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SAN ANTONIO INFOTECH SCHOOL INC.
143 ME C. Harina Street, Poblacion, San Antonio, Quezon

(043) 703-2273
Science 7
Quarter 1
Week 2
Lesson 2. Diversity of Materials in the Environment: Solutions
Learning Objectives:
The students will be able to:
 Differentiate unsaturated, saturated, and supersaturated solutions;
 Explain the difference between percent by weight and percent by volume of solutions;
 Identify and explain solute from solvent.
 Solutions have properties that make them very useful in everyday life. The stainless steel used in
many things you see around you is a solid solution of iron with some chromium dissolved in it. The
presence of chromium protects the iron from corrosion.
Examples:
Salt water, rubbing alcohol, sugar dissolved in water
Parts of a Solutions
The particles of solutions are too tiny to be seen by the naked eye. Thus solutions appear to be
homogeneous. Solutions also cannot be filtered because particles of solutions can pass through the holes
of filter paper. An unlike colloids, solutions do not scatter light.
 Solute is the material present in smaller amount, also referred to as the substance that dissolves
 Solvent is the substance present in larger amount, while the solute is the substance that is
dissolved
A solution that has water as the solvent is generally termed as an aqueous solution.
Types of Solutions
 Solutions may be classified according to the state of the solvent, according to their solubility, and
according to their concentrations.
 Solutions exist in the three states of matter: solid, liquid, and gas.
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Science 7
Quarter 1
 A solute or a solvent can either be a gas, liquid, or solid but the final state of the solution is
determined by the state of the solvent.
Solubility
 The maximum amount of solute that is dissolved in a given amount of solvent at a specific
temperature. It is usually expressed in grams of solute in exactly 100 g of solvent.
 In the solution process, the terms soluble and miscible refer to solids dissolved in liquids and
liquids dissolved in liquids, respectively.
 A solid substance that dissolves completely in a given solvent is said to be soluble.
 Two liquids that completely mix in each other are said to be miscible.
 Solutes and solvents that differ in state and do not dissolve appreciably are insoluble.
 Solutes and solvents of the same state that do not mix appreciably are immiscible.
Saturated, Unsaturated, and Supersaturated Solutions
 A solution that has reached its maximum solubility is referred to as a saturated solution.
 An unsaturated solution is a solution that can still dissolved more solute in the given amount of
solvent at a given temperature.
 A supersaturated solution is prepared by setting a saturated solution at a higher temperature.
Factors Affecting Solubility

1. The nature of solute and solvent - The solubility of some solutes depends on the nature of the
solute and solvent. Polar solvents dissolve polar solutes.
2. Temperature - Solids are usually more soluble in liquids at higher temperatures. For instance,
sugar dissolves faster in hot water than in cold.
3. Pressure - Pressure does not affect the solubility of liquids and solids. However, it greatly affects
the solubility of gases in liquids.
Concentrations of Solutions
 Solutions may be classified on the basis of the amount of solvent and solute present in them.
When a solution contains a relatively large amount of solute per unit volume, the solution is said to
be concentrated.
 However, if the solution contains a relatively small amount of solute per unit volume, the solution is
said to be diluted. This concentration of solutions is only expressed qualitatively.
 The concentration of solution is the amount of solute present in a given quantity of solution.
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Science 7
Quarter 1
Percent by Mass and Percent by Volume
Percent by Mass
 Percent by mass, or % (m/m) of solution, refers to the mass of solute dissolved in 100 g solution. It
has no unit because it is a ratio of mass expressed in grams.
mass mass of solute
%( ¿= x 100
mass mass of solution
 The mass of solution is obtained by adding the mass of solute and the mass of solvent. The
equation is expressed this way:
mass of solution = mass of solute + mass of solvent
Percent by Volume
 Percent by volume, or % v/v, refers to the number of milliliters of solute dissolved in 100 mL
solution.
volume of solute
% volume/volume = x 100
volume of solution
Percent by Mass/Volume
 Percent by mass/ volume, or % (m/v), refers to the mass of solute dissolved in milliliters solution. It
is calculated by dividing the grams of solute by the milliliters of solution and multiplying by 100.
mass of solute
% mass/volume = x 100
volume of solution

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SAN ANTONIO INFOTECH SCHOOL INC.

143 ME C. Harina Street, Poblacion, San Antonio, Quezon

Factors Affecting Solubility

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