AC Tutorial Questions

TUTORIAL QUESTIONS
Subject: Analog Communications
UNIT- I
1. With necessary expressions, waveforms and spectra, explain AM for an arbitrary baseband
signal m(t)
2. The output power of an AM transmitter is 1 KW when sinusoidally modulated to a depth of

100%. Calculate the power in each sideband when the modulation depth is reduced to 50%.
3. Explain the square law method of generating AM.
4. An AM wave is given by s(t) = 25(1+0.7cos5000t + 0.3cos1000t)sin 5x106t.

(i) What are the amplitudes and frequencies of the carrier and the sidebands?
(ii) Draw the one sided spectrum.
(iii) Determine the Bandwidth.
5. Draw the block diagram of a communication system and explain the function of each block.
6. Explain the operation of envelope detector in demodulating AM waves.
7. A broadcast AM transmitter radiates 50 KW of carrier power. What will be radiated power

at 85% modulation and what is the sideband power?
UNIT-II
1. Draw the circuit diagram for ring modulator and explain its operation indicating all the
waveforms and spectra.
2. In an AM-SC system, modulating signal is a single tone sinusoid 4cos2πx103t which
modulates a carrier signal 6cos2πx106t. Write the equation of the modulated wave. Plot the
two sided spectrum of the modulated wave. Calculate the amount of power transmitted.
3. Explain about the quadrature null effect of coherent detector.
4. In DSB-SC, suppression of carrier so as to save transmitter power results in receiver
complexity – Justify this statement.
5. Explain with block diagram, the filter method of generating SSB-SC waves.
6. Explain the phase discrimination method of SSB-SC generation.
7. Describe the VSB modulation and demodulation with relevant spectra.

8. Compare different AM systems with applications.
UNIT - III
1. Obtain the expressions for single tone FM and PM by defining modulation index in each case.
2. Find the carrier and modulating frequencies, modulation index, the maximum deviation
and the average power of FM wave represented by the voltage equation: v = 12cos(6x108t
+ 5sin1250t)
3. Derive an expression for WBFM wave and show that the BW required is infinite (theoretically).
4. A carrier is frequency modulated with a sinusoidal signal of 2 KHz, resulting in a

maximum frequency deviation of 5 KHz.
(i) Find the BW of the modulated signal.
(ii) The amplitude of the modulating sinusoid is increased by a factor of 3, and its frequency is
lowered to 1 KHz. Find the maximum frequency deviation and the BW of the new modulated
signal.
5. Describe the Indirect method of generation of FM. What are its advantages over direct method?
6. Compare FM and AM systems.
UNIT- IV
1. Classify radio transmitters in detail.

2. Describe Armstrong FM transmitter with a block diagram.
3. Explain the operation of SSB transmitter using phase shift method with the help of its
block diagram.
4. What are the salient features of broadcast receivers?
5. Explain how the use of an RF amplifier improves the SNR of a superheterodyne
receiver.
6. Briefly explain the function of each of the blocks in the superheterodyne receiver.
For a broadcast superheterodyne AM receiver having no RF amplifier, the loaded Q of
the antenna coupling circuit is 100. If the IF is 455 KHz, determine the following:
(i) the image frequency and its rejection ratio at an incoming frequency of 1000 KHz.
(ii) the image frequency and its rejection ratio at an incoming frequency of 25 MHz
7. List the advantages and disadvantages of TRF receiver.
8. What is the necessity of tracking in radio receivers? Explain the three point tracking
employed in radio receivers.
UNIT- V
1. Explain the noise performance of SSB-SC receiver and prove its figure of merit is unity.
2. Describe the noise performance of FM systems.
3. Prove that the figure of merit of AM system for single tone modulation with 100% modulation
is 1/3.
4. An AM system with envelope detection is operating at threshold. Determine the power
gain in dB needed at the transmitter to produce output SNR of 30dB for tone modulation
with m=1.
5. Explain the principle of PAM generation.
6. Explain the principle of TDM with neat sketches. Compare TDM with FDM.
7. State and prove sampling theorem.
8. Define PWM and PPM. With necessary waveforms illustrate how PPM is derived from
PWM.

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TUTORIAL QUESTIONS

Subject: Analog Communications

2. The output power of an AM transmitter is 1 KW when sinusoidally modulated to a depth of

3. Explain the square law method of generating AM.

4. An AM wave is given by s(t) = 25(1+0.7cos5000t + 0.3cos1000t)sin 5x106t.

6. Explain the operation of envelope detector in demodulating AM waves.

7. A broadcast AM transmitter radiates 50 KW of carrier power. What will be radiated power

7. Describe the VSB modulation and demodulation with relevant spectra.

4. A carrier is frequency modulated with a sinusoidal signal of 2 KHz, resulting in a

6. Compare FM and AM systems.

1. Classify radio transmitters in detail.

7. List the advantages and disadvantages of TRF receiver.

2. Describe the noise performance of FM systems.

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