Designation: D950 − 03 (Reapproved 2011)

Standard Test Method for

Impact Strength of Adhesive Bonds1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D950; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.

INTRODUCTION

The accuracy of the results of strength tests of adhesive bonds will depend on the conditions under
which the bonding process is carried out. Unless otherwise agreed upon between the manufacturer and
the purchaser, the bonding conditions shall be prescribed by the manufacturer of the adhesive. In order
to ensure that complete information is available to the individual conducting the tests, the
manufacturer of the adhesive shall furnish numerical values and other specific information for each of
the following variables:
(1) Procedure for preparation of surfaces prior to application of the adhesive the cleaning and
drying of metal surfaces, and special surface treatments such as sanding which are not specifically
limited by the pertinent test method.
(2) Complete mixing directions for the adhesive.
(3) Conditions for application of the adhesive including the rate of spread or thickness of film,
number of coats to be applied, whether to be applied to one or both surfaces, and the conditions of
drying where more than one coat is required.
(4) Assembly conditions before application of pressure, including the room temperature, length of
time, and whether open or closed assembly is to be used.
(5) Curing conditions, including the amount of pressure to be applied, the length of time under
pressure and the temperature of the assembly when under pressure. It should be stated whether this
temperature is that of the bond line, or of the atmosphere at which the assembly is to be maintained.
(6) Conditioning procedure before testing, unless a standard procedure is specified, including the
length of time, temperature, and relative humidity.
A range may be prescribed for any variable by the manufacturer of the adhesive if it can be assumed
by the test operator that any arbitrarily chosen value within such a range or any combination of such
values for several variables will be acceptable to both the manufacturer and the purchaser of the
adhesive.

1. Scope responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-

1.1 This test method covers the determination of the com- priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
parative impact strength of adhesive bonds in shear, when bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
tested on standard specimens under specified conditions of
preparation, conditioning, and testing. 2. Referenced Documents
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the 2.1 ASTM Standards:2
standard. The values in parentheses are for information only. A108 Specification for Steel Bar, Carbon and Alloy, Cold-
Finished
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the B16/B16M Specification for Free-Cutting Brass Rod, Bar
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the and Shapes for Use in Screw Machines
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D14 on
Adhesives and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D14.80 on Metal
2
Bonding Adhesives. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved April 1, 2011. Published April 2011. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at [email protected]. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1952. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D950 – 03. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/D0950-03R11. the ASTM website.

Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States

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 D950 − 03 (2011)
B107/B107M Specification for Magnesium-Alloy Extruded 5.1.1.3 Vise or Bolts to hold the jig rigid and immobile
Bars, Rods, Profiles, Tubes, and Wire under the stress of the testing machine hammer with the total
B133 Specification for Copper Rod, Bar, And Shapes (With- height of the vise, jig, and test specimen such that the lower
drawn 1994)3 edge of the striking face of the impact head strikes the
B139/B139M Specification for Phosphor Bronze Rod, Bar, specimen as near the adhesive line as possible, preferably
and Shapes within 0.79 mm (1⁄32 in.). Ordinarily the distance between the
B151/B151M Specification for Copper-Nickel-Zinc Alloy top of the jaws of the vise of the machine and the bottom of the
(Nickel Silver) and Copper-Nickel Rod and Bar striking face of the head is 22 mm (0.866 in.), and proper
B211 Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy height of the specimen may be obtained by adjusting its height
Rolled or Cold Finished Bar, Rod, and Wire in the jig.
D905 Test Method for Strength Properties of Adhesive 5.1.2 See Test Methods E23 for additional information on
Bonds in Shear by Compression Loading impact testing machines and their calibration.
D907 Terminology of Adhesives
E23 Test Methods for Notched Bar Impact Testing of Me- 5.2 Conditioning Room or Desiccators—A conditioning
tallic Materials room capable of maintaining a relative humidity of 50 6 2 %
at 23 6 1.1°C (73.4 6 2°F), or desiccators filled with a
3. Terminology saturated salt solution (Note 1) to give a relative humidity of 50
6 2 % at 23 6 1.1°C.
3.1 Definitions—Many terms in this test method are defined
in Terminology D907. NOTE 1—A saturated salt solution of calcium nitrate will give approxi-
mately 51 % relative humidity at the test temperature.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 impact strength, n—the energy absorbed expressed in
6. Test Specimens
joules per square metre or foot-pounds-force (ft-lbf) per square
inch, by a specimen of standard design when impacted to 6.1 Metal-to-Metal Specimens:
failure by a single blow of a testing-machine hammer. (Syn- 6.1.1 Material—Metals conforming to the following speci-
onym impact value.) fications are recommended:
3.2.2 impact value, n—synonym for impact strength. Metal Designation
Brass ASTM B16/B16M, C36000; half-hard temper
4. Significance and Use Copper ASTM B133, C11000; hard temper
Aluminum ASTM B211, A92024; G-3
4.1 Adhesives can fail under a sudden impact load and not Steel AISI 1020, G10200; cold-finished bar
Phosphor bronze ASTM B139/B139M, C54400
under a slowly applied load of the same or greater force. Magnesium ASTM B107/B107M, AZ61A or M1A-F
4.2 This test method can be used to compare the sensitivity Nickel silver ASTM B151/B151M, C77000; quarter-hard
of various adhesives to suddenly applied loads. 6.1.1.1 Run tests on adhesives with high-impact strength
preferably on steel to minimize deformation. The reuse of
5. Apparatus specimens is allowed, provided that the face receiving the
5.1 Testing Machine: impact is not deformed.
5.1.1 A pendulum-type impact machine with a hand veloc- 6.1.2 Specimen Size, Shape, and Assembly—Use the test
ity of 3.4 m/s (11 ft/s), comprising essentially the following: specimen dimensions for metal-to-metal adhesives given in
5.1.1.1 Impact Head equipped with a flat striking face Fig. 2(a), whenever possible. In cases where this specimen
slightly wider than the test specimen, aligned to strike the cannot be fractured in the testing machine available, the square
specimen full-face. dimensions of the 25.4 by 25.4-mm (1 by 1-in.) block may be
5.1.1.2 Jig to hold the test specimen, as shown in Fig. 1. The reduced to a smaller square, keeping the dimensions of the 25.4
jig illustrated is not suitable for use with all impact machines by 44.5-mm (1 by 13⁄4-in.) block constant. Clearly state the
and vises. Vary the dimensions and design of the jig as required dimensions of the specimen and bonded area in the report
for adaptation to machines and vises available, provided the (Section 9). In any case, it is desirable that the specimen size
following general requirements are met: Machine the jig from be such as to give impact strengths that fall somewhere near the
a solid piece of steel and bolt it solidly to the base of the testing middle range of the testing machine, since readings in the
machine. Drill the corners to ensure that the test specimen sets highest and lowest ranges are often unreliable. Assemble the
flush against the retaining end of the jig. Minimize the dirt specimen so the face receiving the impact load is at the point
collection at the drilled corners which could hold the end of the of maximum velocity of the impact head. The impact face of
specimen away from the face of the jig. Provide the jig with a the specimen is to be square and flat, perpendicular to the plane
screw to tighten the specimen in the jig, in order to minimize of the bond line, and parallel to the striking face of the
the tendency of the specimen to overturn when struck. Locate pendulum.
the jig so that the specimen will be struck at the point of 6.1.3 Bonding—Apply adhesive and pressure in accordance
maximum head velocity. with the procedure outlined by the manufacturer of the
adhesive.
3
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on 6.1.3.1 Prepare areas that are to be bonded in accordance
www.astm.org. with the recommendations of the manufacturer of the adhesive.

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 D950 − 03 (2011)

FIG. 1 Adapter Jig for Impact Machines

6.1.4 Conditioning—Preconditioning is not required for retaining end of the jig. Rest the impact head of the machine
metal-to-metal bonds. The adhesive is ready for test purposes gently against the specimen and adjust the jig so that the head
when it has been applied in accordance with 6.1.3 unless fits squarely against the impact face of the specimen.
otherwise specified by the manufacturer or the purchaser. 7.2 Raise the impact head to a predetermined height and
6.1.5 Number of Test Specimens, Metal-to-Metal: release the safety catch. The impact energy absorbed by the
6.1.5.1 Test ten test specimens for each adhesive in the case specimen may then be read directly.
of metal-to-metal specimens.
6.1.5.2 Discard specimens that break at a flaw remote from 7.3 Record the following information:
the bond line. Retest unless such flaws constitute a variable the 7.3.1 Record joules or foot pound-force of energy absorbed
effect of which it is desired to study. in producing failure of the specimen.
7.3.2 Record bonded area of specimen.
7. Testing Procedure
7.1 Place the specimen in the jig in the vise of the impact
machine so that the specimen butts squarely against the

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 D950 − 03 (2011)
8. Calculation
8.1 Calculate the impact strength of the specimen as the
energy absorbed in producing failure of the specimen divided
by the bonded area of the specimen, and express in joules per
square metre or foot pound-force per square inch. Report the
values to the nearest 100 J/m2 (0.1 ft·lbf/in.2). Unit results
cannot be extended to different areas than those tested.

9. Report
9.1 Report the following information:
9.1.1 Complete identification of the adhesive tested, includ-
ing type, source, manufacturer’s code numbers, form, etc.,
9.1.2 Method of preparing test specimens, dimensions of
specimens, and materials bonded,
9.1.3 Average thickness of adhesive layer after formation of
the joint, within 0.03 mm (0.001 in.). Describe the method of
obtaining the thickness of the adhesive layer including
procedure, location of measurements, and range of measure-
ments.
9.1.4 Conditioning procedure used,
9.1.5 Atmosphere conditions in test room,
9.1.6 Number of specimens tested,
9.1.7 Actual bonded area, and
9.1.8 Maximum, minimum, and average value of impact
FIG. 2 Block Shear Impact Test Specimens
strength, or the cohesion, adhesion, and contact failures for the
metal specimens.
7.3.3 Record the percentages of cohesion, adhesion, and
contact failures (Note 2). This will be based on visual inspec- 10. Precision and Bias
tion. 10.1 Precision and bias for this test is being determined and
NOTE 2—Cohesion failure may be obtained by observing how much of will be available by September 2007.
the failure has occurred in the adhesive itself. That is, if the adhesive has
adhered to the metal test pieces and no voids are visible, it represents a 11. Keywords
100 % cohesion failure. Adhesion failure refers to the lack of adhering to
metals being fastened. Contact failure refers to lack of bond lines being in 11.1 adhesive bonding; impact head; impact machine; im-
contact due to uneven surfaces, poor pressure distribution, etc. pact strength; impact value

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