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    Lab Report 4

    Uploaded by

    Uzair Waheed
    The document describes tasks from a digital image processing lab report. It includes applying transformations like negative, log and power law to images. It also covers thresholding, gray level slicing, and calculating a histogram to analyze and enhance images.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Lab Report 4

    Uploaded by

    Uzair Waheed
    8 views10 pages
    The document describes tasks from a digital image processing lab report. It includes applying transformations like negative, log and power law to images. It also covers thresholding, gray level slicing, and calculating a histogram to analyze and enhance images.

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    Lab_Report_4

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    The document describes tasks from a digital image processing lab report. It includes applying transformations like negative, log and power law to images. It also covers thresholding, gray level slicing, and calculating a histogram to analyze and enhance images.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    8 views10 pages

    Lab Report 4

    Uploaded by

    Uzair Waheed
    The document describes tasks from a digital image processing lab report. It includes applying transformations like negative, log and power law to images. It also covers thresholding, gray level slicing, and calculating a histogram to analyze and enhance images.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 10

    DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER & SOFTWARE

    ENGINEERING

    COLLEGE OF E&ME, NUST, RAWALPINDI

    EC312 Digital Image Processing


    Lab Report - 04

    SUBMITTED TO:
    LE Ma’am Sundas Ashraf

    SUBMITTED BY:
    Uzair Waheed
    Reg # 371828
    DE- 43 CE

    Submission Date:10/03/24

    1|Page
    Lab-04: Transformation Operation
    Lab Tasks

    Task-1:
    Apply following transformation techniques on image provided and observe the
    output image of each transformation.

    I. Negative transformation
    II. Log transformation
    Code:

    import cv2
    import numpy as np

    img = cv2.imread("input_img.png", cv2.IMREAD_GRAYSCALE)


    # negative transformation
    neg_trans = 255 - img

    # logarithmic transformation
    max_pixel = np.max(img)
    c = 255 / np.log(1 + max_pixel)
    log_trans = c * np.log(img + 1)
    log_trans = log_trans.astype(np.uint8)

    cv2.imshow("Input Image", img)


    cv2.imshow("Negative Transformation ", neg_trans)
    cv2.imshow("Logarithmic Transformation ", log_trans)
    cv2.waitKey(0)

    2|Page
    Output:

    Task-2:

    Code:

    import cv2
    import numpy as np

    img = cv2.imread("input_img.png", 0)
    mean_ = np.mean(img)
    rows, cols= img.shape

    # a)
    img_a = np.zeros([rows, cols], dtype=np.uint8)
    for x in range(rows):
    for y in range(cols):
    if img[x][y] <= mean_:
    img_a[x][y] = 0

    3|Page
    else:
    img_a[x][y] = 255

    # b)
    img_b = np.zeros([rows, cols], dtype=np.uint8)
    for x in range(rows):
    for y in range(cols):
    if img[x][y] <= mean_:
    img_b[x][y] = 255
    else:
    img_b[x][y] = 0

    # c)
    img_c = np.zeros([rows, cols], dtype=np.uint8)
    for x in range(rows):
    for y in range(cols):
    if mean_ - 20 <= img[x][y] <= mean_ + 20:
    img_c[x][y] = 0
    else:
    img_c[x][y] = 255

    cv2.imshow("Input Image", img)


    cv2.imshow("a)", img_a)
    cv2.imshow("b)", img_b)
    cv2.imshow("c)", img_c)
    cv2.waitKey(0)

    Output:

    4|Page
    Task-3:
    Apply Power Law transformation for the following values of γ (0.2, 0.5, 1.2 and
    1.8). Make sure to adjust data types accordingly

    Code:

    import cv2
    import numpy as np

    img = cv2.imread("input_img.png", 0)

    def powerLaw(img, gamma):


    gamma_img = 255 * (np.power((img / 255), gamma))
    gamma_img = gamma_img.astype(np.uint8)
    return gamma_img

    cv2.imshow("Real Image", img)

    new_img = powerLaw(img, 0.2)


    cv2.imshow("Gamma = 0.2", new_img)

    new_img = powerLaw(img, 0.5)


    cv2.imshow("Gamma = 0.5", new_img)

    new_img = powerLaw(img, 1.2)


    cv2.imshow("Gamma = 1.2", new_img)

    5|Page
    new_img = powerLaw(img, 1.8)
    cv2.imshow("Gamma = 1.8", new_img)

    cv2.waitKey(0)

    Output:

    6|Page
    Task-4:
    Apply Gray level slicing using lower limit 100 and upper limit 200. Set all these
    values to 210.
    Code:

    import cv2
    import numpy as np

    img = cv2.imread("input_img.png", 0)

    def grayLvlSlicing(img):
    rows, cols = img.shape
    img_ = np.zeros([rows, cols], dtype=np.uint8)
    for x in range(rows):
    for y in range(cols):
    if 100 <= img[x][y] <= 200:
    img_[x][y] = 210
    else:
    img_[x][y] = img[x][y]
    return img_

    cv2.imshow("Input Image ", img)


    new_img = grayLvlSlicing(img)
    cv2.imshow("Img after Gray slicing", new_img)
    cv2.waitKey(0)

    7|Page
    Output:

    Task-5:
    Calculate histogram of gray scale mage.(Don’t use build in function) .Make
    your own algorithm.
    Code:

    import cv2
    import numpy as np
    import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

    img = cv2.imread("input_img.png", 0)

    def histogram(img):
    rows, cols = img.shape
    hist = np.zeros(256)
    for x in range(rows):
    for y in range(cols):
    hist[img[x, y]] += 1
    return hist

    hist = histogram(img)

    8|Page
    plt.figure()
    plt.bar(range(256), hist, color='lightblue')
    plt.xlabel('Pixel Value')
    plt.ylabel('Frequency')
    plt.title('Histogram')
    plt.show()

    Output:

    Task-6:
    Enhance given image by using local histogram statistics.
    E=4 .0, K0=0.4, K1=0.02, K2=0.4

    9|Page
    Code:

    import cv2 as cv
    import numpy as np

    img = cv.imread('tungsten_original.tif', 0)
    cv.imshow('image', img)
    # calculate the global mean of imag
    Gm = np.mean(img)
    # calculate the stadard deviation of image
    G_std = np.std(img)
    E = 4.0
    K0 = 0.4
    K1 = 0.02
    K2 = 0.4

    # calculate the local mean and lcal standard deviation of of pixle value
    for i in range(img.shape[0]):
    for j in range(img.shape[1]):
    if i - 1 >= 0 and j - 1 >= 0 and i + 1 < img.shape[0] and j + 1 <
    img.shape[1]:
    Lm = np.mean(img[i - 1:i + 1, j - 1:j + 1])
    L_std = np.std(img[i - 1:i + 1, j - 1:j + 1])
    if Lm <= K0 * Gm and K2 * G_std >= L_std >= K1 * G_std:
    img[i][j] = E * img[i][j]

    cv.imshow('local enhancement', img)


    cv.waitKey(0)

    Output:

    10 | P a g e

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