ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I own a great sense of gratitude towards Mr. Sarvesh Agarwal, Founder & CEO Of
Internshala and all faculty members of Internshala, who conducted my training schedules and
visits during Summer Training for Eight weeks. I am thankful for their unprecedented guidance
and cooperation in making my training ajoyful learning and acquiring the skills throughout the
training period of Eight weeks.I was able to successfully complete my training and also
accomplish my project report under their valuable guidance from beginning to end of training.

I would also like to place on record my sincere thanks to all the worker Andstaff of
Internshala
for facilitating our visit and demonstrating the workers of Internshala.

I would also like to express my gratitude to all the concerned ministerial staff andcrews for
countinous support and cooperation.

I would like to acknowledge the meaningful lectures and rich academicdeliberations of Mr.
Sarvesh Agarwal and other faculty.

I hope my project report will reflect my learning, technical understand, knowledgeand skillful
insights which I was able to gain during my training at Internshala.

(ASHUTOSH TRIVEDI)
TRAINEE,SUMMER TRAINING
ND
2 YEAR,DIPLOMA,
(COMPUTER SCIENCE ENGINEERING)
ARYAVART INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY &MANAGEMENT
LUCKNOW
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Downloading Python Python 1-2
1.2 Scripting Language 2-3
1.3 Object Oriented Programming 3-3
1.4 History of python 3-4
1.5 Behind the Scene of Python 5-5

DOWNLOADING & INSTALLING PYTHON

2.1 Good 6-7
2.2 Installing Python 8-10
2.3 Setup path of variable 10-11
2.4 Running The Python IDE 12-13
2.5 Python code Execution 13-13

DATA TYPES & OPERATOR

3.1 Data Type 14-15
3.2 Variables 15-15
3.3 String 15-16
3.4 Python Operator 16-17
3.5 Arithmetic Operator 17-17

TUPLE & LIST

4.1 Tuple 18-20
a) Accessing List Values 18-18
b) Built in Operation 18-19
c) Built in Touple Function 19-19
4.2 List 20-20
a) Accessing List Values
b) Built in Operation
c) Built in Function

LOOPS & CONDITIONAL STATEMENTS

Loops
Loops Definition 21-21
Loops Example 22-22
Conditional Statement 23-23
Conditional Statement Definition 23-23
Conditional Statement Example 24-26
a) Function 25-25
b) Syntax & Examples 25-26
USES & SCOPE OF PYTHON
What can we do With Python? 26-26
Who Uses Python Today? 27-27
Why do People use python? 28-28
 PYTHON:-

 Python is a widely used high-level, general-purpose, interpreted, dynamic

programming language. Its design philosophy emphasizes code readability, and its
syntax allows programmers to express concepts in fewer lines of code than would
be possible in languages such as C++ or Java. The language provides constructs
intended toenable clear programs on both a small and large scale.

 Python supports multiple programming paradigms, including object-oriented,

imperative and functional programming or procedural styles. It features a dynamic
type system and automatic memory management and has a large and
comprehensive standard library. Python interpreters are available for installation on
many operating systems, allowing Python code execution on a wide variety of
systems.

SCRIPTING LANGUAGE:-

 A scripting or script language is a programming language that supportsscripts, programs

written for a special run-time environment that automate the execution of tasks that
could alternatively be executed one-by-one by a human operator.

 Scripting languages are often interpreted (rather than compiled). Primitives are usually
the elementary tasks or API calls, and the language allows them to be combined into
more complex programs. Environments that can be automated through scripting include
software applications, web pages within a web browser, the shells of operating systems
(OS), embedded systems, as well as numerous games.

 A scripting language can be viewed as a domain-specific language for a particular

environment; in the case of scripting an application, this is also known as an extension
language. Scripting languages are also sometimes referred to as very high-level
programming languages, as they operate at a high level of abstraction, or as control
languages.

OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE:-

 Object-oriented programming (OOP) is a programming paradigm based on the concept

of "objects", which may contain data, in the formof fields, often known as attributes; and
code, in the form of procedures, often known as methods. A distinguishing feature of
objects is that an object's procedures can access and often modify the data fields of the
object with which they are associated (objects have anotion of "this" or "self").

 In OO programming, computer programs are designed by making themout of objects

that interact with one another. There is significant diversity in object oriented
programming, but most popular languagesare class-based, meaning that objects are
instances of classes, which typically also determines their type.
 HISTORY

Python was conceived in the late 1980s, and its implementation was started in December
1989 by Guido van Rossum at CWI in the Netherlands as a successor to the ABC language
(itself inspired by SETL) capable of exception handling and interfacing with the Amoeba
operatingsystem. Van Rossum is Python's principal author, and his continuing central role
in deciding the direction of Python is reflected in the title given to him by the Python
community, benevolent dictator for life (BDFL).

“Python is an experiment in how much freedom programmers need. Too much freedom and
nobody can read another's code; too little and expressiveness is endangered.”

- GUIDO VAN ROSSUM

 BEHIND THE SCENE OF PYTHON

ABOUT THE ORIGIN OF PYTHON, VAN ROSSUM WROTE IN 1996:

 Over six years ago, in December 1989, I was looking for a "hobby" programming
project that would keep me occupied during the week around Christmas. My office ...
would be closed, but I had a home Computer, and not much else on my hands. I decided
to write an interpreter for the new scripting language I had been thinking about lately: a
descendant of ABC that would appeal to Unix/C hackers. I chose Python as a working
title for the project, being in a slightly irreverent mood (and a big fan of Monty
Python's Flying Circus).

DOWNLOADING PYTHON:-

 If you don’t already have a copy of Python installed on your computer, you will need
to open up your Internet browser and go to the Python download page
 ( http://www.python.org/download/).

 Now that you are on the download page, select which of the software builds you would like
to download. For the purposes of this article wewill use the most up to date version available
(Python 3.4.1).
 Now that you are on the download page, select which of the software builds you would
like to download. For the purposes of this article wewill use the most up to date version
available (Python 3.4.1).

 Once you have clicked on that, you will be taken to a page with a description of all the
new updates and features of 3.4.1, however, you can always read that while the
download is in process. Scroll to the bottom of the page till you find the “Download”
section and click on the link that says “download page.”

 Now you will scroll all the way to the bottom of the page and find the “Windows x86
MSI installer.” If you want to download the 86-64 bit MSI, feel free to do so. We
believe that even if you have a 64-bit operating system installed on your computer, the
86-bit MSI is preferable. We say this because it will still run well and sometimes, with
the 64- bit architectures, some of the compiled binaries andPython libraries don’t work
well.
INSTALLING PYTHON:

 Once you have downloaded the Python MSI, simply navigate to the download location
on your computer, double clicking the file and pressing Run when the dialog box pops
up.

 If you are the only person who uses your computer, simply leave the “Install for all
users” option selected. If you have multiple accounts onyour PC and don’t want to
install it across all accounts, select the “Install just for me” option then press “Next.”
 if you want to change the install location, feel free to do so; however, it is best to leave it
as is and simply select next, Otherwise...
 Scroll down in the window and find the “Add Python.exe to Path” andclick on the small
red “x.” Choose the “Will be installed on local harddrive” option then press “Next.”

 Now that you have completed the installation process, click on “Finish.
SETUP THE PATH VARIABLE:

 Begin by opening the start menu and typing in “environment” and select the option
called “Edit the system environment variables.”

 When the “System Properties” window appears, click on“Environment Variables…”

 Once you have the “Environment Variables” window open, direct yourfocus to the
bottom half. You will notice that it controls all the “System Variables” rather than just
this associated with your user. Click on “New…” to create a new variable for Python.

 Simply enter a name for your Path and the code shown below. For the purposes of this
example we have installed Python 2.7.3, so we will call the path: “Pythonpath.” The
string that you will need to enter is:
 “C:\Python27\;C:\Python27\Scripts;”
RUNNING THE PYTHON IDE:-

 Now that we have successfully completed the installation process and

added our
 “Environment Variable,” you are ready to create your first basic
Python script. Let’s begin by opening Python’s GUI by pressing
“Start” and typing “Python” and selecting the “IDLE (Python GUI).”

 Once the GUI is open, we will begin by using the simplest directive possible. This is the
“print” directive which simply prints whatever you tell it to, into a new line. Start by
typing a print directive like the one shown in the image below or copy and paste this text
then press
 “Enter”: print (“Congratulations on executing your first print directive!”)
 PYTHON CODE EXECUTION:
 Python’s traditional runtime execution model: source code you typeis translated to byte
code, which is then run by the Python Virtual Machine. Your code is automatically
compiled, but then it is interpreted.

 Source code extension is .py

 Byte code extension is .pyc (compiled python code)

DATA TYPE:
(This is called dynamic typing). Data types determine whether an object can do
something, whether it just would not make sense. Other programming languages often
determine whether an operation makes sense for an object by making sure the object
can never be stored somewhere where the operation will be performed on the object
(this type system is called static typing). Python does not do that. Instead it stores the
type of an object with the object, and checks when the operation is performed whether
that operation makes sense for that object.
Python has many native data types. Here are the important ones:

 Booleans are either True or False.

 Numbers can be integers (1 and 2), floats (1.1 and 1.2), fractions(1/2 and 2/3), or
even complex numbers.
 Strings are sequences of Unicode characters, e.g. an HTMLdocument.
 Bytes and byte arrays, e.g. a JPEG image file.
 Lists are ordered sequences of values.
 Tuples are ordered, immutable sequences of values.
 Sets are unordered bags of values.
 VARIABLE

 Variables are nothing but reserved memory locations to store values.This means that
when you create a variable you reserve some spacein memory.

 Based on the data type of a variable, the interpreter allocatesmemory and decides what
can be stored in the reserved memory. Therefore, by assigning different data types to
variables, you can store integers, decimals or characters in these variables.

EXAMPLE:

 Counter = 100 #An integer

 Assignment miles = 1000.0 #A Floating
 Point name=”John” #A String

STRING:

 In programming terms, we usually call text a string. When you think of a string as
a collection of letters, the term makes sense.

 All the letters, numbers, and symbols in this book could be a string.For that matter, your
name could be a string, and so could your address.

CREATING STRINGS:

 In Python, we create a string by putting quotes around text. Forexample, we could

take our otherwise useless.

“hello”+”world” “helloworld” #concatenation

“hello”*3 “hellohellohello” #repetition

“hello”[0] “h” #indexing

“hello”[-1] “o” #(from end)

“hello”[1:4] “ell” #slicing

Lan(“hello”) “5” #size

“hello”<”jello” 1 #comparison
 PYTHON OPERATOR

ARITHMETIC OPERATOR:

Opearator Meaning Example

+ Add two operands or unary plus x+y

+2

Subtract right operand from the left or unary minus x-y

-
-2

* Multiply two operands x*y

/ Divide left operand by the right one (always results into float) x/y

% Modulus - remainder of the division of left operand by the x%y

right (remainder of
x/y)

// Floor division - division that results into whole number x // y

adjusted to the left in the number line

** Exponent - left operand raised to the power of right x**y (x to the

power y)
TUPLES:

A tuple is a sequence of immutable Python objects. Tuples are sequences,just like lists.
The differences between tuples and lists are, the tuples cannot be changed unlike lists and
tuples use parentheses.

ACCESSING VALUES IN TUPLES:

To access values in tuple, use the square brackets for slicing along withthe index or
indices to obtain value available at that index. For example
− tup1 = ('physics',
'chemistry', 1997, 2000); tup2 = (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 ); print "tup1[0]: ",tup1[0] print
"tup2[1:5]: ", tup2[1:5]
When the above code is executed, it produces the following result −tup1[0]:
physics tup2[1:5]: [2, 3, 4, 5]

BASIC TUPLES OPERATIONS:

Tuples respond to the + and * operators much like strings; they mean concatenation and
repetition here too, except that the resultis a new tuple, not a string. In fact, tuples respond
to all of the general sequence operations we used on strings in the priorchapter –

Python Expression Results Description

len((1, 2, 3)) 3 Length

(1, 2, 3) + (4, 5, 6) (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6) Concatenation

('Hi!',) * 4 ('Hi!', 'Hi!', 'Hi!', 'Hi!') Repetition

BUILT-IN TUPLE FUNCTIONS:

Python includes the following tuple functions −

SN Function with Description

1 cmp(tuple1, tuple2) Compares elements of both tuples.

2 len(tuple) Gives the total length of the tuple.

3 max(tuple) Returns item from the tuple with max value.

4 min(tuple) Returns item from the tuple with min value.

5 tuple(seq) Converts a list into tuple.

 LIST:
 The list is a most versatile datatype available in Python which canbe written as a list of
comma- separated values (items) between square brackets. Important thing about a list
is that items in a list need not be of the same type.
 Creating a list is as simple as putting different comma-separated values between square
brackets. For example − list1 = ['physics', 'chemistry', 1997, 2000]; list2 = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5
]; list3 = ["a", "b", "c","d"];
 Similar to string indices, list indices start at 0, and lists can be sliced, concatenated and
so on.

Accessing Values in Lists:

□ To access values in lists, use the square brackets for slicing along with the index or
indices to obtain value available at that index. For example − list1 = ['physics',
'chemistry', 1997,
□ 2000]; list2 = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 ]; print "list1[0]: ", list1[0] print "list2[1:5]: ", list2[1:5]

Output: list1[0]: physics

list2[1:5]: [2, 3, 4, 5]
Update: list = ['physics', 'chemistry', 1997, 2000]; print
"Value available at index 2 : " print list[2] list[2] = 2001; print "New
value available at index 2 : " print list[2]
Output: Value available at index 2 :
1997 New value available at index 2 :
2001
Delete: list1 = ['physics', 'chemistry', 1997, 2000]; print list1 dellist1[2]; print
"After deleting value at index 2: " print
list1
['physics', 'chemistry', 1997, 2000]
Output: After deleting value at index 2: ['physics', 'chemistry', 2000]
..
BASIC LIST OPERATION:

Python Expression Results Description

len([1, 2, 3]) 3 Length

[1, 2, 3] + [4, 5, 6] [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6] Concatenation

['Hi!'] * 4 ['Hi!', 'Hi!', 'Hi!', 'Hi!'] Repetition

3 in [1, 2, 3] True Membership

for x in [1, 2, 3]: print x, 123 Iteration

BUILD-IN LIST FUNCTION:

SN Function with Description

1 cmp(list1, list2) Compares elements of both lists.

2 len(list) Gives the total length of the list.

3 max(list) Returns item from the list with max value.

4 min(list) Returns item from the list with min value.

5 list(seq) Converts a tuple into list.

PYTHON INCLUDES FOLLOWING LIST METHOD:

SN Methods with Description

1 list.append(obj) Appends object obj to list

2 list.count(obj) Returns count of how many times obj occurs in list

3 list.extend(seq) Appends the contents of seq to list

4 list.index(obj) Returns the lowest index in list that obj appears

5 list.insert(index, obj) Inserts object obj into list at offset index

6 list.pop(obj=list[-1]) Removes and returns last object or obj from list

7 list.remove(obj) Removes object obj from list

8 list.reverse() Reverses objects of list in place

9 list.sort([func]) Sorts objects of list, use compare func if given

 LOOP DEFINITION

 Programming languages provide various control structures that allow for more
complicated execution paths.
 A loop statement allows us to execute a statement or group of statements multiple times.
The following diagram illustrates a loopstatement −

> x>y

Greater that - True if left operand is greater than the right

< Less that - True if left operand is less than the right x<y

== Equal to - True if both operands are equal x == y

!= Not equal to - True if operands are not equal x != y

>= Greater than or equal to - True if left operand is greater than or equal x >= y
to the right
<= Less than or equal to - True if left operand is less than or equal to the +x <=
right y
 Python programming language provides following types of loops tohandle looping
requirements.

Loop Type Description

while loop Repeats a statement or group of statements while a given condition is

TRUE. It tests the condition before executing the loop body.

for loop Executes a sequence of statements multiple times and abbreviates the
code that manages the loop variable.

nested loops You can use one or more loop inside any another while, for or
do..while loop.

Loop Example:

For Loop:

>>> for mynum in [1, 2, 3, 4,5]:

print ("Hello", mynum ) Hello 1
Hello 2
Hello 3
Hello 4
Hello 5
 While Loop:

>>> count = 0 >>while(count< 4):

print 'The count is:', count count

= count + 1

The count is: 0

The count is: 1

The count is: 2
The count is: 3

Conditional Statements:

 Decision making is anticipation of conditions occurring while execution of the program and
specifying actions taken according to the conditions.
 Decision structures evaluate multiple expressions which produce TRUE or FALSE
as outcome. You need to determine which action to take and which statements to
execute if outcome is TRUE or FALSE otherwise.
Python programming language provides following types of decision makingstatements. Click
the following links to check their detail.

Statement Description

if statements An if statement consists of a boolean expression

followed by one or more statements.

if...else statements An if statement can be followed by an optional else

statement, which executes when the boolean expression
is FALSE.

nested if statements You can use one if or else if statement inside

another if or else if statement(s).

Example:
If Statement:
a=33
b=200
If b>a:
print(“b”)
If...Else Statement:
a=200
b=33 if
b>a:
print(“b is greater than a”)else:
print(“a is greater than b”)
 FUNCTION:

Function blocks begin with the keyword def followed by the function nameand parentheses ( (
)
).
Any input parameters or arguments should be placed within theseparentheses. You can
also define parameters inside these parentheses.
The first statement of a function can be an optional statement - thedocumentation string of the
function.
The code block within every function starts with a colon (:) and is indented.
The statement return [expression] exits a function, optionally passing back an expression to the
caller. A return statement with no arguments is the sameas return None.

Syntax:
Def functionname(parameters):
“function_docstring”
Function_suite
Return[expression]
Example:

Def printme(str):
“this print a passed string into this
function” print str return
1. # Function definition is here
def printme( str ):
"This prints a passed string into this
function" print str return;

# Now you can call printme function printme("I'm first call to

user defined function!") printme("Again second call to the same
function")
 SCOPE OF PYTHON:

1 - Science
- Bioinformatics

2 - System Administration
- Unix
- Web logic
- Web sphere

3 - Web Application Development

What Can We do With Python?

1 - System programming
2 - Graphical User Interface Programming 3
- Internet Scripting
4 - Component Integration
5 - Database Programming
6 - Gaming, Images, XML , Robot and more

WHO USES PYTHON TODAY?

• Python is being applied in real revenue-generating products by realcompanies.

• Google makes extensive use of Python in its web search system, andemploys
Python’s creator.
• Intel, Cisco, Hewlett-Packard, Seagate, Qualcomm, and IBM usePython for
hardware testing.
• ESRI uses Python as an end-user customization tool for its popularGIS mapping
products.

WHY DO PEOPLE USE PYTHON?

• The YouTube video sharing service is largely written in Python.

• Python is object-oriented o Structure supports such concepts as
polymorphism, operation overloading, and multiple
inheritance.
• Indentation o Indentation is one of the greatest future in Python.
• It's free (open source) o Downloading and installing Python is free
and easy o Source code is easily accessible
• It's powerful o Dynamic typing o Built-in types and tools o
Library utilities
o Third party utilities (e.g. Numeric, NumPy, SciPy)
o Automatic memory management
• It's portable o Python runs virtually every major platform used today
o As long as you have a compatible Python interpreter installed,
Python programs will run in exactly the same manner, irrespective
of platform.
 CONCLUSION

I believe the trial has shown conclusively that it is both possible and
desirable to use Python as the principal teaching language:

 It is Free (as in both cost and source code).

 It is trivial to install on a Windows PC allowing students to take
their interest further. For many the hurdle of installing a Pascal or
C compileron a Windows machine is either too expensive or too
complicated;
 It is a flexible tool that allows both the teaching of traditional
procedural programming and modern OOP; It can be used to
teach alarge number of transferable skills;
 It is a real-world programming language that can be and is
used inacademia and the commercial world;
 It appears to be quicker to learn and, in combination with its
many libraries, this offers the possibility of more rapid student
development allowing the course to be made more challenging
and varied;
 and most importantly, its clean syntax offers increased
understandingand enjoyment for students