Đề thi có 14 trang

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Điểm của bài thi Chữ ký của giám khảo

Bằng số Bằng chữ Giám khảo 1 Giám khảo 2

SECTION 1: LISTENING (5 points)

HƯỚNG DẪN PHẦN THI NGHE HIỂU
- Bài nghe gồm 04 phần; mỗi phần được nghe 2 lần, mỗi lần cách nhau 10 giây; mở đầu và kết
thúc mỗi phần nghe đều có tín hiệu.
- Đọc kĩ hướng dẫn của từng phần nghe trong đề trước khi nghe.

Part 1: You will hear two psychologists talking about modern childhood. Choose the answer (A,
B, C or D), which fits best according to what you hear. (1 point)

1. What does Daniel imply about past images of childhood?

A. They are entirely fictional.
B. They all show the misfortunes of childhood.
C. They are diverse.
D. They represent the innocence of childhood.
2. When mentioning the children throwing bags on the bus stop, Louise is___________.
A. critical B. amused C. angry D. sarcastic
3. According to Daniel, ___________.
A. children are failing to learn adequate social skills
B. children do not eat a balanced diet
C. children are becoming involved in political scandals
D. children are far more social than they used to be
4. What does Louise say about the media?
A. Manipulative actors have a negative effect on children.
B. It encourages celebrities to inspire young children.
C. Adverts are aimed more at young people than adults.
D. It glorifies unrealistic ideals.
5. Daniel implies that________________.
A. children would be happier if their parents taught them at home
B. machines are more of a menace to children than people are
C. teachers aren’t helping children to be competitive enough
D. most teenage problems stem from an unbalanced diet
Your answers
1. ______________ 2. ______________ 3. ______________ 4. ______________ 5. ______________

Part 2: You will hear the historian, George Davies, talking about society and the theatre in
England in the time of William Shakespeare. Decide whether the following statements are true
(T) or false (F). Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes. (1 point)

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6. According to Professor Davies, the level of literacy in sixteen-century England matched his
expectations.
7. In Professor Davies’ opinion, the advantage of the usual method of communication in the
sixteenth century was that people absorbed more of what they heard.
8. Professor Davies believes that Shakespeare’s company developed their basic acting skills by
attending special voice classes.
9. In Professor Davies’ view, the advantage of sixteen-century theatres was that the
performances were complemented by everyday life.
10. Professor Davies thinks that sixteen-century plays were expected to deal with personal
confessions.
Your answers:
6.______________ 7. ______________ 8. ______________ 9. ______________ 10. ______________
Part 3: You will hear a student called Tina asking Professor Van Diazene for advice on choosing
courses. Listen and answer the following questions, using NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for
each answer. (1 point)

11. What is the defining characteristic of a specialized course?

__________________________________________________________________________

12. For whom are the Microbiology courses available?

__________________________________________________________________________

13. Who are interested in Microbiology courses?

__________________________________________________________________________

14. Why will a Medical Science course be opened next year?

__________________________________________________________________________

15. Which is the quickest increasing subject in enrolment?

__________________________________________________________________________

Part 4: For questions 16-25, listen to a piece of news from the BBC and fill in the missing
information. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS taken from the recording for each answer in
the spaces provided. (2 points)

 Recently in the Great Pyramids, a 100-feet long space, which is called a (16) _______________, has
been discovered lately.
 According to the “Nature”, this is a significant discovery to the archaeology because since the
1800s, there has no other significant discovery like this (17) ____________________ .
 However, whether this can help to unravel the ancient mysteries is (18) ____________________.
 There is no proof that a/an (19) ____________________ or burial chamber can be found from this
space. There may be more others like this in the pyramid and this discovery is expected to
help the researchers find out how it was built. They’re not allowed to (20) ____________________
or use cameras.
 To identify this space, they had to take use of some appliances to (21) ____________________ inside
the structure. That’s not the only way the modern technology is helping archaeologists.
 Adam Low, an archaeologist, admitted to being a man with (22) ____________________ the tomb of
a Pharaoh, Seti I.
 It can be learnt from the tomb how ancient people have different thoughts, different values
and (23) ____________________.
 Adam Low can read the way they thought through the (24) ___________________ on the walls.
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  With the help of technology, a dialogue crossing time can be built and become one of the most
exciting moment. “the Hall of Beauties” is, in fact, only a (25) ____________________ built in a
museum in Switzerland.
SECTION 2: LEXICO-GRAMMAR (2 points)
Part 1: For question 26-40, choose the correct answer A, B, C or D to each of the following
questions. Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes provided. (1.5 points)
26. You’ve lived in city for most of your life, so ____________ you’re used to the noise
A. apparently B. presumably C. allegedly D. predictably
27. As they watched the football match the huge crow _____________ in unison.
A. chanted B. intoned C. crowed D. bellowed
28. You should pat yourself on the ___________ of achieving such a high score in the graduation exam.
A. next B. leg C. arm D. back
29. Would you please leave us details of your address ______ forwarding any of your mail to come?
A. for the purpose of B. as a consequence of C. for the sake of D. by means of
30. She was so ill that it was ____________ whether she would live or not.
A. win or lose B. on and off C. touch and go D. come and go
31. The need of gifted children in school has long been _____________ neglected.
A. dolefully B. woefully C. idly D. pathetically
32. Did you plan to meet up Mary in London, or was it just a _____________?
A. freak B. fate C. coincidence D. luck
33. The most powerful force in a teenager’s life is probably _____________pressure.
A. friend B. peer C. company D. youth
34. Olivia has always _____________ to return to the country she was born in.
A. favoured B. yearned C. urged D. inclined
35. He had a _____________ escape since the bullet came within inches of his head.
A. slender B. close C. near D. narrow
36. It was only when we heard a stifled cough that we realized someone was _________ in the
undergrowth.
A. concealing B. ambushing C. lurking D. sneaking
37. He will be sued for ____________ of contract if he does not do what he promised.
A. fracture B. rupture C. crack D. breach
38. Don’t worry about trying to catch the last train home, as we can __________ you up for the night.
A. take B. keep C. put D. set
39. You can buy goods on the Internet with a credit card, but there is a danger of ___________ if
someone else obtains the number.
A. corruption B. fraud C. embezzlement D. disruption
40. One of the organization’s aim is to _____________ information about the disease so that more people
know of its symptoms.
A. disentangle B. deride C. dwindle D. disseminate
Your answers:
26.______ 27. ______ 28. ______ 29. ______ 30. ______ 31. ______ 32. ______ 33. ______

34. ______ 35. ______ 36. ______ 37. ______ 38. ______ 39. ______ 40. ______

Part 2: For questions 41-45, write the correct form of each bracketed word in the numbered
space provided in the column on the right. (0.5 point)
The cast felt somewhat disillusioned on discovering that they
would mostly be performing to audiences who had been
(41.ALLOCATE)_____________ free tickets to encourage 41. ___________________________
attendance. Although it was customary for such tickets to be
given out, it was usually in (42. MODERATE) _____________ and 42. ___________________________
kept to a minimum. Given the theatre company’s limited
funds, it was generally agreed that this was an
(43.FAVOUR)_____________position to be put in. However, the 43. ___________________________
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 reality was that their director had walked out and for now
they were essentially (44. DIRECT) _____________. Had one of 44. ___________________________
them been (45. SHADOW) _____________the director over the 45. ___________________________
last months, they might have had a better idea of how to turn
things around. Sadly, this was not the case. But all was not
lost.
SECTION 3: READING COMPREHENSION (5 points)
Part 1: For questions 46-55, read the text below and decide which answer A, B, C or D best fits
each gap. Write your answer in the corresponding numbered boxes provided. (1 point)
AIR POLLUTION, HEALTH AND TRANSPORT
Far more people are suffering from asthma than have been previously documented. Pollution
originating from exhaust (46) ____________, factory emissions and even smoking are reportedly leading
to (47) ____________ air quality which in turn is (48) ____________ asthma symptoms. With more and
more cars on the roads, we cannot deny being more (49) ____________ to ever greater levels of air
pollution. As a consequence, human respiratory health is being negatively impacted, with many of
those living in residential areas close to busy roads becoming more (50) ____________ asthma. As more
and more of us are taking to the roads, the key focus perhaps should be the promotion of cleaner
fuels and vehicles that produce lower (51)____________. However, the only way motorists will (52)
____________ using either of them is if they are considered to be an affordable and, therefore, viable
option. Simultaneously, motorists should be discouraged from making unnecessary journeys. If
greater (53) ____________ were offered for car-sharing with colleagues or using park-and-ride schemes,
more people would be (54)____________ to use these schemes. Although in all fairness, it would not do
any harm for public transport systems to be re-examined, as relying on them can be somewhat tough
going and, in some parts of the country, the service provided is simply (55) _______ for people’s needs,
which is why more people drive.
46. A. gases B. smoke C. fumes D. smog
47. A. down-turning B. degrading C. failing D. deteriorating
48. A. provoking B. triggering C. generating D. activating
49. A. extracted B. discharged C. exposed D. disseminated
50. A. inclined to B. prone to C. accustomed to D. disposed towards
51. A. emissions B. releases C. excretions D. exhalations
52. A. contemplate B. alleviate C. reverberate D. inaugurate
53. A. motives B. pressures C. incitements D. incentives
54. A. declared B. argued C. requested D. inclined
55. A. scarce B. incomplete C. inadequate D. lacking
Your answers:
46. _______________ 47. _______________ 48. _______________ 49. ______________ 50. _________________

51. _______________ 52. _______________ 53. _______________ 54. _______________ 55. _________________
Part 2: Read the following passage and do the tasks that follow. (1.4 points)
Having a laugh
The findings of psychological scientists reveal the importance of humour.
Humans start developing a sense of humour as early as six weeks old, when babies begin to
laugh and smile in response to stimuli. Laughter is universal across all human cultures and even
exists in some form in rats, chimps, and bonobos. Like other human emotions and expressions,
laughter and human provide psychological scientists with rich resources for studying human
psychology, ranging from the development of language to neuroscience of social perception.
Theories focusing on the evolution of laughter point to it as an important adaptation for social
communication. Take, for example, the recorded laughter in TV and comedy show. Back in 1950, US
sound engineer Charley Douglass hated dealing with the unpredictable laughter of live audiences, so
started recording his own ‘laugh tracks’. These were intended to help people at home feel like they
were in a social situation, such as crowded theater. Douglass even recorded various types of laughter,
as well mixtures of laughter from men, women, and children. In doing so, he picked up on a quality of

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laughter that is now interesting researchers: a simple ‘haha’ communicates a remarkable amount of
socially relevant information.
In one study conducted in 2016, samples of laughter from pairs of English-speaking students
were recorded at the University of California, Santa Cruz. A team made up more than 30 psychological
scientists, anthropologists, and biologists then played these recordings to listeners from 24 diverse
societies, from indigenous tribes in New Guinea to city-dwellers in India and Europe. Participants were
asked whether they thought the people laughing were friends or strangers. On average, the results
were remarkably consistent: worldwide, people’s guesses were correct approximately 60% of the time.
Researchers have also found that different types of laughter serve as codes to complex human
social hierarchies. A team led by Christopher Oveis from the University of California, San Diego,
found that high-status individuals had different laughs from low-status individuals, and that
strangers’ judgements of an individual’s social status were influenced by the dominant or submissive
quality of their laughter. In their study, 48 male college students were randomly assigned to groups
of four, with each group composed of two low-status members, who had just joined their college
fraternity group, and two high-status members, older students who had been active in the fraternity
for at least two years. Laughter was recorded as each student took a turn at being teased by the
others, involving the use of mildly insulting nicknames. Analysis revealed that, as expected, high
status individuals produced more dominant laughs and fewer submissive laughs relative to the low-
status individuals. Meanwhile, low-status individuals were more likely to change their laughter
based on their position of power, that is, the newcomers produced more dominant laughs when they
were in the ‘powerful’ role of teasers. Dominant laughter was higher in pitch, louder, and more
variable in tone than submissive laughter.
A random group of volunteers then listened to an equal number of dominant and submissive
laughs from both the high- and low-status individuals, and were asked to estimate the social status of
the laughter. In line with predictions, laughers producing dominant laughs were perceived to be
significantly higher in status than laughter producing submissive laughs. ‘This was particularly true
for low-status individuals, who were rated as significantly higher in status when displaying a
dominant versus submissive laugh,’ Oveis and colleagues note. ‘Thus, by strategically displaying
more dominant laughter when the context allows, low-status individuals may achieve higher status
in the eyes of others.’ However, high-status individuals were rated as high-status whether they
produced their natural dominant laugh or tried to do a submissive one.
Another study, conducted by David Cheng and Lu Wang of Australian National University, was
based on the hypothesis that humour might provide a respite from tedious situations in the
workplace. This ‘mental break’ might facilitate the replenishment of mental resources. To test this
theory, the researchers recruited 74 business students, ostensibly for an experiment on perception.
First, the students performed a tedious task in which they had to cross out every instance of the
letter ‘e’ over two pages of text. The students then were randomly assigned to watch a video clip
eliciting either humour, contentment, or neutral feelings. Some watched a clip of the BBC comedy Mr.
Bean, others a relaxing scene with dolphins swimming in the ocean, and others a factual video about
the management profession.
The students then completed a task requiring persistence in which they were asked to guess
the potential performance of employees based on provided profiles, and were to told that making 10
correct assessments in a row would lead to a win. However, the software was programmed such that
it was nearly impossible to achieve 10 consecutive correct answers. Participants were allowed to
quit the task at any point. Students who had watched the Mr. Bean video ended up spending
significantly more time working on the task, making twice as many predictions as the other two
groups.
Cheng and Wang then replicated these results in a second year study, during which they had
participants complete long multiplication questions by hand. Again, participants who watched the
humorous video spent significantly more time working on this tedious task and completed more
questions correctly than did the students in either of the other groups.
‘Although humour has been found to help relieve stress and facilitate social relationships, the
traditional view of task performance implies that individuals should avoid things such as homour
that may distract them from the accomplishment of task goals,’ Cheng and Wang conclude. ‘We
suggest that humour is not only enjoyable but more importantly, energizing.’
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Question 56-60
Choose the correct letter A, B, C, or D. Write the correct letter in boxes 56-60
56. When referring to laughter in the first paragraph, the writer emphasizes ______
A. its impact on language. B. its function in human culture.
C. its value to scientific research. D. its university in animal societies.
57. What does the writer suggest about Charley Douglass?
A. He understood the importance of enjoying humour in a group setting.
B. He believed that TV viewers at home needed to be told when to laugh.
C. He watched his shows to appeal to audiences across the social spectrum.
D. He preferred shows where audiences were present in the recording studio.
58. What makes the Santa Cruz study particularly significant?
A. The various different types of laughter that were studied.
B. The similar results produced by a wide range of cultures.
C. The number of different academic disciplines involved.
D. The many kinds of people whose laughter was recorded.
59. Which of the following happened in the San Diego study?
A. Some participants became very upset.
B. Participants exchanged roles.
C. Participants who had not met before became friends.
D. Some participants were unable to laugh.
60. In the fifth paragraph, what did the results of the San Diego study suggest?
A. It is clear whether a dominant laugh is produced be a high- or low-status person.
B. Low-status individuals in a position of power will still produce submissive laughs.
C. The submissive laughs of low- and high-status individuals are surprisingly similar.
D. High-status individuals can always be identified by their way of laughing.
Your answers:
56. _______________ 57. _______________ 58. _______________ 59. ______________ 60. _________________
Questions 61-65
Complete the summary using the list of words, A-H, below.
Write the correct, A-H, in the boxes 61-65.
The benefits of humour
In one study at Australian National University, randomly chosen groups of participants were shown
one of three videos, each designed to generate a different kind of (61)______________. When all
participants were then given a deliberately frustrating task to do, it was found that those who had
watched the (62)____________video persisted with the task for longer and tried harder to accomplish
the task than either of the other two groups.
A second study in which participants were asked to performed particularly (63)_____________task
produced similar results. According to researchers David Chang and Lu Wang, these findings suggest
that humour not only reduces (64)_____________and helps build social connections but it may also have
a (65)____________ effect on the body and mind.
A laughter B relaxing C boring
D anxiety E stimulating F emotion
G enjoyment H amusing
Your answers:
61. _______________ 62. _______________ 63. _______________ 64. ______________ 65. _________________
Questions 66-69
Do the following statements agree with the claims of the writer?
In boxes 66-69, write
YES if the statement agrees with the claims of the writer
NO if the statement contradicts the claims of the writer
NOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this
66. Participants in the Santa Cruz study were more accurate at identifying the laughs of
friends than those of strangers.
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67. The researchers in the San Diego study were correct in their predictions regarding the
behavior of the high-status individuals.
68. The participants in the Australian National University study were given a fixed amount of
time to complete the task focusing on employee profiles.
69. Cheng and Wang’s conclusions were in line with established notions regarding task
performance.
Your answers:
66. _______________ 67. _______________ 68. _______________ 69. _______________
Part 3: In the passage below, seven paragraphs have been removed. For questions 70-75, read
the passage and choose from the paragraphs A-G the one which fits each gap. There is ONE
extra paragraph which you do not need to use. Write your answers in the corresponding
numbered space provided. (0.6 point)
How the internet is altering your mind
Like most newspapers’ content, what you are about to read was written using a computer connected
to the internet. Obviously, this had no end of benefits, mostly pertaining to the relative ease of my
research and the simplicity of contacting people whose thoughts and opinions you are about to read.
70. _____________________________
It often feels as if all this frantic activity creates a constant state of twitchy anxiety. Moreover, having
read a hotly controversial book about the effect of digital media on the human mind, I may have a
very good reason to feel scared. Its thesis is simple enough: not only that the modern world’s
relentless information overload is killing our capacity for reflection, contemplation and patience but
that our online habits are also altering the very structure of our brains.
71. _______________________________
The writer then argues that the internet’s ‘cacophony of stimuli’ and ‘crazy quilt’ of information have
given rise to ‘cursory reading, hurried and distracted thinking, and superficial learning’ – in contrast
to the age of the book, when intelligent humans were encouraged to contemplative and imaginative.
72. ________________________________
Dr Small, the director of the Memory and Ageing Research Centre at the University of California, Los
Angeles, is a specialist in the effects on the brain of the ageing process. ‘Even an old brain can be
quite malleable and responsive to what’s going on with technology,’ he tells me.
73. ________________________________
When I ask him how I might stop the internet’s more malign effects on my own brain, he sounds
slightly more optimistic than Carr: ‘Try to balance online time with offline time,’ he tells me, ‘What’s
happening is, we’re losing the circadian rhythms we’re used to; you go to work, you come home, you
spend time talking with your kids.’
74. ________________________________
His argument privileges activities of the skimming and browsing kind. But if you look at research on
kids doing this, or exploring virtual worlds such as Second Life, the argument there is about
immersion and engagement.’
75. _______________________________
This all sounds both comforting and convincing, until I return to The Shallows and read a particularly
sobering sentence: ‘We are welcoming the frenziedness into our souls’. There’s something chilling
about those words and even twenty stupid minutes on YouTube and an impulse buy from Amazon
cannot quite remove them from my brain.
The missing paragraphs
A. But here is the really important thing. Carr writes: ‘If, knowing what we know today about the
brain’s plasticity, you were to set out to invent a medium that would rewire our mental circuits as
quickly and thoroughly as possible, you would probably end up designing something that looks
and works a lot like the internet.’

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B. The Shallows is a book by Nicolas Carr. It is an elegantly written cry of anguish about what one
admirer calls ‘the uneducating of Homo sapiens’ and a rewiring of neural pathways and networks
that may yet deprive the human race of the talents that, ironically enough, drove our journey
from caves to PC terminals.
C. ‘The point is, to play successfully, you have to pay an incredible amount of attention to what your
teammates are doing, to the mechanics of the game. You can set up a thesis for The Depth, just as
much as The Shallows. And it seems to me that to say that some neutral pathways are good and
some are bad – well, how you can possibly say that?’
D. ‘It’s a basic principle that the brain is very sensitive to any kind of stimulation. If you have
repeated stimuli, your neural circuits will be excited. But if you neglect other stimuli, other neural
circuits will be weakened.’ Carr argues that the online world so taxes the parts of the brain that
deal with fleeting and temporary stuff that deep thinking becomes increasingly impossible. As he
sees it: ‘Our brain to learn suffers and our understanding remains shallow.’
E. Among the people with walk-on roles in The Shallows is Scott Karp, the editor of a renowned
American digital media blog called Publish 2, whose reading habits are held up as proof of the fact
that plenty of people’s brains have long since been rewired by their enthusiastic use of the
internet.
F. I get more convincing antidote to the Carr thesis from Professor Andrew Burn of the University of
London’s Institute of Education. Equating the internet with distraction and shallowness, he tells
me, is a fundamental mistake, possibly bound up with Carr’s age (he is fifty). ‘Is there anything in
his book about online roleplaying games?’
G. But then there is the downside. The tool I use to write can also double as many other things. Thus,
while writing this, I was entertained by no end of distractions. I watched YouTube videos, bought
something on Amazon and at downright stupid hours of the day – 6 a.m. or almost midnight – I
have once again checked my email on either my phone or computer.
Your answers:

70. _______ 71. ________ 72. ________ 73. _________ 74. ________ 75. _________
Part 4. For questions 76-85, read the passage and choose the best option A, B, C or D which you think
fits best according to the text. Write your answers in the numbered boxes provided. (1 point)
The decline of the English Cloth Trade
After 45 years of the queen’s rule, James I succeeded Elizabeth I to the English throne in
1603, at which point the English economy was struggling. The population of English was swelling,
food production was insufficient, and prices were high. Despite its instability, a few industries
brought reliable income to the English economy. In particular, many merchants relied on the export
of cloth to continental Europe. For the first decade of James I’s reign, the cloth trade prospered and
was an important source of revenue for the English. However, the king was to make a serious
mistake that would eventually lead to the fall of the English cloth trade.
In 1614, William Cockayne, an English merchant and politician, proposed that James I make a
dramatic change to the way the English exported cloth. At the time, the English produced primarily
unfinished cloth. This meant that they sold cloth that had not been dyed, bleached, or otherwise,
processed. Most often, companies in the Netherlands bought the plain cloth from England and
finished it themselves. The Dutch were experts in the complex procedures and technologies
required to finish cloth, and these processes added significant value to the unfinished cloth
they had purchased from England. As a result, Dutch cloth companies could sell their goods as
much higher prices than the English could. Hoping to transfer these profits to English companies,
Cockayne’s leadership, that would control and monopolize the export of finish cloth to continental
Europe. The king was in need of money, and the prospect of increase revenue appealed to him. Thus,
he agreed to Cockayne’s plan and, per Cockayne’s request, founded the King’s Merchant Adventurers,
a company with a primary purpose of exporting finished cloth.
However, Cockayne’s plan disrupted the previously steady English cloth trade and was
ultimately ineffectively for a number of reasons. First, James I’s support of Cockayne’s company
created a rift between the king and many powerful English merchants, particularly the members of
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the unfinished cloth company called the merchant Adventurers, which had been cast aside in favor of
Cockayne’s group. Furthermore, the Dutch, who had previously been Europe’s main supplier of
finished cloth, responded to English competition by refusing to purchase any English cloth products,
and many other European nations did the same. In addition, merchants in other countries refused to
ship English cloth or charged English businesspeople inflated fees for shipping. The resistance from
abroad was particularly damaging to the King’s Merchant Adventurers because it could not afford the
ships that were necessary to transport its goods to European markets.
In addition to the difficulties caused by its widespread unpopularity. Cockayne’s company was
unable to produce quality goods. For one, Cockayne did not have the funds to acquire the machines
needed to finish cloth. Moreover, English cloth markers were not experts in the finishing process and
could not match the high-quality finished cloth produced by their competitors in the Netherlands. By
1617, just three years after the company was established, James I had dissolved the King’s Merchant
Adventurers.
The failure of the King’s Merchant Adventurers did more than bankrupt those who had
supported its efforts. The damage Cockayne’s plan inflicted on the cloth trade had disastrous
economic effects on other industries as well. Under the King’s Merchant Adventurers, more than 500
families had begun producing finished cloth. However, because they could not sell it, their ventures
failed. This caused unemployment to the rise and even resulted in riots in London and elsewhere.
Furthermore, formerly beneficial trade relationships had been destroyed, and sellers of unfinished
cloth had to attempt to reestablish contacts with European buyers who were willing to purchase
their goods. Though James I had returned power to the members of the Merchant Adventurers, the
group resented the damage that had been done to its business. Business relations were strained both
internationally and domestically as the English cloth trade made a slow recovery from Cockayne’s
experiment.
76. The word ‘succeeded’ in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to______________.
A. did away with B. came after C. turned aside D. kept back
77. The word ‘its’ in paragraph 1 refer to______________.
A. population B. food production C. income D. the English economy
78. In paragraph 1, the author describes insufficient food production as an indication of the________.
A. need for the expression of the English cloth trade
B. consequences of heavily emphasizing the cloth trade
C. poor state of the English economy in 1603
D. king’s mismanagement of the country
79. Based on the instruction in paragraphs 1 and 2, what can be inferred about the English cloth
trade prior to the establishment of the King’s Merchant Adventurers?
A. It was neglected in favor of the shipping and agriculture industries.
B. It was the only profitable sector of the English economy.
C. It was responsible for driving up prices for necessary items in England.
D. It consisted of multiple companies working with international partners.
80. According to paragraph 2, William Cockayne proposed all of the following changes to the English
cloth trade EXCEPT______________.
A. the establishment of a company that would exclusively handle the cloth trade
B. a focus on increasing the value of cloth created in England
C. the interruption of cloth supply to merchants in Netherlands
D. a shift in the primary activities of the English cloth industries
81. Which of the following best expresses the essential information in the bold sentence in paragraph 2?
A. The procedures and technologies used to create finished cloth, which were often very complex,
were primarily used by Dutch workers.
B. Unfinished cloth from England was typically finished by the Dutch, who were experts in the
complicated procedures that resulted in more valuable cloth.
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 C. Finished cloth from England was often more valuable than Dutch cloth due to the complicated
processes used to treat the cloth.
D. Unfinished cloth from England lost its value because the Dutch were able to create finished
cloth by using expert techniques.
82. Based on the information in paragraph 2, why did the king agree to Cockayne’s proposals?
A. He was desperate to improve the English economy quickly.
B. He believed that the changes would allow England to expand the cloth industry.
C. He worried about England’s overreliance on trade partnerships with the Netherlands.
D. He wanted to encourage technological advancement in English industries.
83. The word ‘inflated’ in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ___________________.
A. unfair B. special C. secret D. increased
84. According to paragraph 4, which of the following was a factor in the King’s Merchant
Adventurer’s inability to create quality goods?
A. It did not have financial support from the king.
B. It couldn’t afford to pay cloth-finishing experts.
C. Its employees didn’t have the necessary knowledge about finishing cloth.
D. It had an inadequate supply of unfinished cloth.
85. According to paragraph 5, people in London rioted in response to ___________________.
A. the restoration of the Merchant Adventurers.
B. the high rate of joblessness.
C. the unavailability of jobs in the cloth industry.
D. the bankruptcy of the king’s Merchant Adventurers.
Your answers:
76. ________ 77. ________ 78. ________ 79. ________ 80. _______

81. ________ 82. ________ 83. ________ 84. ________ 85. _______
Part 5: The passage below consists of four paragraphs marked A, B, C, and D. For questions 86-
95, read the passage and do the task that follows. Write your answers in the corresponding
numbered boxes provided. (1 point)
A.
Cirque Mandingue is both a circus school and a touring company; money earned touring helping to
fund the training of thirty young performers back in Guinea. Junior Camara, leader of the acrobatics
troupe, doubles as the school’s director. I’ve come to meet them and to get hands-on experience of
what they do. I’ll be learning how to become part of a human pyramid. But first I watch their show to
see what I’m letting myself in for. Bantering performers - gymnasts, contortionists and acrobats -
crowd the stage, dancing and leaping to the insistent sound of live djembe drumming. Scenes move
between a blur of frenetic handstands and incredibly fast leaps, with performers flipping themselves
on to each other’s shoulders, to slower, intricately choreographed contortion routines. As the show
draws to a close, it’s my turn. As I head backstage, Junior approaches me enthusiastically, ‘You’ve
done this before, right?’ ‘Err no, I haven’t.’ This prompts some conferring among the team as to
what’s safe to do with a novice.
B.
I’m told to clamber on to the shoulders of a gymnast called Francois. I’ve no idea what’s about to
happen, so there’s little choice but to go with it and hope I don’t break my neck. I manage to scramble
up but then I’m instructed to hold my legs at a right angle and point my toes upwards. This isn’t as
straightforward as it sounds. My thighs are aching and I’m ready to buckle but more performers are
attaching themselves to the chap below me. ‘Hurry up!’ I yell, ‘I can’t hold it much longer.’ They insist
that what we’re doing is quite safe but I’m not entirely convinced. I also feel incredibly puny next to
the real acrobats, who aren’t shy about demonstrating either their physiques or their immense
strength. Their training takes years and most of them started young. As I concentrate on staying
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more or less upright, I realise too that the kind of acrobatics I’ve watched on stage depend totally on
a mix of confidence and trust. To be able to flip so precisely that you land on someone’s shoulders as
easily as a bird alights on a bough requires fearlessness, true but you also have to know that your
partner won’t let you down.
C.
Regis Truchy, a French clown, performs in and choreographs part of the show and his narrative
humorously highlights artistic differences between western and African cultures, particularly in
music. Some scenes see Truchy’s cheesy western pop pitched against Guinean hip-hop. Truchy, 38,
has worked as both a ballet dancer and a figure skater and says Cirque Mandingue has given him a
new lease of life. For him, the stand-out element of the show is the way it mixes contortion with
dance. Contortion is an ancient practice found across the world and the technique tends to remain
very traditional. ‘These guys,’ says Truchy, ‘mix it up a bit.’ In the current show, one of the guys
mixing it up is Naby, 25, whose feats of contortion make one fear for his spine. He started learning
acrobatics when he was ten and, as well as contortion, he dances and plays the djembe.
D.
Aboubacar, 26, also started aged ten, at first learning from friends on the beaches of Conakry. At 15,
his hard work paid off when he started working with Junior. He says touring can be hard on artists’
families, but, ‘It’s a chance for me to have a job and make some money for them.’ With my attempt to
be one of the gang now concluded, the group winds down for dinner. I’d been warned that even when
the troupe relaxes, the vibe never falters and sure enough I find myself in the middle of a full-on rap
show, Guinean-style; the table shaking as everyone joins in a fast and furious battle of rhythm and
rhyming. It’s rather like a verbal version of their passionate physical skills. They tell me about a
festival where the troupe was joined by some French performers who asked to warm up with them.
The group’s daily warm-up takes at least two hours and is followed by four hours of practice-
acrobatics, contortion, hand-balancing and traditional dancing. Barely an hour into the session
exhaustion forced their guests to throw in the towel. Somehow, I’m not surprised.
For questions 86–95, identify which section A–D each of the following is mentioned. Write ONE
letter A–D in the space provided. Each letter may be used more than once.
According to the text, which section(s) mention the following? Your answers
 the performers maintaining a constant level of energy throughout 86. _____
the visit?
 a way of generating income for a related initiative? 87. _____
 an attempt to give a novice reassurance? 88. _____
 the unique feature of the group’s style of performance? 89. _____
 a move that is unexpectedly challenging? 90. _____
 an example of the stamina demanded by a routine? 91. _____
 a shift away from the conventions of a genre? 92. _____
 a feeling of relative inadequacy? 93. _____
 an appreciation of the faith performers have in each other? 94. _____
 the contrasting pace of elements of the performance? 95. _____
D. WRITING (6 points)
Part 1: Read the following passage and use your own words to summarise it. You MUST NOT
copy or re-write the original. Your summary should be about 100-120 words long. (1.5 points)
Today, the majority of the world’s population may not be vegetarians, but vegetarianism is rapidly
gaining popularity. People who decide to become vegetarians generally have very strong feelings
about the issue and may choose a vegetarian diet for different reasons. Health issues, awareness of
environmental problems and moral issues are three common arguments in favour of vegetarianism
that are quite convincing.
Many non-vegetarians claim that a vegetarian diet does not give a person the necessary vitamins and
proteins that their body needs. However, doctors and medical associations say that a vegetarian diet
is able to satisfy the nutritional needs of people of all ages. All the nutrients and proteins one's body

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needs can be found in vegetables, nuts and grains, as well as in dairy products. Eating meat may be
an easy way to get the protein one needs, but it is not the only way.
Vegetarians also argue that the meat industry is the source of many environmental problems that
could be eliminated if people ate less meat or even stopped eating it altogether. Raising livestock for
the meat industry takes a huge toll on the world's natural resources; for example forests are cut
down to clear land for crops to feed livestock or for pastureland. This in turn leads to an increase in
global warming, loss of topsoil and loss of plant and animal life.
Finally, many people refrain from eating meat for ethical reasons. They object to taking the life of
another living creature in order to satisfy their hunger. Moreover, they argue that we inflict great
pain and suffering on animals that are raised for meat. Poultry and livestock raised on factory farms
are kept under abominable conditions, confined in areas that hardly allow them to move, fed with
antibiotics and, in the end, they are cruelly slaughtered.
Becoming a vegetarian might not appeal to everyone, but it is a choice that is gaining popularity as our
awareness of health and environmental issues as well as our concern for animal welfare is growing. It is
also becoming more feasible as restaurants and supermarkets increasingly cater for the vegetarian market.

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Part 2: The chart below shows the main causes of land damage in four different areas in the
world. (1.5 points)
Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where
relevant. You should write about 150 words.

Main Causes of Land Damage in Four Regions

600
Million hectares
Tree-cutting
500
450
Breeding
400 370
Farming
300

200

100 100
100

0
Africa Asia Australia Europe
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Part 3: Write an essay of 300 words on the following topic. (3 points)
Plastic shopping bags are used widely and cause many environmental problems. Therefore, it is
said that they should be banned.
To what extent do you agree or disagree?
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