BIRLA PUBLIC SCHOOL DOHA QATAR

(Academic Year - 2024 - 2025)

Grade 10-History

Chapter 2 Nationalism in India

MCQ & Assertion and Reason & HOTs

1. Which of the following was the reason for calling off the Non-cooperation
Movement by Gandhiji?

(a) Pressure from the British Government

(b) Second Round Table Conference

(c) Gandhiji’s arrest

(d) Chauri-Chaura incident

Answer: (d) Chauri-Chaura incident

2. Who set up the ‘Oudh Kisan Sabha’?

(a) Alluri Sitaram Raju

(b) Jawahar Lai Nehru and Baba Ramchandra

(c) Jawaharlal Nehru and Shaukat Ali

(d) Mahatma Gandhi

Answer: (b) Jawahar Lai Nehru and Baba Ramchandra

3. Which province did not boycott the council election?

(a) Madras

(b) Hyderabad

(c) Ahmadabad

(d) Lucknow

Answer: Madras

4. Who formed the ‘Swaraj Party’ within the Congress?

(a) Jawahar Lai Nehru and Motilal Nehru

(b) Abdul Ghaffar Khan and Mahatma Gandhi

(c) Jawahar Lal Nehru and Subhas Chandra Bose

(d) C.R. Das and Motilal Nehru

Answer: (d) C.R. Das and Motilal Nehru

5. The resolution of Purna Swaraj was adopted at which congress session?

(a) Bombay

(b) Lahore.

(c) Karachi

(d) Madras

Answer: (b) Lahore

6. Which party did not boycott the Council elections held in the year 1921?

(a) Swaraj Party

(b) Justice Party

(c) Muslim League

(d) Congress Party

Answer: (b) Justice Party

7. Who was the writer of the book ‘Hind Swaraj’?

(a) Rabindranath Tagore

(b) B.R. Ambedkar

(c) Mahatma Gandhi

(d) Jawahar Lai Nehru

(c) Mahatma Gandhi

Answer: (c) Mahatma Gandhi

8. When did Mahatma Gandhi reach in Dandi to violate the salt law?

(a) On 5thApril 1930

(b) On 6th April 1930

(c) On 6th May 1930

(d) On 7th April 1930

Answer: On 6th April 1930

9. A form of demonstration used in the Non-cooperation Movement in which

people block the entrance to a shop, factory or office is

(a) Boycott

(b) Begar

(c) Picketing

(d) Bandh

Answer: (c) Picketing

10. Khilafat Committee was formed in 1919 in the city of

(a) Bombay

(b) Calcutta

(c) Lucknow

(d) Amritsar

Answer: (a) Bombay

11. In which year the Indigo Satyagraha was organized?

(a) 1916

(b) 1917

(c) 1918

(d) 1919

Answer: (b) 1917

12. Which one of the following Viceroys announced a vague offer of dominion
status for India in October 1929?

(a) Lord Mountbatten

(b) Lord Dalhousie

(c) Lord Irwin

(d) Lord Curzon

Answer: (c) Lord Irwin

13. Who among the following two leaders led the Khilafat Movement?
(a) Shaukat Ali and Muhammad Ali

(b) Gandhiji and Sardar Patel

(c) Muhammad Ali Jinnah and Abul Kalam Azad

(d) Abul Kalam Azad and Jawaharlal Nehru

Answer: (a) Shaukat Ali and Muhammad Ali

14. Who organized the Swaraj party in west Bengal?

(a) Bipin Chandra pal

(b) Chitranjan Das and Motilal Nehru

(c) Jawaharlal lal Nehru

(d) Subhas Chandra Bose

Answer: (b) Chitranjan Das and Motilal Nehru

15. When did the Jallianwala Bagh incident take place?

(a) On 13 April 1919

(b) On 15 August 1919

(c) On 27 October 1919

(d) On 10 March 1919

Answer: (a) On 13 April 1919

Assertion and Reason Questions

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

(c) A is true but R is false.

(d) A is false but R is true

Q.1.) Assertion (A): In India rise of nationalism is associated with the anti-
colonial movement.

Reason(R): The sense of being oppressed under colonialism connected many

different groups together.

Ans. a

Q.2.) Assertion (A): The Congress under Mahatma Gandhi tried to connect
different groups together into one movement.
Reasons(R): Unity didn’t come without conflicts.

Ans. b

Q.3.) Assertion (A): Mass processions were a common feature of the Indian
national movement.

Reason(R): People protested for the benefit of their respective social groups.

Ans. c

Q.4.) Assertion (A): The notions of freedom were different for every social
group.

Reason(R) Every class and group felt the effects of colonialism differently.

Ans. a

Q.5.) Assertion (A): Rates of taxes were raised and income tax was introduced
in colonial India.

Reason(R): Defence expenditure and war loans after the First World War were
financed by Indian taxes.

Ans. a

Q.6.) Assertion (A): In 1920-21 crops failed in many parts of India and there
was an influenza epidemic.

Reason(R): According to the 1921 census, 13 million people perished in India

due to famine and disease.

Ans. b

Q.7.) Assertion (A): Mahatma Gandhi appeared as a new leader for the popular
movement after the First World War.

Reason(R): Hardships as hoped ended after the war.

Ans. c

Q.8.) Assertion (A): Mahatma Gandhi returned from South Africa to India in
January 1916.

Reason(R): Gandhi successfully fought racist regime of South Africa with

Satyagraha and now he was back in India to apply this policy.

Ans. d

Q.9.) Assertion (A): A Satyagrahi could win any battle without the use of
violence and anger.
Reason(R): Satyagrahi while constantly standing their ground would strike at
the conscious of the oppressor.

Ans. a

Q.10.) Assertion (A): In 1917 Mahatma Gandhi travelled to Champaran, Bihar.

Reason(R): It was Gandhi’s first major movement where he inspired peasants

to resist exploitation by planters.

Ans. a

Q.11.) Assertion (A): Peasants of Kheda were adversely affected by the crop
failure and plague.

Reason(R): Kheda peasants could not pay the revenue in 1917 and wanted
relaxation in payment.

Ans. b

Q.12.) Assertion (A): Mahatma Gandhi declared that Satyagraha is a weapon of

the strong instead of the weak.

Reason(R): Satyagraha is pure soul force and uses truth as its driving force.

Ans. a

Q.13.) Assertion (A): Mahatma Gandhi decided to launch a nationwide

Satyagraha against the Rowlatt Act in 1919 .

Reason(R): Rowlatt Act gave government unrestricted power to arrest Indian

political prisoners without trial for 2 years.

Ans. A

Q.14.) Assertion(A): British administration brutally tried to suppress the

nationalist.

Reason(R): Local leaders were picked up from Amritsar, and Mahatma Gandhi
was stopped beside Delhi.

Ans. b

Q.15.) Assertion (A): There were widespread attacks on government and

public buildings in Amritsar during April 1919.

Reason(R): On April 10, there was an open fire on a peaceful procession of

protesters in Amritsar.

Ans. A

HOT (ANALYTICAL TYPE QUESTIONS)

1. “The first world war and the aftermath led to a nationalist upsurge in India”.
Evaluate.

Answer: The war created a new economic and political situation.

 There was huge increase in defence expenditure which was financed by war loans and
increasing taxes: customs duties were raised and income tax introduced.
 Through the war years prices increased –doubling between 1913 and 1918 – leading to
extreme hardship for the common people.
 Villages were called upon to supply soldiers, and the forced recruitment in rural areas
caused widespread anger.
 In 1918-19 and 1920-21, crops failed in many parts of India, resulting in acute shortages
of food.
 This was accompanied by an influenza epidemic. According to the census of 1921, 12 to
13 million people perished as a result of famines and the epidemic.
 People hoped that their hardships would end after the war was over. But that did not
happen.
The impact of the First World War resulted in a nationalist upsurge in India nationalism.

2. “The effects of the non-cooperation movement in the economic front were more
dramatic. Explain the statement with suitable examples.”

 Answer: The effects of non-cooperation on the economic front were more dramatic.
 Foreign goods were boycotted, liquor shops picketed, and foreign cloth burnt in huge
bonfires. The import of foreign cloth halved between 1921 and 1922, its value dropping
from Rs 102 crore to Rs 57 crore.
 In many places merchants and traders refused to trade in foreign goods or finance
foreign trade.
 As the boycott movement spread, and people began discarding imported clothes and
wearing only Indian ones, production of Indian textile mills and handlooms went up.

3. Mahatma Gandhi launched a more broad-based movement in India by joining the

Khilafat Andolan. Explain the statement with three arguments in the context of
Non-cooperation movement.
 Mahatma Gandhi now felt the need to launch a more broad-based movement in India.
 He was certain that no such movement could be organised without bringing the Hindus
and Muslims closer together.
 One way of doing this, he felt, was to take up the Khilafat issue.
 To defend the Khalifa’s temporal powers, a Khilafat Committee was formed in Bombay in
March 1919.
 A young generation of Muslim leaders like the brothers Muhammad Ali and Shaukat Ali,
began discussing with Mahatma Gandhi about the possibility of a united mass action on
the issue. Gandhiji saw this as an opportunity to bring Muslims under the umbrella of a
unified national movement.

4. Mahatma Gandhi saw in salt a powerful symbol that could unite the nation.
Examine the statement in the context of the Civil Dis obedience movement.
OR
 A pinch of salt could shake a nation. Evaluate the statement referring to the Dandi
march.
 Answer: Mahatma Gandhi found in salt a powerful symbol that could unite the nation.
 On 31 January 1930, he sent a letter to Viceroy Irwin stating eleven demands.
 . The most stirring of all was the demand to abolish the salt tax. Salt was something
consumed by the rich and the poor alike, and it was one of the most essential items of
food.
 Mahatma Gandhi’s letter was, in a way, an ultimatum. If the demands were not
fulfilled by 11 March, the letter stated, the Congress would launch a civil disobedience
campaign.
 Irwin was unwilling to negotiate. So Mahatma Gandhi started his famous salt march
accompanied by 78 of his trusted volunteers.
 So Mahatma Gandhi started his famous salt march accompanied by 78 of his trusted
volunteers.
 The march was over 240 miles, from Gandhiji’s ashram in Sabarmati to the Gujarati
coastal town of Dandi.
 On 6 April he reached Dandi, and ceremonially violated the law, manufacturing salt by
 boiling sea water. This marked the beginning of the Civil Disobedience Movement.

5. .” The cultural processes helped to create a sense of collective belonging in India

“Justify with valid arguments.
 Answer: Together with political movements, history and fiction, folklore and songs,
popular prints and symbols, all played a part in the making of nationalism in India.
Image of Bharat Mata: The identity of India came to be visually associated with the
image of Bharat Mata. The image was first created by Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay
through the hymn ‘Vande Mataram’.
Moved by the Swadeshi movement, Abanindranath Tagore painted his famous image of
Bharat Mata as an ascetic figure; she is calm, composed, divine and spiritual.
Revival of folk culture: Preservation of India folk tradition was considered essential to
discover one’s national identity and restore a sense of pride in one’s past. . In Bengal,
Rabindranath Tagore himself began collecting ballads, nursery rhymes and myths, and
led the movement for
folk lore. In Madras, Natesa Sastri published a massive four-volume collection of Tamil
folk tales, The Folklore of Southern India.
Designing a national flag: By 1921, Gandhiji had designed the Swaraj flag. It was a
tricolour (red, green and white) and had a spinning wheel in the centre, representing the
Gandhian ideal of self-help. Carrying the flag holding it aloft, during marches became a
symbol of defiance.

Re interpretation of Indian History: Another means of creating a feeling of nationalism

was through reinterpretation of Indian history. The British saw Indians as backward and
primitive, incapable of governing themselves. In response nationalist historians wrote
about the glorious developments in ancient times when art and architecture, science and
mathematics, religion and culture, law and philosophy, crafts and trade had flourished.

6. Differentiate between the NCM and the CDM.

Differentiate between the NCM and the CDM.
 NCM CDM
1. The NCM began in and ended on February It started on March 12, 1930, through
1922. the launch of the Salt Satyagraha and
ended with the signing of the Gandhi-
Irwin Pact.
2. The Non-Cooperation Movement sought to 2. The Civil Disobedience Movement
bring the working of the government to a standstill was an attempt at paralysing the
by not cooperating with the British administration. administration by breaking the civil
law.
3. There was extensive scale participation of the 3. The Civil-Disobedience movement
Muslim working class in the Non-Cooperation saw less participation from the Muslim
movement. community due to the policy of divide
and rule by the British and the
communal propaganda of the Muslim
League and the Hindu Mahasabha.
4. The non-cooperation movement was The civil disobedience movement saw
geographically confined to certain parts of India. widespread geographical coverage
and mass participation in comparison
to the non-cooperation movement.
There was large scale participation of
the women.
5. The participation of Indian women was small 5.There was large scale participation
scale. of the women.

7. The Poona Pact resolved the differences that had arisen between Gandhiji and BR
Ambedkar. Support your views with valid examples.
 Answer: Dr B.R. Ambedkar, who organised the dalits into the Depressed Classes
Association in 1930, clashed with Mahatma Gandhi at the second Round Table
Conference by demanding separate electorates for dalits.
 When the British government conceded Ambedkar’s demand, Gandhiji began a fast unto
death.
 He believed that separate electorates for dalits would slow down the process of
their integration into society.
 Ambedkar ultimately accepted Gandhiji’s position and the result was the Poona Pact of
September 1932.
 It gave the Depressed Classes (later to be known as the Schedule Castes) reserved
seats in provincial and central legislative councils, but they were to be voted in by the
general electorate.

Prepared by: Elsykutty