Normal Distribution

NORMAL
DISTRIBUTION
STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY
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INTRODUCTION
EXAMINATION RESULTS ARE DATA THAT CAN BE STUDIED AT LENGTH

USING DIFFERENT KIND OF PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION KNOWN AS
NORMAL DISTRIBUTION
FREQUENCY POLYGON
INTRODUCTION
IF YOU ASK ENOUGH

PEOPLE ABOUT THEIR SHOE
SIZE, YOU WILL FIND THAT
YOUR GRAPHED DATA IS
SHAPED LIKE A BELL CURVE
AND CAN BE DESCRIBED
AS NORMALLY
DISTRIBUTED.
NORMAL DISTRIBUTION
-IS A CONTINUOUS PROBABILITY

DISTRIBUTION OF DATA THAT
HAS THE SHAPE OF
SYMMETRICAL BELL CURVE
-ALSO CALLED GAUSIAN
DISTRIBUTION NAMED AFTER
CARL GAUSS
PROPERTIES OF NORMAL
PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION
IF A WELL PREPARED TEST IS ADMINISTERED TO A CLASS OF 100

STUDENTS, THERE WILL BE A HIGH SCORES, AS WELL AS A FEW
LOW SCORES. IN REALITY, IF A DISTRIBUTION CONSISTS OF A
VERY LARGE NUMBER OF CASES AND THE THREE MEASURES OF
AVERAGES (MEAN, MEDIAN, MODE) ARE EQUAL, THEN THE
DISTRIBUTION IS SYMMETRICAL AND THE SKEWNESS IS 0. IN
STATISTICS, SUCH DISTRIBUTION IS CALLED NORMAL
DISTRIBUTION OR SIMPLY NORMAL CURVE.
1. THE DISTRIBUTION CURBE IS BELL

2. THE CURVE IS SYMMETRICAL ABOUT ITS
CENTER
3. THE MEAN, MEDIAN, AND THE MODE
COINCIDE AT THE CENTER
4. THE WIDTH OF THE CURVE IS DETERMINED
STANDARD DEVIATION OF THE DISTRIBUTION
5. THE TAILS OF THE CURVE

FLATTEN OUT INDEFINITELY
ALONG THEN HORIZONTAL
AXIS, ALWAYS APPROACHING
THE AXIS BUT NEVER
TOUCHING IT. THAT IS, THE
CURVE IS ASYMPTOTIC AT
THE BASE LINE.
6. THE AREA UNDER THE

CURVE REPRESENTS THE
PROBABILITY OF PROPORTION
OR THE PERCENTAGE
ASSOCIATED WITH SPECIFIC
SETS OF MEASUREMENT
VALUES.
The change of value of the mean shifts the graph of the normal
curve to the right or to the left.
The standard deviation determines the shape of the graphs

(particularly the height and the width of the curve). When the
standard deviation is large, the normal curve is short and wide,
while a small value for the standard deviation yields skinner
and taller graph.
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THE STANDARD NORMAL
CURVE
A STANDARD NORMAL
CURVE IS NORMAL
PROBABILITY
DISTRIBUTION THAT HAS A
MEAN = 0 AND A
STANDARD DEVIATION = 1
EMPIRICAL RULE
EMPIRICAL RULE
THE AVERAGE IQ SCORE IS 100 WITH A STANDARD DEVIATION OF 15.
1. WHAT SCORE FALL WITHIN 68% OF THE DISTRIBUTION?

2. WHAT SCORE FALL WITHIN 95% OF THE DISTRIBUTION?
3. WHAT SCORE FALL WITHIN 99.7% OF THE DISTRIBUTION?
EMPIRICAL RULE
THE AVERAGE GRADE OF SHS STUDENTS IN

DRECMNHS IS NORMALLY DISTRIBUTED WITH A MEAN
OF 84 AND A STANDARD DEVIATION OF 3.
1. WHAT AVERAGE GRADES FALL WITHIN 68% OF THE
DISTRIBUTION?
2. IF YOUR AVERAGE GRADE IS 90, HOW MANY SD
ARE YOU AWAY FROM THE MEAN?
3. WHAT PERCENT OF THE AVERAGE ARE BETWEEN 78
TO 87?
SEAT WORK
THE HEIGHT OF G11 STUDENTS ARE NORMALLY

DISTRIBUTED WITH A MEAN OF 170 CM AND STANDARD
DEVIATION OF 7.5 CM.
A. ESTIMATE THE PROBABILITY OF STUDENT WHOSE
HEIGHT IS TALLER THAN 177.5 CM.
B. ESTIMATE THE PROBABILITY OF STUDENT WHOSE
C. ESTIMATE THE PROBABILITY OF STUDENT WHOSE
SEAT WORK
COMPLETE THE TABLE BELOW.

TABLE OF AREAS UNDER
THE NORMAL CURVE
-USED TO DETERMINE THE

AREA/PERCENTAGE UNDER
CONSIDERATION IN STANDARD NORMAL
DISTRIBUTION
THE NORMAL CURVE
THE NORMAL CURVE
Z SCORE AREA
STEP 1: SPLIT YOUR GIVEN DECIMAL INTO TWO AFTER THE TENTHS DECIMAL PLACE. FOR EXAMPLE,
IF YOU’RE GIVEN 0.46, SPLIT THAT INTO 0.4 + 0.06.
STEP 2: LOOK UP YOUR DECIMALS FROM STEP 1 IN THE Z-TABLE. THE Z-TABLE BELOW GIVES THE
RESULT FROM LOOKING UP 0.4 IN THE LEFT COLUMN AND 0.06 IN THE TOP ROW. THE
INTERSECTION (I.E. THE AREA UNDER THE CURVE) IS .1772.
Z SCORE AREA
THE NORMAL DISTRIBUTION IS SYMMETRICAL, SO IF YOU ARE

GIVEN NEGATIVE VALUES YOU CAN JUST LOOK UP THEIR ABSOLUTE
VALUES. FOR EXAMPLE, IF YOU ARE ASKED FOR THE AREA OF A TAIL
ON THE LEFT TO -0.96, LOOK UP THE ABSOLUTE VALUE OF -0.96
(0.96).
EXERCISES
USE THE Z TABLE TO FIND THE AREA THAT CORRESPONDS TO EACH

OF THE FOLLOWING
1. Z=.56
2. Z=1.32
3. Z=-1.05
4. Z=-2.18
5. Z=-2.58
IDENTIFYING REGIONS UNDER NORMAL
CURVE CORRESPONDS TO DIFFERENT
STANDARD NORMAL VALUES
Find the area that corresponds to z=2.

Find the area that corresponds to z=2
Area of probability= 0.4772

Find the area that corresponds to z=2.47

Find the area that corresponds to z=2.47

Find the area that corresponds to z=-2.47

Find the area that corresponds to z=-2.47

Sign Notation Operation
greater than, to the

subtract the area corresponds to the
right, at least, more Positive P(z>a) given from 0.5
than, above
greater than, to the

right, at least, more Negative P(z>-a) add 0.5 to the corresponds area
than, above
less than, at most, no

more than, not greater Positive P(z<a) add 0.5 to the corresponds area
than, to the left
less than, at most, no

subtract the area corresponds to the
more than, not greater Negative P(z<-a) given from 0.5
than, to the left
Determine the area under the standard normal curve to the right
of z=1.63
Determine the area

under the standard
normal curve to
the right of z=1.63
The value that corresponds

to z=1.63 is 0.4484
0.5-0.4484=0.0516
of z=-0.52
of z=-0.52

to z=-0.52 is 0.1985
0.5+0.1985=0.6985
of z=-1.25
of z=-1.25

to z=1.25 is 0.3944
0.5+0.3944=0.8944
Determine the area under the standard normal curve to the left of
z=-0.95
Determine the area under the standard normal curve to the left of
z=-0.95

to z=-0.95 is 0.3289
0.5-0.3289=0.1711
Sign Notation Operation
Same subtract the biggest area to

P(a<z<b)
sign the smallest area
between
a and b
Different P(a<z<-b) add the biggest area to
sign P(-a<z<b) the smallest area
Determine the area under the standard normal curve in between

z=1.03 and z=-0.37

z=1.03 and z=-0.37
The value that

corresponds to z=1.03 is
0.3485 and z=-0.37 is
0.1443
0.3485+1443=0.4928

z=0.32 and z=2.42

z=0.32 and z=2.42
The value that

corresponds to z=0.32 is
0.1255 and z=2.42 is
0.4922
0.4922-0.1255=0.3667
EXERCISES
1. Find the proportion of the area above z=-1.

2. Find the area greater than z=1.
3. Find the area to the left of z=-1.5.
4. Find the area below z=1.5.
5. Find the area between z=-2 and z=-1.5.
6. Find the area between z=0.98 and z=2.58
7. Find the area between z=-1.32 and z=2.37
ASSIGNMENT
1. above z=1.46
Identify the
2. below z=-0.58
region being 3. between z=-78 and z=-1.95
described by 4. between z=0.76 and z=2.88
5. between z=-0.92 and z=1.75
each of the 6. to the right of z=1.32
following. Shade 7. to the left of z=2.78
the region and 8. at most z=-1.5
9. at least z=1
find the area. 10. at least z=-2
ASSIGNMENT
Identify the
region being 11. P(Z<1.50)
described by 12. P(-2.34<Z<1.50)
each of the 13. P(Z>1.85)
following. Shade 14. P(0.56<Z<2.18)
the region and 15. P(Z>-1.96)
find the area.
ASSIGNMENT
Identify the
region being 16.P(Z<-2.50)
described by 17. μ=42, σ=5, X=35
each of the 18. μ=42, σ=5, X=49
following. Shade
the region and
find the area.
EXPLORING THE Z-SCORE
Z-SCORE FOR POPULATION DATA
Z-SCORE FOR SAMPLE DATA
THE AREAS UNDER THE NORMAL CURVE ARE GIVEN IN

TERMS OF Z VALUE OR SCORES. EITHER THE Z SCORE
LOCATES X WITHIN A SAMPLE OR WITHIN A POPULATION.
GIVEN THE MEAN =50 AND THE STANDARD DEVIATION = 4 OF A POPULATION

READING SCORES. FIND THE Z VALUES THAT CORRESPONDS TO A SCORE X=50.
LOCATE THE Z VALUE THAT CORRESPONDS TO A PE SCORE OF 39 GIVEN THAT

MEAN = 45 AND STANDARD DEVIATION = 6.
1. WHAT IS THE Z-SCORE OF THE PRICE OF A PAIR OF SKIS THAT COST ₱247, IF
THE MEAN SKI PRICE IS ₱279, WITH A STANDARD DEVIATION OF ₱16?
2. WHAT IS THE Z-SCORE OF A 5-SCOOP ICE CREAM CONE IF THE MEAN NUMBER
OF SCOOPS IS 3, WITH A STANDARD DEVIATION OF 1 SCOOP?
3. WHAT IS THE Z-SCORE OF THE WEIGHT OF A COW THAT TIPS THE SCALES AT
825 LBS, IF THE MEAN WEIGHT FOR COWS OF HER TYPE IS 1150 LBS, WITH A
STANDARD DEVIATION OF 77 LBS?
4. What is the z-score of a measured value of 0.0034, given µ = 0.0041 and σ =
0.0008?
LOCATING PERCENTILES UNDER
THE NORMAL CURVE
For any set of measurements (arranged in ascending or

descending order), a percentile is a point in the distribution such
that given number of cases is below it.
A percentile is a measure of relative standing. It is a descriptive
measure of the relationship of a measurement to the rest of the
data.
THE NORMAL CURVE
For example, in a test in Algebra, you got a score of 82 and you

want to know how fared in comparison with your classmates.
If your teacher tells you that you scored at the 90th percentile, it
means that 90% of the grades were lower lower than yours and
10% were higher.
THE NORMAL CURVE
The results of a nationwide

aptitude test in
mathematics are normally
distributed with µ=80 and
σ=15. What is the percentile
rank of a score of 84?
THE NORMAL CURVE
The results of a nationwide aptitude test in mathematics

are normally distributed with µ=80 and σ=15. What is the
percentile rank of a score of 84?
The percentile rank of the score 84 in a test is 60.64.

THE NORMAL CURVE
Having obtained a score of 85 in

a recently concluded unit test in
Science, John wanted to know
how he fared in comparison with
his classmates. His teacher told
him that he scored at the 90th
percentile.
THE NORMAL CURVE
Find the upper

10% of the normal
curve.
THE NORMAL CURVE
A score is in the 96th percentile. Where is the

score under the normal curve?
THE NORMAL CURVE
A farmer has a new calf on his ranch, and he

needs to weigh it for his records. The calf
weighs 46.2 kg. He consults his Angus calf
growth chart and notes that the average
weight of a newborn calf is 41.9 kg with a
standard deviation of 6.7 kg. In what percentile
is his calf's weight?
THE NORMAL CURVE
A farmer has a new calf on his

ranch, and he needs to weigh it for
his records. The calf weighs 46.2
kg. He consults his Angus calf
growth chart and notes that the
average weight of a newborn calf
is 41.9 kg with a standard
deviation of 6.7 kg. In what
percentile is his calf's weight?
THE NORMAL CURVE
Mary is taking the GRE test in order to

apply for graduate school. She wants to
have a strong chance of getting into the
school of her dreams and decides to try
and score in the 95th percentile. She does
some research and finds that the average
GRE score is 302 with a standard deviation
of 15.2. What score should she be aiming
for?
THE NORMAL CURVE
Mary is taking the GRE test in order to

apply for graduate school. She wants to
have a strong chance of getting into the
school of her dreams and decides to try
and score in the 95th percentile. She
does some research and finds that the
average GRE score is 302 with a standard
deviation of 15.2. What score should she
be aiming for?
APPLYING NORMAL DISTRIBUTION
IN PROBLEM SOLVING
Joy and Ligaya took an entrance

examination in their dream school.
Scores are normally distributed with
a mean of 120 and a standard
deviation of 10. If Joy's z-score is -1.5
and Ligaya's z-score is 1.5, what
were their scores in the
examination?
IN PROBLEM SOLVING
Joy
Ligaya
IN PROBLEM SOLVING
A certain light bulb company

manufactures LED lights that has
an average life span of 50,000
hours with a standard deviation
of 2,500 hours. What percent of
light bulb last at least 55,000
hours?
IN PROBLEM SOLVING
A certain light bulb company manufactures LED lights that has an

average life span of 50,000 hours with a standard deviation of 2,500
hours. What percent of light bulb last at least 55,000 hours?
IN PROBLEM SOLVING
Assuming the normal heart rate in

normal healthy individuals is
normally distributed with mean of
70 and standard deviation of 10
bpm. Find the percentage of
individuals whose heartbeat is
below 40 bpm or above 100 bpm?
IN PROBLEM SOLVING
Assuming the normal heart rate in normal healthy individuals is normally

distributed with mean of 70 and standard deviation of 10 bpm. Find the
percentage of individuals whose heartbeat is below 40 bpm or above 100
bpm?
IN PROBLEM SOLVING
The average menstrual

cycle is 28 days with
standard deviation of 4
days. Find the probability of
women whose menstrual
cycle is between 21 nd 35
days.
IN PROBLEM SOLVING
The average menstrual cycle is 28 days with standard

deviation of 4 days. Find the probability of women whose
menstrual cycle is between 21 and 35 days.
IN PROBLEM SOLVING
The IQ scores of 1000 students are normally

distributed with a mean of 100 and a standard
deviation of 15. How many students have an IQ
which is higher than 115?
IN PROBLEM SOLVING
The weight of 1000 5 yr old children

are normally distributed with a mean
of 20 kg and a standard deviation of
1.5 kg. How many children have a
weight which is les than 21.5 kg?
IN PROBLEM SOLVING
Chaka will take the national

achievement test. Scores in NAT are
normally distributed with average of
240 and standard deviation of 32.
What must be the score of Chaka if
she aim to belong in the highest 5%?
IN PROBLEM SOLVING
The average of Grade 11 students in

DRECMNHS is normally distributed
with a mean of 87 and a standard
deviation of 5. Charing ranks 67th
percentile, what is her grade?

Normal Distribution

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NORMAL

EXAMINATION RESULTS ARE DATA THAT CAN BE STUDIED AT LENGTH

IF YOU ASK ENOUGH

-IS A CONTINUOUS PROBABILITY

IF A WELL PREPARED TEST IS ADMINISTERED TO A CLASS OF 100

1. THE DISTRIBUTION CURBE IS BELL

5. THE TAILS OF THE CURVE

6. THE AREA UNDER THE

The standard deviation determines the shape of the graphs

THE AVERAGE IQ SCORE IS 100 WITH A STANDARD DEVIATION OF 15.

1. WHAT SCORE FALL WITHIN 68% OF THE DISTRIBUTION?

THE AVERAGE GRADE OF SHS STUDENTS IN

THE HEIGHT OF G11 STUDENTS ARE NORMALLY

COMPLETE THE TABLE BELOW.

-USED TO DETERMINE THE

THE NORMAL DISTRIBUTION IS SYMMETRICAL, SO IF YOU ARE

USE THE Z TABLE TO FIND THE AREA THAT CORRESPONDS TO EACH

Find the area that corresponds to z=2.

Find the area that corresponds to z=2

Area of probability= 0.4772

Find the area that corresponds to z=2.47

Find the area that corresponds to z=2.47

Area of probability= 0.4932

Find the area that corresponds to z=-2.47

Find the area that corresponds to z=-2.47

Area of probability= 0.4932

greater than, to the

greater than, to the

less than, at most, no

less than, at most, no

Determine the area

The value that corresponds

The value that corresponds

The value that corresponds

The value that corresponds

Same subtract the biggest area to

Determine the area under the standard normal curve in between

Determine the area under the standard normal curve in between

The value that

Determine the area under the standard normal curve in between

Determine the area under the standard normal curve in between

The value that

1. Find the proportion of the area above z=-1.

Z-SCORE FOR POPULATION DATA

Z-SCORE FOR SAMPLE DATA

THE AREAS UNDER THE NORMAL CURVE ARE GIVEN IN

GIVEN THE MEAN =50 AND THE STANDARD DEVIATION = 4 OF A POPULATION

LOCATE THE Z VALUE THAT CORRESPONDS TO A PE SCORE OF 39 GIVEN THAT

For any set of measurements (arranged in ascending or

For example, in a test in Algebra, you got a score of 82 and you

The results of a nationwide

The results of a nationwide aptitude test in mathematics

The percentile rank of the score 84 in a test is 60.64.

Having obtained a score of 85 in

Find the upper

A score is in the 96th percentile. Where is the

A farmer has a new calf on his ranch, and he

A farmer has a new calf on his

Mary is taking the GRE test in order to