DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE

COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

COVENANT UNIVERSITY, CANAANLAND.

KM 10 IDIROKO ROAD, PMB 1023, OTA, OGUN STATE

QUESTIONNAIRE ON: Place Attachment in African Urban Slums: Evidence from in Inner-city Ibadan,
Nigeria

Dear Sir/Madam,

This Questionnaire is designed to elicit responses from residents for a Ph.D. research on issues pertaining to
housing assessment in the core area of Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria. Oke-Foko has been chosen as a case study
for this purpose.

The aim of this research is to assess the social and physical characteristics of the housing at Oke-Foko,
and to study the responses of the residents to their housing in order to formulate policies that will aid the
redevelopment of the housing stock.

It shall be appreciated if the household head or his/her representative fills this questionnaire. Please be assured
that the information, which you will provide will be treated in strict confidence and the results will be published
only in an aggregated form. You will therefore remain anonymous. Thank you very much for your anticipated
cooperation.

PART A: SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROFILES

DEMOGRAPHIC INFORMATION
1. What is your gender?
( ) Male ( ) Female ( ) Prefer not to say
2. What is your age group?
( ) Under 18 ( ) 18-24 ( ) 25-34 ( ) 35-44 ( ) 45-54 F. 55+
3. What is your highest level of education completed?
( ) No formal education ( ) Primary school ( ) Secondary school
( ) Vocational training ( ) University degree

[1] Primary [2] Junior Secondary [3] O level [4], OND [5], HND / B.Sc./B.A. [6],
Masters [7] Doctorate [8] Others, please specify[9]……………..

4. What is your current employment status?

( ) Employed full-time ( ) Employed part-time ( ) Self-employed
( ) Unemployed ( ) Student
5. How much do you spend on feeding, house rent, etc. monthly? HOW MUCH DO YOU SPEND
MONTHLY?
( ) Less than ₦50,000
 ( ) Between ₦50,000 - ₦100,000
( ) More than ₦100,000

HOW LONG HAVE YOU LIVED IN MAKOKO?

Less than 5 years [1] 5 - 9 years [2] 10 – 19 years [3] 20 - 29 years [4] 30 years or
over [5]

COMMUNITY-SPECIFIC INFORMATION
6. How many people have in your household?
( ) 1-2 people ( ) 3-4 people ( ) 5-6 people ( ) 7+ people
.

What is your current tenure status? renter [1] Owner-occupier[2] family house [3], Rent free
[4], Others (specify) [5]…………………………………………..

7. What type of housing do you currently reside in? (REMOVE-REPETITION)

( ) Permanent structure with basic amenities
( ) Temporary structure (shack, etc.)
( ) Shared accommodation
8. Do you have access to clean water and sanitation facilities?
( ) Yes, both clean water and sanitation facilities ( ) Yes, clean water only
( ) Yes, sanitation facilities only ( ) No, to neither
9. How do you currently dispose of waste in your household?
( ) Formal waste collection service( ) Burning waste
( ) Dumping in a nearby waterway/landfill
10. Are you aware of sustainable environmental practices?
( ) Yes ( ) No ( ) Unsure

COMMUNITY NEEDS AND PERCEPTIONS

11. What improvements would you like to see in your living conditions?
.......................................................................................................................................
12. What are the main challenges you face in your community?
.......................................................................................................................................
13. Are you involved in any community initiatives for sustainable development?
( ) Yes ( ) No ( ) I'd like to be involved
14. What support do you think is needed to improve living conditions in your community?
.......................................................................................................................................
15. How do you perceive the current level of services and infrastructure in your community?
( ) Very poor ( ) Poor( ) Neutral ( ) Good ( ) Very good
PART B: HOUSING AND ENVIRONMENT CHARACTERISTICS

1. What type of housing do you currently reside in?

( ) Permanent structure with basic amenities (e.g., walls, roof, separate rooms)
( ) Temporary structure (shack, etc.)
( ) Shared accommodation (dormitory-style living)
2. How would you describe the condition of your housing in terms of maintenance and repair?
( ) Well-maintained, in good repair ( ) Needs minor repairs
( ) In need of significant repairs ( ) Dilapidated and unsafe
3. Do you have access to basic housing facilities such as electricity and clean water?
( ) Yes, to both electricity and clean water ( ) Yes, to electricity only
( ) Yes, to clean water only ( ) No, to neither
4. Are there any environmental concerns in your living area such as pollution or waste management
issues? (Thick as many as are applicable)
( ) Yes, air and/or water pollution are significant concerns
( ) Yes, waste management is a major issue
( ) Yes, both pollution and waste management are concerns
( ) No, there are no major environmental concerns
5. How would you rate the safety and security of your housing environment?
( ) Very safe and secure ( ) Somewhat safe ( ) Somewhat unsafe
( ) Very unsafe
6. Are there any community initiatives or programs in place to address environmental
sustainability in your area?
( ) Yes, I am aware of and participate in some initiatives
( ) Yes, I am aware of some initiatives but don't participate
( ) No, I am not aware of any initiatives ( ) Unsure
7. What improvements would you like to see in terms of housing and environmental conditions in
your community? (REPETITION). SIMILAR TO 14 IN THE PRECEEDING SECTION
.......................................................................................................................................
8. How do you perceive the overall quality of life in your current housing environment?
( ) Very good ( ) Good ( ) Neutral ( ) Poor( ) Very poor

PART C: ENVIRONMENTAL INFORMAL URBANISM

1. Economic Activities in Informal Urban Areas:

Select all that apply:
( ) Create a significant number of jobs for residents.
( ) Provide a variety of affordable goods and services to the community.
( ) Encourage the growth of local entrepreneurship and small businesses.
( ) Have little to no impact on the local economy or livelihoods.
2. Social Dynamics and Community Networks:
Rank the following social dynamics in order of importance for promoting social cohesion and resilience in
informal settlements (1 = most important, 5 = least important):
( ) Self-help initiatives (e.g., communal repairs, childcare)
( ) Shared resources (e.g., water points, tools)
( ) Cultural practices (e.g., festivals, shared traditions)
( ) Strong social networks (e.g., kinship ties, neighborhood watch)
( ) Lack of social dynamics and networks
3. Environmental Practices and Sustainability:
How do environmental practices in informal urban areas typically impact the following aspects of
sustainability? (Select one option for each). LIST
THE ENVIRONMENTAL PRACTICES
FIRST AN ASK IF THEY ARE BEING IMPLEMENTED IN THEIR
COMMUNITY. WHO ARE THOSE IMPLEMENTING THEM, GOVT OR
THE COMMUNITY ITSELF
A. Waste Management:
( ) Increase waste generation and pollution.
( ) Encourage innovative recycling practices.
( ) Have no significant impact.
B. Green Spaces:
( ) Contribute to a lack of green spaces.
( ) Create small-scale green spaces (e.g., rooftop gardens).
( ) Have no significant impact.
C. Resource Conservation:
( ) Lead to higher resource consumption.
( ) Promote resourcefulness and reuse.
( ) Have no significant impact.
4. Addressing Environmental Challenges:
Describe how informal urban areas address at least TWO of the following environmental challenges: WHY
TWO? INCLUDE WASTE MANAGEMENT, ELECTRICITY, ROADS ETC
A. Climate change adaptation (e.g., flooding)
...................................................................................................................................................
B. Water management (e.g., scarcity)
...................................................................................................................................................
C. Biodiversity conservation (e.g., urban wildlife)
...................................................................................................................................................
5. Traditional Knowledge and Sustainable Practices:
Provide examples of how informal settlements integrate at least TWO of the following traditional knowledge
and practices for sustainable living:
 A. Indigenous building techniques (e.g., natural ventilation). ALSO INDIGENOUS BUILDING
MATERIALS
...................................................................................................................................................
B. Resource management practices (e.g., rainwater harvesting)
...................................................................................................................................................
6. Informal Economies and Social Equity:
In what ways do informal economies contribute to social equity and inclusivity within sustainable cities? (Select
all that apply)
( ) By providing affordable goods and services for low-income residents.
( ) By creating opportunities for income generation outside of formal employment.
( ) By fostering a sense of community and cultural exchange.
( ) Informal economies often exacerbate social inequalities. SIMPLIFY
7. Informal Urbanism and Vibrant Environments:
Describe how informal urbanism can contribute to the creation of vibrant and culturally rich environments in at
least TWO of the following ways: EXPURGE
A. Street art and murals
...................................................................................................................................................
B. Local festivals and cultural events
...................................................................................................................................................
C. Diverse culinary scenes and food vendors
...................................................................................................................................................
8. Policies and Interventions for Environmental Informal Urbanism: MERGE WITH QUESTION 3
UNDER THIS SECTION C
Rank the following policies and interventions in order of effectiveness for supporting the development of
environmental informal urbanism (1 = most effective, 5 = least effective):
( ) Microloans for green businesses (e.g., waste recycling)
( ) Infrastructure upgrades for sanitation and waste management
( ) Legal recognition of land tenure for informal settlements
( ) Relocation of informal settlements to planned areas
( ) Providing basic services without formalization

PART D: SUSTAINABLE ENVIRONMENTAL PRACTICES

IT WOULD BE PRETTY DIFFICULT FOR THEM TO ANSWER THESE QUESTIONS. IT IS NOT

MEANT FOR THE RESIDENTS BUT FOR EXPERTS. YOU CAN READ ABOUT
ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY PRACTICES IN LITERATURE, LIST THEM AND ASK
THE RESIDENTS IF THEY ARE BEING IMPLEMENTED IN THEIR COMMUNITY

1. What does “sustainable development” mean?

( ) Putting economic growth first, even if it harms the environment.
( ) Meeting current needs without hurting future generations' ability to meet their own needs.
( ) Only focusing on protecting the environment, ignoring economic development.
2. How does sustainable development balance economic development and environmental stability?
( ) By protecting the environment and slowing down economic growth.
( ) By growing economies without harming nature or causing pollution.
( ) By ignoring the environment for short-term economic gains.
3. What are governments doing about sustainable housing?
( ) Offering subsidies for rebuilding slum areas.
( ) Requiring new housing to meet sustainability standards.
( ) Ignoring the issue and building luxury housing.
4. How do global meetings help sustainable housing?
( ) Making countries agree to sustainable rules.
( ) Raising awareness and setting goals.
( ) Not affecting national policies much.
5. What makes housing sustainable?
( ) Energy efficiency ( ) Use of recycled or local materials
( ) Water conservation features ( ) Waste management infrastructure ( ) All of the above
6. What role do social, cultural, and economic factors matter in housing policies?
( ) They are not relevant.
( ) They are crucial for affordable, fitting housing.
( ) They are not important until we fix environmental issues.
7. Why is sustainability about more than the environment?
( ) It focuses solely on environmental protection.
( ) It is about keeping society, economy, and environment healthy for today and tomorrow.
( ) It is about growing the economy fast.
8. How does urban growth affect sustainable housing?
( ) It demands cheaper and better housing.
( ) It reduces the need for new housing.
( ) It does not matter for sustainable housing.
9. What happens if housing programs ignore sustainability?
( ) May lead to increased energy consumption, water waste, and pollution.
( ) Have no significant consequences.
( ) Will automatically become sustainable over time.
10. How does "Agenda 21" help housing?
( ) By giving money for houses.
( ) By making rules for sustainable housing everywhere.
( ) By building tall apartments in slums.