Jcees 8 158
Jcees 8 158
Jcees 8 158
ENGINEERING GROUP
https://www.peertechzpublications.com
Abstract
Building Information Modelling (BIM) is a methodology that accompanies technological evolution and consists of a set of processes and tools that allows the creation
of a three-dimensional digital model. This model centralizes information, facilitating its access and exchange between the entities along the life cycle of a building.
This study focuses on the application of BIM methodology within the framework of a structural design, identifying the benefits and limitations that it provides
and indicating strategies that may be used to improve the quality of a project. A structural model was created through BIM-based platforms and then transferred to
the calculation software where the structural analysis and design were carried out. After this, through the conceived digital model, various applications that it allows
were explored, namely, the method of coordination and collaboration, detection of conflicts, production of drawings, the budget, and an immediate evaluation of the
environmental impact of the structure
This study demonstrates a significant improvement in the quality of the structural design. Therefore, even though some limitations still exist, the implementation of
this methodology is essential to improve the process in the AEC sector.
Citation: Azevedo GF (2022) BIM methodology implementation in structural design: Adaptation of procedures and information management. J Civil Eng Environ Sci
8(2): 093-099. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.17352/2455-488X.000058
https://www.peertechzpublications.com/journals/journal-of-civil-engineering-and-environmental-sciences
Implementation strategy
Dimensions of BIM
Citation: Azevedo GF (2022) BIM methodology implementation in structural design: Adaptation of procedures and information management. J Civil Eng Environ Sci
8(2): 093-099. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.17352/2455-488X.000058
https://www.peertechzpublications.com/journals/journal-of-civil-engineering-and-environmental-sciences
• The use of BIM tools contributes to the optimization Thus, it was modeled as an element of the category slab, with
of structural modeling (conception), coordination the geometry of the stair, so it would be possible to insert
(inter-discipline), and documentation (production of reinforcement.
drawings) [5].
Analytical model
• Increased quality is achieved due to clash detection
tools, consistent drawings, and great accuracy in After modeling the structural elements, Revit enables the
quantity take-off. automatic generation of an analytical model (Figure 4), since
the physical structural objects have attributes associated with
• Insufficient knowledge of BIM by some professionals the finite element method (FEM) and physical properties.
limits the collaboration potential of the methodology Despite the analytical model being generated automatically,
the engineer needs to carefully check its consistency.
• Lack of confidence in the quality of the analytical
model generated and of the transferred data due to Analytical model adjustments
the ineffective level of interoperability between the
modeling and calculation software. Through the observation of the generated analytical model,
inconsistencies were identified. Therefore, several types of
Case study – structural model adjustments were made before transposing it to the calculation
program:
In this paper, a reinforced concrete structure of a project
was developed concerning a four-story residential building • It is frequently verified that certain FEM elements are
(category A [6]) located in Lisbon. The generated model not placed on the orthogonal axis, which can cause
was based on a set of drawings of floor plans, section cuts, unwanted effects in the calculation. The analytical
and details of the structure. The structure is composed of beams were inclined towards the orthogonal axis since
orthogonal frames which support the floor slabs. Each floor is the analytical representation of the column was located
formed by a set of parallel beams that are oriented according to at its geometric center, which does not coincide with
the smallest direction. the intersection of the axis of the beams. Thus, the
column was positioned on the desired reference line by
The isolated footings are 0.60m thick and are connected
to each other by foundation lintels placed in both directions
Figure 3.
Physical model
Citation: Azevedo GF (2022) BIM methodology implementation in structural design: Adaptation of procedures and information management. J Civil Eng Environ Sci
8(2): 093-099. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.17352/2455-488X.000058
https://www.peertechzpublications.com/journals/journal-of-civil-engineering-and-environmental-sciences
Reinforcement design
• Calculation of the required reinforcement (At), which
The robot allows an automatic determination of the refers to the theoretical reinforcement area required;
reinforcement according to the Portuguese regulations of
Eurocodes 2 and 8 [7,8]. There are two main steps in this • Definition of provided reinforcement (Ar) which
process: determines the area of the reinforcement that is actually
placed, which must be greater than at.
Software interoperability
Citation: Azevedo GF (2022) BIM methodology implementation in structural design: Adaptation of procedures and information management. J Civil Eng Environ Sci
8(2): 093-099. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.17352/2455-488X.000058
https://www.peertechzpublications.com/journals/journal-of-civil-engineering-and-environmental-sciences
Figure 8: Automatic reinforcement design in Robot. Figure 12: Deformation of the structure exhibited in Revit.
097
Citation: Azevedo GF (2022) BIM methodology implementation in structural design: Adaptation of procedures and information management. J Civil Eng Environ Sci
8(2): 093-099. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.17352/2455-488X.000058
https://www.peertechzpublications.com/journals/journal-of-civil-engineering-and-environmental-sciences
Drawing preparation
4D and 8D dimensions
5D dimension
6D dimension
A sixth dimension can be included in the model, by Figure 15: Formwork generation of a column and table (schedule) of cost estimation
attributing the information on the amount of CO2 incorporated of formwork.
in each element. Through the visualization of schedules, it is
possible to estimate the number of carbon emissions of each
methodology. It also shows the advantages and applications
material used in the structure, supporting the decision-making
provided by a model that has a high quantity of centralized
of the solution Figure 16.
information.
Conclusion
• BIM tools, due to their 3D geometric feature, enable the
This paper demonstrates the several benefits and conception of a better solution, not only because it is
limitations that should be considered when adopting the BIM easier to observe the structure that is being developed,
098
Citation: Azevedo GF (2022) BIM methodology implementation in structural design: Adaptation of procedures and information management. J Civil Eng Environ Sci
8(2): 093-099. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.17352/2455-488X.000058
https://www.peertechzpublications.com/journals/journal-of-civil-engineering-and-environmental-sciences
Figure 16: Quantity of CO2 emissions associated to concrete elements of the General, seismic actions and building rules, 2009.
structure.
References
but also due to the facility in observing the constraints 1. Musayelyan H. Architectural design decision support system. 2009.
of the solutions modeled by other disciplines.
2. Teicholz P, Eastman CM, Sacks R, Liston K. BIM Handbook A guide to Building
• The BIM model, due to the fact that it contains parametric Infomation modeling, 2011.
with the calculations made. 7. CEN. Portuguese Standard EN 1992-1-1-Eurocode 2–Design of concrete
structures - Part 1-1: General rules and regulations for buildings. 2010.
• Nevertheless, there are certain bottlenecks that delay
the further implementation of BIM: 8. CEN. Portuguese Standard EN 1998-1-1-Eurocode 8 - Design of structures for
earthquake resistance; Part 1: Rules.
• The investment is considerable and there is always a
decrease in productivity during the adaptation phase.
099
Citation: Azevedo GF (2022) BIM methodology implementation in structural design: Adaptation of procedures and information management. J Civil Eng Environ Sci
8(2): 093-099. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.17352/2455-488X.000058