Ijcirv13n9 05
Ijcirv13n9 05
Ijcirv13n9 05
Kritika Yadav
CSE/IT Department,
Madhav Institute of Technology and Science, Gwalior, India.
Mahesh Parmar
CSE/IT Department
Madhav Institute of Technology and Science, Gwalior, India.
Abstract
I. INTRODUCTION
Data mining field uses many methods to extract the needed hidden data and hidden
patterns from big data [1]. Data Mining is one of the disciplines that are used to
convert raw data into meaningful information and knowledge [2]. Data mining
searches and analyses large quantities of data automatically by discovering, learning
and knowing hidden patterns, trends, and structures and it answers questions that
cannot be addressed through simply query and reporting techniques [2].
Data Mining is a very crucial research domain in recent research world. The
techniques are useful to elicit significant and utilizable knowledge which can be
perceived by many individuals. Data mining programs consists of diverse
methodologies which are predominantly produced and used by commercial
enterprises, Government offices and biomedical researchers. These techniques are
well disposed towards their respective knowledge domain. The use of standard
statistical analysis techniques is both time consuming and expensive. Efficient
techniques can be developed and tailored for solving complex data sets using data
mining to improve the effectiveness and accuracy of large data sets [3].
The Government of India has introduced many employment generation programmes
to eradicate poverty and unemployment, since in 1980. All these programmes were
inadequate and piecemeal in their approach. Therefore, the programmes failed to
make any major dent on the problems of poverty and unemployment. With
globalization and liberation of the economy, it is always feared that the incidence of
poverty and unemployment will increase substantially. In this context, the
implementation of National Rural Employment Guarantee Act is the most appropriate
course of action.
The MNREGA that aims to cover all of rural India with a potential socio-political
significance for the rural poor that are matched only by the 73rd Amendment. One
version of the proposed MNREGA bill seeks to provide “at least one hundred days of
guaranteed employment at the statutory minimum wage” to adult members of every
rural household who volunteer to do casual manual work [4].
As per the Section 22(1) of the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment
Guarantee Act 2005, the Central Government is mandated to meet the cost of the
wages for unskilled manual work under the Scheme, and upto three-fourths of the
material cost of the scheme including the payment of wages to the skilled and semi-
skilled workers, and the administrative expenses as decided by the Central
Government (currently at 6%).
In order to streamline the system of fund releases and to avoid multiple levels of fund
release and thereby do away with the delays and corruption, an electronic Fund
Management System (e-FMS), has been introduced in MGNREGA. Under this
system, funds are held at one account at the State level (e-FMS Debit account) which
Analysis of Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act… 2223
This paper is organized as follows. In Section II, we introduce the dataset and
attributes in it, and how the data was collected and pre-processed. It also lists and
explains the selected classification algorithms. Section III outlines the results obtained
by using two different test methods and also the dataset is analyzed on different
criteria's giving us insight on trends and patterns of incidents that have occurred in the
due course. Section V concludes the paper.
2224 Kritika Yadav and Mahesh Parmar
Vrushali Bhuyar [2014] In this paper one of the parameter which is used to increase
yield production is considered; that is soil. Different classification algorithms are
applied to soil data set to predict its fertility. This paper focuses on classification of
soil fertility rate using J48, Naïve Bayes, and Random forest algorithm.
Niketa Gandhi and Leisa J. Armstrong [2016] examines the application of data
visualisation techniques to find correlations between the climatic factors and rice crop
yield. The study also applies data mining techniques to extract the knowledge from
the historical agriculture data set to predict rice crop yield for Kharif season of
Tropical Wet and Dry climatic zone of India.
Amit Gupta et al. [2016] highlight the trends of incidents that will in return help
security agencies and police department to discover precautionary measures from
prediction rates. The classification of algorithms used in this study is to assess trends
and patterns that are assessed by BayesNet, NaiveBayes, J48, JRip, OneR and
Decision Table. The output that has been used in this study, are correct classification,
incorrect classification, True Positive Rate (TP), False Positive Rate (FP), Precision
(P), Recall (R) and F-measure (F).
Dr.M.Usha Rani [2012] analyzed the caste-wise households registered and working
and out of these the registered households are collected for all 22 districts of Andhra
Pradesh from 2006 to 2011. Data mining tools are used to extract the knowledge from
the databases created. Data mining tool - Rapid miner is used to discover the
interested patterns on the data of caste wise households that are registered and caste
wise households that are working in NREGS works. Caste Wise Employee database is
created from NREGS data.
Analysis of Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act… 2225
The internal studies conducted on the reasons for the delayed payments pointed out
that the delays in release of funds by the Central Government, multi-level release
system, continued parking of funds at various levels and the inability of the
implementation agencies to get the funds in time for payment - were the main
contributory causes for the increased delays. This calls for further steps to improve the
system and to assure timely availability of funds as per demand.
100% 90%
100% 86%
90% 87%
82% 77%
80% 77% 65%
67% 64%61% 59% 55%
59% 59%
60% 54%
51%
44%41%
32%
40% 33% 28% 25%
29% 27% 24%
24%
13%
20% 15%
9%
0%
MEGHALAYA
MANIPUR
KARNATAKA
UTTARAKHAND
NAGALAND
WB
SIKKIM
RAJASTHAN
PUNJAB
ASSAM
BIHAR
JHARKHAND
GUJARAT
KERALA
CHHATTISGARH
ODISHA
MAHARASHTRA
UP
TELANGANA
PUDUCHERRY
TAMIL NADU
MIZORAM
AP
MP
TRIPURA
HARYANA
National
HP
GOA
Ar Pd
J&K
As per MIS no wage payment has been done in A & N and Lakshdweep in current FY
Fig. MGNREGA Performance Review Committee (PRC), MoRD, 17th January, 2017.
2226 Kritika Yadav and Mahesh Parmar
The database connectivity was established with Weka Tool for further analysis by
applying data mining technique. Different parameters were set before applying
technique. Each of the parameter used and set in each of the techniques used is
described in detail in section IVB below.
START
Collect data of Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA)
from government offices for the state of Rajasthan for the financial year 2016-17
Extract the data on the basis of districts, type of payment and reason of
delay for the financial year 2016-2017.
STOP
B. Proposed Algorithm
The data which was collected from different Government offices was imported in the
database which contains many fields of which only few were considered for our
research work. The data set was created with the help of Toad software. Toad
2228 Kritika Yadav and Mahesh Parmar
For the first quarter of the year (April 2016-June 2016), the delay in payment of
wages was mainly due to Payment delay which was 28.78%. Other reasons include
System delay 6.9% and FTO Generation delay 2.33%. Overall system was found to be
working fine for 61.99% transactions.
In the second quarter (July 2016-September 2016), the delay in system was due to
Payment delay which increased to 47.87% and System OK decreased to 42.64%.
System Delay increased to 7.72% and FTO Generation delay 1.78%.
2230 Kritika Yadav and Mahesh Parmar
In the fourth quarter (January 2017-March 2017), there is tremendous increase in the
payment delay with 72.72% and System promptness decreased to as low as 19.56%,
System delay also increased to 7.68% when FTO Generation delay was as low as
0.04%.
From above, it can be concluded that the main reason of delay in the payment of
wages is the Payment delay. This is on account of various factors such as ‘Timely
releases of Funds for making payments by Central Government’, ‘Delays in
Analysis of Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act… 2231
For the first quarter (April 2016-June 2016), the delay is maximum for Sikar district.
However, there is marginal difference in the average delay for the districts. The least
average delay is noticed for the district Rajasmand.
In the second quarter (July 2016-September 2016) , there was remarkable increase in
the average delay as compared to the first quarter in which the delay was 2-3 days for
every district which increased to 10-12 days for the districts. The maximum delay was
accounted for Jalore.
In the third quarter (October 2016-December 2016), the average delay increased
marginally between 8-17 days. In this quarter, Barmer has high average delay of 17
days and Ajmer has least average delay.
In the fourth quarter (January 2017-March 2017), the average delay decreased
marginally but in Karauli it increased considerably with 16.89 days.
Analysis of Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act… 2233
V. CONCLUSION
This research shows that data extracted from the bank and National Informatics
Centre, processed and analyzed with data mining tool-Weka provide useful
information to the Government which could be used for further improvement in the
scheme.
From the obtained results several conclusions can be drawn:
Districts in the central Rajasthan have comparatively less average delay.
Districts in the western Rajasthan have high delay in the payment of wages as
compared to all other districts of Rajasthan.
Using Decision tree algorithm (J 48) the payment of wages for the state of Rajasthan
can be discovered. Results from our analysis show that most of the districts of
Rajasthan have payment delay in the payment of wages. The analysis also shows that
other reasons for the delay are negligible as compared to the Payment Delay.
Further detailed analysis may be carried out on each reason of Payment Delays.
However, this is out of scope of this analysis as the objective is mainly to identify the
reasons which are responsible for Delay in MGNREGA DBT system.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Thanks to sponsor Bank i.e. SBI, Jaipur and National Informatics Centre, Jaipur
for providing all information.
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2234 Kritika Yadav and Mahesh Parmar
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2236 Kritika Yadav and Mahesh Parmar