Ict 201 1.2

Department of Education
Region V
Division of Camarines Sur
COMPUTER SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOOL OF BICOLANDIA
San Jose, Pili, Camarines Sur
S/Y 2023-2024
LEARNERS ACTIVITY SHEET IN ICT 201
Name Section Score Q4W1 M1
WRITE YOUR NAME CLEARLY (SURNAME, SPACE, GIVEN NAME)

COMPUTER SOFTWARE (SOFTWARE)
I. INTRODUCTORY CONCEPT: Today people communicate
one way, computers to another. People speak words and
phrases; computers process bits and bytes. For us to
communicate with these machines, we need an
intermediary, an interpreter. This is the function of
software, particularly system software.
SYSTEM SOFTWARE: The Power behind the Power
What are three components of system software, what
does the operating system (OS) do, and what is a user
interface?
Software, or programs, consists of all the electronic
instructions that tell the computer how to perform a task. Three components of system software System software is
These instructions come from a software developer in a the interface between the user and the application
form (such as a CD or DVD, USB drive, or an internet software and the computer hardware.
download) that will be accepted by the computer.

There are three basic components of system software
that you need to know about.
Application software is software that has been
developed to solve a particular problem for users—to
• Operating systems: An operating system is the
perform useful work on specific tasks or to provide principal component of system software in any computing
entertainment. system.
• Device drivers: Device drivers help the computer
System software enables the application software to control peripheral devices.
interact with the computer and helps the computer • Utility programs: Utility programs are generally used
manage its internal and external resources. to support, enhance, or expand existing programs in a
computer system.
A fourth type of system software, language translators,

is covered elsewhere.
THE OPERATING SYSTEM: What It Does What are the

principal functions of the operating system?
The operating system (OS), also called the software

platform, consists of the low-level, master system of
programs that manage the basic operations of the you restart it, this is called a warm boot or a warm
computer. start.
These programs provide resource management THE BOOT DISK. Normally, your computer would boot
services of many kinds. In particular, they handle the from the hard drive, but if that drive is damaged, you can
control and use of hardware resources, including disk use a disk called a boot disk to start up your computer. A
space, memory, CPU time allocation, and peripheral boot disk is a floppy disk or a CD that contains all the
devices. files needed to launch the OS.
Different sizes and makes of computers have their own 2) CPU Management . How does CPU management
operating systems. For example, Cray supercomputers work?
use UNICOS and COS; IBM mainframes use MVS and

The central component of the operating system is the
VM; PCs run Windows or Linux and Apple supervisor. Like a police officer directing traffic, the
Macintoshes run the Macintosh OS. Cellphones have supervisor, or kernel, manages the CPU (the central
their own operating systems, such as Apple’s iPhone OS processing unit or processor)
3.0, which works with iPhones, or Google and the
It remains in memory (main memory or primary storage)
Open Handset Alliance’s Android operating system
while the computer is running and directs other
for mobile devices. In other words, different operating
“nonresident” programs (programs that are not in
systems are mutually incompatible.
memory) to perform tasks that support application
What operating systems do?
programs.
1. Booting
2. CPU management MEMORY MANAGEMENT The operating system also
3. File management manages memory—it keeps track of the locations within

main memory where the programs and data are stored.
4. Task management
5. Security management Virtual Memory. This capability allows a computer to
hold only the most immediately needed data and
1) Booting is the process of loading an operating programs within main memory. Yet it has ready access to
system into a computer’s main memory. This loading programs and data on the hard disk, thereby greatly
is accomplished automatically by programs stored expanding memory capacity
permanently in the computer’s electronic circuitry
(called read-only memory, or ROM GETTING IN LINE: QUEUES, BUFFERS, & SPOOLING
Programs and data that are to be executed or processed

wait on disk in queues
A queue is a first-in, first-out sequence of data and/or

programs that “wait in line” in a temporary holding place
to be processed.
The disk area where the programs or documents wait is

COLD BOOTS & WARM BOOTS. When you power up a
computer by turning on the power “on” switch, this is called a buffer.
called a cold boot. If your computer is already on and

Print jobs are usually spooled—that is, placed—into a
buffer, where they wait in a queue to be printed. This
happens because the computer can send print jobs to the
printer faster than the printer can print them, so the jobs
must be stored and then passed to the printer at a rate it
can handle.
The term spooling dates back to the days when print jobs
were reeled, or copied, onto spools of magnetic tape, on
which they went to the printer.
IV. References: Using Information Technology 9th Edition
Internet
Prepared by: RICKY C. MAGISTRADO

ICT TEACHER
NOTE: KEEP THIS MODULE.USE THIS MODULE TO

ANSWER THE ACTIVITIES ON THE SUCCEEDING MODULE.

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Department of Education

WRITE YOUR NAME CLEARLY (SURNAME, SPACE, GIVEN NAME)

download) that will be accepted by the computer.

System software enables the application software to control peripheral devices.

A fourth type of system software, language translators,

THE OPERATING SYSTEM: What It Does What are the

The operating system (OS), also called the software

devices. files needed to launch the OS.

operating systems. For example, Cray supercomputers work?

use UNICOS and COS; IBM mainframes use MVS and

3. File management manages memory—it keeps track of the locations within

Programs and data that are to be executed or processed

A queue is a first-in, first-out sequence of data and/or

The disk area where the programs or documents wait is

called a cold boot. If your computer is already on and

Prepared by: RICKY C. MAGISTRADO

NOTE: KEEP THIS MODULE.USE THIS MODULE TO

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