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    Stoichiometric Calculations

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    khristineclaire47
    This document discusses stoichiometry calculations for chemical reactions in solutions. It defines stoichiometry and terms used in stoichiometry calculations like mole, molarity, molality. It also outlines the steps to perform stoichiometry calculations, including mole-to-mole, mass-to-mole, mole-to-mass and mass-to-mass calculations, illustrated with examples.

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    Stoichiometric Calculations

    Uploaded by

    khristineclaire47
    20 views22 pages
    This document discusses stoichiometry calculations for chemical reactions in solutions. It defines stoichiometry and terms used in stoichiometry calculations like mole, molarity, molality. It also outlines the steps to perform stoichiometry calculations, including mole-to-mole, mass-to-mole, mole-to-mass and mass-to-mass calculations, illustrated with examples.

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    Stoichiometric-calculations

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    This document discusses stoichiometry calculations for chemical reactions in solutions. It defines stoichiometry and terms used in stoichiometry calculations like mole, molarity, molality. It also outlines the steps to perform stoichiometry calculations, including mole-to-mole, mass-to-mole, mole-to-mass and mass-to-mass calculations, illustrated with examples.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    20 views22 pages

    Stoichiometric Calculations

    Uploaded by

    khristineclaire47
    This document discusses stoichiometry calculations for chemical reactions in solutions. It defines stoichiometry and terms used in stoichiometry calculations like mole, molarity, molality. It also outlines the steps to perform stoichiometry calculations, including mole-to-mole, mass-to-mole, mole-to-mass and mass-to-mass calculations, illustrated with examples.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 22

    Stoichiometric

    Calculations for
    Reactions in
    Solutions

    GENERAL CHEMISTRY 2
    Perform stoichiometric calculations for reactions in solutions
    (STEM_GC11PPIIId-f-112)

    a. Define stoichiometry.
    b. Apply the concept of mole to obtain the amount of a
    given substance.
    c. Solve problems for quantitative relationships in balanced
    chemical equations using the mole method.
    Stoichiometry
    • Stoichiometry is the calculation of reactants and products in a certain
    chemical reactions.
    • It is a section of chemistry that involves using relationships between
    reactants and/or products in a chemical reaction to determine
    desired quantitative data.
    Stoichiometry is often used to balance chemical
    equations.

    It shows the 2:1:2 ratio of hydrogen, oxygen, and water molecules in


    the above equation.
    Terms to Review
    üAqueous means dissolved in water; it is written as (aq). The solvent is
    water.
    üAqueous solution is a solution in which the solvent is water. Example,
    a solution of table salt or sodium chloride or known as salt solution.
    üSolution a mixture of solute and solvent (Types: gas - gas, gas - liquid,
    gas – solid, liquid – liquid, liquid – solid, liquid – gas, solid – solid, solid
    – liquid, and solid - gas).
    Terms to Review
    üSolute is the substance that gets dissolved
    üSolvent is the liquid that dissolves solute
    üConcentration means, how much solute is dissolved per volume of
    solution.
    üMolarity is the concentration of a substance in solution, expressed as
    the number moles of solute per liter of solution. Its unit is mol/L and
    it is indicated by M.
    Terms to Review
    üMolality is the concentration of a substance in solution, expressed as
    the number moles of solute per kilogram of solution. Its unit is
    mol/kg or molal, indicated as m.
    üMole is the SI unit of amount of substance of a specified elementary
    entity, which may be an atom, molecule, ion, electron, any other
    particle or a specified group of such particles. Its magnitude is set by
    fixing the numerical value of the Avogadro constant to be exactly
    6.022 x 1023.
    STEPS IN CALCULATING STOICHIOMETRIC
    PROBLEMS

    • STEP 1. Balance the equation.


    • STEP 2. Convert units of a given substance to moles.
    • STEP 3. Using the mole ratio, calculate the moles of substance yielded
    by the reaction.
    • STEP 4. Convert moles of wanted substance to desired units.
    Mole-to-Mole Calculation
    • Problem # 1. Nitrogen gas (N2) reacts with hydrogen gas (N2) to form
    ammonia (NH3). How many moles of N2 are consumed to produce
    3.00 mol NH3?

    Following Step 1. We need to balance the equation, N2 + H2 →NH3.


    Mole-to-Mole Calculation
    • Problem # 1. Nitrogen gas (N2) reacts with hydrogen gas (N2) to form
    ammonia (NH3). How many moles of N2 are consumed to produce
    3.00 mol NH3?

    Step 2: Convert units of a given substance to moles.


    Given: 3 mol NH3
    Required: mol of N2
    Mole-to-Mole Calculation
    • Problem # 1. Nitrogen gas (N2) reacts with hydrogen gas (N2) to form
    ammonia (NH3). How many moles of N2 are consumed to produce
    3.00 mol NH3?

    Step 3: Using the mole ratio, calculate the moles of substance yielded by the
    reaction. The mole ratio is 1:2 (1 mol N and 2 mol NH )
    2 3

    Mole A Mole B
    Mole ratio
    Mole NH3 Mole N2
    !"#$ &
    !"#$ '
    Mole-to-Mole Calculation
    • Problem # 1. Nitrogen gas (N2) reacts with hydrogen gas (N2) to form
    ammonia (NH3). How many moles of N2 are consumed to produce
    3.00 mol NH3?

    Step 3: Using the mole ratio, calculate the moles of substance yielded by the
    reaction.
    1 +,- ."
    3.00 +,- ./! × = 4. 5 6"# 7#
    2 +,- ./!
    Mole-to-Mole Calculation
    • Problem # 1. Nitrogen gas (N2) reacts with hydrogen gas (N2) to form
    ammonia (NH3). How many moles of N2 are consumed to produce
    3.00 mol NH3?

    Step 4: Convert moles of wanted substance to desired units.

    Since the unit required is mole, the final answer is 1.5 mol N2.
    Mass-to-Mole Calculation
    • Problem # 2. Nitrogen gas (N2) reacts with hydrogen gas (N2) to form
    ammonia (NH3). If 25 g of N2 reacts with H2 , how many moles of NH3
    will be formed?

    Step 1: Balance the equation.


    Step 2: Convert units of a given substance to moles.
    Step 3: Using the mole ratio, calculate the moles of substance yielded by the
    reaction.
    Step 4: Convert moles of wanted substance to desired units.
    Mass-to-Mole Calculation
    • Problem # 2. Nitrogen gas (N2) reacts with hydrogen gas (N2) to form
    ammonia (NH3). If 25 g of N2 reacts with H2 , how many moles of NH3
    will be formed?

    Mass A Mole A Mole B


    Mole ratio
    Mass N2 Mole N2 Mole NH3
    4 !"#$ ' !"#$ &
    !"#89 68:: ' !"#$ '
    Mass-to-Mole Calculation
    • Problem # 2. Nitrogen gas (N2) reacts with hydrogen gas (N2) to form
    ammonia (NH3). If 25 g of N2 reacts with H2 , how many moles of NH3
    will be formed?

    Given: 25 g N2
    Required: mol of NH3

    1 ()* %! 2 ()*%,"
    25 $ %! × × = 4. ; 6"# 7<$
    28 $ %! 1 ()*%!
    Mole-to-Mass Calculation
    • Problem # 3. Nitrogen gas (N2) reacts with hydrogen gas (N2) to form
    ammonia (NH3). If 4.5 moles of H2 reacts with N2 , how many grams of
    NH3 will be formed?

    Step 1: Balance the equation.


    Step 2: Convert units of a given substance to moles.
    Step 3: Using the mole ratio, calculate the moles of substance yielded by the
    reaction.
    Step 4: Convert moles of wanted substance to desired units.
    Mole-to-Mass Calculation
    • Problem # 3. Nitrogen gas (N2) reacts with hydrogen gas (N2) to form
    ammonia (NH3). If 4.5 moles of H2 reacts with N2 , how many grams of
    NH3 will be formed?

    Mole A Mole B Mass B


    Mole ratio
    Mole H2 Mole NH3 Mass NH3
    !"#$ & !"#89 !8:: &
    !"#$ ' 4 !"#$ &
    Mole-to-Mass Calculation
    • Problem # 3. Nitrogen gas (N2) reacts with hydrogen gas (N2) to form
    ammonia (NH3). If 4.5 moles of H2 reacts with N2 , how many grams of
    NH3 will be formed?

    Given: 4.5 mol H2


    Required: mass of NH3

    2 ()* %," 17 $ %,"


    4.5 ()* ,! × × = 54 = 7<$
    3 ()* ,! 1 ()* %,"
    Mass-to-Mass Calculation
    • Problem # 4. Nitrogen gas (N2) reacts with hydrogen gas (N2) to form
    ammonia (NH3). How many grams N2 are consumed by the reaction of
    152 g of H2?

    Step 1: Balance the equation.


    Step 2: Convert units of a given substance to moles.
    Step 3: Using the mole ratio, calculate the moles of substance yielded by the
    reaction.
    Step 4: Convert moles of wanted substance to desired units.
    Mass-to-Mass Calculation
    • Problem # 4. Nitrogen gas (N2) reacts with hydrogen gas (N2) to form
    ammonia (NH3). How many grams N2 are consumed by the reaction of
    152 g of H2?

    Mass A Mole A Mole B Mass B


    Mass H2 Mole H2 Mole ratio Mole N2 Mass N2
    / %&'( + %&'( * %&',- %,.. *
    %&',- %,.. + %&'( + / %&'( *
    Mass-to-Mass Calculation
    • Problem # 4. Nitrogen gas (N2) reacts with hydrogen gas (N2) to form
    ammonia (NH3). How many grams N2 are consumed by the reaction of
    152 g of H2?

    Given: 152 g H2
    Required: mass of N2

    1 ()* ,! 1 ()* %! 28 $ %!
    152 $ ,! × × × = >?@ = 7#
    2 $ ,! 3 ()* ,! 1 ()* %!

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