ICD L Mettu

Advisor Mr.
Regasa Yadeta
NAME ID NUMBER
1: ABDILJEMIL MUHADIN…………………….……….. RU 4567/12
2:MINTESNOT BAHARU……………………….…….….RU5648/12
3: TOLESSA KEBEDE……………………………………RU4786/12
4: ZUBER EDRIS……………………………………….…RU0002/12
Jan 29 2024
MATTU, ETHIOPIA
DECLARATION
In this Integral Civil Engineering design (ICED) project, we designed a G+2 Residential
building. It is new project that has not been designed anywhere and any university which has
simple rectangular shape including cantilever. We designed the structure as a solid.
Advisor Name Signature Date
Mr. Regasa Yadeta………………………. ________________ ____________________ __________
Name ID Signature Date
1.Abdiljemil muhadin …………....Ru4567/12

2.Mintasnot Baharu………..….…..Ru5648/12
3.Zuber Edris…………………..….Ru0002/13
4.Tolessa Kebede………………….Ru4786/12
iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Our first gratitude goes to the Almighty God for giving us the strength and the courage we gave
as to do this project.
Secondly, we would like to thanks the department of civil engineering for giving us this chance,
which enables us to change the theoretical gathered knowledge in to practical understanding.
Next we would like to express our deepest gratitude to our adviser Mr. Regasa Yadeta for taking
the time to give and attention for our frequent question without being fed up and helped us to
enhance our knowledge of structural analysis and design as well as providing us all the necessary
information.
Finally we would like to appreciate all the group members for the unity and patience
iv
ABSTRACT
Our project is a G+2 building. The building consists of different rooms which have different
functions such as library, bedroom, dinning area and with their basic necessities like kitchen, toilets.
The project report consists of the following chapter.
Firstly we designed the roof as solid roof and also we put the detailing for the roof at the end of
the solid roof Design
Secondly we designed the slab as solid slab and also we put the detailing for the slab at the end
of the slab Design and analysis for all structural member designed as per ESEN.
Thirdly we designed stair case and also we put the detailing and we transferred the load to the
beam.
Fourthly by using load transferred from the slab, stair cause, self-weight of the beam and the
load of the wall found on the beam we a n a l y s e d the shear force, bending moment, axial force
and reaction for all members by using ETABS2020 (software) and we take the out from ETABS.
Then we analysed and Design the beam @ support, Beam at span and beam For shear including
the Reinforcement Detailing respectively and also we put Detailing For the longitudinal Beam.
And in the Document we put the shear force diagram, Bending moment diagram and Axial force
Diagram for the axis taken as sample.
After the completion of Designing Beam, we compute/Design the column step by step including
detailing.to design the column we used Different charts to take the mechanical steel ratio (�) of
Reinforcement.
Finally at the end of this page Document we put reference these we used to done this project
v
SYMBOL USE IN THIS PROJECT
fck - characteristics of comprehensive strength of concrete at the 28 Days
fyk - characteristics of yield strength of reinforcement

fcd – Design value of concrete comprehensive strength
fyd- Design yield strength of reinforcement

fctm- Mean value of tensile strength of concrete member
�� – Partial factor of concrete
�� – Partial factor of steel
Ac-Area of section of concrete member
MEd- Design bending moment

VEd- Design shear
VRdc- Design value of shear resistance for member with out shear
�� – reference reinforcement ratio
�- Tension reinforcement ratio
�′- comprehensive steel ratio in beam
�,-Total longitudinal reinforcement ratio
E- Modulus of Elasticity
NEd – Design value of applied axial force
��- Comprehensive stress in concrete from axial load
∅- Diameter of a reinforcement
d- Effective depth of the member

D- Total depth of the member
Ms- Section capacity
Areq- Area of steel required
Aprov- Area of steel provided
S- Spacing between reinforcement
vi
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 INRODUCTION.................................................................................................................................... 1
1.1 General overview............................................................................................................................1
1.1.1 Structural design process........................................................................................................ 1
1.1.2 Project description.................................................................................................................. 2
1.1.3 Basic structural analysis......................................................................................................... 2
1.1.4 Design Criteria of Buildings...................................................................................................3
1.1.5 Design Philosophies................................................................................................................3
1.2 OBJECTIVE...................................................................................................................................5
2 Slab design............................................................................................................................................. 6
2.1 SOLID ROOF DESIGN................................................................................................................. 6
2.1.1 Design data and material properties....................................................................................... 6
2.1.2 Depth for deflection................................................................................................................8
2.1.3 Loading...................................................................................................................................8
2.1.4 Roof Slab Moment Calculation.............................................................................................. 9
2.1.5 Moment adjustement............................................................................................................ 11
2.1.6 Check depth for flexure........................................................................................................ 14
2.1.7 Reinforcement...................................................................................................................... 14
2.1.8 Load transfer to beam........................................................................................................... 17
2.2 SECOND FLOOR PLAN............................................................................................................ 19
2.2.1 Design Constant....................................................................................................................19
2.2.2 Panel Classification.............................................................................................................. 19
2.2.3 Depth for deflection..............................................................................................................20
2.2.4 Loading.................................................................................................................................20
2.2.5 Solid Slab Moment Calculation............................................................................................22
2.2.6 MOMENT ADJUSTEMENT...............................................................................................24
2.2.8 REINFORCEMENT.............................................................................................................27
2.2.9 Load transfer to Beam.......................................................................................................... 30
2.2.10 LOAD ON BEAM................................................................................................................31
2.3 FIRST FLOOR PLAN..................................................................................................................32
2.3.1 Design Constant................................................................................................................... 32
2.3.2 PANEL CLASSIFICATION................................................................................................ 33
2.3.3 Depth for deflection..............................................................................................................33
vii
2.3.4 Loading.................................................................................................................................34
2.3.5 Solid slab Moment Calculation.............................................................................................36
2.3.6 MOMENT ADJUSTEMENT...............................................................................................38
2.3.7 FIELD MOMENT ADJUSTEMENT...................................................................................39
2.3.9 REINFORCEMENT.............................................................................................................41
2.3.10 Load transfer to beam........................................................................................................... 44
2.3.11 LOAD ON BEAM................................................................................................................44
2.4 STAIR CASE ANALYSIS AND DESIGN................................................................................. 45
2.4.1 Design constant.................................................................................................................... 45
2.4.2 From architectural drawing.................................................................................................. 45
2.4.3 Depth Determination............................................................................................................ 46
2.4.4 Loading.................................................................................................................................46
SHEAR FORCE DIAGRAM............................................................................................................... 48
2.4.5 BENDING MOMENT DIAGRAM..................................................................................... 48
2.4.6 CHECK DEPTH FOR FLEXURE.......................................................................................49
2.4.7 Stair reinforcement detailing................................................................................................ 50
3 FRAME ANALYSIS and design.........................................................................................................51
3.1 FRAME ANALYSIS................................................................................................................... 52
3.1.1 ETABS MODELING........................................................................................................... 52
3.1.2 ETABS out-put sample........................................................................................................ 53
3.1.2.1 Moment 3:3.............................................................................................................................. 53
3.1.2.2 Shear 2:2...................................................................................................................................55
3.1.2.3 Axial force................................................................................................................................ 57
3.2 FRAME DESIGN.........................................................................................................................58
3.2.1 DESIGN BEAM...................................................................................................................58
3.2.1.1.4 DESIGN BEAM FOR SHEAR............................................................................................ 62
3.2.2 Column Design.....................................................................................................................66
4 Foundation Analysis and design……………………….…………………………………….78
5 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMAEDATION....................................................................................82
5.1 Conclusion....................................................................................................................................82
5.2 RECOMMAEDATION................................................................................................................83
5.3 Reference......................................................................................................................................84
viii
List of tables
Table 2-1 Effective Depth Determination.......................................................................................................................... 8
Table 2-2 Load Calculation................................................................................................................................................9
Table 2-3 Moment Calculation Table.............................................................................................................................. 10
Table 2-4 Reinforcement Provision Table....................................................................................................................... 16
Table 2-5 Transfer Dead Load And Live Load................................................................................................................ 18
Table 2-6 Effective Depth Determination........................................................................................................................ 20
Table 2-7 Load Calculation..............................................................................................................................................22
Table 2-8 Moment Calculation........................................................................................................................................ 23
Table 2-9 Reinforcement Provision Is Provided In The Following Table....................................................................... 29
Table 2-10 Transfer Dead Load And Live Load...............................................................................................................31
Table 2-11 Effective Depth Determination Is Shown In Following Table...................................................................... 33
Table 2-12 Load Calculation............................................................................................................................................35
Table 2-13 Moment Calculation...................................................................................................................................... 37
Table 2-14 Reinforcement Provision............................................................................................................................... 42
Table 2-15 Transfer Dead Load And Live Load...............................................................................................................44
ix
List Of Figure
Figure 2-1 Solid Roof Plan Layout.................................................................................................................................... 7

Figure 2-2 Loading For Slab Strip..................................................................................................................................... 8
Figure 2-3 Unadjusted Moment....................................................................................................................................... 10
Figure 2-4 Adjusted Moment........................................................................................................................................... 14
Figure 2-5 Reinforcement Detailing.................................................................................................................................17
Figure 2-6second Floor Plan Layout.................................................................................................................................19
Figure 2-7 Solid Slab Plan Layout................................................................................................................................... 20
Figure 2-8 Loading Type..................................................................................................................................................20
Figure 2-9 Unadjusted Moment....................................................................................................................................... 23
Figure 2-10 Adjusted Moment......................................................................................................................................... 26
Figure 2-11 Reinforcement Detailing...............................................................................................................................29
Figure 2-12 Load On Beam..............................................................................................................................................31
Figure 2-13 First Floor Plan............................................................................................................................................. 32
Figure 2-14 Solid Slab Panel Classification Lay Out.......................................................................................................33
Figure 2-15 Loading.........................................................................................................................................................35
Figure 2-16 Unadjusted Moment..................................................................................................................................... 37
Figure 2-17 Adjusted Moment......................................................................................................................................... 40
Figure 2-18 Solid Slab Reinforcement Detailing............................................................................................................. 43
Figure 2-20 Load Transferred To Beam...........................................................................................................................44
Figure 2-31 Plan Of Stair................................................................................................................................................. 45
Figure 2-32 Section Of The Stair..................................................................................................................................... 46
Figure 2-34 Shear Force Diagra....................................................................................................................................... 48
Figure 2-35 Bending Moment Diagram........................................................................................................................... 48
Figure 2-36 Stair Detailing...............................................................................................................................................50
Figure 3-1 Our Project Structure......................................................................................................................................51
Figure 3-2 Axis 1 Bending Moment Diagram..................................................................................................................53
Figure 3-3 Axis 3 Bending Moment Diagram..................................................................................................................54
Figure 3-5 Axis 3 Shear Force Diagram...........................................................................................................................55
Figure 3-6 Axis 1 Axial Force Diagram........................................................................................................................... 66
Figure 3-7 Axis 2 Axial Force Diagram........................................................................................................................... 57
Figure 3-8 Beam Layout.................................................................................................................................................. 58
Figure 3-10 Longitudinal Reinforcement Detailing………………………………………………………………………65
x
1 INRODUCTION
1.1 GENERAL OVERVIEW

Structural design is the methodical investigation of the stability, strength and rigidity of
structures. The basic objective in structural analysis and design is to produce a structure capable
of resisting all applied loads without failure during its intended life. The primary purpose of a
structure is to transmit or support loads. If the structure is improperly designed or fabricated, or if
the actual applied loads exceed the design specifications, the device will probably fail to perform
its intended function, with possible serious consequences. A well-engineered
1.1.1 Structural design process

A structural design project may be divided into three phases, i.e. planning, design and
construction
Planning: This phase involves consideration of the various requirements and factors affecting
the general layout and dimensions of the structure and results in the choice of one or perhaps
several alternative types of structure, which offer the best general solution. The primary
consideration is the function of the structure. Secondary considerations such as aesthetics,
sociology, law, economics and the environment may also be taken into account. In addition there
are structural and constructional requirements and limitations, which may affect the type of
structure to be designed
Design: This phase involves a detailed consideration of the alternative solutions defined in the
planning phase and results in the determination of the most suitable proportions, dimensions and
details of the structural elements and connections for constructing each alternative structural
arrangement being considered.
Construction: This phase involves mobilization of personnel; procurement of materials and

equipment, including their transportation to the site, and actual on-site erection. During this
phase, some redesign may be required if unforeseen difficulties occur, such as unavailability of
specified materials or foundation problems
1
1.1.2 Project description
The building is G+2 mixed Use building which consists at the ground floor Dining rooms, living
rooms at the first floor bedrooms and kitchen, at the second floor bed room, dining and living
room at the third floor kitchen, bed room, dining and living room.
1.1.3 Basic structural analysis

A building consists of two categories.
I) Sub-structure -is the lower portion of the building, usually located below the ground level,
which transmits loads of the super-structure to the supporting soil.
II) Superstructure- is that part of the structure which is above ground level, and which serves
the purpose of its intended use. Superstructure contains many structural components.
In this project we did the design of supper structure like:
A) Beam
B) Column
C) Slab
D) Staircase
A) Beam - is a horizontal structure member used to carry a vertical load, shear load. It is a major
component of building structures.
B) Column - is vertical structural member which are responsible for supporting.
C) Slab: - Slabs are the flooring systems of most structures. It is a two-dimensional structural
member, also called a surface element which transfers the loads to the beams or column. The
main functions of slabs are generally to carry gravity forces. The types of slab depend on support
condition, arrangement, and load transfer mechanism. Depending on support condition slabs can
be simply supported or continuous slabs. Depending on load transfer mechanism slabs can be
one way or two ways. Slabs may also be classified as; solid slabs with uniform/variable thickness,
flat slabs with a uniform thickness without edge beam and ribbed slab with ribs running in one
direction.
D) Staircase: - Stairs are set of steps leading from one floor to another and are provided in
buildings as a means of communication between floors.
2
1.1.4 Design Criteria of Buildings
To analyse or design a structure, it is necessary to establish criteria for determining whether a
given structure is acceptable for use in a specified circumstance.
The most important criteria are; Safety, Serviceability, Efficiency, Construction, Costs etc.
Safety: - implies the likelihood of partial or total collapse of the structure is acceptably low not
only under normally expected loads (service loads) but also under abnormal but probable
overloads (such as due to an earthquake or extreme wind).
Serviceability: -The structure must be able to carry the design load safely without excessive
material distress and with deformations within an acceptable range. This is achieved by using
safety factors in the design of the element. By altering the size, shape, and choice of material,
stresses in a structure can be maintained at safe levels and such that material distress (e.g.
cracking)does not occur.
Constructions: -Construction includes considerations such as the type of effort or human power
required to construct a given facility, the type and extent of equipment required, and the total
amount of time necessary to complete construction.
Costs: -is an influential factor in the choice of most structures. The cost criterion cannot be
separated from the criteria of efficiency and construction. The total cost of a structure depends
primarily on the amount and cost of material used, cost of labour required to construct the facility,
and the cost of equipment needed during construction. A highly efficient structure that is not
difficult to construct will probably be an economical one.
Durability:- The structure shall be designed such that deterioration over its design working life
does not impair the performance of the structure below that intended, having due regards to its
environment and the anticipated level of maintenance
1.1.5 Design Philosophies

Working stress method: - The conceptual basis of it is structural material behaves in a linear
elastic manner and that adequate safety can be ensured by suitably restricting the stresses in the
material induced by the expected working loads (service loads which mean unfactored loads) on
the structure. As the specified permissible (allowable) stresses are kept well below the material
strength (i.e., in the initial phase of the stress-strain curve), the assumption of linear
3
elastic behaviour is considered justifiable. The ratio of the strength of the material to the
permissible stress is often referred to as the factor of safety.
Ultimate strength (load) method: - In this method, the non-linear stress−strain curves of
concrete and steel are accounted and safety measure in the design is introduced by an appropriate
choice of the load factor, defined as the ratio of the ultimate load (design load) to the working
load. In this also it possible for different types of loads to be assigned different load factors under
combined loading conditions, thereby avoiding the shortcoming of WSM.
Limit state method: - aims for a comprehensive and rational solution to the design problem, by
considering safety at ultimate loads and serviceability at working loads. It uses a multiple safety
factor format which attempts to provide adequate safety at ultimate loads as well as adequate
serviceability at service loads, by considering all possible “limit states”.
Limit state design method: - method has developed from ultimate strength design method in
order to apply in service load and ultimate load condition.
Design of structure in limit state is made to achieve an acceptable probability that structure or
part of it will not become un lift for use for which it is intended during expected life.
There are two principal major types of limit state
1. Ultimate limit states :-( or limit states of collapse'): - which deal with strength, overturning,
sliding, buckling, fatigue fracture, etc.. It concerns safety of people and the structure.
2. Serviceability limit states: - Which deal with discomfort to occupancy or malfunction,

caused by excessive deflection, crack-width, vibration, leakage and loss of durability, etc. It
concerns the functioning of the structure or structural members under normal use, the comfort of
people and appearance of the construction work.
4
1.2 OBJECTIVE
 The project has a lot of aims/objectives these are
 To help the students in order to revise what have learned in time of studying.
 To work with the general concepts of designing methodology.
 It develops the habits of working together.
 To design a structure to fit to the environment it is constructed according to the given
manual.
5
2 SLAB DESIGN
2.1 SOLID ROOF DESIGN

2.1.1 Design data and material properties
Concrete
Class І workmanship and ordinary loading condition is used.
Class І work means, works carried out under the direction of

appropriate, qualified supervisors ensuring the attainment of level
or quality control.
Substructures
Concrete grade C20/25 class І, partial safety factor γc (ordinary
loading) Characteristic compressive strength, �ck
�ck=0.8ƒcu=
0.8*25=20M
Pa Design
compressive
strength, �c d
.0.85fck 0.85(20)
fcd = = =11.33MPa [EBCS EN 1992-1-1:2013, section 3 Table 3.1
rc 1.5
Strength and deformation characteristics for concrete]

Characteristic tensile strength, ƒctk
ƒctk =0.7* ƒctm [EBCS EN 1992-1-1:2013 EBCS-2, 1995, section 2.4, table 2.5]
Where:- ƒctm is the mean value calculated as fctm=0.3(fck)2/3) 0.3(20)2/3=2.2104MPa
Design tensile strength, ƒctd
Modulus of elasticity
Modulus of elasticity depends not only on the concrete but, also on the actual
properties of the aggregates used.
Ecm =30MPa [EBCS EN 1992-1-1:2013

EBCS-2, 1995, section 2.4, table 2.5]
fyd 434.8
m= = =47.99
0.8fcd 0.8(11.33)
6
Reinforcement steel
Steel grade S-500 and Partial safety factor γs=1.15
Characteristic tensile strength ƒyk=500MPa Design
strength for steel, ƒyd=434.82MPa
= fyk = 500
=434.82MPa
rs 1.15
Panel Classification
Figure 2-1 solid roof plan layout
7
Depth for deflection
According to ES EN 1992:2015; the limit state of deformation may be checked by either:
 by limiting the span/depth ratio, according to 7.4.2 or
 by comparing a calculated deflection, according to 7.4.3, with a limit value
If ρ ≤ρo… …...
if ρ>ρo….. …
17.71
F1=1.25
Defferentiate k from 7.4N of ES EN 1992:2015
L/d=N*K*F1*F2*F3=17.71*K*1.25*1*1=18.5K
L/D=18.5K
Table 2-1 Effective depth determination
Panel Ly Lx Ly Support Slab K d= D=d+c+θ/2
type (mm) (mm) Lx Condition system Lx
18.5k
1 3200 3000 1.3 End Span Two Way 1.3 125 145
2 3560 3000 1.2 End Span Two Way 1.3 125 145
4 3200 2600 1.3 End Span Two Way 1.3 129 129
5 3560 2600 1.37 End Span Two Way 1.3 95 115
The fore the governing is with d=125 Over all depth of slab
� = � + cover + ∅/2
Assume ቀ10 Main reinforcement
D=125+15+10/2=145mm
Provide D=150mm, duse=130mm
2.1.2 Loading
Sample calculation is shown below and the calculation is tabulated in the Table2.2.
The Dead Load are:
8
Figure 2-2 Loading for slab strip
Consists of the weight of structure itself and other permanent structure
Weight of RC slab = slab thickness ∗ unit weight
thickness ∗ length of span ∗ height ∗ unit weight of HCB
Partition load =
Area of span
Floor finish load = ceramic thickness ∗ unit weight

of ceramics Plastering= thickness ∗ unit weight
Live Load (LL)
Live loads for Roofs not accessible except for normal maintenance and repair qk= 1kN/m2 [ES-EN
1991-1-1:2015 table 6.10]
For panel - 1
Live load =1KN/m2 Dead load=

Self-weight=0.15m*25KN/m3=3.75KN/m2
Plastering=0.025m*23KN/m3=0.575KN/m2
Total dead load (TDL) = (3.75+0.575)=4.325
KN/m2
Pd=1.35DL+1.5LL
PD=1.35(4.325) +1.5(1) =7.34KN/m2
For pane -2
Live load =1KN/m2
Dead load=Self-weight=0.15m*25KN/m3=3.75KN/m2
Total dead load (TDL) = (3.75+0.575)=4.325 N/m2
Pd=1.35DL+1.5LL(EBCS 2 1991: 2015)
PD=1.35(4.325) +1.5(1) =7.34KN/m2
Table 2-2 Load calculation
9
Panel Load type Unit weight Depth Self- Total dead Live load Design
number (KN/m3) /thickness weight load (KN/m2) load
(m) (KN/m2) (KN/m2) (KN/m2)
Concrete 25 0.15 3.75
3 Plastering 23 0.025 0.575 4.325 1 7.34
4 Plastering 23 0.025 0.575 4.325
Concrete 24 0.15 3.75 1 7.34
5 Plastering 23 0.025 0.575 4.325
Concrete 24 0.15 3.75 1 7.34
2.1.3 Roof Slab Moment Calculation

Sample calculation
the load is taken from above table
Pd =7.34 KN/m2
Panel one sample moment calculation
the support condition of panel one is type two with dimension of Lx=3m and
Ly =3.2m and the load is taken from above table 2.2
The formula for moment calculation by using coefficient method
M xs   i pd 2
Lx
Panel type and moment calculation is done as follows
by interpolation from ES EN 1992 TABLE

 xs  0.047 M xs KN.m
Pd  7.34KN / m 
xf  0.036 M xf  2.4KN.m
Lyy 

 1.07    0.0470 M ys  3.1KN.m
 ys
Lx
l M yf 2.4KN.m
 yf 0.0360
e
10
Table 2-3Moment calculation
Panel Support Lx Ly Slab Pd Mi= αi Pd*lx2
Type Condtion (m) Lx System αi (KN/m
2)
2 1.2 Two Way αxs 0.056 Mxs 3.7

αxf 0.042 Mxf 2.7
3
αys 0.039 Mys 2.6
7.34
αyf 0.030 Myf 2
3 one Way 7.34 Msupport 0.6
=(pdLx2)/12
0.99 Mspan 0.3
=(pdLx2)/24
2.6 1.3 αxs 0.064 Mxs 3.2
4 αxf 0.048 7.34 Mxf 2.4
αys 0.047 Mys 2.3
αyf 0.036 Myf 1.8
5 1.37 Two Way αxs 0.072 Mxs 3.6
αxf 0.053 Mxf 2.6
3.56 αys 0.047 7.34 Mys 2.3
αyf 0.036 Myf 1.8
1.4 MOMENT ADJUSTEMENT
2.1.4.1 Support moment adjustment

• There are two alternatives:-
When ∆�� ≤ 0.2�� →averaging
∆�� > 0.2�� →moment distribution
Between P-1 and P-2
M1=3.1KN.m, M2=2.6KN.m
∆M12 =3.1-2.6=0.5<0.2*3.1=0.62
1
Madj=2(3.1+2.6)=2.85KN.m
Between P-2 and P-3
M2=2.6KN.m, M3=0.6KN.m Between P-2 and P-5
∆M12 =2.6-0.6=0.5<0.2*2.6=0.52 M2=3.7, M5=3.6
1
1
Madj=2.6- 1
0.99
1 (2)=2.16 Madj=2(3.7+3.6)=3.65
+
0.99 3.56
Between P-4 and P-5

M4=2.3 M5=2.3 Madj=2.3
Between P-1 and P-4
∆Ms=3.2-3.1=0.1< 0.2 ∗ 3.2 = 0.64
1
Madj=2(3.1+3.2)=3.15KN.m
11
Field moment adjustment
If the support moment is increased, no adjustment shall be made to the span moments. If the
support moment is decreased, the span moment Mxf and Myf are then increased to allow for the
changes of support moment.
Mxfad=Mxf+Cx*(
Mred-Ms)
Myfad=Myf+Cy*(
Mred-Ms)
Where Cx and Cy are coefficient for adjusting span moment
FOR SLAB-1(ADJUSTED TO P-2 and P-4)
ΔMXS= MXS (before) - MXS
(adjusted) ΔMXY= MXY (before)
- MXY (adjusted)
��
��
=1.07, Cx=0.365 and CY=0.238
Cx=0.311 and Cy=0.371
ΔMXS=3.15-3.1=0.05KN.m
ΔMXY=3.1-2.85=0.25KN.m
Therefore moment increment for each field moment will be:
ΔMXf=CxΔMXS+ Cx ΔMyS
ΔMyf=CyΔMXS+ CyΔMyS
ΔMXf=0.05*0.356+0.311*0.25=0.091KN.m
ΔMyf=0.371*0.05+0.238*0.25=0.06KN.m
The final value of adjusted field
moment Mxf (ad) =Mxf+ ΔMXf
Mxf (ad) = 2.4+0.091=2.5KN.m
Myf (ad) =Myf+ ΔMyf
12
Myf (ad) = 2.4+0.06=2.5KN.m
FOR SLAB-2(ADJUSTED TO P-3 and P-5)
ΔMXS= MXS (before) - MXS (adjusted)
ΔMXY= MXY (before) - MXY (adjusted)
��
��
=1.2 Cx=0.344 and Cy=0.364
Cx=0.338, Cy=0.172
ΔMXS=2.6-2.16=0.44KN.m
ΔMXY=3.7-3.65=0.05KN.m
Therefore moment increment for each field

moment will be: ΔMXf=CxΔMXS+ Cx ΔMyS
ΔMyf=CyΔMXS+ CyΔMyS
ΔMXf=0.338*0.44+0.344*0.05=0.
2KN.m
ΔMyf=0.172*0.44+0.364*0.05=0.
12KN.m
The final value of adjusted field moment
Mxf (ad) =Mxf+ ΔMXf Mxf (ad)= 2+0.2=2.2KN.m
Myf (ad)=Myf+ ΔMyf Myf (ad) =2.7+0.12=2.82KN.m
For slab-4(Adjustment to slab -1 and slab-5)
��
��
=1.23 Cx=0.346 and CY=0.365
Cx=0.336, cy= 0.170

ΔMXS=2.3-2.3=0KN.m
ΔMXY=3.2-3.2=0KN.m
Mxfad=1.8KN.m
13
Myfad==2.4KN.m
ADJUSTED MOMENT
Figure 2-4 Adjusted moment

2.1.5 Check depth for flexure
Mdmax=3.65KN.m=3.65×106Nmm
b=1m=1000mm
MdMAX
dmin= 0.2942 * d * fcd
3.65×106�� =33.1mm≤dused=130m
dmin=√
0.2942×1000×11.33N/��2
2.1.6 REINFORCEMENT
Effective depth
Assuming ∅10 main reinforcement is used in both direction
SHORTER SPAN
d=D-(cc+ ቀ)=150-(15+ 10)=130mm

2 2
LONGER SPAN
3ϕ
d = D − (cover + ) =150-(15+3∗ 10) =120mm
2 2
Minimum and Maximum code provision
14
2.2104 = 0.00144
ρmin = 0.26 ∗ �� =0.00144≥0.0013---OKⵑⵑ
400
As(secondary) ≥0.2 As principal in one slab

3ℎ
Smax = { for principal reinforcement
400
�max = {3ℎ = 3 ∗ 150 = 450
400
Smax≥400
3.5ℎ
Smax = { for secondary reinforcement
450
Smax = {3.5ℎ = 3.5 ∗ 150 = 525

450
Smax≥450
As (max) =0.04Ac=0.04*180*1000=7200mm2
1.25 2∗��
�= ∗ (1 − √(1 − )
M bd2
15
Table 2-4 Reinforcement provision table
pan
mome KN. Zprov(mm Acalc(mm Aprov(m Spro no
el nt m k Zcacl(mm) ) 2) m2) Scalc v bar no of bar a
0.0099 123.89626 57.733139 525.36474 0.73545401 78
1 Mxs(F) 3.1 2 41 123.5 92 149.42 37 400 1 2 .5
0.0100 123.87829 123.87829 58.485170 525.36474 0.74503402 78
Mxs© 3.15 8 93 93 62 149.42 37 400 1 1 .5
0.0099 123.89626 123.89626 57.548488 525.36474 0.73310176 78
MYs(F) 3.1 2 41 41 89 149.42 37 400 1 9 .5
0.0091 123.98600 123.98600 52.869185 525.36474 0.67349280 78
Mys(C) 2.85 2 96 96 42 149.42 37 400 1 8 .5
124.11143 124.11143 46.329611 525.36474 0.59018613 78
Mxf 2.5 0.008 36 36 49 149.42 37 400 1 4 .5
124.11143 46.558983 525.36474 0.59310807 78
Myf 2.5 0.008 36 123.5 81 149.42 37 400 1 4 .5
0.0118 123.68033 123.68033 68.806822 525.36474 0.87652003 78
2 Mxs(F) 3.7 4 79 79 51 149.42 37 400 1 2 .5
0.0116 123.69836 123.69836 67.867110 525.36474 0.86454918 78
Mxs© 3.65 8 09 09 85 149.42 37 400 1 3 .5
0.0091 123.98600 123.98600 52.869185 525.36474 0.67349280 78
Mys(C) 2.85 2 96 96 42 149.42 37 400 1 8 .5
0.0070 124.21873 40.971905 525.36474 0.52193510 78
Mxf 2.2 4 7 123.5 75 149.42 37 400 1 5 .5
0.0090 123.99677 123.68033 52.441956 525.36474 0.66805040 78
Myf 2.82 24 02 79 62 149.42 37 400 1 3 .5
0.0019 124.78790 123.69836 11.156237 525.36474 0.14211767 78
3 Mxs(F) 0.6 2 01 09 4 149.42 37 400 1 4 .5
123.39124 123.39124 83.880036 525.36474 1.06853549 78
Mxs© 4.5 0.0144 53 53 04 149.42 37 400 1 1 .5
0.0009 124.89404 123.68033 5.5789315 525.36474 0.07106919 78
Mxf 0.3 6 02 79 55 149.42 37 400 1 2 .5
0.0100 123.87829 123.39124 58.716025 525.36474 0.74797484 78
4 Mxs(F) 3.15 8 93 53 23 149.42 37 400 1 4 .5
0.0102 123.86032 123.86032 59.422126 525.36474 0.75696976 78
Mxs© 3.2 4 92 92 58 149.42 37 400 1 5 .5
0.0073 42.834265 525.36474 0.54565942 78
MYs(F) 2.3 6 124.18299 123.5 1 149.42 37 400 1 8 .5
0.0073 123.68033 42.771808 525.36474 0.54486380 78
Mys(C) 2.3 6 124.18299 79 59 149.42 37 400 1 4 .5
0.0076 124.14722 123.69836 44.624949 525.36474 0.56847069 78
Mxf 2.4 8 22 09 6 149.42 37 400 1 6 .5
0.0057 124.36151 123.39124 33.552014 525.36474 0.42741419 78
Myf 1.8 6 87 53 42 149.42 37 400 1 6 .5
0.0073 123.86032 42.709653 525.36474 0.54407201 78
5 Mxs(F) 2.3 6 124.18299 92 48 149.42 37 400 1 9 .5
Mxs© 2.3 0.0073 124.18299 123.5 42.834265 149.42 525.36474 400 1 0.54565942 78
16
6 1 37 8 .5
7
0.0115 123.71637 123.68033 66.947178 525.36474 0.85283030 8.
MYs(F) 3.6 2 85 79 66 149.42 37 400 1 1 5
7
0.0116 123.69836 123.69836 67.867110 525.36474 0.86454918 8.
Mys(C) 3.65 8 09 09 85 149.42 37 400 1 3 5
7
0.0083 124.07562 123.39124 48.464020 525.36474 0.61737606 8.
Mxf 2.6 2 42 53 83 149.42 37 400 1 1 5
7
0.0057 124.36151 123.86032 33.424946 525.36474 0.42579549 8.
Myf 1.8 6 87 92 2 149.42 37 400 1 3 5
Figure 2-5 Reinforcement detailing
17
2.1.7 Load transfer to beam
Sample calculation
Slab type and load calculation is done as follows
SLAB 1
VI  i pd Lx
DEADLOAD LIVE LOAD TRANSFER

DL  5.27KN / m2   xc  0.43 Vxc  11.46 KN/m Vxc  0.77 KN/m
  0.00
LL  0.5  xd Vxd  0 KN/m Vxd  0 KN/m
 DL  LL 
Ly    0.36 V yc  9.59KN / m V yc  0.72KN / m
 1.26  yc
Lx  yd  0.24 V yd  6.39KN/m V yd  0.48KN/m
Table 2-5 Transfer Dead Load and Live load

Pan el Support Lx Ly Slab Coefient (αi) DL LL coeffie TDL TLL
Typ e Condtion m) Lx system (KN/m2 (KN/ nt
(m)
) m2)
1 1.07 Two Bvxc 0.42 4.325 Vxc 5.5 1.82
Way Bvxd 0.29 Vxd 3.8 1.25
Bvyc 0.4 1 Vyc 5.2 1.7
3 Bvyd 0.26 Vyd 3.4 1.1
2 1.2 Two Bvxc 4.325 Vxc 5.7 1.9
0.44
Way
Bvxd Vxd 3.8 1.3
3 0.29
Bvyc 0.36 Vyc 4.7 1.6
1
Bvyd - Vyd - -
3 0.99 3 Two Pdlx/2 4.35 2.2 0.5
1
Way
4 2.6 1.3 Two Bvxc 0.48 4.35 Vxc 5.5 1.3
Bvxd 0.32 Vxd 3.62 0.8
Way
Bvyc 0.4 Vyc 4.5 1
Bvyd 0.2 1 Vyd 2.3 0.52
5 1.37 Two Bvxc 0.51 4.35 Vxc 5.8 1.3
Way Bvxd 0.337 Vxd 3.8 0.9
Bvyc 0.40 Vyc 4.5 1
2.6 1
Bvyd 0.2 Vyd 2.3 0.5
18
DEADLOAD TRANSFER TO BEAM
LIVELOAD TRANSFER TO BEAM
19
2.2 Second FLOOR PLAN
Figure 2-6 second floor plan layout

2.2.1 Design Constant
C20/25 fCK=20MPa
S-400 fYK=500MPa
m=fyd/0.8fcd= 434.74/00.8(11.33)=47.98
.0.85fck 0.85(20)
fcd = = =11.33MPa
rc 1.5
fctm=0.3(fck)2/3) = 0.3(20)2/3=2.2104MPa
fyd = fyk = 400

=347.82MPa
rs 1.15
20
2.2.2 Panel Classification
Figure 2-7 solid slab plan layout

2.2.3 Depth for deflection
Table 2-6 Effective depth determination

18.5k
1 3200 3000 1.3 End Span Two Way 1.3 125 145
2 3560 3000 1.2 End Span Two Way 1.3 125 145
4 3200 2600 1.3 End Span Two Way 1.3 109 129
5 3200 2280 End Span Two Way 1.3 95 115
6 3560 2280 End Span Two Way 1.3 95 115
The fore the governing is p-1 with d=125 Over all depth of slab
� = � + cover + ∅/2
Assume ቀ12 Main reinforcement D=125+15+10/2=174mm
21
Loading
The Dead Load are:
Figure 2-8 loading type
For slab 1
Self-weight=0.15m*25KN/m3=3.75KN/m2 pvc
load=0.02m*16KN/m3=0.32KN/m2
Total dead load (DDT)=5.8KN/m2
Lived Load=in category A listed area for residential use is 1.5-2KN/m2
Live loads imposed loads are usually provided in codes for different building classes. will be:
qk=2KN/m2.………………………… [ES-EN 1991-1-1:2015 table 6.2]
Pd=1.35DL+1.5LL
PD=1.35(5.8)+1.5(2)=10.84KN/m2
Partition load = thickness ∗ length ∗ height ∗ unit weight of HCB/area of panel
Floor finish load = ceramic thickness ∗ unit weight of ceramics
Plastering= thickness ∗ unit weight
Panel Load type Unit weight Depth Self- Total dead Live load Design
number (KN/m3) /thickness weight load (KN/m2) load
(m) (KN/m2) (KN/m2) (KN/m2)
Partition wall 2.443
2 Pvc Floor 16 0.02 0.32
finish 8.24
concrete 25 0.15 3.75 2 14.13
Plastering 23 0.025 0.575
3 Pvc Floor 16 0.02 0.32
finish
concrete 25 0.15 3.75 5.8 2 10.84
Cement screed 23 0.05 1.15
4 Pvc Floor 16 0.02 0.32
finish
22
concrete 25 0.15 3.75 5.8 2 10.84
5 terrace Floor 27 0.03 0.81 11.51
finish
concrete 25 0.15 3.75 6.31 2
6 terrace Floor 27 0.03 0.81 11.51
finish
concrete 25 0.15 3.75 6.31 2
2.2.4 Solid Slab Moment Calculation
Sample calculation
Panel one sample moment calculation
The support condition of panel one is type two with dimension of Lx=3m and Ly =3.2m and
the load is taken from above table 2.2
M xs   i pd L2x
 xs  0.0470 M xs  4.6KN.m
2 
Pd  10.84KN / m xf  0.0336 M xf  3.51KN.m
Lyy 

 1.07   0.047 M ys KN.m
 ys
Lx
yf  0.036 M yf KN.m
23
Table 2-8 Moment Calculation in Tabular Form
Panel Support Lx Ly Slab Pd (KN/ Mi= αi Pd*lx2

Type Condtion (mm) Lx system αi m2)
(mm)
2 1.2 Two Way αxs 0 Mxs 0
αxf 0.056 Mxf 7.12
3
αys 0.043 Mys 5.47
14.13
αyf 0.034 Myf 4.32
3 1.26 ONE Way Msupport=10.84 Ms=
*0.992/12 0.89
0.99 10.84
Mspan=10.84*0. Ms=0.443
992/24
4 1.26 Two Way αxs 0.055 Mxs 4.03

αxf 0.041 Mxf 3
2.6 αys 0 10.84 Mys
αyf 0.034 Myf 2.5
5 1.4 Two Way αxs 0.074 Mxs 4.43
αxf 0.055 Mxf 3.3
2.28 11.51
αys 0.047 Mys 2.81
αyf 0.036 Myf 2.15

6 1.56 Two Way αxs 0 11.51 Mxs
αxf 0.087 Mxf 5.2
αys 0.058 Mys 3.47
2.28 αyf 0.044 Myf 2.63
2.2.5 MOMENT ADJUSTEMENT
2.2.5.1 SUPPORT MOMENT ADJUSTEMENT

There are two alternatives:- When ∆�� ≤ 0.2��,��
→The average of initial moments may be used.

When ∆�� ≥ 0.2��,��
→Apply moment distribution only to adjacent spans

Between p 1 and p-2
∆Ms=5.47-4.6=0.87<1.1
Ms=1(5.47+4.6)=5.04KN.m
2
Between p 2 and p 3
∆Ms=5.47-0.89=4.58≥1.1
24
1
Madj= 5.47- 0 . 99
*4.58
1 1

3 . 56 0 . 99
Madj=4.5kn.m
Between p-5 and p-6
∆Ms=3.47-2.81=0.65<0.694
Ms=1(3.47+2.81)=3.11KN.m
2
Between p 1 and 4
∆Ms=4.6-4.03=0.57<0.92
Ms=1(4.6+4.03)=4.32KN.m
2
Between p-4 and p-5

∆Ms=4.443-4.03=0.89<0.89
Ms=1(4.43+4.03)=4.23KN.m
2
2.2.5.2 FIELD MOMENT ADJUSTEMENT

If the support moment is increased, no adjustment shall be made to the span moments.
If the support moment is decreased, the span moment moment Mxf and Myf are then
increased to allow for the changes of support moment.
Mxfad=Mxf+Cx*(Mred-Ms)
Myfad=Myf+Cy*(Mred-Ms)
for SLAB-1(ADJUSTED TO P-2)
Ly/Lx=1.07
To calculate factor for adjusted span moment by interpolation Cx=0.311 and Cy=0371
at Mxs side and cx=0.352 and cy=0.217 at mys side
Mxfad=3.51+0.311*(4.6-4.32)+0.352(4.6-4.32)=3.6KN.m
Myfad=3.51+0.371*(0.28)+0.215(0.28)=3.614KN.m
25
FOR SLAB-2(ADJUSTED TOP-3)
Ly/Lx=1.2
To calculate factor for adjusted span moment Cx=0.338 and Cy=0.172
Mxfad=7.12+0.338*(5.5-4.5)=7.54KN.m
Myfad=4.3+0.172*(5.5-4.5)= 4.53KN.m
FOR SLAB-4(ADJUSTED TOP-5)
ΔMXS= MXS (before) -
MXS (adjusted) ΔMXY=
MXY (before) - MXY
(adjusted)
Ly/Lx=1.23
Mxfad=3+0.346*(4.03-4.22)=2.9KN.m
Myfad=2.5+0.365*(4.03-4.22)= 2.5KN.m
FOR SLAB-5(ADJUSTED TO P-6)
Ly/Lx=1.4
To calculate factor for adjusted span moment by interpolation
Cx=0.398 and Cy=0.331 Mxfad=3.3+0.398*(4.43-4.23)=3.361KN.m
Myfad=2.15+0.331*(4.43-4.23)=2.17KN.m
FOR SLAB-6(ADJUSTED TO S-5)
.
Ly/Lx=1.56
26
Cx=0.423 and Cy=0.309 Mxfad=5.2+0.423 *(3.47-3.11)=5.35KN.m
Myfad=3.4+0.309*(3.47-3.11)= 3.58KN.m
ADJUSTED MOMENT
Figure 2-10 adjusted moment

Mdmax=7.54KN=7.54×106Nmm
b=1m=1000mm
MdMAX
dmin= 0.2942 * d * fcd
7.54×106��
dmin= √ =48.3mm≤dused=130mm
0.2942×1000×11.33N/��2
2.2.7 REINFORCEMENT
Effective depth

SHORTER SPAN
d=D-(cc+ ቀ)=150-(15+ 10)=130mm

2 2
27
LONGER SPAN
d=D-(cc+ 3ቀ)=150-(15+3∗ 10)=120mm

2 2
Minimum and Maximum code provision

�� =0.26( 2.2104)=0.00144 �� =0.00144≥0.0013---OKⵑⵑ
400
A secondary≥0.2 As principal in one slab

Smax = 3ℎ for principal reinforcement
400
Smax {3ℎ = 3 ∗ 150 = 450
400
Smax≥400
3.5ℎ
Smax = 450 for secondary reinforcement
Smax 3.5ℎ = 3.5 ∗ 150 = 525
28
= {450
Smax≥450
Asmax=0.04Ac=0.04*150*1000=6000mm2
Asmin=0.26(2.21/500)*1000*130=149.7mm2
2∗�� 1.25
�= (1 − √(1 − ) *
bd fcd
2
m
n
o
pan mom KN. Zprov(m Acalc(mm Aprov(m Spr b
el ent m k Zcacl(mm) m) 2) m2) Scalc ov ar no of bar a
Mxs( 123.3550 123.3550 85.76922 525.3647 1.092601 78.
1 F) 4.6 0.01472 121 121 25 149.42 437 400 2 56 5
Mxs 0.01382 123.4564 123.4564 80.48233 525.3647 1.025252 78.
© 4.32 4 107 107 027 149.42 437 400 2 615 5
MYs( 123.3550 123.3550 85.76922 525.3647 1.092601 78.
F) 4.6 0.01472 121 121 25 149.42 437 400 2 56 5
Mys( 0.01612 123.1953 123.1953 94.09504 525.3647 1.198662 78.
C) 5.04 8 293 293 092 149.42 437 400 2 942 5
123.7163 123.7163 66.92767 525.3647 0.852581 78.
Mxf 3.6 0.01152 785 785 586 149.42 437 400 1 858 5
3.61 0.01156 123.7113 123.3550 67.38477 525.3647 0.858404 78.
Myf 4 48 341 121 611 149.42 437 400 1 791 5
2 Mys( 0.01612 123.1953 123.1953 94.09504 525.3647 1.198662 78.
C) 5.04 8 293 293 092 149.42 437 400 2 942 5
0.02412 122.2799 122.2799 141.8229 525.3647 1.806661 78.
Mxf 7.54 8 444 444 632 149.42 437 400 2 952 5
0.01449 123.3803 123.3803 84.44667 525.3647 1.075753 78.
Myf 4.53 6 776 776 392 149.42 437 400 2 808 5
Mxs( 0.00284 124.6851 123.3550 525.3647 0.211394 78.
3 F) 0.89 8 258 121 16.59448 149.42 437 400 1 65 5
Mxs 123.3912 123.1953 84.01342 525.3647 1.070234 78.
© 4.5 0.0144 453 293 939 149.42 437 400 2 769 5
0.44 0.00141 124.8434 123.3803 8.258250 525.3647 0.105200 78.
Mxf 3 76 693 776 893 149.42 437 400 1 648 5
Mxs 0.01382 123.4564 123.1953 80.65289 525.3647 1.027425 78.
4 © 4.32 4 107 293 222 149.42 437 400 2 379 5
123.9321 123.3550 55.93644 525.3647 0.712566 78.
Mxf 3 0.0096 781 121 945 149.42 437 400 1 235 5
124.1114 123.1953 46.67412 525.3647 0.594574 78.
Myf 2.5 0.008 336 293 744 149.42 437 400 1 872 5
5 Mxs( 4.41 0.01411 123.4238 123.1953 82.33316 149.42 525.3647 400 2 1.048830 78.
29
F) 2 367 293 08 437 074 5
Mxs 0.01353 123.4889 122.2799 79.56381 525.3647 1.013551 78.
© 4.23 6 672 444 092 149.42 437 400 2 732 5
MYs( 0.00899 124.0003 123.3803 52.38303 525.3647 0.667299 78.
F) 2.81 2 567 776 614 149.42 437 400 1 823 5
Mys( 0.00995 123.8926 123.3550 57.98745 525.3647 0.738693 78.
C) 3.11 2 716 121 26 149.42 437 400 1 664 5
3.36 0.01076 123.8017 123.1953 62.78603 525.3647 0.799822 78.
Mxf 3 16 101 293 623 149.42 437 400 1 118 5
0.00694 124.2294 123.1953 40.51314 525.3647 0.516090 78.
Myf 2.17 4 571 293 262 149.42 437 400 1 989 5
MYs( 0.01110 123.7631 123.3550 64.69982 525.3647 0.824201 78.
6 F) 3.47 4 996 121 653 149.42 437 400 2 612 5
Mys( 0.00995 123.8926 123.1953 58.06261 525.3647 0.739651 78.
C) 3.11 2 716 293 454 149.42 437 400 1 141 5
123.0825 123.0825 99.97413 525.3647 1.273555 78.
Mxf 5.35 0.01712 728 728 567 149.42 437 400 2 868 5
0.01145 123.7235 122.2799 67.33769 525.3647 0.857805 78.
Myf 3.58 6 841 444 341 149.42 437 400 1 012 5
Table 2-9 Reinforcement provision
SOLID SLAB REINFORCEMENT DETAILING
Figure 2-11 Reinforcement detailing
30
2.2.8 Load transfer to Beam
Sample calculation Panel One
VI  i pd Lx
PANEL TYPE AND LOAD CALCULATION IS DONE AS FOLLOWS

  xc  0.43

 xd  0.00

  yc  0.36
 yd  0.24
DL  5.274KN / m2
LL  3
Ly
 1.26
Lx
Vxc  9.49 KN/m Vxc  5.16 KN/m
Vxd  0 KN/m
DL  LL  Vxd  0 KN/m
V yc  7.59KN / m Vyc  4.32KN / m
V yd  5.06KN/m V yd  2.88KN/m
Panel Support Lx Ly Slab αi DL LL coeffici TDL TLL

Type Condtio (m Lx system (KN/m2 (KN/ ent
n m) (mm) ) m2)
1 Two Way βvxc 0.42 5.8 2 Vxc 7.3 2.5
βvxd 0.29 Vxd 5.1 1.7
3 1.07 βvyc 0.4 Vyc 6.9 2.4
βvyd 0.26 Vyd 4.5 1.56
2 βvxc 0 8.24 2 Vxc 0 0

3 1.2 Two Way βvxd 0.33 Vxd 8.2 2
βvyc 0.4 Vyc 9.9 2.4
βvyd 0 Vyd 0 0
3 5.8 2 Vx 2.9 1
one Way Vxd
0.99 Vyc
Vyd
4 βvxc 0.438 5.8 2 Vxc 6.6 2.3
1.23 Two Way βvxd 0 Vxd
2.6 βvyc 0 Vyc
βvyd 0.26 Vyd 3.9 1.4
5 βvxc 0.54 6.3 2 Vxc 7.8 2.5
1.4 Two Way βvxd 0.35 Vxd 5 1.6
2.28 βvyc 0.34 Vyc 5.75 1.85
βvyd 0.26 Vyd 3.7 1.2
6 βvxc 0 6.3 2 Vxc 0 0
1.56 Two Way βvxd 0.43 Vxd 6.2 1.96
2.28 βvyc 0.45 Vyc 6.5 2.1
βvyd 0.3 Vyd 4.3 1.4
Table 2-10 TRANSFER DEAD LOAD AND LIVE LOAD
31
2.4.10 LOAD ON BEAM
LIVE LOAD ON BEAM
DEAD LOAD ON BEAM
Figure 2-12 load transfer on beam
32
2.3 FIRST FLOOR PLAN
Figure 2-13 First floor plan
2.3.1 Design Constant

C20/25 fCK=20MPa
S-400 fYK=500MPa
.0.85fck 0.85(20)
fcd = = =11.33MPa
rc 1.5
fctm=0.3(fck)2/3) = 0.3(20)2/3=2.2104MPa
fyd = fyk = 500

=434.34MPa
rs 1.15
33
fyd 434.34 =47.9
m= =
0.8fcd 0.8(11.33)
2.3.2 PANEL CLASSIFICATION
Figure 2-14 solid slab panel classification lay out
34
2.3.3 Depth for deflection
Table 2-11 Effective depth determination is shown in following table
18.5k
1 3200 3000 1.3 End Span Two Way 1.3 125 145
2 3560 3000 1.2 End Span Two Way 1.3 125 145
4 3200 2600 1.3 End Span Two Way 1.3 109 129
5 3200 2280 End Span Two Way 1.3 95 115
6 3560 2280 End Span Two Way 1.3 95 115
C 3200 2000 0.4 84
The fore the governing is with d=125 Over all depth of slab
� = � + cover + ∅/2
Assume ቀ12 Main reinforcement
D=125+15+10/2=145mm
2.3.4 Loading
The Dead Load are
Figure 2-15 loading

Partition load = thickness ∗ length ∗ height ∗ unit weight of HCB/area of panel
Floor finish load = Terrazo ∗ unit weight of ceramics
Plastering= thickness ∗ unit weight
Live Load
The live load are given at ESEN for mixed use
Live Load Residential =2KN/m2
2.3.4.1 Sample calculation
35
For panel 1
Self-weight=0.15m*25KN/m^3=3.75KN/m^2
terrazo load=0.03m*27KN/m^3=0.81KN/m^2
Plastering=0.025m*23KN/m^3=0.575KN/m^2
Partition load= (2.26+0.6)*0.15*23*2.75)/(3.2*3)

=2.83KN/m^2
Total dead load (DDT)=9.12KN/m^2
Residential Live Load=2KN/m^2…………ESEN 142 Page13
Pd1=1.35DL+1.5LL
PD=1.35(9.12)+1.5(2)=15.31KN/m^2
Forpanel 2
Self-weight=0.15m*25KN/m^3=3.75KN/m^2
pvc tile=0.02m*16KN/m^3=0.32KN/m^2
Plastering=0.025m*23KN/m^3=0.575KN/m^2
Partition load= (1.5+0.9)*0.15*23*2.75)/(3.2*3)
=2.443KN/m^2
Total dead load (DDT)=8.24KN/m^2
Residential Load Load=2KN/m^2 Pd=1.35DL+1.5LL
PD=1.35(8.24)+1.5(2)=14.13KN/m^2
Panel Load type Unit Depth Self- Total dead Live Design
number weight /thickness weight load load load
(KN/m3) (m) (KN/m2) (KN/m )2
(KN/m ) (KN/m2)
2
3 Pvc Floor 16 0.02 0.32

finish
concrete 25 0.15 3.75 5.8 2 10.84
4 Pvc Floor 16 0.02 0.32
finish
concrete 25 0.15 3.75 5.8 2 10.84
36
5 Pvc Floor 16 0.02 0.32
finish
concrete 25 0.15 3.75 5.8 2 10.84
6 pvc Floor 16 0.02 0.32 7.275
finish
concrete 25 0.15 3.75 2 14.826
Partition 1.48
C1 pvc Floor 16 0.02 0.32

finish
concrete 25 0.15 3.75 8.7 2 14.9
Partition 2.28
C2 pvc Floor 16 0.02 0.32 16.66

finish
concrete 25 0.15 3.75 2 25.5
Partition 10.86
37
2.3.5 Solid slab Moment Calculation
Sample calculation
Cantilever one moment calculation the load is taken from above table
pd =14.9KN/m2
��2 14.9∗(2)2
Mi= = = 29.8KN.m
2 2
Panel one sample moment calculation the support condition of panel one is type two with dimension of
Lx=3m and Ly =3.2m and the load is taken from above table 2.2
M xs  i pd L2x
 xs  0.0470 M xs  6.5KN.m

Pd  15.31KN / mLxf  0.0336 M xf  4.96KN.m
Ly 
 1.07   ys  0.047 M ys  6.5KN.m
Lx 
M yf 4.96KN.m
yf 0.036
38
Table 2-13 Moment calculation
Panel Support Lx Ly Slab Pd Mi= αi

Type Condtion (mm) Lx system αi (KN/m2) Pd*lx^2
(mm)
c2 2 25.5 Msup 51
2 3 1.2 Two Way αxs - 14.13 Mxs -

αxf 0.056 Mxf 7.12
αys 0.043 Mys 5.5
αyf 0.034 Myf 4.3
3 3.03 0ne Way MSupport=(pdlx2)/12 10.84 Ms=0.89
0.99
Mspan=(pdlx2)/24 Ms=0.443
4 1.23 Two Way αxs 0.055 10.84 Mxs 4.03

αxf 0.042 Mxf 3
2.6 αys - Mys -
αyf 0.034 Myf 2.5
5 1.4 Two Way αxs 0.055 10.84 Mxs 3.1
αxf 0.041 Mxf 2.32
2.28 αys 0.039 Mys 2.2
αyf 0.029 Myf 1.64
6 1.56 Two Way αxs - 14.826 Mxs -
αxf 0.087 Mxf 6.7
2.28 αys 0.058 Mys 4.47
αyf 0.044 Myf 3.4
2.3.6 MOMENT ADJUSTEMENT
2.3.6.1 SUPPORT MOMENT ADJUSTEMENT

• There are two alternative:-
• When ∆�� ≤ 0.2��,��
→The average of initial moments may be used.

When ∆�� ≥ 0.2��,��
→Apply moment distribution only to adjacent spans

Between P-4 and C
Since the adjustment is b/n two way and cantilever slab. The maximum of the value
will be taken.
Ms=21KN.m
39
Between P-1 and P-2 Between P-1 and P-4
∆Ms=6.5-5.5=0.15<1.1 =20% of max moment ∆Ms=6.5-4.03=2.37>1.3
Madj=1/2(6.5+5.5)=6 KN.m Madj=6.5-1/2(6.5+4.04)=5.3KN.m
Between P-2 and P-3 Between P-4 and P-5

∆Ms=5.5-0.89=4.6>1.1 ∆Ms=4.03-3.1=0.93>0.86
1
Madj= 5.5- 0 . 99
*4.61 Madj=3.6KN,m
1 1

3 . 56 0 . 99
1.01
Madj= 9.73 − ×4.61= 4.5��. �
0.28+1.01
Between p-5 and c
Madj=18,2KN,m
40
2.3.7 FIELD MOMENT ADJUSTEMENT
If the support moment is increased, no adjustment shall be made to the span moments. If the
support moment is decreased, the span moment moment Mxf and Myf are then increased to
allow for the changes of support moment.
Mxfad=Mxf+Cx*(Mred-Ms)
Myfad=Myf+Cy*(Mred-Ms)
Where Cx and Cy are coefficient for adjusting span moment
Ly/Lx=1.07
To calculate factor for adjusted span moment by interpolation Cx=0.311 and

Cy=0371 Mxfad=4.96+0.311*(6.5-6)=5.12KN.m
Myfad=4.96+0.371*(6.5-6)= 5.2KN.m
Ly/Lx=1.2
Mxfad=7.12+0.338*(5.5-4.5)=7.5KN.m
Myfad=4.3+0.172*(5.5-4.5)= 4.5KN.m
ΔMXS= MXS (before) -
MXS (adjusted) ΔMXY=
MXY (before) - MXY
(adjusted)
Ly/Lx=1.23
41
Mxfad=4.03+0.346*(4.03-3.6)=4.17KN.m
Myfad=2.5+0.365*(4.03-3.6)= 2.64KN.m
Ly/Lx=
Cx=0.398 and Cy=0.331 Mxfad=2.31+0.398*(3.4-2.2)=2.61KN.m
Myfad=1.64+0.331*(3.4-2.2)=1.9KN.m
FOR SLAB-6(ADJUSTED TO S-5)
.
Ly/Lx=1.56

Cx=0.423 and Cy=0.309 Mxfad=6.7+0.423 *(4.41-3.4)=7.15KN.m
Myfad=3.4+0.309*(4.41-3.4)= 3.73KN.m
42
Adjusted Moment
Figure 2-17 adjusted moment
43
Mdmax=18.2KN=18.2×106Nmm
b=1m=1000mm
MdMAX
dmin= 0.2942 * d * fcd
18.2×106��
dmin=√ =73.89mm≤dused=130mm
0.2942×1000×11.33N/��2
2.3.9 REINFORCEMENT
Effective depth
SHORTER SPAN
d=D-(cc+ ∅)=150-(15+ 10)=130mm

2 2
LONGER SPAN
d=D-(cc+ 3ቀ)=150-(15+3∗ 10)=120mm
2 2
Minimum and Maxismum code provision

�� =0.26( 2.2104)=0.00144
400
�� =0.00144≥0.0013---OKⵑⵑ
A secondary≥0.2 As principal in one slab
3ℎ
Smax = { for principal reinforcement
400
Smax = { 3ℎ = 3 ∗ 150 = 450
400
Smax≥400
3.5ℎ
Smax = { for secondary reinforcement
450
Smax = {3.5ℎ = 3.5 ∗ 150 = 525
450
Smax≥450
44
Asmin=0.26(2.21/500)*1000*130=149.7mm2
Asmax=0.04Ac=0.04*130*1000=52000mm2
2∗�� 1.25
�= (1 − √(1 − ) *
2
bd fcd m
a=3.14d2/4=3.14*102/4 =78.5
K=M/fckbd2
Table 2-14 Reinforcement provision
mo no
men KN. Zprov(m Acalc(m Aprov(m Spr ba no of
P t m k Zcacl(mm) m) m2) m2) Scalc ov r bar a
Mxs( 0.020 122.662436 122.662 121.8799 525.3647 1.55261
1 F) 6.5 8 4 4364 344 149.42 437 400 2 063 78.5
Mxs 0.016 123.100773 123.100 99.02515 525.3647 1.26146
© 5.3 96 5 7735 47 149.42 437 400 2 6939 78.5
MYs 0.020 122.662436 122.662 121.8799 525.3647 1.55261
(F) 6.5 8 4 4364 344 149.42 437 400 2 063 78.5
Mys 0.019 122.845463 122.845 112.3369 525.3647 1.43104
(C) 6 2 8 4638 343 149.42 437 400 2 375 78.5
5.1 0.016 123.166250 123.166 95.61118 525.3647 1.21797

Mxf 2 384 9 2509 057 149.42 437 400 2 6823 78.5
0.016 123.137158 122.662 97.50394 525.3647 1.24208
Myf 5.2 64 6 4364 754 149.42 437 400 2 8504 78.5
Mxs( 123.100 525.3647
2 F) 0 0 125 7735 0 149.42 437 400 0 78.5
Mys 0.019 122.845463 122.845 112.3369 525.3647 1.43104
(C) 6 2 8 4638 343 149.42 437 400 2 375 78.5
122.294700 122.294 141.0535 525.3647 1.79686
Mxf 7.5 0.024 9 7009 647 149.42 437 400 2 0697 78.5
0.014 123.391245 123.100 84.07796 525.3647 1.07105
Myf 4.5 4 3 7735 154 149.42 437 400 2 6835 78.5
Mxs( 0.8 0.002 124.685125 122.662 16.68817 525.3647 0.21258

3 F) 9 848 8 4364 564 149.42 437 400 1 8225 78.5
Mxs 0.014 123.391245 122.845 84.25270 525.3647 1.07328
© 4.5 4 3 4638 076 149.42 437 400 2 2812 78.5
0.4 0.001 124.843469 123.100 8.277008 525.3647 0.10543

Mxf 43 4176 3 7735 214 149.42 437 400 1 9595 78.5
Mxs 0.016 123.100773 122.845 99.23095 525.3647 1.26408
4 © 5.3 96 5 4638 867 149.42 437 400 2 8646 78.5
45
4.1 0.013 122.662 78.19066 525.3647 0.99605
Mxf 7 344 123.510662 4364 562 149.42 437 400 1 9435 78.5
2.6 0.008 124.061294 122.845 49.42825 525.3647 0.62965
Myf 4 448 7 4638 111 149.42 437 400 1 925 78.5
Mxs 0.011 123.716378 122.294 67.70571 525.3647 0.86249
5 © 3.6 52 5 7009 106 149.42 437 400 2 3135 78.5
MYs 0.007 123.100 41.10478 525.3647 0.52362
(F) 2.2 04 124.218737 7735 12 149.42 437 400 1 7786 78.5
Mys 0.010 123.788396 122.662 63.75258 525.3647 0.81213
(C) 3.4 88 1 4364 108 149.42 437 400 1 4791 78.5
2.6 0.008 124.061294 122.845 49.42825 525.3647 0.62965

Mxf 4 448 7 4638 111 149.42 437 400 1 925 78.5
0.006 124.325854 122.845 35.57336 525.3647 0.45316
Myf 1.9 08 2 4638 254 149.42 437 400 1 3854 78.5
MYs 4.4 0.014 122.662 83.81589 525.3647 1.06771

6 (F) 7 304 123.402111 4364 336 149.42 437 400 2 8387 78.5
Mys 0.010 123.788396 122.845 63.65759 525.3647 0.81092
(C) 3.4 88 1 4638 613 149.42 437 400 4791 78.5
0.021 122.589069 122.589 125.7052 525.3647 1.60134
Mxf 6.7 44 3 0693 733 149.42 437 400 2 1061 78.5
0.010 123.788396 122.294 63.94428 525.3647 0.81457
Myf 3.4 88 1 7009 267 149.42 437 400 1 6849 78.5
Mxs 29. 0.095 113.408717 113.408 604.3663 604.3663 129.8881 7.69893
C1 © 8 36 3 7173 385 385 076 125 8 4248 78.5
Mxs 0.163 103.200276 103.200 1136.631 1136.631 69.06370 14.4793
C2 © 51 2 4 2764 682 682 922 65 15 8449 78.5
Figure 2-18 solid slab reinforcement detailing

46
2.3.10 Load transfer to beam
Table 2-15 TRANSFER DEAD LOAD AND LIVE LOAD
Panel Support Lx LY Slab αi DL LL coeffien TDL TLL
Type Condtion (m LX system (KN/m2 (KN/ t
m) (mm) ) m2)
1 Two Way βvxc 0.42 9.12 2 Vxc 11.5 2.5
βvxd 0.29 Vxd 7.9 1.7
3 1.07 βvyc 0.4 Vyc 11 2.4
βvyd 0.26 Vyd 7.2 1.56
2 βvxc 0 8.24 2 Vxc 0 0

3 1.2 Two Way βvxd 0.33 Vxd 8.2 2
βvyc 0.4 Vyc 10 2.4
βvyd 0 Vyd 0 0
3 5.8 2 Vx 2.9 1
one Way Vxd
0.99 Vyc
Vyd
4 βvxc 0.438 5.8 2 Vxc 6.611 2.3
1.23 Two Way βvxd 0 Vxd
2.6 βvyc 0 Vyc
βvyd 0.26 Vyd 3.9 1.36
5 βvxc 0.45 5.8 2 Vxc 6 2.1
1.4 Two Way βvxd 0 Vxd 0 0
2.28 βvyc 0.36 Vyc 4.8 1.64
βvyd 0.24 Vyd 3.2 1.1
6 βvxc 0 8.76 2 Vxc 0 0
1.56 Two Way βvxd 0.43 Vxd 8.6 1.9
2.28 βvyc 0.45 Vyc 8.9 2
βvyd 0.3 Vyd 6 1.4
C1 8.8 2 17.6 4
C2 16.66 2 33.32 4
47
2.3.11 LOAD ON BEAM
Figure 2-19 Dead load on beam
Live load on beam
48
2.4 STAIR CASE ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
2.4.1 Design constant
Concrete grade 20/25=25KN/m
Steel grade S-400

Floor finishing material=marble
2.4.2 From architectural drawing

Height of riser = 17cm Thread width = 27cm No of riser = 8cm
No of thread = 7cm
Stair depth similar
to slab d=130mm
D=150mm
Loading
There are different types of loads are applied on the stir case
Plastering
Self-weight of slab Floor finishing
Figure 2-20 plan of stair
49
Figure 2-21 section of the stair
2.4.3 Depth Determination

we take slab
depth(D)=150mm
Assume ቀ6 and
cc=15mm, c20/25
d=150-15-
6/2=132mm
Ly/Lx=2.35/2.35=1 it is two way
2.4.4 Loading
Material Data (given)
 C-25 S-300 Class I work,
 Unit weight of marble=27 KN/m3
 Unit weight of cement screed=23 KN/m3
 Unit weight of concrete=25 KN/m3
 Unit weight of plastering=23 KN/m3
 Thickness of cement screed=25cm
 Thickness of plastering=2cm
 Thickness of marble=3cm
2.4.4.1 Inclined part
1.15
� = ��− ( ) = 38.80
1.43
50
DEAD LOAD
weight of inclined slab=25*0.15*1.15/cos38.80=5.2KN/m
floor finish(thread)marble=27*0.03*1.15*0.27*7/1.43=1.23KN/m
floor finish(riser)marble=27*0.03*1.15*0.16*8/1.43=0.83KN/m
triangular soft slab =0.5*25*0.16*0.30*0.18/cos38.80=0.12KN/m
plastering=23*0.030*1.15/cos38.80=1.1KN/m
Total Dead Load=(5.2+1.23+0.83+0.12+1.1)=8.5 KN/m
LIVE LOAD=3KN/m2*1.15m=3.45KN/m
Design load on the inclined pd=1.35(8.5)+1.5(3.45)=16.65KN/m
2.4.4.2 LANDING LOAD

DEAD LOAD
weight of Landing slab=25*0.15*1.15=4.31KN/m floor finish
(marble)=27*0.03*1.15=0.93KN/m plastering=23*0.030*1.15=0.794KN/m
Total Dead Load=(4.31+0.93+0.794)=6.1 KN/m
LIVE LOAD=3KN/m2*1.15m=3.45KN/m pd=1.35(6.1)+1.5(3.45)=13.41KN/m
LOAD ON BEAM
16.65KN/m
13.41KN/m
Figure 2-23 load on beam
51
2.4.4.3 SHEAR FORCE AND BENDING MOMENT DIAGRAM FROM ETABS OUT PUT RESULT
SHEAR FORCE DIAGRAM
Figure 2-24 shear force diagram
2.4.5 BENDING MOMENT DIAGRAM
Figure 2-25 bending moment diagram
52
2.4.6 CHECK DEPTH FOR FLEXURE
Md 3.43∗106
d= √( ) = √( ) =32.47mm<dused
0.2942bfcd 0.2942(1000)11.33
32.47mm<180mm---OK!!
REINFORCEMENT DESIGN
MAXISMUM AND MINIMUM REINFORCEMENT
Amin=0.26(fctm)bd
fyk
Amin=0.26(2.2104)*1500*132=284.4mm2
400
Amax=0.04Ac
Amax=0.04*1500*132=7920mm2
Smax Stair = �� {3� = 3 ∗ 150 = 450�� for secondary reinforcement

400mm
Smax Stair = 400mm
Kb=k’=0.167 moment redisbution
K=( M )
fckbd2
3.43∗106
K=( )=0.00656≤K’
20∗1500∗1322
z= 0.5d(1 + √1 − 3.529� ≤0.95d
Z=0.5*132(1 + √1 − 3.529(0.167) =108.3≤0.95d=0.95(132)=125.4
Acalc= M 3.43∗106
fydZ
= = 78.7��2
347.82∗125.4
Acalc≤Amin≤Amax---Take the minimum area becouse the Acalc is less than Amin=284.4mm2
2
Scalc= ba =1500∗�∗6 =596mm =550mm
Amin 284.4
bar numbur= b
=1500=2.7
Scalc 550
Use Φ12 c/c 550mm

secondary reinforcement is 20% of main reinforcement
Adistribution=0.2*284.4= 56.88mm2
53
1000∗(�∗62)/4
Scalc= ba = =490mm
Adis 56.88
Use Φ10 c/c 490mm
2.4.7 Stair reinforcement detailing
490
550
Figure 2-26 stair detailing
54
3 FRAME ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
 Frames are structures composed of vertical and horizontal member The vertical member are called
columns.
The horizontal member are called beams.
 In our project frame analysis have been performed by using ETABS2020 software
Figure 3-1 our project structure
55
3.1 FRAME ANALYSIS
3.1.1FRAME ANALYSIS AND MODELLING
ETABS is engineering software that is used to design structures mainly.
In our project we have been used ETABS software after the slab design and the load is
transferred to beam.
We followed the following steps:
Step 1: Plot Grid Coordinates
- Plot grid Coordinates that represent the given structural design.
Step 2: Define Material
- We define two types of material those are C-25 Concrete and S-500 Rebar with their material
Properties.
i.e. C-25
 Material type: concrete
 Symmetry type: Isotropic
 Modulus of Elasticity: 30000Mpa
 Poisson’s ratio: 0.2
 Shear Modulus (G):12500000
 Coeff. Thermal Expansion:0.00001:
 Unit Weight: 20 KN/m3
 S-500 : Material type: Rebar/Steel
 Unit Weight: 78 KN/m3 .
 Modulus of Elasticity: 200000MPA
 Step 3: Define Frame Section
- We define three types of Frame Section those are
Square Column =(25x25 cm),
Intermediate and top tie Beam= (20x30 cm),
Grade Beam =(20x30),and
- These frame section has the C-25 material and S-500 rebar defined in step 1.
Step 4: Draw the different Structural Members
- Using the grid System Draw the structural Members with their Defined Frame Section Properties.
(Includes:-columns,beams)
- It includes assignment of Restraints (fixed Joint).
Step 5: Assignment of Loads
Here, loads used in load combination are pre- defined with self-multipliers.
Self-multiplier for dead load is 1, which means ETABS calculates its dead load by taking
volume and its unit weight. For other loads 0 used.
- First, Introduce Live Load on Definition of load Pattern then

We use Load Combination:
56
Combo 1=1.3D.L+1.6L.L
Combo 2=D.L+1.L.L
Combo 3=Envelope=Max. Of All combo
Select wanted frame particularly beam>assign>frame/line load > distributed >load type
force>option say replace existing if it is the first load and say add to existing load if it is extra
load>for simplicity use absolute distance>finally enter load magnitude.
Step 6: Analysis
After checking for errors we run the analysis.
-Finally as shown below we determined the moments for major and minor Axis and shear Force.
Step 7- Display menu:
To view the shear force, moment and axial force diagrams click on show member forces and
stress diagrams>frame/pier/spandrel forces>components
3.1.1 ETABS out-put sample
3.1.1.1 MOMENT 3:3
Figure 3-2 axis 1 bending moment diagram
57
Axis 3
58
Figure 3-3 axis D bending moment diagram
Shear 2:2
Figure 3-4 axis 3 shear force diagram
59
AXIS 1
Figure 3-5 axis 1axial force
60
Axial force
Axis 2
Figure 3-6 axis 2 axial force diagram
61
3.2 FRAME DESIGN
3.2.1 DESIGN BEAM
A beam is a structural member that supports applied loads and its own weight
primarily by internal moments and shear. Frequently, concrete beam are rectangular,
T, L and I-shaped and sometimes, they have reinforcement in both tension and
compression zones.
Figure 3-8 beam layout
62
3.2.1.1 AXIS A FIRST FLOOR AT SUPPORT 1 2
C20/25 fCK=20MPa
S-400 fYK=400MPa
Md( at span)=45.65KN.m
GIVEN DATA
C20/25 fCK=20MPa
S-400 fYK=400MPa
0.85fck 0.85(20)
fcd = = =11.33MPa
rc 1.5
fctm=0.3(fck)2/3) = 0.3(20)2/3=2.2104MPa
fyd = fyk = 400

=347.82MPa
rs 1.15
fyd 347.82
m= = =30.69
0.8fcd 0.8(11.33)
63
at axis A
Md(span)=45.687knm
D=300mm
b=200mm
Assume effective depth (d’)
d’=Cnom+ Φstrup+ Φlong
=25mm+8mm+ 14
2 2
d’=40mm
d=D-d’=(300-40)=260mm
Ultimate moment carrying capacity of beams

Muc=0.8bd2fcd �max m(1-0.4 �max m)
�max Kxmax
=
m
Kxmax=0.488(0% Redisbution)
�max= 0.488=0.0159
30.69
Muc=0.8*200∗ 2602*11.33*0.0159* 30.69(1-0.4*0.0159*30.69 )

Muc=48.13KN.m Muc>Md(span) =48.13>45.65
If the max moment from ETABS output is less than Mumax the beams are under reinforced i.e.
singly reinforced while as If the max moment from ETABS output is greater than Mumax the beams
are over reinforced i.e. doubly reinforced
REINFORCEMENT
1 2∗�� 1.25
�= (1 − √(1 − ) *
bd2 m
1 2∗45.65∗106 1.25
�= (1 − √(1 − 200∗3002∗11.33 ) *30.69 =0.0105
64
0.26�� 0.26∗2.2104
�min= = =0.001437
fyk 400
�max> �> �min---OK!

As= �bd=0.0105*200*300=630mm2
Number of  14 rods
�� 630
2 =�142 /4= 4.09
�� /4
Use 5Φ14 steel bar

Detailing
Asprov=769.69��2
Md(at support)= 42.32
Muc>Md =48.13>42.32
�×��.��×�� .��
�=(� − � − ��×��×��.��) × ��.��
�=0.00958
ρmin=0.001437
�max> �> �min---OK!
As= �bd=0.00958*200*300=574.68��2
Number of  14 rods
�� 574.68
��2/4
= �142 /4
= 3.73
65
Use 4Φ14 steel bar
CHECK DEPTH FOR FLEXURE

��
d = ( 0.2942�� )
45.65×106
d = ( 0.2942×200×11.33 )
d = 261.70 mm <300mm---OK!!
Design beam for Shear reinforcement
66
From the left side
The design shears resistance of the member without shear reinforcement (VRDc).
Vmax=104.21KN
VRDc=[CRDcK(100 �FCK)1/3 +K1 �]*bwd
0.18 0.18
The recommended value for CRd ,c = ��
= 1.5
= 0.12
��
K= � + �
≤ 2 with ‘’d’’ in mm

=25mm+8mm+ 14
2 2
d’=40mm
��
K= � + ��
= 1.87mm ≤ 2…ok!!
Assume 5Φ14 reinforcement
�,= Ast
= 5∗153
= 0.01471
�d 200∗260
�cp= NEd=0 -B/C No axial load is applied on the beam
Ac
FROM THE PREVIOUS EQUATION
VRDc=[0.12*1.87(100*0.01471*20)1/3 +0)*200*260]
VRDc=36.022KN
Vmin=0.035�3/2 ∗ ��1/2
Vmin =0.035∗ (1.87)3/2 ∗ (20)1/2=0.40
VRDc=Vmin*bw*d
VRDc=0.40*200*260=20.80
20.80≤36.022
Therefore, shear resistance of concrete:
67
VRd ,c . 36.022KN,
�cw∗bw∗Z∗V,∗fcd
VRdmax= =
cot �+tan�
�cw = 1 ,for non prestressed structures
bw=200mm
d=260mm
Z=0.9d=0.9*260=234
V=0.6 for fck ≤ 60Mpa
1≤cot �≤2.5
when cot � = 2.5 �= 450
1∗200∗234∗0.6∗11.33
VRdmax= = 90.898KN
2.5+1
Design shear force at distance‘d’ from the face of column=(VEd)
d= c +-column dimension (25*25)cm

2
d= 250 + 260 =385mm
2
d=385mm=0.385m
From the left side
by similarity of triangles method

86.58 VED
= =
1.78 1.78−0.385
1.78VEd=86.58(1.78-0.385)
VEd,c=86.58∗1.3950=67.85KN
1.78
REINFORCEMENT
VED,c <VRdmax -provide shear reinforcement
VRds=Asw Z*fyd*cot �
68
2 2
Asw=2( π� )= 2( π∗8 )=100.15m�2
4 4
fyd=347.82Mpa
VRds= VEd-VRdc
VRds=67.85KN-20.80KN=47.05KN
S= Asw∗Z∗fyd∗cot �
Z=0.9d=0.9*260=234
100.15∗234∗347.82∗2.5
s=
47.05
S= 433.113mm, Smax=0.75d=0.75*260=195mm
0.08√fck
rmin=
fyk
rmin= 0.08√20
=0.0009mm
400
�� 100.15
s≤ �� , ��
=200∗ 0.0009 = 556.38
Smin=take the minimum from all the above Smin=195mm
From the Right side
by similarity of triangles method

104.41 VED
= =
1.78 1.78−0.385
1.78VEd=104.41(1.78-0.385)
VEd,c=104.41∗1.3950=81.83KN
1.78
FROM THE PREVIOUS PAGE CALCULATION
VRd ,c . 36.022KN
69
1∗200∗234∗0.6∗11.33
VRdmax= = 90.898KN
2.5+1
VED=81.83KN VRDc=0.40*200*260=20.80
Smin=195mm
VRds=81.83-20.8=61.03KM
VRds<VEd<VRdmax -Also provide shear reinforcement
3.2.1.2 Longitudinal reinforcement detailing
Figure 3-11 Longitudinal reinforcement detailing
70
3.2.2 Column Design
Introduction
A column or pillar in architecture and structural engineering is a structural element that
transmits, through compression, the
weight of the structure above to other structural elements below.
 Columns carry axial loads and therefore are designed for compression.
 Other loads from snow, wind or other horizontal forces can cause bending in the
columns.
 We shall build up a small size structure by RR masonry at a certain height but the
multi-story building cannot be constructed by
RR masonry because the structure can able to transmit the heavy load to the
foundation.
 Basically, a column designed to distribute the compressive axial load & additional
forces like snow, wind to the foundation eventually & it could be sustained the
structure even in the earthquake or any other force measure.
Column analysis and result on axis C2
From ETABS analysis output column C2 from first floor to second.
Design action
NED= 313.3 KN
Figure 3-15 column layout
71
At axis 2c
72
GIVEN DATA
fck=20MPa
S-500 fYK=500MPa
0.85fck 0.85(20)
fcd = = =11.33MPa
rc 1.5
fyd = fyk = 500

=434.8MPa
rs 1.15
73
Es=200GPa
Storry Heignt= 2.9m
Column Dimension= 250mm×250mm
Beam Dimension grond= 200mm×300mm
3m
3.56m
3.2m
2.6m
MEdx=1.75KN.m (minor axis bending capacity is less)

MEdy=4.1KN.m( major axis bending capacity is max)
250.0
RESULT FROM ANALYSIS NEd=313.3KN MEdx=1.75KN.m MEdy=4.1KN.m
74
313.3KN
1.75KN.m
2.7
4.1KN.m
3.2.2 X-DIRECTION
Relative flexibility at the joint (K)
Ic = 250*2503 /12 = 32552083mm4

Ib = 200*3003 /12 =450000000mm4
(32552083/2700)
K= =0.023
2(450000000/3200)+2(450000000/3560)
slenderness ratio of column
Effective column height

l=clear height of the column=2.9m-0.3m=2.7m
K1 K2
lo=0.5l√(1 + ) ∗ (1 + )
0.45+K1 0.45+K2
0.0230 0.023
lo=0.5*2.7√(1 + ) ∗ (1 + ) =1.43m
0.45+0.230 0.45+0.036
kkkkkkkjh
75
250mm∗250��3
i=√I =√ =72.2mm
A 12∗250∗250
lo 1.43∗1000m
�= = =19.86
L 72mm
3.2.2.1.1 LIMITING SLENDERNESS RATIO

lim  20 ABC/ √n
where
A= 1
→ �� = 0.7 ��
(1+0.2ef)
B=√1 + 2� →if � is not known B=1.1 may be used

C=1.7- �m →if Ym is not known c=1.1may be
used
−1.75
Ym=M01 =-0.43
MO2 4.1
1.75
C=1.7-(− ) =2.13
4.7
NEd
n= →relative normal force
(Ac∗fcd)
313.3∗103
n= =0.442
(250∗250∗11.33)
20∗0.7∗1.1∗2.13
.��= =49.34
√0.442
�<�� →the column under consideration is not slender the second order effect can be
ignored!
i.e M2=0
Design action on the column (Ned and Med)

MEd=max{Mo2; MoEd+M2; Mo1+0.5M2; Mmin}
But, since the column is short i.e ,MEd= max{Mo2; Mmin}
Mo2=Max {[ Mtop ]; [ Mbottom ] }+eiNEd
ei= lo 1430 =3.56mm

400 = 400
76
h 250
emin = {30 ={ 30 ={ 8.33 =20
20 20 20
Mo2=Max {[ 1.75 ]; [4.1] }+ 3.56

* 185.35
1000
=4.1+1.12=5.2
20
Mmin=eiNEd = *313.3=6.3
1000
MEd=max{Mo2; Mmin}
MEd=max{5.2;6.3}
MEdx=6.3KN.m
3.2.3 Y-DIRECTION
Relative flexibility at the joint (K):

(32552083/2700)
Ky = =0.036
2(450000000/3000)+2(450000000/2600)
There Fore K1=K2
slenderness ratio of column

Effective column height
l=clear height of the column=2.9m-0.3m=2.7m
K1 K2
lo=0.5l√(1 + ) ∗ (1 + )
0.45+K1 0.45+K2
0.036 0.036
lo=0.5*2.7√(1 + ) ∗ (1 + ) =1.45m
0.45+0.036 0.45+0.036
250mm∗250��3
i=√I =√ =72.2mm
A 12∗250∗250
lo 1.45∗1000m
�= = =19.81
L 72.2mm
LIMITING SLENDERNESS RATIO
20∗A∗B∗C
.��=
√�
77
where
A= 1
→ �� = 0.7 ��
(1+0.2��)
B=√1 + 2� →if � is not known 8=1.1 may be used

C=1.7- �m →if � is not known c=0.7may be used
Ym=M01 1.75
=-0.43
MO2 4.1
1.75
C=1.7-(− ) =2.13
4.1
NEd
n= →relative normal force
(Ac∗fcd)
313.3∗103 =0.442
n=
(250∗250∗11.33)
20∗0.7∗1.1∗2.13
.��= =49.34
√0.442
�<�� →the column under consideration is not slender the second order effect can be
ignored!
i.e M2=0
Design action on the column (Ned and Med)

MEd=max{Mo2; MoEd+M2; Mo1+0.5M2; Mmin}
But, since the column is short i.e ,MEd= max{Mo2; Mmin}

Mo2=Max {[ Mtop ]; [ Mbottom ] }+eiNEd
ei= lo 1450 =3.62

400 = 400
h 250
emin = {30 ={ 30 ={8.33 =20
20 20 20
Mo2=Max {[ 1.75 ]; [ 4.1] }+ * 313.3

3.62
1000
=4.1+1.13=5.23
20
Mmin=eiNEd = *313.3=6.3
1000
MEd=max{Mo2; Mmin}
MEd=max{5.23; 6.3}
MEdy=6.3KN.m
78
CHECK FOR BI AXIAL EFFECT
��
��
≤2 and ��
��
≤2
19.81
→ = 0.99 ≤2 and 19.86
= 1.002 ≤2
19.86 19.81
��/ℎ
→ ≤0.2 or ��/�
≤0.2
��/� ��/ℎ
MEdx 6.3KN.m
ey= =0.0202
NED 313.3KN
MEdx 6.3Kn.m
ex= =0.0205
NED 313.3KN
��/ℎ 0.0202/250
→ ≤0.2 = 1≥0.2
ey/b 0.0205/250
��/� 0.0202/250
→ ≤0.2 = 1≥0.2
��/ℎ 0.0202/250
→ Hence check for bi axial bending is not ok
AREA OF STEEL REQUIRED (Ast)

using design chart column interaction diagram
ASSUME
=25mm+8mm+ 16
2 2
d’=41mm
NEd 313.3∗103
V= =0.4
�ℎ�� 250∗250∗11.33
MEd 6.3∗106�.��
µ= = 0.03
�ℎ2�� 250∗2502∗11.33
d′
= 41
=0.18≈0.2
ℎ 250
Eyd= fyd
= 434.34
=0.002
Es 200,000
Ast∗fyd
select appropriate mechanical steel ratio � = from design chart
�ℎ��
From the Bi axial chart No w=0.32

��ℎ�� 0.32∗250∗250∗11.33
Ast= = =521.70��2
��d 434.34
79
��t 521.70
No of bar= ��2/4 = �162 =2.59≈ 3
4
Use 3Φ16 steel bar strupp Φ8
check rules for spacing and quantity reinforcement

→the area of longitudinal reinforcement should not exceed Asmax
Asmax=0.04Ac outside lap or 0.08Ac at lap
Asmax=0.04*250*250=2500��2>Ast
Asmax>Ast…OK!!
The total amount of longitudinal reinforcement should not be less than Asmin
0.1NED
Asmin= or 0.002Ac
fyd
0.1∗313.3∗103
Asmin= = 72.72��2
434.34
Ac=0.002*250*250=125��2…OK!!
Detailing
200
`strupp
200
Figure 3-16 Column cross section reinforcement detailing
Transverse reinforcement
According to ES EN 2, 2015 diameter of bar
 6mm
 1/4 of longitudinal reinforcement = 16/4 =4mm
Let’s use ∅ 10
c) Spacing of transverse reinforcement
20 * ∅ long = 20*16 = 320mm
 Less dimension of column =250mm
 400mm
spacing = lesser of 0.6 (20ϕ, 250, 400)
Then use ∅ 10 center to center-250*0.6 = 150mm
80
Figure column detailing
81
4.ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF FOUNDATION
Isolated footings
The design of any foundations consists of two main steps;
Geo-technical design which is covered in ES EN-1997-1.
Structural design which is covered in ES EN 1992-1-1.
Design of isolated footing
Footing 1 for axis C2 becouse there is a maximum axial load.
Design constants
Grade of concrete=C20/25 Grade of steel=S500
Rebar size Ø=16mm Concrete cover = 50mm
ϒconc=20KN/m3 ϒsub soil=19KN/m3
Allowable bearing capacity of soil 150 KN/m2 (assumed)
Step1: proportioning
Type of load FZ KN MX KN.m MY KN.m
Factored design 313.3 0.87 -0.566

load
�� = ��(1 ± 6 � �� ± 6 � ��) < ��ll
�� = �� /� =−0.566/313.3 = −0.00181
�� = �� /� = 0.87/313.3 = 0.00278
L/B=250/250=1
A=BL=L2
So our footing is square.
=(313.3+0.1*313.3)/150=2.3m2
L2=2.3m2=L=1.5m
For moment increase the dimension use b=2m and l=2m
Ix=BH3/12=2*23/12=1.34m4=Iy
Y=H/2=2/2=1m=X
Maximum soil pressure, � =(N+W)/A+-(MxY/Ix)+-(MyX/Iy)
P=(313.3+31.33)/2.3+(0.87*1/1.34)-(0.566*1/1.34)≤150 kN/m
149.89≤150 kN/m……………..OK!!!
Analysis
Ultimate soil pressure, � =(N+W)/A(+-(MxY/Ix)+-(MyX/Iy)

P=(313.3+31.33)/2.3+-(0.87*1/1.34)+-(0.566*1/1.34)=149.89KN/m
P=148.9+-0.64+-0.42
82 Pmax=149.89 pmin=147.8 <150*3=450……. 0k
Step 2: depth determination from Vertical Shear
Critical shear at 1.0d from face of column:
To simplify use average pressure qed=(pmin+pmax)/2
qed=(148.9+147.8)/2=148.4
0.25
148.4
Design shear force, Ved=force in the shaded area
= (148.4*2*(0.875-d)
=296.8*(0.875-d)
= 259.7-296.8d………...*
(i) Vertical Shear resistance of concrete
=0.26*2.21/500
=0.00115
p=0.00115
use K= 1.5<2
 ��,� = 0.12� 100�� 1/3 ��
= 0.12 × 1.50 (100 × 0.00115)1/3 (2000 × d = 175d
 �� = 0.035� 3/2 �� =0.035*1.5^1.5 *20^0.5*2000*d=575.2d
V Rd,c= 575.2d………..**
Equate * & **
575.2d= 259.7-296.8d
d=259.7/(575.2+296.8)=0.3
D=d+cnom+1.5φ=300+50+1.5*16=374mm
Use D=400mm
d=400-50-1.5*16=326mm
Step 3: Punching Shear
Critical shear at 2.0d from face of column:
 2d = 2*326=652mm
83
Control perimeter;
u = 2(200 + 200) + (2  652) = 4896.6 mm
Area within perimeter;

A = (0.25  0.25) + (2  0.25  0.652) + (2  0.25  0.652) + (  0.6522 ) =2.7m2
(ii) Punching Shear

Average punching shear force at control perimeter:
Ved,red = 148.4[(2*2) – 2.7] = 206.3kN
Punching shear force: Ved= β* Ved,red β=1.15 for interior column
Ved=1.15*206.3=237.2KN
Punching shear resistance:
k=1+ 200/326=1.8
��,� > �� = 0.035� 3/2�� 1/2
= 0.035* 1.8 3/2 201/2
=0.378
= 0.12 × 1.80 (100 × 0.00115*20)1/3 =0.285
��,�=0.378N/mm2
0.378*4.89*0.326 =602.6KN>237.2  OK
(iii) Maximum Punching Shear at Column Perimeter
Maximum punching shear force:
VEd,max = 313.3 kN
Column perimeter, uo = 2(250 + 250) = 1000 mm

Punching shear stress:
V=0.6*(1-20/250)=0.552
V Rd, max = 0.6*0.552*11.13=3686.2KN
V Ed=1.15*313.3=360.3KN < 3686.2KN OK
Step 4: Moment
��=(148.3*0.8752/2)+(149.89-147.8)*(0.875/2)*(0.875*2/3)
=57.3kNm/m*2m=114.61kNm
Myy=(148.3*0.8752/2)*2m=113.54KNm
Step 5: Reinforcement
Effective Depth
84 dx = h – c – 0.5 bar = 400 – 50 – (0.5 * 16) = 342 mm
dy = h – c – 1.5 bar = 400 – 50 – (1.5 *16) = 326mm
Main Reinforcement – Longitudinal Bar
Step 5: Main Reinforcement in x direction
using design table

μsd =114.6*10^6/(11.17*2000*342^2) =0.04486=0.05
μsd,lim=0.295 from table ω=0.051
= 0.051*2000*342*11.17/434.78
AS1 =896.2mm^2
Main Reinforcement in y direction
using design table
μsd =113.54*10^6/(11.17*2000*326^2) =0.0477=0.05

μsd,lim=0.295 from table ω=0.051
= 0.051*2000*326*11.17/434.78
AS1 =854.3mm^2
Minimum & Maximum Area of Reinforcement in X-direction
=0.26(2.21/500)2000*342=786.1
As,max = 0.04Ac = 0.04bh = 0.04 * 2000 *400 = 48000 mm2

As,prov= 896.2mm2
No bar= As/as=896.2/(201)=4.5=5
Spacing = (b-2*c)/(n-1)= (2000-2*50)/(5-1)=475
Provide 5φ16 c/c 470
Minimum & Maximum Area of Reinforcement in X-direction
ASmin=0.26(2.21/500)2000*326=749.4
As,max = 0.04Ac = 0.04bh = 0.04 * 2000 *400 = 48000 mm2
As,prov= 854.3mm2
No bar= As/as=854.3/(201)=4.2=5
Spacing = (b-2*c)/(n-1)= (2000-2*50)/(5-1)=475
Provide 5φ16 c/c 470
85
Figure 5.1 Detailing of footings
86
5 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMAEDATION
5.1 CONCLUSION
 Besides gratitude for the editors, we conclude that there were investigating the actual
physical and environmental future of the country incorporating with universally accepted
Engineering standards and formulas.
 In conclusion, we would not forget the learning experience we gained from the project.
 In addition to this it has helped us in developing our ability to work as a team.
Generally, this project enabled us to build our confidence as a future civil engineer. so we greatly
appreciated Mettu University for they provide these subject for civil engineering student so we
conclude that the project was necessary and basic one.
87
5.2 RECOMMAEDATION
 Generally we would like to thanks the civil engineering department which give us enough
time and full support by assigning adviser for each group in order to finish our project
effectively. So, continue with your good approach for the future.
 We modified the architectural plan from structural point of view while designing
architectural, the structure design should be considered.
 We didn’t design for wind load and earth quake load because we didn’t learn
before so its better to take courses like structural design before this project.
 We considered roof as a solid slab for designing due to the absence of truss design
course, So. it is better for students to take the course before this project.
 In addition to teaching student’s analysis and design of structure with hand it’s better to
facilitate conditions which make students more active on software application analysis
too.
88
5.3 REFERENCE
The major reference to proceed this project are
 Kassimali structural analysis
EBCS-EN 1992 2015 is used guidance to design G+2 building
 EBCS 1 – about material property
 EBCS 2- structural use of concrete
 EBCS 3- about a steel property
89

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Advisor Mr.

Advisor Name Signature Date

Mr. Regasa Yadeta………………………. ________________ ____________________ __________

Name ID Signature Date

1.Abdiljemil muhadin …………....Ru4567/12

fyk - characteristics of yield strength of reinforcement

fyd- Design yield strength of reinforcement

MEd- Design bending moment

d- Effective depth of the member

Figure 2-1 Solid Roof Plan Layout.................................................................................................................................... 7

1.1 GENERAL OVERVIEW

1.1.1 Structural design process

Construction: This phase involves mobilization of personnel; procurement of materials and

1.1.3 Basic structural analysis

In this project we did the design of supper structure like:

B) Column - is vertical structural member which are responsible for supporting.

1.1.5 Design Philosophies

There are two principal major types of limit state

2. Serviceability limit states: - Which deal with discomfort to occupancy or malfunction,

2.1 SOLID ROOF DESIGN

Class І workmanship and ordinary loading condition is used.

Class І work means, works carried out under the direction of

Strength and deformation characteristics for concrete]

Ecm =30MPa [EBCS EN 1992-1-1:2013

Characteristic tensile strength ƒyk=500MPa Design

strength for steel, ƒyd=434.82MPa

Figure 2-1 solid roof plan layout

Floor finish load = ceramic thickness ∗ unit weight

Live load =1KN/m2 Dead load=

2.1.3 Roof Slab Moment Calculation

by interpolation from ES EN 1992 TABLE

2 1.2 Two Way αxs 0.056 Mxs 3.7

1.4 MOMENT ADJUSTEMENT

2.1.4.1 Support moment adjustment

Between P-4 and P-5

Cx=0.311 and Cy=0.371

Therefore moment increment for each field

Cx=0.336, cy= 0.170

Figure 2-4 Adjusted moment

d=D-(cc+ ቀ)=150-(15+ 10)=130mm

Minimum and Maximum code provision

As(secondary) ≥0.2 As principal in one slab

Smax = {3.5ℎ = 3.5 ∗ 150 = 525

Figure 2-5 Reinforcement detailing

DEADLOAD LIVE LOAD TRANSFER

Table 2-5 Transfer Dead Load and Live load

LIVELOAD TRANSFER TO BEAM

Figure 2-6 second floor plan layout

fyd = fyk = 400

Figure 2-7 solid slab plan layout

Panel Ly Lx Ly Support Slab K d= D=d+c+θ/2

Panel one sample moment calculation

The formula for moment calculation by using coefficient method

Panel type and moment calculation is done as follows

Panel Support Lx Ly Slab Pd (KN/ Mi= αi Pd*lx2

4 1.26 Two Way αxs 0.055 Mxs 4.03

αyf 0.036 Myf 2.15

2.2.5 MOMENT ADJUSTEMENT

2.2.5.1 SUPPORT MOMENT ADJUSTEMENT

Mr. Regasa Yadeta………………………. ______

Partition load= (2.26+0.6)0.15232.75)/(3.23)

Smax Stair = �� {3� = 3 ∗ 150 = 450�� for secondary reinforcement