Plastic Waste Management Rules, 2016 English
Plastic Waste Management Rules, 2016 English
Plastic Waste Management Rules, 2016 English
Notification
G.S.R 320(E).― Whereas the Plastic Waste (Management and Handling) Rules, 2011
published vide notification number S.O 249 (E), dated 4th February, 2011 by the Government
of India in the erstwhile Ministry of Environment and Forests, as amended from time to time,
provided a regulatory frame work for management of plastic waste generated in the country;
And whereas, to implement these rules more effectively and to give thrust on plastic
waste minimization, source segregation, recycling, involving waste pickers, recyclers and
waste processors in collection of plastic waste fraction either from households or any other
source of its generation or intermediate material recovery facility and adopt polluter’s pay
principle for the sustainability of the waste management system, the Central Government
reviewed the existing rules;
And Whereas copies of the said Gazette were made available to the public on the 25 th
May, 2015;
And Whereas the objections and suggestions received within the said period from the
public in respect of the said draft rules have been duly considered by the Central
Government;
NOW, Therefore, in exercise of the powers conferred by sections 3,6 and 25 of the
Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 (29 of 1986), and in supersession of the Plastic Waste (
Management and Handling ) Rules, 2011, except as respects things done or omitted to be
done before such supersession, the Central Government hereby makes the following rules,
namely:-
1. Short title and commencement.-(1)These rules shall be called the Plastic Waste
Management Rules, 2016.
(1) Save as otherwise provided in these rules, they shall come into force on the
(2) The rule 4 shall not apply to the export oriented units or units in special economic
zones, notified by the Central Government, manufacturing their products against an order for
export: Provide this exemption shall not apply to units engaged in packaging of gutkha,
tobacco and pan masala and also to any surplus or rejects, left over products and the like.
(a) “Act” means the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 (29 of 1986);
(b) “brand owner” means a person or company who sells any commodity under a
registered brand label.
(c) “carry bags” mean bags made from plastic material or compostable plastic material,
used for the purpose of carrying or dispensing commodities which have a self
carrying feature but do not include bags that constitute or form an integral part of the
packaging in which goods are sealed prior to use.
(d) "commodity" means tangible item that may be bought or sold and includes all
marketable goods or wares;
(f) “consent" means the consent to establish and operate from the concerned State
Pollution Control Board or Pollution Control Committee granted under the Water
(Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 (6 of 1974), and the Air (Prevention
and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 (14 of 1981);
(g) “disintegration” means the physical breakdown of a material into very small
fragments;
(h) “extended producer’s responsibility ” means the responsibility of a producer for the
environmentally sound management of the product until the end of its life;
(i) “food-stuffs” mean ready to eat food products, fast food, processed or cooked food in
liquid, powder, solid or semi-solid form;
(j) “facility” means the premises used for collection, Storage, recycling, processing and
disposal of plastic waste;
(k) “importer” means a person who imports or intends to import and holds an Importer -
Exporter Code number, unless otherwise specifically exempted.
(l) “institutional waste generator” means and includes occupier of the institutional
buildings such as building occupied by Central Government Departments, State
Government Departments, public or private sector companies, hospitals, schools,
colleges, universities or other places of education, organisation, academy, hotels,
restaurants, malls and shopping complexes;
(m) “manufacturer” means and include a person or unit or agency engaged in production
of plastic raw material to be used as raw material by the producer.
(n) “multilayered packaging” means any material used or to be used for packaging and
having at least one layer of plastic as the main ingredients in combination with one or
more layers of materials such as paper, paper board, polymeric materials, metalised
layers or aluminium foil, either in the form of a laminate or co-extruded structure;
(na) Non-woven plastic bag” means Non-woven plastic bag made up of plastic sheet or
web structured fabric of entangled plastic fibers or filaments (and by perforating
films) bonded together by mechanical or thermal or chemical means, and the “non-
woven fabric” means a flat or tufted porous sheet that is made directly from plastic
fibres, molten plastic or plastic films;‟
(o) “plastic” means material which contains as an essential ingredient a high polymer
such as polyethylene terephthalate, high density polyethylene, Vinyl, low density
polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene resins, multi-materials like acrylonitrile
butadiene styrene, polyphenylene oxide, polycarbonate, Polybutylene terephthalate;
(p) “plastic sheet” means Plastic sheet is the sheet made of plastic;
(q) “plastic waste”means any plastic discardedafter use or after their intended use is
over;
(qa) Plastic waste processing” means any process by which plastic waste is handled for
the purpose of reuse, recycling, co-processing or transformation into new products;‟
(i) "recycling" means the process of transforming segregated plastic waste into a new
product or raw material for producing new products;
(t) "registration” means registration with the State Pollution Control Board or Pollution
Control Committee concerned, as the case may be;
(u) “street vendor” shall have the same meaning as assigned to it in clause (l) of sub-
section (1) of Section 2 of the Street Vendors (Protection of Livelihood and
Regulation of Street Vending) Act, 2014 (7 of 2014);
(v) “local body” means urban local body with different nomenclature such as municipal
corporation, municipality, nagarpalika, nagarnigam, nagarpanchayat, municipal
council including notified area committee (NAC) and not limited to or any other local
body constituted under the relevant statutes such as gram panchayat, where the
management of plastic waste is entrusted to such agency;
(va) Single-use plastic commodity” mean a plastic item intended to be used once for the
same purpose before being disposed of or recycled;‟ „
(vb) Thermoset plastic” means a plastic which becomes irreversibly rigid when heated and
hence cannot be remoulded into desired shape;‟ „
(vc) Thermoplastic” means a plastic which softens on heating and can be moulded into
desired shape;‟
(w) “virgin plastic” means plastic material which has not been subjected to use earlier
and has also not been blended with scrap or waste;
(x) “waste generator” means and includes every person or group of persons or
institution, residential and commercial establishments including Indian Railways,
Airport, Port and Harbour and Defense establishments which generate plastic waste;
(y) “waste management” means the collection, storage, transportation reduction, re-use,
recovery, recycling, composting or disposal of plastic waste in an environmentally
safe manner;
4. Conditions.- (1) The manufacture, import, stocking, distribution, sale and use of
carry bags, plastic sheets or like, or cover made of plastic sheet and multilayered packaging,
shall be subject to the following conditions, namely:-
a) carry bags and plastic packaging shall either be in natural shade which is without any
added pigments or made using only those pigments and colourants which are in
conformity with Indian Standard : IS 9833:1981 titled as “List of pigments and
colourants for use in plastics in contact with foodstuffs, pharmaceuticals and drinking
water”, as amended from time to time;
b) Carry bags made of recycled plastic or products made of recycled plastic shall not be
used for storing, carrying, dispensing or packaging ready to eat or drink food stuff’;
c) carry bag made of virgin or recycled plastic, shall not be less than fifty microns in
thickness; seventy five microns in thickness with effect from the 30th September,
2021and one hundred and twenty (120) microns in thickness with effect from the 31st
December, 2022” shall be substituted;
d) plastic sheet or like, which is not an integral part of multilayered packaging and cover
made of plastic sheet used for packaging, wrapping the commodity shall not be less
than fifty microns in thickness except where the thickness of such plastic sheets
impair the functionality of the product;
e) the manufacturer shall not sell or provide or arrange plastic to be used as raw material
to a producer, not having valid registration from the concerned State Pollution
Control Boards or Pollution Control Committee;
f) sachets using plastic material shall not be used for storing, packing or selling gutkha,
tobacco and pan masala;
g) recycling of plastic waste shall conform to the Indian Standard: IS 14534:1998 titled
as Guidelines for Recycling of Plastics, as amended from time to time;
i) plastic material, in any form including Vinyl Acetate - Maleic Acid - Vinyl Chloride
Copolymer, shall not be used in any package for packaging gutkha, pan masala and
tobacco in all forms.
j) non-woven plastic carry bag shall not be less than 60 Gram Per Square Meter (GSM)
with effect from the 30th September, 2021.
(2) The manufacture, import, stocking, distribution, sale and use of following singleuse
plastic, including polystyrene and expanded polystyrene, commodities shall be
prohibited with effect from the 1st July, 2022:-
(a) ear buds with plastic sticks, plastic sticks for balloons, plastic flags, candy sticks, ice-
cream sticks, polystyrene [Thermocol] for decoration;
(b) plates, cups, glasses, cutlery such as forks, spoons, knives, straw, trays, wrapping or
packing films around sweet boxes, invitation cards, and cigarette packets, plastic or
PVC banners less than 100 micron, stirrers.
(3) The provisions of sub-rule (2) (b) shall not apply to commodities made of
compostable plastic.
(4) Any notification prohibiting the manufacture, import, stocking, distribution, sale and
use of carry bags, plastic sheets or like, or cover made of plastic sheets and
multilayered packaging and single-use plastic, including polystyrene and expanded
polystyrene, commodities, issued after this notification, shall come into force after the
expiry of ten years, from the date of its publication”
5. Plastic waste management.- (1) The plastic waste management by the urban local
bodies in their respective jurisdiction shall be as under:-
(a) plastic waste, which can be recycled, shall be channelized to registered plastic waste
recycler and recycling of plastic shall conform to the Indian Standard: IS 14534:1998
titled as Guidelines for Recycling of Plastics, as amended from time to time.
(b) local bodies shall encourage the use of plastic waste (preferably the plastic waste
which cannot be further recycled) for road construction as per Indian Road Congress
guidelines or energy recovery or waste to oil etc. The standards and pollution control
norms specified by the prescribed authority for these technologies shall be complied
with.
(c) Thermo set plastic waste shall be processed and disposed off as per the guidelines
issued from time to time by the Central Pollution Control Board.
(d) The inert from recycling or processing facilities of plastic waste shall be disposed of
in compliance with the Solid Waste Management Rules, 2000 2016 or as amended
from time to time.
6. Responsibility of local body.- (1) Every local body shall be responsible for
development and setting up of infrastructure for segregation, collection, storage,
transportation, processing and disposal of the plastic waste either on its own or by engaging
agencies or producers.
(2) The local body shall be responsible for setting up, operationalisation and co-
ordination of the waste management system and for performing the associated functions,
namely:-
(3) The local body for setting up of system for plastic waste management shall seek
assistance of producers and such system shall be set up within one year from the date of final
publication of these rules in the Official Gazaette of India.
(4) The local body to frame bye-laws incorporating the provisions of these rules.
7. Responsibility of Gram Panchayat.- (1) Every gram panchayat either on its own or
by engaging an agency shall set up, operationalise and co-ordinate for waste management in
the rural area under their control and for performing the associated functions, namely,-
(a) take steps to minimize generation of plastic waste and segregate plastic waste at
source in accordance with the Solid Waste Management Rules, 2000 or as amended
from time to time.
(b) not litter the plastic waste and ensure segregated storage of waste at source and
handover segregated waste to urban local body or gram panchayat or agencies
appointed by them or registered waste pickers’, registered recyclers or waste
collection agencies;
(2) All institutional generators of plastic waste, shall segregate and store the waste
generated by them in accordance with the Municipal Solid Waste (Management and
Handling) Rules, 2000 notified vide S.O 908(E) dated the 25th September, 2000 under the
Act or amendment from time to time and handover segregated wastes to authorized waste
processing or disposal facilities or deposition centers either on its own or through the
authorized waste collection agency.
(3) All waste generators shall pay such user fee or charge as may be specified in the bye-
laws of the local bodies for plastic waste management such as waste collection or operation
of the facility thereof, etc.;
(4) Every person responsible for organising an event in open space, which involves
service of food stuff in plastic or multilayered packaging shall segregate and manage the
waste generated during such events in accordance with the Municipal Solid Waste
(Management and Handling) Rules, 2000 notified vide S.O 908(E) dated the 25th
September, 2000 under the Act or amendment from time to time.
(2) Primary responsibility for collection of used multi-layered plastic sachet or pouches
or packaging is of Producers, Importers and Brand Owners who introduce the products in the
market. They need to establish a system for collecting back the plastic waste generated due
to their products. This plan of collection to be submitted to the State Pollution Control Boards
while applying for Consent to Establish or Operate or Renewal. The Brand Owners whose
consent has been renewed before the notification of these rules shall submit such plan within
one year from the date of notification of these rules and implement with two years thereafter.
(3) manufacture and use of non- recyclable multilayered plastic if any should be phased
out in Two years time.
(4) The producer, within a period of three months from the date of final publication of
these rules in the Official Gazette shall apply to the Pollution Control Board or the Pollution
Control Committee, as the case may be, of the States or the Union Territories administration
concerned, for grant of registration.
(5) No producer shall on and after the expiry of a period of Six Months from the date of
final publication of these rules in the Official Gazette manufacture or use any plastic or
multilayered packaging for packaging of commodities without registration from the
concerned State Pollution Control Board or the Pollution Control Committees.
(6) Every producer shall maintain a record of details of the person engaged in supply of
plastic used as raw material to manufacture carry bags or plastic sheet or like or cover made
of plastic sheet or multilayered packaging.
11. Marking or labelling.-(1) Each plastic carry bag, plastic packaging and
multilayered packaging shall have the following information printed in English namely,-
(2) Each recycled carry bag shall bear a label or a mark “recycled” as shown below and
shall conform to the Indian Standard: IS 14534: 1998 titled as “Guidelines for Recycling of
Plastics”, as amended from time to time;
Each carry bag made from compostable plastics shall bear a label “compostable” and
shall conform to the Indian Standard : IS or ISO 17088:2008 titled as Specifications
for “Compostable Plastics”.
12. Prescribed authority.- (1) The State Pollution Control Board and Pollution Control
Committee in respect of a Union territory shall be the authority for enforcement of the
provisions of these rules relating to registration, manufacture of plastic products and
multilayered packaging, processing and disposal of plastic wastes.
(3) The concerned Gram Panchayat shall be the authority for enforcement of the
provisions of these rules relating to waste management by the waste generator restriction or
prohibition on, use of plastic carry bags, plastic sheets or like, covers made of plastic sheets
and multilayered packaging in the rural area of the State or a Union Territory.
(4) The authorities referred to in sub-rules (1) to (3) shall take the assistance of the
District Magistrate or the Deputy Commissioner within the territorial limits of the jurisdiction
of the concerned district in the enforcement of the provisions of these rules.
(2) Every producer shall, for the purpose of registration or for renewal of registration,
make an application to the State Pollution Control Board or the Pollution Control Committee
of the Union territory concerned, in Form I
(3) Every person recycling or processing waste or proposing to recycle or process plastic
waste shall make an application to the State Pollution Control Board or the Pollution Control
Committee, for grant of registration or renewal of registration for the recycling unit, in Form
II.
(5) The State Pollution Control Board or the Pollution Control Committee shall not issue
or renew registration to plastic waste recycling or processing units unless the unit possesses a
valid consent under the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 (6 of 1974)
and the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 (14 of 1981) along with a
certificate of registration issued by the District Industries Centre or any other Government
agency authorised in this regard.
(6) The State Pollution Control Board or the Pollution Control Committee shall not renew
registration of producer unless the producer possesses and action plan endorsed by the
Secretary in charge of Urban Development of the concerned State or Union Territory for
setting of plastic waste management system.
(7) On receipt of the application complete in all respects for the registration for recycling
or processing of plastic waste under sub-rule (3), the State Pollution Control Board may, after
such inquiry as it considers necessary and on being satisfied that the applicant possesses
appropriate facilities, technical capabilities and equipment to handle plastic waste safely, may
grant registration to the applicant on fulfilment of the conditions as may be laid down in
terms of registration.
(8) Every State Pollution Control Board or Pollution Control Committee shall take a
decision on the grant of registration within ninety days of receipt of an application which is
complete in all respects.
(9) The registration granted under this rule shall initially be valid for a period of one year,
unless revoked, suspended or cancelled and shall subsequently be granted for three years.
(10) State Pollution Control Board or the Pollution Control Committees shall not revoke,
suspend or cancel registration without providing the opportunity of a hearing to the producer
or person engaged in recycling or processing of plastic wastes.
(11) Every application for renewal of registration shall be made at least one hundred
twenty days before the expiry of the validity of the registration certificate
14. Responsibility of retailers and street vendors- (1) Retailers or street vendors shall
not sell or provide commodities to consumer in carry bags or plastic sheet or multilayered
packaging, which are not manufactured and labelled or marked, as per prescribed under these
rules.
(2) Every retailers or street vendors selling or providing commodities in, plastic carry
bags or multilayered packaging or plastic sheets or like or covers made of plastic sheets
which are not manufactured or labelled or marked in accordance with these rules shall be
liable to pay such fines as specified under the bye-laws of the local bodies.
15. Explicit pricing of carry bags.- (1) The shopkeepers and street vendors willing to
provide plastic carry bags for dispensing any commodity shall register with local body. The
local body shall, within a period of six months from the date of final publication of these
rules ion the Official Gazette of India notification of these rules, by notification or an order
under their appropriate state statute or byelaws shall make provisions for such registration on
payment of plastic waste management fee of minimum rupees forty eight thousand @ rupees
four thousand per month. The concerned local body may prescribe higher plastic waste
management fee, depending upon the sale capacity. The registered shop keepers shall display
at prominent place that plastic carry bags are given on payment.
(2) Only the registered shopkeepers or street vendors shall be eligible to provide plastic
carry bags for dispensing the commodities.
(3) The local body shall utilize the amount paid by the customers for the carry bags
exclusively for the sustainability of the waste management system within their jurisdictions.
16. State Level Monitoring Committee.- (1) The State government or the union
Territory shall, for the purpose of effective monitoring of implementation of these rules,
constitute a State Level Advisory Committee consisting of the following persons, namely;-
The State Level Advisory Body shall meet at least once in Six Month and may invite
experts, if it considers necessary.
17. Annual reports.- (1) Every person engaged in recycling or processing of plastic
waste shall prepare and submit an annual report in Form-IV to the local body concerned
under intimation to the concerned State Pollution Control Board or Pollution Control
Committee by the 30th April, of every year.
(2) Every local body shall prepare and submit an annual report in Form –V to the
concerned Secretary-in-charge of the Urban Development Department under intimation to the
concerned State Pollution Control Board or Pollution Control Committee by the 30 th June,
everyyear.
(3) Each State Pollution Control Board or Pollution Control Committee shall prepare and
submit an annual report in Form VI to the CPCB on the implementation of these rules by the
31st July, of every year.
(4) The CPCB shall prepare a consolidated annual report on the use and management of
plastic waste and forward it to the Central Government along with its recommendations
before the 31st August of every year.
Schedule-I
[See rule 10]
1. IS / ISO 14851: 1999 Determination of the ultimate aerobic biodegradability of
plastic materials in an aqueous medium-Method by measuring the oxygen
demand in a closed Respirometer
From: ..........................................
……………………………
…………………………….(Name and full address of the occupier)
To
The Member Secretary,
.............………. Pollution Control Board or Pollution Control Committee
…………………………………….
…………………………………….
Sir,
I /We hereby apply for registration under rule 9 of the Plastic Waste Management Rules,
2015
1. Producers
PART – A
GENERAL
1.(a) Name and location of the unit
(b) Address of the unit
(c) Registration required for manufacturing of:
(i) Carry bags;
(a) petro- based,
(b) Compostable
(ii) Multilayered plastics
Designation
Date :
Place :
II Brand Owners:
PART – A
GENERAL
1. Name, address and Contact number
2 In case of renewal, previous registration number
and date of registration
3 Is the unit registered with the District Industries
Centre of the State Government or Union
territory? If yes, attach a copy.
4.(a) Total capital invested on the project
(b) Year of commencement of production
5. (a) List and quantum of products and by-products
(b) List and quantum of raw materials used
PART – B
PERTAINING TO LIQUID EFFLUENT AND GASEOUS EMISSIONS
5 Does the unit have a valid consent under the
Water (Prevention and control of Pollution)
Act, 1974 (6 of 1974)?
If yes, attach a copy
6 Does the unit have a valid consent under the
Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act,
1981 (14 of 1981)?
If yes, attach a copy
PART – C
PERTAINING TO WASTE
7. Solid Wastes or rejects:
(c) Total quantum of waste generated
(d) Mode of storage within the plant
(d) Provision made for disposal of wastes
8. Attach or Provide list of person supplying plastic
material
9 Action plan on collecting back the plastic wastes
Designation
Date :
Place :
FORM - II
[see rule 13 (3)]
3. Date of commencement
Designation
Date :
Place :
FORM - III
[See rules 13(4)]
From: ..........................................
……………………………
…………………………….(Name and full address of the occupier)
To
The Member Secretary,
.............………. Pollution Control Board or Pollution Control Committee
…………………………………….
…………………………………….
Sir,
I/We hereby apply for registration under the Plastic Waste Management Rules, 2011
PART – A
GENERAL
1.(a) Name and location of the unit
(b) Address of the unit
(c) In case of renewal, previous registration number
and date of registration
2. Is the unit registered with the DIC or DCSSI of
the State Government or Union territory? If yes,
attach a copy.
3.(a) Total capital invested on the project
(b) Year of commencement of production
(c) List of producers and quantum of raw materials
supplied to producers
Name and Signature
Designation
Date :
Place :
Form - IV
[See rules 17 (1)]
Signature of Operator
Dated :
Place:
Form - V
[See rules 17(2)]
(2) Population
(3) Area in sq. kilometers
(4) Name & Address of Local body
Telephone No.
Fax No.
E-mail:
(5) Total Numbers of the wards in the area under
jurisdiction
(6) Total Numbers of Households in the area under
jurisdiction
(7) Number of households covered by door to door
collection
(8) Total number of commercial establishments and
Institutions in the area under jurisdiction
-Commercial establishments
- Institutions
(9) Number of commercial establishments and
Institutions covered by door to door collection
-Commercial establishments
- Institutions
(10) Summary of the mechanisms put in place for
management of plastic waste in the area under
jurisdiction along with the details of agencies
involved in door to door collection
(11) Attach details of infrastructure put in place for
management of plastic waste generated in the area
under jurisdiction
(12) Attach details of infrastructure required, if any along
with justification
(13) Quantity of Plastic Waste generated during the year
from area under jurisdiction (in tons)
(14) Quantity of Plastic Waste collected during the year
from area under jurisdiction (in tons)
(15) Quantity of plastic waste channelized for recycling
during the year (in tons)
(16) Quantity of plastic waste channelized for use during
the year (in tons)
(17) Quantity of inert or rejects sent to landfill sites during
the year (in tons)
(18) Details of each of facilities used for processing and
disposal of plastic waste
Facility-I
i) Name of operator
ii) Address with Telephone Number or Mobile
iii) Capacity
iv) Technology Used
v) Registration Number
vi) Validity of Registration (up to)
Facility-II
i) Name of operator
ii) Address with Telephone Number or Mobile
iii) Capacity
iv) Technology Used
v) Registration Number
Validity of Registration (up to)
(19) Give details of:
Local body’s own manpower deployed for collection
including street sweeping, secondary storage,
transportation, processing and disposal of waste.
(20) Give details of:
Contractor or concessionaire’s manpower deployed
for collection including street sweeping, secondary
storage, transportation, processing and disposal of
waste.
(21) Mention briefly, the difficulties being experienced by
the local body in complying with provisions of these
rules including the financial constrains, if any
(22) Whether an Action Plan has been prepared for
improving solid waste management practices in the
city? If yes (attach copy)
Date of revision:
Nam Estimate No. Of registered No. of Details of Partial or Status of Expli Details of No. of Number of
e of d Plastic Plastic Unregiste Plastic complete Marking ci t the violati Municipal
the Waste Manufacturing or re d Waste ban on Labelling Prici meeting on s Authority
SPC generati Recycling (including plastic Manageme usages of on carry n g of of State and or Gram
B on Tons multilayer, manufact nt (PWM) Plastic bags carry Level action Panchayat
or Per compostable) units. ur ing e.g. Carry (Rule 8) bags Advisory taken un der
PC Annum (Rule 9) Recycling Collection Bags [Specify (Rule Body on jurisdictio
C (TPA) units. (in , (through the 10) (SLA) non- n
residential Segregatio Executive number of along compli and
n, units or with a
Disposal not its nce of
(Co-
processing
Plas Compo Multil or road Order) ( complied) recomme provisio Submission
ti c stable ay er unapprov constructio Attach co mplied nd ations ns of of Annual
unit Plastic Plastic ed areas) n etc.) copy of on these Report to
s Units units (Rules 6) notificatio Implemen Rules CPCB
(Attach n or ta tion (Rule 12)
separate executive (Rule 11)
sheet) order )
(1) (2 (3 (4) (5 (6) (7 (8) (9) (10) (11
) ) ) ) )
[F.No. 17-2/2001-HSMD]
Bishwanath Sinha
Joint Secretary to Government of India
22