
blowing or if they do not have access to shelter.
Hypothermic pets initially shiver but will stop as they become
colder.
Lethargy and sleepiness are also possible.

WHAT TO DO: DON’T PANIC

1. Take the pet into a warm house or car.

2. Wrap pet in a blanket. Warm some up with a dryer or use an electric

blanket if possible.

3. Wrap warm water bottles in blankets and place them under the blankets
with the pet or have a person snuggle with the pet inside the blankets
(body heat).

4. If the pet can drink, provide a bowl of warm water or broth.

5. DO NOT rub any part of the body that could be frostbitten.

6. Transport the pet to the nearest vet as soon as possible, preferably in a

heated car.

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 Dealing with emergencies

BURNS

Burns can be caused by heat, chemicals or friction.

First degree burns can effect the top layer of skin and appear as reddened areas.
Second degree burns are deeper and will lead to blistering.
Third degree burns effect all layers of skin.

WHAT TO DO: KEEP COOL

1. Rinse the burnt areas with cold water for a few minutes, this will
remove any chemicals or heat from the area preventing further
damage.

2. It can be difficult to assess the severity of a burn immediately after it

has occurred. Therefore, it is always safest to have a veterinarian
examine the pet AS SOON AS POSSIBLE
.

3. First degree burns can usually be treated with topical antibiotic

ointments and pain relievers.

4. Second degree burns may require oral antibiotics in addition to pain

relief and topical therapy.

5. Third degree burns are potentially life threatening and require

immediate veterinarian care.

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 Dealing with emergencies

POISONING

Different types of poisoning require different

types of first aid.

WHAT TO DO: ACT FAST

1. If the packaging is available, follow any directions that are

recommended for human exposure. For example, if the label says to
wash the chemical off the skin with water, do the same for pets.
REMEMBER TO WEAR RUBBER GLOVES.
2. Call your vet, local SPCA or your local poison control center for further
information. Have the following information available:
a. The type of poison involved
b. The amount the pet has ingested or been exposed to
c. The pet’s rough weight.
3. DO NOT induce vomiting or give charcoal unless directed to do so by
the veterinarian.
4. If you are unsure of what the pet may have ingested and it vomits, take
a sample of the vomit with you to the vet.

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 Dealing with emergencies

SHOCK

Shock can be caused by blood loss, heart disease,

infections, severe trauma or anything that results in a
lack of adequate oxygen delivery throughout the
body. Symptoms include rapid heart rate and
breathing, disorientation, weakness and collapsing.
Shock can lead to organ failure or death and is a
medical emergency.

WHAT TO DO: BE SMART

1. Cover the pet with blankets to keep it warm.

2. Lay the pet down in a position where its head is level with the rest of its
body.

3. If applicable, control blood loss.

4. Transport pet to nearest vet AS SOON AS POSSIBLE.

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 Dealing with emergencies

BLUNT FORCE TRAUMA

Blunt force trauma can lead to broken bones, injuries to

organs, internal bleeding, neurological dysfunction and
the severity of a pet’s injuries may not be immediately
apparent. Even if the pet seems to be okay, rather be
safe than sorry and go to your vet for a check-up
AS SOON AS POSSIBLE.

WHAT TO DO: BE OBSERVANT

1. Gently place small dogs or cats in a pet carrier with soft bedding
lining the bottom.
2. Larger dogs that are able to walk should be allowed to get into the car
with minimum assistance.
3. If a large dog cannot walk, follow the instructions listed under back
injuries.
4. Transport pet to nearest vet.

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 Dealing with emergencies

BROKEN LEG

There are two kinds of fractures:

- Open fractures where the bone protrudes through the skin.
- Closed fractures where the ends of the bones remain covered by the skin.

WHAT TO DO: BE GENTLE

1. If a wound is evident at the site of the fracture, cover it with a loose bandage
to prevent contamination and infection. Several pieces of paper towel can
be held in place with some tape of no bandage is available.
2. To stabilize fractures in the lower leg, roll-up some newspaper or a
magazine and wrap the leg and makeshift splints with cloth, tape or elastic
bands. The bandage should not be tight enough to compromise blood flow.
3. Do not try to straighten-out the leg before splinting it.
4. Start wrapping at the bottom of the leg, leaving the toes exposed and
moving up the leg as high as possible.
5. Transport the pet to the nearest vet.

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 Dealing with emergencies

CARDIOPULMONARY ARREST / CPR

When a pet stops breathing and does not have a heart beat (feel by placing a
hand over the left side of the pet’s chest just behind the elbow), bystanders
can initiate CPR.
This is often not successful; it may give the pet time to get to the vet.

WHAT TO DO: ACT FAST

1. Lay the dog on its right side on a flat surface.

2. Cover approximately one-third to one-half of the chest with your fingers
or your hand.
3. Press down firmly and perform 100-120 chest compressions per minute.
4. If you are comfortable doing so, perform mouth-to-snout ventelation
(cover the pet’s mouth and nose with your mouth using your hand if
necessary to keep the pet’s lips closed) at a rate of two breathes every
30 compressions.
5. Check for spontaneous breathing and heart beat every minute or so.
STOP CPR if the pet starts breathing on it’s own.

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 Dealing with emergencies

HEAT STROKE

Heatstroke commonly develops when pets are left in cars, when they
exercise or when they don’t have access to cool water and shade
when temperatures are high. Symptoms include a bright red tongue
and gums, panting, weakness and collapsing.

WHAT TO DO: STAY COOL

1. Soak towels in cold water and place them around dog’s head, armpits
and groin.
2. Remove towels as they warm, soak them in cold water again and reapply.
3. If towels aren’t available, run cool (not frigid) water over the dog’s legs,
armpits, groin and belly.
4. If pet is able to drink, offer a cool bowl of water.
5. Transport the dog to a veterinarian in an air conditioned vehicle as
quickly as possible.

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 Dealing with emergencies

SEIZURES

Brain injuries or disorders, poisons, organ dysfunction, blood sugar

abnormalities and idiopathic epilepsy are common causes of seizures in
pets. A seizure that lasts for less than three or four minutes is generally not
dangerous but does need to be followed-up with a veterinarian exam to
determine its underlying cause.

WHAT TO DO: DON’T PANIC

1. While an animal is having a seizure, remove anything from its

immediate surroundings that might result in an injury (e.g. Furniture
that could be knocked over) and make sure the pet is not near the top
of a flight of stairs.
2. DO NOT place anything in the pet’s mouth.
3. Keep the pet cool by placing a fan nearby.
4. Make notes about how long the seizures last and what it looks like.
5. If the seizure lasts for longer than 5 minutes or if they occur in clusters,
IMMEDIATELY head to the nearest veterinarian clinic. For shorter
seizures, call the vet and make an appointment.

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 Dealing with emergencies

WOUNDS & BLEEDING

Penetrating wounds can result in blood loss, infection

and damage to vital underlying organs.

WHAT TO DO: ACT FAST

1. Apply a clean cloth or paper towels over the wound and apply
pressure until bleeding stops.
2. Wrap the affected part of the body with an elastic bandage, strips
of cloth or tape to hold it in place as you take the pet to the vet.
3. If blood soaks through the bandage, apply another layer over the
top WITHOUT removing the first layer.
4. For chest wounds where air is leaking through the wound, place a
layer of plastic wrap over the wound, use petroleum or KY jelly to
stick the plastic wrap to the surrounding skin and bandage as
above.
5. If abdominal contents are protruding through the wound, gently
place them back inside the abdomen if you can do so with little
pressure and bandage as above.
6. For extreme bleeding from an extremity that doesn’t improve
with pressure, use a strip of cloth as a tourniquet above the
wound. Loosen it for 15 seconds every 15 minutes as you travel
to the veterinarian clinic.

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 POST-STERILIZATION CARE FOR YOUR PET:
ENSURING COMFORT AND HEALTH

1 REST AND COMFORT:

After the sterilization procedure, your pet needs a calm and quiet environ-
ment to recover. Provide a warm, soft, and clean bedding where your pet
can rest comfortably. Ensure they have a quiet place away from other ani-
mals and children.

2 MONITORING YOUR PET:

Keep a close eye on your pet during the recovery period. Look for any signs
of discomfort, excessive licking, or swelling around the surgical site. If you
notice anything unusual, contact your veterinarian immediately.

3 PREVENTING INFECTIONS:
To prevent infections, follow these guidelines:

Surgical Site Care:

Keep it Clean: Follow your veterinarian’s instructions for
cleaning the surgical site. Use mild antiseptic solutions recom-
mended by your vet.
Avoid Irritation: Discourage your pet from licking or biting the
surgical site. You can use an Elizabethan collar to prevent them
from reaching the area.
Limit Activity:
Restricted Movement: Encourage your pet to rest and avoid
vigorous activities during the healing period. Excessive move-
ment can reopen the wound.
No Baths: Avoid giving your pet a bath until the veterinarian
gives the green light.

4 MANAGING PAIN AND DISCOMFORT:

Your pet might experience some pain and discomfort after the surgery.
Follow your veterinarian’s advice on pain management. They might pre-
scribe pain medications or suggest alternative methods to keep your pet
comfortable.

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 POST-STERILIZATION CARE FOR YOUR PET:
ENSURING COMFORT AND HEALTH

5 DIETARY CONSIDERATIONS:
Discuss dietary changes with your veterinarian. Some pets might need a
special diet during the recovery period. Ensure your pet has access to fresh
water at all times.

6 FOLLOW-UP VETERINARY VISITS:

Attend all scheduled follow-up appointments with your veterinarian. These
visits are essential to ensure the surgical site is healing properly and there
are no signs of complications.
7 BEHAVIORAL CHANGES:
Some pets might exhibit behavioral changes post-sterilization. Be patient
and understanding. Provide extra love and attention to help them feel
secure during this time.

8 SOCIALIZATION AND INTERACTION:

Gradually reintroduce your pet to their normal routine and social interac-
tions. Monitor their behavior and ensure they are not stressed or anxious.

9 WATCH FOR WARNING SIGNS:

Be vigilant for any signs of infection, such as:

Foul Odor: An unpleasant smell around the surgical site.

Discharge: Any unusual discharge, especially if it's green or yellow.
Fever: Elevated body temperature.
If you notice any of these signs, contact your veterinarian promptly.

10 PATIENCE AND LOVE:

Lastly, shower your pet with love, attention, and patience. A caring and
supportive environment aids in the healing process and helps your pet feel
secure during their recovery.
Remember, every pet is different, so it's crucial to follow your veterinarian's
specific post-surgery instructions for the best outcome.

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 THE E N D

THANKS FOR READING

AND GOOD LUCK!