2025 2027 Syllabus

Syllabus
Cambridge IGCSE™ (9–1)

Mathematics 0980
Use this syllabus for exams in 2025, 2026 and 2027.
Exams are available in the June and November series.
Version 2
Please check the syllabus page at www.cambridgeinternational.org/0980
to see if this syllabus is available in your administrative zone.
For the purposes of screen readers, any mention in this document of Cambridge IGCSE
refers to Cambridge International General Certificate of Secondary Education.
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Contents
Why choose Cambridge International?......................................................................... 2
1 Why choose this syllabus? ......................................................................................... 4
2 Syllabus overview ........................................................................................................ 7

Aims 7
Content overview 8
Assessment overview 9
Assessment objectives 10
3 Subject content ..........................................................................................................12

Core subject content 12
Extended subject content 32
4 Details of the assessment ........................................................................................ 57

Core assessment 58
Extended assessment 59
List of formulas – Core (Paper 1 and Paper 3) 60
List of formulas – Extended (Paper 2 and Paper 4) 61
Mathematical conventions 62
Command words 64
5 What else you need to know .................................................................................... 65

Before you start 65
Making entries 66
Accessibility and equality 66
After the exam 67
How students and teachers can use the grades 67
Grade descriptions 67
Changes to this syllabus for 2025, 2026 and 2027 68
Important: Changes to this syllabus

For information about changes to this syllabus for 2025, 2026 and 2027, go to page 68.
The latest syllabus is version 2, published October 2023.
Cambridge IGCSE (9–1) Mathematics 0980 syllabus for 2025, 2026 and 2027.
1 Why choose this syllabus?
Key benefits
Cambridge IGCSE is the world’s most popular international
qualification for 14 to 16 year olds, although it can be taken by
students of other ages. It is tried, tested and trusted.
Students can choose from 70 subjects in any combination – it is

taught by over 4500 schools in over 140 countries.
Cambridge
Our programmes balance a thorough knowledge and learner
understanding of a subject and help to develop the skills
learners need for their next steps in education or employment.
Cambridge IGCSE (9–1) Mathematics supports learners

in building competency, confidence and fluency in their use
of techniques and mathematical understanding. Learners
develop a feel for quantity, patterns and relationships, as well
as developing reasoning, problem-solving and analytical skills in a variety of abstract and real-life contexts.
Cambridge IGCSE (9–1) Mathematics provides a strong foundation of mathematical knowledge both for
candidates studying mathematics at a higher level and those who will require mathematics to support skills in
other subjects.
The course is tiered to allow all candidates to achieve and progress in their mathematical studies.
Our approach in Cambridge IGCSE (9–1) Mathematics encourages learners to be:
confident, in using mathematical language and techniques to ask questions, explore ideas and communicate
responsible, by taking ownership of their learning, and applying their mathematical knowledge and skills so
that they can reason, problem solve and work collaboratively
reflective, by making connections within mathematics and across other subjects, and in evaluating methods
and checking solutions
innovative, by applying their knowledge and understanding to solve unfamiliar problems creatively, flexibly and
efficiently
engaged, by the beauty, patterns and structure of mathematics, becoming curious to learn about its many
applications in society and the economy.
School feedback: ‘The strength of Cambridge IGCSE qualifications is internationally

recognised and has provided an international pathway for our students to continue their studies
around the world.’
Feedback from: Gary Tan, Head of Schools and CEO, Raffles International Group of Schools, Indonesia
Back to contents page www.cambridgeinternational.org/igcse 4

Cambridge IGCSE (9–1) Mathematics 0980 syllabus for 2025, 2026 and 2027. Why choose this syllabus?
International recognition and acceptance

Our expertise in curriculum, teaching and learning, and assessment is the basis for the recognition of our
programmes and qualifications around the world. The combination of knowledge and skills in Cambridge
IGCSE (9–1) Mathematics gives learners a solid foundation for further study. Candidates who achieve grades
9 to 4 are well prepared to follow a wide range of courses including Cambridge International AS & A Level
Mathematics.
Cambridge IGCSEs are accepted and valued by leading universities and employers around the world as
evidence of academic achievement. Many universities require a combination of Cambridge International AS & A
Levels and Cambridge IGCSEs or equivalent to meet their entry requirements.
UK NARIC*, the national agency in the UK for the recognition and comparison of international qualifications and
skills, has carried out an independent benchmarking study of Cambridge IGCSE and found it to be comparable
to the standard of the GCSE in the UK. This means students can be confident that their Cambridge IGCSE
qualifications are accepted as equivalent to UK GCSEs by leading universities worldwide.
* Due to the United Kingdom leaving the European Union, the UK NARIC national recognition agency function was re-titled as UK ENIC
on 1 March 2021, operated and managed by Ecctis Limited. From 1 March 2021, international benchmarking findings are published
under the Ecctis name.
Learn more at www.cambridgeinternational.org/recognition
School feedback: ‘Cambridge IGCSE is one of the most sought-after and recognised
qualifications in the world. It is very popular in Egypt because it provides the perfect
preparation for success at advanced level programmes.’
Feedback from: Managing Director of British School of Egypt BSE

Cambridge IGCSE (9–1) Mathematics 0980 syllabus for 2025, 2026 and 2027. Why choose this syllabus?
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2 Syllabus overview
Aims
The aims describe the purposes of a course based on this syllabus.
The aims are to enable students to:

• develop a positive attitude towards mathematics in a way that encourages enjoyment, establishes
confidence and promotes enquiry and further learning
• develop a feel for number and understand the significance of the results obtained
• apply their mathematical knowledge and skills to their own lives and the world around them
• use creativity and resilience to analyse and solve problems
• communicate mathematics clearly
• develop the ability to reason logically, make inferences and draw conclusions
• develop fluency so that they can appreciate the interdependence of, and connections between, different
areas of mathematics
• acquire a foundation for further study in mathematics and other subjects.
Cambridge Assessment International Education is an education organisation and politically

neutral. The contents of this syllabus, examination papers and associated materials do not endorse
any political view. We endeavour to treat all aspects of the exam process neutrally.

Cambridge IGCSE (9–1) Mathematics 0980 syllabus for 2025, 2026 and 2027. Syllabus overview
Content overview
All candidates study the following topics:
1 Number
2 Algebra and graphs
3 Coordinate geometry
4 Geometry
5 Mensuration
6 Trigonometry
7 Transformations and vectors
8 Probability
9 Statistics
Cambridge IGCSE (9–1) Mathematics is tiered to enable effective differentiation for learners. The Core subject
content is intended for learners targeting grades 4 to 1, and the Extended subject content is intended for
learners targeting grades 9 to 5. The Extended subject content contains the Core subject content as well as
additional content.
The subject content is organised by topic and is not presented in a teaching order. This content structure and
the use of tiering allows flexibility for teachers to plan delivery in a way that is appropriate for their learners.
Learners are expected to use techniques listed in the content and apply them to solve problems with or without
the use of a calculator, as appropriate.

Assessment overview
All candidates take two components.
Candidates who have studied the Core subject content, or who are expected to achieve a grade 4 or below,
should be entered for Paper 1 and Paper 3. These candidates will be eligible for grades 5 to 1, where 5 is the
highest grade.
Candidates who have studied the Extended subject content, and who are expected to achieve a grade 5 or
above, should be entered for Paper 2 and Paper 4. These candidates will be eligible for grades 9 to 3, where 9
is the highest grade.
Candidates should have a scientific calculator for Paper 3 and Paper 4. Calculators are not allowed for Paper 1
and Paper 2.
Please see the Cambridge Handbook at www.cambridgeinternational.org/eoguide for guidance on use of

calculators in the examinations.
Core assessment
Core candidates take Paper 1 and Paper 3. The questions are based on the Core subject content only:
Paper 1: Non-calculator (Core) Paper 3: Calculator (Core)
1 hour 30 minutes 1 hour 30 minutes

80 marks 50% 80 marks 50%
Structured and unstructured questions Structured and unstructured questions
Use of a calculator is not allowed A scientific calculator is required
Externally assessed Externally assessed
Extended assessment
Extended candidates take Paper 2 and Paper 4. The questions are based on the Extended subject content
only:
Paper 2: Non-calculator (Extended) Paper 4: Calculator (Extended)
2 hours 2 hours
100 marks 50% 100 marks 50%
Structured and unstructured questions Structured and unstructured questions
Use of a calculator is not allowed A scientific calculator is required
Externally assessed Externally assessed
Information on availability is in the Before you start section.

Assessment objectives
The assessment objectives (AOs) are:
AO1 Knowledge and understanding of mathematical techniques

Candidates should be able to:
• recall and apply mathematical knowledge and techniques
• carry out routine procedures in mathematical and everyday situations
• understand and use mathematical notation and terminology
• perform calculations with and without a calculator
• organise, process, present and understand information in written form, tables, graphs and diagrams
• estimate, approximate and work to degrees of accuracy appropriate to the context and convert between
equivalent numerical forms
• understand and use measurement systems in everyday use
• measure and draw using geometrical instruments to an appropriate degree of accuracy
• recognise and use spatial relationships in two and three dimensions.
AO2 Analyse, interpret and communicate mathematically

Candidates should be able to:
• analyse a problem and identify a suitable strategy to solve it, including using a combination of processes
where appropriate
• make connections between different areas of mathematics
• recognise patterns in a variety of situations and make and justify generalisations
• make logical inferences and draw conclusions from mathematical data or results
• communicate methods and results in a clear and logical form
• interpret information in different forms and change from one form of representation to another.

Weighting for assessment objectives

The approximate weightings allocated to each of the assessment objectives (AOs) are summarised below.
Assessment objectives as a percentage of the Core qualification

Assessment objective Weighting in IGCSE %
AO1 Knowledge and understanding of mathematical techniques 60–70
AO2 Analyse, interpret and communicate mathematically 30–40
Total 100
Assessment objectives as a percentage of the Extended qualification

Assessment objective Weighting in IGCSE %
AO1 Knowledge and understanding of mathematical techniques 40–50
AO2 Analyse, interpret and communicate mathematically 50–60
Total 100
Assessment objectives as a percentage of each component

Assessment objective Weighting in components %
Paper 1 Paper 2 Paper 3 Paper 4
AO1 Knowledge and understanding of mathematical 60–70 40–50 60–70 40–50

techniques
AO2 Analyse, interpret and communicate mathematically 30–40 50–60 30–40 50–60
Total 100 100 100 100

3 Subject content
This syllabus gives you the flexibility to design a course that will interest, challenge and engage your learners.
Where appropriate you are responsible for selecting resources and examples to support your learners’
study. These should be appropriate for the learners’ age, cultural background and learning context as well as
complying with your school policies and local legal requirements.
Learners should pursue an integrated course that allows them to fully develop their skills and understanding
both with and without the use of a calculator.
Candidates study either the Core subject content or the Extended subject content. Candidates aiming for
grades 9 to 4 should study the Extended subject content.
A List of formulas is provided on page 2 of the examination papers for candidates to refer to during the
examinations. Please note that not all required formulas are given; the ‘Notes and examples’ column of the
subject content will indicate where a formula is given in the examination papers and when a formula is not
given, i.e. knowledge of a formula is required.
Core subject content

1 Number
C1.1 Types of number Notes and examples
Identify and use: Example tasks include:

• natural numbers • convert between numbers and words, e.g.
• integers (positive, zero and negative) six billion is 6 000 000 000
10 007 is ten thousand and seven
• prime numbers
• express 72 as a product of its prime factors
• square numbers
• find the highest common factor (HCF) of two
• cube numbers
numbers
• common factors
• find the lowest common multiple (LCM) of two
• common multiples numbers.
• rational and irrational numbers
• reciprocals.

Cambridge IGCSE (9–1) Mathematics 0980 syllabus for 2025, 2026 and 2027. Subject content
1 Number (continued)
C1.2 Sets Notes and examples
Understand and use set language, notation and Venn diagrams are limited to two sets.
Venn diagrams to describe sets. The following set notation will be used:
• n(A) Number of elements in set A
• A′ Complement of set A
• Universal set
• A∪B Union of A and B
• A∩B Intersection of A and B.
Example definition of sets:

A = {x: x is a natural number}
B = {a, b, c, …}
C = {x: a ⩽ x ⩽ b}.
C1.3 Powers and roots Notes and examples
Calculate with the following: Includes recall of squares and their corresponding
• squares roots from 1 to 15, and recall of cubes and their
corresponding roots of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 10, e.g.:
• square roots
• Write down the value of 169 .
• cubes 3
• 2
Work out 5 # 8 .
• cube roots
• other powers and roots of numbers.
C1.4 Fractions, decimals and percentages Notes and examples
1 Use the language and notation of the following in Candidates are expected to be able to write
appropriate contexts: fractions in their simplest form.
• proper fractions Candidates are not expected to use recurring
• improper fractions decimal notation.
• mixed numbers
• decimals
• percentages.
2 Recognise equivalence and convert between Candidates are not expected to demonstrate the
these forms. conversion of a recurring decimal to a fraction and
vice versa.
C1.5 Ordering Notes and examples
Order quantities by magnitude and demonstrate

familiarity with the symbols =, ≠, >, < , ⩾ and ⩽ .

C1.6 The four operations Notes and examples
Use the four operations for calculations with Includes:

integers, fractions and decimals, including correct • negative numbers
ordering of operations and use of brackets.
• improper fractions
• mixed numbers
• practical situations, e.g. temperature changes.
C1.7 Indices I Notes and examples
1 Understand and use indices (positive, zero and e.g. find the value of 7 –2.
negative integers).
2 Understand and use the rules of indices. e.g. find the value of 2–3 × 24, (23)2, 23 ÷ 24.
C1.8 Standard form Notes and examples
1 Use the standard form A × 10n where n is a

positive or negative integer and 1 ⩽ A < 10.
2 Convert numbers into and out of standard form.
3 Calculate with values in standard form. Core candidates are expected to calculate with
standard form only on Paper 3.
C1.9 Estimation Notes and examples
1 Round values to a specified degree of accuracy. Includes decimal places and significant figures.
2 Make estimates for calculations involving e.g. write 5764 correct to the nearest thousand.
numbers, quantities and measurements.
e.g. by writing each number correct to 1 significant
41.3
3 Round answers to a reasonable degree of figure, estimate the value of .
9.79 # 0.765
accuracy in the context of a given problem.
C1.10 Limits of accuracy Notes and examples
Give upper and lower bounds for data rounded to a e.g. write down the upper bound of a length
specified accuracy. measured correct to the nearest metre.
Candidates are not expected to find the bounds
of the results of calculations which have used data
rounded to a specified accuracy.

C1.11 Ratio and proportion Notes and examples
Understand and use ratio and proportion to:

• give ratios in their simplest form e.g. 20 : 30 : 40 in its simplest form is 2 : 3 : 4.
• divide a quantity in a given ratio
• use proportional reasoning and ratios in e.g. adapt recipes; use map scales; determine best
context. value.
C1.12 Rates Notes and examples
1 Use common measures of rate. e.g. calculate with:

• hourly rates of pay
• exchange rates between currencies
• flow rates
• fuel consumption.
2 Apply other measures of rate. e.g. calculate with:
• pressure
• density
• population density.
Required formulas will be given in the question.
3 Solve problems involving average speed. Knowledge of speed/distance/time formula is
required.
e.g. A cyclist travels 45 km in 3 hours 45 minutes.
What is their average speed?
Notation used will be, e.g. m/s (metres per second),
g/cm3 (grams per cubic centimetre).
C1.13 Percentages Notes and examples
1 Calculate a given percentage of a quantity.

2 Express one quantity as a percentage of another.
3 Calculate percentage increase or decrease.
4 Calculate with simple and compound interest. Formulas are not given.
Percentage calculations may include:
• deposit
• discount
• profit and loss (as an amount or a percentage)
• earnings
• percentages over 100%.

C1.14 Using a calculator Notes and examples
1 Use a calculator efficiently. e.g. know not to round values within a calculation
and to only round the final answer.
2 Enter values appropriately on a calculator. e.g. enter 2 hours 30 minutes as 2.5 hours or
2° 30’ 0’’.
3 Interpret the calculator display appropriately. e.g. in money 4.8 means $4.80; in time 3.25 means
3 hours 15 minutes.
C1.15 Time Notes and examples
1 Calculate with time: seconds (s), minutes (min), 1 year = 365 days.
hours (h), days, weeks, months, years, including
the relationship between units.
2 Calculate times in terms of the 24-hour and In the 24-hour clock, for example, 3.15 a.m. will be
12-hour clock. denoted by 03 15 and 3.15 p.m. by 15 15.
3 Read clocks and timetables. Includes problems involving time zones, local times
and time differences.
C1.16 Money Notes and examples
1 Calculate with money.

2 Convert from one currency to another.
C1.17 Extended content only.


C2.1 Introduction to algebra Notes and examples
1 Know that letters can be used to represent

generalised numbers.
2 Substitute numbers into expressions and
formulas.
C2.2 Algebraic manipulation Notes and examples
1 Simplify expressions by collecting like terms. Simplify means give the answer in its simplest form,
e.g. 2a + 3b + 5a – 9b = 7a – 6b.
2 Expand products of algebraic expressions. e.g. expand 3x(2x – 4y).
Includes products of two brackets involving one
variable, e.g. expand (2x + 1)(x – 4).
3 Factorise by extracting common factors. Factorise means factorise fully,
e.g. 9x2 + 15xy = 3x(3x + 5y).
C2.4 Indices II Notes and examples
1 Understand and use indices (positive, zero and e.g. 2x = 32. Find the value of x.
negative).
2 Understand and use the rules of indices. e.g. simplify:
• (5x 3) 2
• 12a 5 ÷ 3a –2
• 6x 7y 4 × 5x –5y.
Knowledge of logarithms is not required.
C2.5 Equations Notes and examples
1 Construct simple expressions, equations and e.g. write an expression for a number that is 2 more
formulas. than n.
Includes constructing linear simultaneous
equations.
2 Solve linear equations in one unknown. Examples include:
3 Solve simultaneous linear equations in two • 3x + 4 = 10
unknowns. • 5 – 2x = 3(x + 7).
4 Change the subject of simple formulas. e.g. change the subject of formulas where:
• the subject only appears once
• there is not a power or root of the subject.

2 Algebra and graphs (continued)

C2.6 Inequalities Notes and examples
Represent and interpret inequalities, including on a When representing and interpreting inequalities on
number line. a number line:
• open circles should be used to represent strict
inequalities (<, >)
• closed circles should be used to represent
inclusive inequalities (⩽, ⩾)
e.g. – 3 ⩽ x < 1
x
–3 –2 –1 0 1
C2.7 Sequences Notes and examples
1 Continue a given number sequence or pattern. e.g. write the next two terms in this sequence:
1, 3, 6, 10, 15, … , …
2 Recognise patterns in sequences, including the
term-to-term rule, and relationships between
different sequences.
3 Find and use the nth term of the following
sequences:
(a) linear
(b) simple quadratic e.g. find the nth term of 2, 5, 10, 17
(c) simple cubic.
C2.9 Graphs in practical situations Notes and examples
1 Use and interpret graphs in practical situations e.g. interpret the gradient of a straight-line graph as
including travel graphs and conversion graphs. a rate of change.
2 Draw graphs from given data. e.g. draw a distance–time graph to represent a
journey.


C2.10 Graphs of functions Notes and examples
1 Construct tables of values, and draw, recognise

and interpret graphs for functions of the following
forms:
• ax + b
• ± x2 + ax + b
a
•
x (x ≠ 0)
where a and b are integer constants.
2 Solve associated equations graphically, including e.g. find the intersection of a line and a curve.
finding and interpreting roots by graphical
methods.
C2.11 Sketching curves Notes and examples
Recognise, sketch and interpret graphs of the

following functions:
(a) linear
(b) quadratic. Knowledge of symmetry and roots is required.
Knowledge of turning points is not required.

C3.1 Coordinates Notes and examples
Use and interpret Cartesian coordinates in

two dimensions.
C3.2 Drawing linear graphs Notes and examples
Draw straight-line graphs for linear equations. Equations will be given in the form y = mx + c
(e.g. y = –2x + 5), unless a table of values is given.
C3.3 Gradient of linear graphs Notes and examples
Find the gradient of a straight line. From a grid only.
C3.5 Equations of linear graphs Notes and examples
Interpret and obtain the equation of a straight-line Questions may:

graph in the form y = mx + c.
• use and request lines in the forms
y = mx + c
x=k
• involve finding the equation when the graph is
given
• ask for the gradient or y-intercept of a graph
from an equation, e.g. find the gradient and
y-intercept of the graph with the equation
y = 6x + 3.
Candidates are expected to give equations of a line

in a fully simplified form.
C3.6 Parallel lines Notes and examples
Find the gradient and equation of a straight line e.g. find the equation of the line parallel to
parallel to a given line. y = 4x – 1 that passes through (1, –3).

4 Geometry
C4.1 Geometrical terms Notes and examples
1 Use and interpret the following geometrical Candidates are not expected to show that two
terms: shapes are congruent.
• point
• vertex
• line
• parallel
• perpendicular
• bearing
• right angle
• acute, obtuse and reflex angles
• interior and exterior angles
• similar
• congruent
• scale factor.
2 Use and interpret the vocabulary of: Includes the following terms:
• triangles Triangles:
• special quadrilaterals • equilateral
• polygons • isosceles
• nets • scalene
• simple solids. • right-angled.
Quadrilaterals:
• square
• rectangle
• kite
• rhombus
• parallelogram
• trapezium.
Polygons:
• regular and irregular polygons
• pentagon
• hexagon
• octagon
• decagon.
continued

4 Geometry (continued)
C4.1 Geometrical terms (continued) Notes and examples
Simple solids:
• cube
• cuboid
• prism
• cylinder
• pyramid
• cone
• sphere (term ‘hemisphere’ not required)
• face
• surface
• edge.
3 Use and interpret the vocabulary of a circle. Includes the following terms:
• centre
• radius (plural radii)
• diameter
• circumference
• semicircle
• chord
• tangent
• arc
• sector
• segment.
C4.2 Geometrical constructions Notes and examples
1 Measure and draw lines and angles. A ruler should be used for all straight edges.
Constructions of perpendicular bisectors and angle
bisectors are not required.
2 Construct a triangle, given the lengths of all e.g. construct a rhombus by drawing two triangles.
sides, using a ruler and pair of compasses only. Construction arcs must be shown.
3 Draw, use and interpret nets. Examples include:
• draw nets of cubes, cuboids, prisms and
pyramids
• use measurements from nets to calculate
volumes and surface areas.

C4.3 Scale drawings Notes and examples
1 Draw and interpret scale drawings. A ruler must be used for all straight edges.
2 Use and interpret three-figure bearings. Bearings are measured clockwise from north
(000° to 360°).
e.g. find the bearing of A from B if the bearing of B
from A is 025°.
Includes an understanding of the terms north, east,
south and west.
e.g. point D is due east of point C.
C4.4 Similarity Notes and examples
Calculate lengths of similar shapes.
C4.5 Symmetry Notes and examples
Recognise line symmetry and order of rotational Includes properties of triangles, quadrilaterals and
symmetry in two dimensions. polygons directly related to their symmetries.
C4.6 Angles Notes and examples
1 Calculate unknown angles and give simple Knowledge of three-letter notation for angles is
explanations using the following geometrical required, e.g. angle ABC. Candidates are expected
properties: to use the correct geometrical terminology when
• sum of angles at a point = 360° giving reasons for answers.
• sum of angles at a point on a straight line = 180°
• vertically opposite angles are equal
• angle sum of a triangle = 180° and angle sum
of a quadrilateral = 360°.
2 Calculate unknown angles and give geometric
explanations for angles formed within parallel lines:
• corresponding angles are equal
• alternate angles are equal
• co-interior angles sum to 180° (supplementary).
3 Know and use angle properties of regular Includes exterior and interior angles, and angle
polygons. sum.

C4.7 Circle theorems Notes and examples
Calculate unknown angles and give explanations Candidates will be expected to use the geometrical
using the following geometrical properties of circles: properties listed in the syllabus when giving
• angle in a semicircle = 90° reasons for answers.
• angle between tangent and radius = 90°.

5 Mensuration
C5.1 Units of measure Notes and examples
Use metric units of mass, length, area, volume Units include:

and capacity in practical situations and convert • mm, cm, m, km
quantities into larger or smaller units.
• mm2, cm2, m2, km2
• mm3, cm3, m3
• ml, l
• g, kg.
Conversion between units includes:
• between different units of area, e.g. cm2 ↔ m2
• between units of volume and capacity,
e.g. m3 ↔ litres.
C5.2 Area and perimeter Notes and examples
Carry out calculations involving the perimeter and Except for area of a triangle, formulas are not
area of a rectangle, triangle, parallelogram and given.
trapezium.
C5.3 Circles, arcs and sectors Notes and examples
1 Carry out calculations involving the Answers may be asked for in terms of π.
circumference and area of a circle. Formulas are given in the List of formulas.
2 Carry out calculations involving arc length and
sector area as fractions of the circumference and
area of a circle, where the sector angle is a factor
of 360°.
C5.4 Surface area and volume Notes and examples
Carry out calculations and solve problems involving Answers may be asked for in terms of π.
the surface area and volume of a: The following formulas are given in the List of
• cuboid formulas:
• prism • curved surface area of a cylinder
• cylinder • curved surface area of a cone
• sphere • surface area of a sphere
• pyramid • volume of a prism
• cone. • volume of a pyramid
• volume of a cylinder
• volume of a cone
• volume of a sphere.
The term prism refers to any solid with a uniform

cross-section, e.g. a cylindrical sector.

5 Mensuration (continued)
C5.5 Compound shapes and parts of shapes Notes and examples
1 Carry out calculations and solve problems Answers may be asked for in terms of π.
involving perimeters and areas of:
• compound shapes
• parts of shapes.
2 Carry out calculations and solve problems
involving surface areas and volumes of:
• compound solids
• parts of solids. e.g. find the volume of half of a sphere.

6 Trigonometry
C6.1 Pythagoras’ theorem Notes and examples
Know and use Pythagoras’ theorem.
C6.2 Right-angled triangles
1 Know and use the sine, cosine and tangent Angles will be given in degrees and answers should
ratios for acute angles in calculations involving be written in degrees, with decimals correct to one
sides and angles of a right-angled triangle. decimal place.
2 Solve problems in two dimensions using Knowledge of bearings may be required.
Pythagoras’ theorem and trigonometry.


C7.1 Transformations Notes and examples
Recognise, describe and draw the following Questions will not involve combinations of
transformations: transformations. A ruler must be used for all straight
1 Reflection of a shape in a vertical or horizontal edges.
line.
2 Rotation of a shape about the origin, vertices
or midpoints of edges of the shape, through
multiples of 90°.
3 Enlargement of a shape from a centre by a scale Positive and fractional scale factors only.
factor.
JN
x
4 Translation of a shape by a vector KK OO .
y
LP

8 Probability
C8.1 Introduction to probability Notes and examples
1 Understand and use the probability scale from Probability notation is not required.
0 to 1. Probabilities should be given as a fraction, decimal
or percentage. Problems may require using
information from tables, graphs or Venn diagrams
(limited to two sets).
2 Calculate the probability of a single event.
3 Understand that the probability of an event e.g. The probability that a counter is blue is 0.8.
not occurring = 1 – the probability of the event What is the probability that it is not blue?
occurring.
C8.2 Relative and expected frequencies Notes and examples
1 Understand relative frequency as an estimate of e.g. use results of experiments with a spinner to
probability. estimate the probability of a given outcome.
2 Calculate expected frequencies. e.g. use probability to estimate an expected value
from a population.
Includes understanding what is meant by fair, bias
and random.
C8.3 Probability of combined events Notes and examples
Calculate the probability of combined events using, Combined events will only be with replacement.
where appropriate:
• sample space diagrams
• Venn diagrams Venn diagrams will be limited to two sets.
• tree diagrams. In tree diagrams, outcomes will be written at the
end of the branches and probabilities by the side of
the branches.

9 Statistics
C9.1 Classifying statistical data Notes and examples
Classify and tabulate statistical data. e.g. tally tables, two-way tables.
C9.2 Interpreting statistical data Notes and examples
1 Read, interpret and draw inferences from tables

and statistical diagrams.
2 Compare sets of data using tables, graphs and e.g. compare averages and ranges between two
statistical measures. data sets.
3 Appreciate restrictions on drawing conclusions
from given data.
C9.3 Averages and range Notes and examples
Calculate the mean, median, mode and range Data may be in a list or frequency table, but will not
for individual data and distinguish between the be grouped.
purposes for which these are used.
C9.4 Statistical charts and diagrams Notes and examples
Draw and interpret:

(a) bar charts Includes composite (stacked) and dual (side-by-
(b) pie charts side) bar charts.
(c) pictograms
(d) stem-and-leaf diagrams Stem-and-leaf diagrams should have ordered data
with a key.
(e) simple frequency distributions.

9 Statistics (continued)
C9.5 Scatter diagrams Notes and examples
1 Draw and interpret scatter diagrams. Plotted points should be clearly marked, for
example as small crosses (×).
2 Understand what is meant by positive, negative
and zero correlation.
3 Draw by eye, interpret and use a straight line of A line of best fit:
best fit.
• should be a single ruled line drawn by
inspection
• should extend across the full data set
• does not need to coincide exactly with any of
the points but there should be a roughly even
distribution of points either side of the line over
its entire length.

Extended subject content

1 Number
E1.1 Types of number Notes and examples
Identify and use: Example tasks include:

• natural numbers • convert between numbers and words, e.g.
• integers (positive, zero and negative) six billion is 6 000 000 000
10 007 is ten thousand and seven
• prime numbers
• express 72 as a product of its prime factors
• square numbers
• find the highest common factor (HCF) of two
• cube numbers
numbers
• common factors
• find the lowest common multiple (LCM) of two
• common multiples numbers.
• rational and irrational numbers
• reciprocals.
E1.2 Sets Notes and examples
Understand and use set language, notation and Venn diagrams are limited to two or three sets.
Venn diagrams to describe sets and represent The following set notation will be used:
relationships between sets.
• n(A) Number of elements in set A
• ∈ “… is an element of …”
• ∉ “… is not an element of …”
• A′ Complement of set A
• ∅ The empty set
• Universal set
• A⊆B A is a subset of B
• A⊈B A is not a subset of B
• A∪B Union of A and B
• A∩B Intersection of A and B.
Example definition of sets:

A = {x: x is a natural number}
B = {(x, y): y = mx + c}
C = {x: a ⩽ x ⩽ b}
D = {a, b, c, …}.
E1.3 Powers and roots Notes and examples
Calculate with the following: Includes recall of squares and their corresponding
• squares roots from 1 to 15, and recall of cubes and their
corresponding roots of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 10, e.g.:
• square roots
• Write down the value of 169 .
• cubes 3
• 2
Work out 5 # 8 .
• cube roots
• other powers and roots of numbers.

E1.4 Fractions, decimals and percentages Notes and examples
1 Use the language and notation of the following in Candidates are expected to be able to write
appropriate contexts: fractions in their simplest form.
• proper fractions Recurring decimal notation is required, e.g.
• improper fractions • 0.17o = 0.1777f
• mixed numbers o o = 0.1232323f
0.123
• decimals • 0. 123 = 0.123123f
• percentages.
2 Recognise equivalence and convert between Includes converting between recurring decimals
these forms. and fractions and vice versa,
e.g. write 0.17o as a fraction.
E1.5 Ordering Notes and examples
Order quantities by magnitude and demonstrate

familiarity with the symbols =, ≠, >, < , ⩾ and ⩽.
E1.6 The four operations Notes and examples
Use the four operations for calculations with Includes:

integers, fractions and decimals, including correct
• negative numbers
ordering of operations and use of brackets.
• improper fractions
• mixed numbers
• practical situations, e.g. temperature changes.
E1.7 Indices I Notes and examples
1 Understand and use indices (positive, zero, Examples include:

negative, and fractional). 1
• 62 = 6
1
4
• 16 4 = 16
find the value of 7 –2, 81 2 , 8
1
- 32
• .
2 Understand and use the rules of indices. e.g. find the value of 2–3 × 24, (23)2, 23 ÷ 24.
E1.8 Standard form Notes and examples
1 Use the standard form A × 10n where n is a

positive or negative integer and 1 ⩽ A < 10.
2 Convert numbers into and out of standard form.
3 Calculate with values in standard form.

E1.9 Estimation Notes and examples
1 Round values to a specified degree of accuracy. Includes decimal places and significant figures.
2 Make estimates for calculations involving e.g. write 5764 correct to the nearest thousand.
numbers, quantities and measurements. e.g. by writing each number correct to 1 significant
figure, estimate the value of
41.3
.
3 Round answers to a reasonable degree of 9.79 # 0.765
accuracy in the context of a given problem.
E1.10 Limits of accuracy Notes and examples
1 Give upper and lower bounds for data rounded e.g. write down the upper bound of a length
to a specified accuracy. measured correct to the nearest metre.
2 Find upper and lower bounds of the results of Example calculations include:
calculations which have used data rounded to a • calculate the upper bound of the perimeter
specified accuracy. or the area of a rectangle given dimensions
measured to the nearest centimetre
• find the lower bound of the speed given
rounded values of distance and time.
E1.11 Ratio and proportion Notes and examples
Understand and use ratio and proportion to:

• give ratios in their simplest form e.g. 20 : 30 : 40 in its simplest form is 2 : 3 : 4.
• divide a quantity in a given ratio
• use proportional reasoning and ratios in e.g. adapt recipes; use map scales; determine best
context. value.

E1.12 Rates Notes and examples
1 Use common measures of rate. e.g. calculate with:

• hourly rates of pay
• exchange rates between currencies
• flow rates
• fuel consumption.
2 Apply other measures of rate. e.g. calculate with:
• pressure
• density
• population density.
Required formulas will be given in the question.
3 Solve problems involving average speed. Knowledge of speed/distance/time formula is
required.
e.g. A cyclist travels 45 km in 3 hours 45 minutes.
What is their average speed?
Notation used will be, e.g. m/s (metres per second),
g/cm3 (grams per cubic centimetre).
E1.13 Percentages Notes and examples
1 Calculate a given percentage of a quantity.

2 Express one quantity as a percentage of another.
3 Calculate percentage increase or decrease.
4 Calculate with simple and compound interest. Problems may include repeated percentage
change.
Formulas are not given.
5 Calculate using reverse percentages. e.g. find the cost price given the selling price and
the percentage profit.
Percentage calculations may include:
• deposit
• discount
• profit and loss (as an amount or a percentage)
• earnings
• percentages over 100%.
E1.14 Using a calculator Notes and examples
1 Use a calculator efficiently. e.g. know not to round values within a calculation
and to only round the final answer.
2 Enter values appropriately on a calculator. e.g. enter 2 hours 30 minutes as 2.5 hours or
2° 30’ 0’’.
3 Interpret the calculator display appropriately. e.g. in money 4.8 means $4.80; in time 3.25 means
3 hours 15 minutes.

E1.15 Time Notes and examples
1 Calculate with time: seconds (s), minutes (min), 1 year = 365 days.
hours (h), days, weeks, months, years, including
the relationship between units.
2 Calculate times in terms of the 24-hour and In the 24-hour clock, for example, 3.15 a.m. will be
12-hour clock. denoted by 03 15 and 3.15 p.m. by 15 15.
3 Read clocks and timetables. Includes problems involving time zones, local times
and time differences.
E1.16 Money Notes and examples
1 Calculate with money.

2 Convert from one currency to another.
E1.17 Exponential growth and decay Notes and examples
Use exponential growth and decay. e.g. depreciation, population change.

Knowledge of e is not required.
E1.18 Surds Notes and examples
1 Understand and use surds, including simplifying Examples include:

expressions.
• 20 = 2 5
200 − 32 = 6 2 .
2 Rationalise the denominator. Examples include:
10
• =2 5
5
1 1+ 3
= .
−1 + 3 2


E2.1 Introduction to algebra Notes and examples
1 Know that letters can be used to represent

generalised numbers.
2 Substitute numbers into expressions and
formulas.
E2.2 Algebraic manipulation Notes and examples
1 Simplify expressions by collecting like terms. Simplify means give the answer in its simplest form,
e.g. 2a2 + 3ab – 1 + 5a2 – 9ab + 4 = 7a2 – 6ab + 3.
2 Expand products of algebraic expressions. e.g. expand 3x(2x – 4y), (3x + y)(x – 4y).
Includes products of more than two brackets,
e.g. expand (x – 2)(x + 3)(2x + 1).
3 Factorise by extracting common factors. Factorise means factorise fully,
e.g. 9x2 + 15xy = 3x(3x + 5y).
4 Factorise expressions of the form:
• ax + bx + kay + kby
• a2 x2 − b2y2
• a2 + 2ab + b2
• ax2 + bx + c
• ax3 + bx2 + cx.
5 Complete the square for expressions in the form
ax2 + bx + c.
E2.3 Algebraic fractions Notes and examples
1 Manipulate algebraic fractions. Examples include:

• x +x–4
3 2
• 2x – 3(x –5)
3 2
• 3a × 9a
4 10
• 3a ÷ 9a
4 10
• 1 +x+1.
x–2 x–3
e.g.
x2 – 2x .
2 Factorise and simplify rational expressions.
x2 – 5x + 6


E2.4 Indices II Notes and examples
1 Understand and use indices (positive, zero, e.g. solve:

negative and fractional). • 32x = 2
• 5x + 1 = 25x.
2 Understand and use the rules of indices. e.g. simplify:
− 2 1
• 3x 4 # 3 x 2
2 12 ' − 2
5 x 2x
J 5N3
2x
• KK OO .
L3P
Knowledge of logarithms is not required.
E2.5 Equations Notes and examples
1 Construct expressions, equations and formulas. e.g. write an expression for the product of two
consecutive even numbers.
Includes constructing simultaneous equations.
2 Solve linear equations in one unknown. Examples include:
• 3x + 4 = 10
• 5 – 2x = 3(x + 7).
3 Solve fractional equations with numerical and Examples include:
linear algebraic denominators.
• x =4
2x + 1
•
2 + 3 =1
x + 2 2x – 1
•
x = 3 .
x+2 x–6
4 Solve simultaneous linear equations in two
unknowns.
5 Solve simultaneous equations, involving one With powers no higher than two.
linear and one non-linear.
6 Solve quadratic equations by factorisation, Includes writing a quadratic expression in
completing the square and by use of the completed square form.
quadratic formula. Candidates may be expected to give solutions in
surd form.
The quadratic formula is given in the List of
formulas.
7 Change the subject of formulas. e.g. change the subject of a formula where:
• the subject appears twice
• there is a power or root of the subject.


E2.6 Inequalities Notes and examples
1 Represent and interpret inequalities, including on When representing and interpreting inequalities on
a number line. a number line:
• open circles should be used to represent strict
inequalities (<, >)
• closed circles should be used to represent
inclusive inequalities (⩽, ⩾).
e.g. – 3 ⩽ x < 1
x
–3 –2 –1 0 1
2 Construct, solve and interpret linear inequalities. Examples include:

• 3x < 2x + 4
• –3 ⩽ 3x – 2 < 7 .
3 Represent and interpret linear inequalities in two The following conventions should be used:
variables graphically. • broken lines should be used to represent strict
inequalities (<, >)
• solid lines should be used to represent inclusive
inequalities (⩽, ⩾)
• shading should be used to represent unwanted
regions (unless otherwise directed in the
question).
e.g.
y x<1 y
2 2
y⩾1
1 1
x x
0 0
1 2 1 2
4 List inequalities that define a given region. Linear programming problems are not included.
E2.7 Sequences Notes and examples
1 Continue a given number sequence or pattern. Subscript notation may be used, e.g. Tn is the nth
term of sequence T.
2 Recognise patterns in sequences, including the Includes linear, quadratic, cubic and exponential
term-to-term rule, and relationships between sequences and simple combinations of these.
different sequences.
3 Find and use the nth term of sequences.


E2.8 Proportion Notes and examples
Express direct and inverse proportion in algebraic Includes linear, square, square root, cube and cube
terms and use this form of expression to find root proportion.
unknown quantities. Knowledge of proportional symbol (∝) is required.
E2.9 Graphs in practical situations Notes and examples
1 Use and interpret graphs in practical situations Includes estimation and interpretation of the
including travel graphs and conversion graphs. gradient of a tangent at a point.
2 Draw graphs from given data.
3 Apply the idea of rate of change to simple
kinematics involving distance–time and
speed–time graphs, acceleration and
deceleration.
4 Calculate distance travelled as area under a Areas will involve linear sections of the graph only.
speed–time graph.
E2.10 Graphs of functions Notes and examples
1 Construct tables of values, and draw, recognise Examples include:

and interpret graphs for functions of the following • y = x3 + x – 4
forms: 3
• y = 2x + 2
• axn (includes sums of no more than three of x
these)
y= × 2x.
1
•
• abx + c 4
where n = –2, –1, − 2 , 0, 2 , 1, 2, 3; a and c are

1 1

rational numbers; and b is a positive integer.
2 Solve associated equations graphically, including e.g. finding the intersection of a line and a curve.
finding and interpreting roots by graphical
methods.
3 Draw and interpret graphs representing
exponential growth and decay problems.


E2.11 Sketching curves Notes and examples
Recognise, sketch and interpret graphs of the Functions will be equivalent to:
following functions: • ax + by = c
(a) linear • y = ax2 + bx + c
(b) quadratic • y = ax3 + b
(c) cubic • y = ax3 + bx2 + cx
(d) reciprocal
• y = +b
a
(e) exponential. x
y = arx + b
where a, b and c are rational numbers and r is a
rational, positive number.
Knowledge of turning points, roots and symmetry is
required.
Knowledge of vertical and horizontal asymptotes is
required.
Finding turning points of quadratics by completing
the square is required.
E2.12 Differentiation Notes and examples
1 Estimate gradients of curves by drawing

tangents.
dy
2 Use the derivatives of functions of the form axn, notation will be expected.
dx
where a is a rational constant and n is a positive
integer or zero, and simple sums of not more
than three of these.
3 Apply differentiation to gradients and stationary
points (turning points).
4 Discriminate between maxima and minima by Maximum and minimum points may be identified by:
any method. • an accurate sketch
• use of the second differential
• inspecting the gradient either side of a turning
point.
Candidates are not expected to identify points of
inflection.


E2.13 Functions Notes and examples
1 Understand functions, domain and range and Examples include:

use function notation.
• f (x) = 3x – 5
• g(x) = 3(x + 4)
5
• h(x) = 2x2 + 3.
2 Understand and find inverse functions f –1(x).

3
3 Form composite functions as defined by e.g. f(x) = and g(x) = (3x + 5)2. Find fg(x).
x+2
gf(x) = g(f(x)). Give your answer as a fraction in its simplest form.
Candidates are not expected to find the domains

and ranges of composite functions.
This topic may include mapping diagrams.

E3.1 Coordinates Notes and examples
Use and interpret Cartesian coordinates in two

dimensions.
E3.2 Drawing linear graphs Notes and examples
Draw straight-line graphs for linear equations. Examples include:

• y = –2x + 5
• y = 7 – 4x
• 3x + 2y = 5.
E3.3 Gradient of linear graphs Notes and examples
1 Find the gradient of a straight line.

2 Calculate the gradient of a straight line from the
coordinates of two points on it.
E3.4 Length and midpoint Notes and examples
1 Calculate the length of a line segment.

2 Find the coordinates of the midpoint of a line
segment.
E3.5 Equations of linear graphs Notes and examples
Interpret and obtain the equation of a straight-line Questions may:

graph.
• use and request lines in different forms, e.g.
ax + by = c
y = mx + c
x=k
• involve finding the equation when the graph is
given
• ask for the gradient or y-intercept of a graph
from an equation, e.g. find the gradient and
y-intercept of the graph with equation
5x + 4y = 8.
Candidates are expected to give equations of a line
in a fully simplified form.

3 Coordinate geometry (continued)

E3.6 Parallel lines Notes and examples
Find the gradient and equation of a straight line e.g. find the equation of the line parallel to
parallel to a given line. y = 4x – 1 that passes through (1, –3).
E3.7 Perpendicular lines Notes and examples
Find the gradient and equation of a straight line Examples include:

perpendicular to a given line. • find the gradient of a line perpendicular to
2y = 3x + 1
• find the equation of the perpendicular bisector
of the line joining the points (–3, 8) and (9, –2).

4 Geometry
E4.1 Geometrical terms Notes and examples
1 Use and interpret the following geometrical Candidates are not expected to show that two
terms: shapes are congruent.
• point
• vertex
• line
• plane
• parallel
• perpendicular
• perpendicular bisector
• bearing
• right angle
• acute, obtuse and reflex angles
• interior and exterior angles
• similar
• congruent
• scale factor.
2 Use and interpret the vocabulary of: Includes the following terms.
• triangles Triangles:
• special quadrilaterals • equilateral
• polygons • isosceles
• nets • scalene
• solids. • right-angled.
Quadrilaterals:
• square
• rectangle
• kite
• rhombus
• parallelogram
• trapezium.
continued

E4.1 Geometrical terms (continued) Notes and examples
Polygons:
• regular and irregular polygons
• pentagon
• hexagon
• octagon
• decagon.
Solids:
• cube
• cuboid
• prism
• cylinder
• pyramid
• cone
• sphere
• hemisphere
• frustum
• face
• surface
• edge.
3 Use and interpret the vocabulary of a circle. Includes the following terms:
• centre
• radius (plural radii)
• diameter
• circumference
• semicircle
• chord
• tangent
• major and minor arc
• sector
• segment.

E4.2 Geometrical constructions Notes and examples
1 Measure and draw lines and angles. A ruler should be used for all straight edges.
Constructions of perpendicular bisectors and angle
bisectors are not required.
2 Construct a triangle, given the lengths of all e.g. construct a rhombus by drawing two triangles.
sides, using a ruler and pair of compasses only. Construction arcs must be shown.
3 Draw, use and interpret nets. Examples include:
• draw nets of cubes, cuboids, prisms and
pyramids
• use measurements from nets to calculate
volumes and surface areas.
E4.3 Scale drawings Notes and examples
1 Draw and interpret scale drawings. A ruler must be used for all straight edges.
2 Use and interpret three-figure bearings. Bearings are measured clockwise from north
(000° to 360°).
e.g. find the bearing of A from B if the bearing of B
from A is 025°.
Includes an understanding of the terms north, east,
south and west.
e.g. point D is due east of point C.
E4.4 Similarity Notes and examples
1 Calculate lengths of similar shapes.

2 Use the relationships between lengths and areas Includes use of scale factor, e.g.
Volume of A `Length of Aj
of similar shapes and lengths, surface areas and 3
volumes of similar solids. = .
Volume of B `Length of Bj3
3 Solve problems and give simple explanations Includes showing that two triangles are similar
involving similarity. using geometric reasons.
E4.5 Symmetry Notes and examples
1 Recognise line symmetry and order of rotational Includes properties of triangles, quadrilaterals and
symmetry in two dimensions. polygons directly related to their symmetries.
2 Recognise symmetry properties of prisms, e.g. identify planes and axes of symmetry.
cylinders, pyramids and cones.

E4.6 Angles Notes and examples
1 Calculate unknown angles and give simple Knowledge of 3-letter notation for angles is
explanations using the following geometrical required, e.g. angle ABC. Candidates are expected
properties: to use the correct geometrical terminology when
• sum of angles at a point = 360° giving reasons for answers.
• sum of angles at a point on a straight line = 180°
• vertically opposite angles are equal
• angle sum of a triangle = 180° and angle sum
of a quadrilateral = 360°.
2 Calculate unknown angles and give geometric
explanations for angles formed within parallel lines:
• corresponding angles are equal
• alternate angles are equal
• co-interior angles sum to 180° (supplementary).
3 Know and use angle properties of regular and Includes exterior and interior angles, and angle
irregular polygons. sum.
E4.7 Circle theorems I Notes and examples
Calculate unknown angles and give explanations Candidates are expected to use the geometrical
using the following geometrical properties of circles: properties listed in the syllabus when giving
• angle in a semicircle = 90° reasons for answers.
• angle between tangent and radius = 90°
• angle at the centre is twice the angle at the
circumference
• angles in the same segment are equal
• opposite angles of a cyclic quadrilateral sum to
180° (supplementary)
• alternate segment theorem.
E4.8 Circle theorems II Notes and examples
Use the following symmetry properties of circles: Candidates are expected to use the geometrical
properties listed in the syllabus when giving
• equal chords are equidistant from the centre
reasons for answers.
• the perpendicular bisector of a chord passes
through the centre
• tangents from an external point are equal in
length.

5 Mensuration
E5.1 Units of measure Notes and examples
Use metric units of mass, length, area, volume Units include:

and capacity in practical situations and convert • mm, cm, m, km
quantities into larger or smaller units.
• mm2, cm2, m2, km2
• mm3, cm3, m3
• ml, l
• g, kg.
Conversion between units includes:
• between different units of area, e.g. cm2 ↔ m2
• between units of volume and capacity,
e.g. m3 ↔ litres.
E5.2 Area and perimeter Notes and examples
Carry out calculations involving the perimeter and Except for the area of a triangle, formulas are not
area of a rectangle, triangle, parallelogram and given.
trapezium.
E5.3 Circles, arcs and sectors Notes and examples
1 Carry out calculations involving the Answers may be asked for in terms of π.
circumference and area of a circle. Formulas are given in the List of formulas.
2 Carry out calculations involving arc length and Includes minor and major sectors.
sector area as fractions of the circumference and
area of a circle.
E5.4 Surface area and volume Notes and examples
Carry out calculations and solve problems involving Answers may be asked for in terms of π.
the surface area and volume of a: The following formulas are given in the List of
• cuboid formulas:
• prism • curved surface area of a cylinder
• cylinder • curved surface area of a cone
• sphere • surface area of a sphere
• pyramid • volume of a prism
• cone. • volume of a pyramid
• volume of a cylinder
• volume of a cone
• volume of a sphere.
The term prism refers to any solid with a uniform

cross-section, e.g. a cylindrical sector.

5 Mensuration (continued)
E5.5 Compound shapes and parts of shapes Notes and examples
1 Carry out calculations and solve problems Answers may be asked for in terms of π.
involving perimeters and areas of:
• compound shapes
• parts of shapes.
2 Carry out calculations and solve problems
involving surface areas and volumes of:
• compound solids
• parts of solids. e.g. find the surface area and volume of a frustum.

6 Trigonometry
E6.1 Pythagoras’ theorem Notes and examples
Know and use Pythagoras’ theorem.
E6.2 Right-angled triangles Notes and examples
1 Know and use the sine, cosine and tangent Angles will be given in degrees and answers should
ratios for acute angles in calculations involving be written in degrees, with decimals correct to one
sides and angles of a right-angled triangle. decimal place.
2 Solve problems in two dimensions using Knowledge of bearings may be required.
Pythagoras’ theorem and trigonometry.
3 Know that the perpendicular distance from a
point to a line is the shortest distance to the line.
4 Carry out calculations involving angles of
elevation and depression.
E6.3 Exact trigonometric values Notes and examples
Know the exact values of:

1 sin x and cos x for x = 0°, 30°, 45°, 60° and 90°.
2 tan x for x = 0°, 30°, 45° and 60°.
E6.4 Trigonometric functions Notes and examples
1 Recognise, sketch and interpret the following

graphs for 0° ⩽ x ⩽ 360°:
• y = sin x
• y = cos x
• y = tan x.
2 Solve trigonometric equations involving sin x, e.g. solve:
cos x or tan x, for 0° ⩽ x ⩽ 360°. 3
• sin x = 2 for 0° ⩽ x ⩽ 360°
• 2 cos x + 1 = 0 for 0° ⩽ x ⩽ 360°.

6 Trigonometry (continued)
E6.5 Non-right-angled triangles Notes and examples
1 Use the sine and cosine rules in calculations Includes problems involving obtuse angles and the
involving lengths and angles for any triangle. ambiguous case.
2 Use the formula The sine and cosine rules and the formula for area
area of triangle = 2 ab sin C.
1
of a triangle are given in the List of formulas.
E6.6 Pythagoras’ theorem and trigonometry Notes and examples

in 3D
Carry out calculations and solve problems in

three dimensions using Pythagoras’ theorem
and trigonometry, including calculating the angle
between a line and a plane.


E7.1 Transformations Notes and examples
Recognise, describe and draw the following Questions may involve combinations of
transformations: transformations. A ruler must be used for all straight
1 Reflection of a shape in a straight line. edges.
2 Rotation of a shape about a centre through

multiples of 90°.
3 Enlargement of a shape from a centre by a scale Positive, fractional and negative scale factors may
factor. be used.
JN
x
4 Translation of a shape by a vector KK OO .
y
LP
E7.2 Vectors in two dimensions Notes and examples
1 Describe a translation using a vector represented Vectors will be printed as AB or a.

JN
x
by KK OO , AB or a.
y
LP
2 Add and subtract vectors.
3 Multiply a vector by a scalar.
E7.3 Magnitude of a vector Notes and examples
JN
x
Calculate the magnitude of a vector KK OO as The magnitudes of vectors will be denoted by
y
LP modulus signs, e.g.
x 2 +y 2 .
• a is the magnitude of a
• AB is the magnitude of AB .
E7.4 Vector geometry Notes and examples
1 Represent vectors by directed line segments.

2 Use position vectors.
3 Use the sum and difference of two or more
vectors to express given vectors in terms of two
coplanar vectors.
4 Use vectors to reason and to solve geometric Examples include:
problems. • show that vectors are parallel
• show that 3 points are collinear
• solve vector problems involving ratio and
similarity.

8 Probability
E8.1 Introduction to probability Notes and examples
1 Understand and use the probability scale from P(A) is the probability of A
0 to 1. P(A′) is the probability of not A
2 Understand and use probability notation.
3 Calculate the probability of a single event. Probabilities should be given as a fraction, decimal
or percentage.
Problems may require using information from
tables, graphs or Venn diagrams.
4 Understand that the probability of an event e.g. P(B) = 0.8, find P(B′)
not occurring = 1 – the probability of the event
occurring.
E8.2 Relative and expected frequencies Notes and examples
1 Understand relative frequency as an estimate of e.g. use results of experiments with a spinner to
probability. estimate the probability of a given outcome.
2 Calculate expected frequencies. e.g. use probability to estimate an expected value
from a population.
Includes understanding what is meant by fair, bias
and random.
E8.3 Probability of combined events Notes and examples
Calculate the probability of combined events using, Combined events could be with or without
where appropriate: replacement.
• sample space diagrams
• Venn diagrams The notation P(A ∩ B) and P(A ∪ B) may be used
in the context of Venn diagrams.
• tree diagrams. On tree diagrams outcomes will be written at the
end of branches and probabilities by the side of the
branches.
E8.4 Conditional probability Notes and examples
Calculate conditional probability using Venn Knowledge of notation, P(A|B), and formulas
diagrams, tree diagrams and tables. relating to conditional probability is not required.

9 Statistics
E9.1 Classifying statistical data Notes and examples
Classify and tabulate statistical data. e.g. tally tables, two-way tables.
E9.2 Interpreting statistical data Notes and examples
1 Read, interpret and draw inferences from tables

and statistical diagrams.
2 Compare sets of data using tables, graphs and e.g. compare averages and measures of spread
statistical measures. between two data sets.
3 Appreciate restrictions on drawing conclusions
from given data.
E9.3 Averages and measures of spread Notes and examples
1 Calculate the mean, median, mode, quartiles,

range and interquartile range for individual data
and distinguish between the purposes for which
these are used.
2 Calculate an estimate of the mean for grouped
discrete or grouped continuous data.
3 Identify the modal class from a grouped
frequency distribution.
E9.4 Statistical charts and diagrams Notes and examples
Draw and interpret:

(a) bar charts Includes composite (stacked) and dual (side-by-
(b) pie charts side) bar charts.
(c) pictograms
(d) stem-and-leaf diagrams Stem-and-leaf diagrams should have ordered data
with a key.
(e) simple frequency distributions.

9 Statistics (continued)
E9.5 Scatter diagrams Notes and examples
1 Draw and interpret scatter diagrams. Plotted points should be clearly marked, for
example as small crosses (×).
2 Understand what is meant by positive, negative
and zero correlation.
3 Draw by eye, interpret and use a straight line of A line of best fit:
best fit.
• should be a single ruled line drawn by
inspection
• should extend across the full data set
• does not need to coincide exactly with any of
the points but there should be a roughly even
distribution of points either side of the line over
its entire length.
E9.6 Cumulative frequency diagrams Notes and examples
1 Draw and interpret cumulative frequency tables Plotted points on a cumulative frequency diagram
and diagrams. should be clearly marked, for example as small
crosses (×), and be joined with a smooth curve.
2 Estimate and interpret the median, percentiles,
quartiles and interquartile range from cumulative
frequency diagrams.
E9.7 Histograms Notes and examples
1 Draw and interpret histograms. On histograms, the vertical axis is labelled

‘Frequency density’.
2 Calculate with frequency density.
Frequency density is defined as
frequency density = frequency ÷ class width.

4 Details of the assessment
All candidates take two components.
Candidates who have studied the Core subject content, or who are expected to achieve a grade 4 or below,
should be entered for Paper 1 and Paper 3. These candidates will be eligible for grades 5 to 1, where 5 is the
highest grade.
Candidates who have studied the Extended subject content and who are expected to achieve a grade 5 or
above should be entered for Paper 2 and Paper 4. These candidates will be eligible for grades 9 to 3, where 9
is the highest grade.
All papers assess AO1 Knowledge and understanding of mathematical techniques and AO2 Analyse, interpret
and communicate mathematically.
All papers consist of structured and unstructured questions. Structured questions contain parts, e.g. (a), (b),
(c)(i), etc., and unstructured questions do not.
Questions may assess more than one topic from the subject content.
For all papers, candidates write their answers on the question paper. They must show all necessary working in
the spaces provided.
Additional materials for exams

For both Core and Extended papers, candidates should have the following geometrical instruments:
• a pair of compasses
• a protractor
• a ruler.
Tracing paper may be used as an additional material for all four papers. Candidates cannot bring their own
tracing paper but may request it during the examination.
Candidates should have a scientific calculator for Papers 3 and 4; one with trigonometric functions is strongly
recommended. Algebraic or graphical calculators are not permitted. Please see the Cambridge Handbook
at www.cambridgeinternational.org/eoguide for guidance on use of calculators in the examinations.
Calculators are not allowed for Paper 1 and Paper 2.
The Additional materials list for exams is updated before each series. You can view the list for the relevant
series and year on our website in the Phase 4 – Before the exams section of the Cambridge Exams Officer’s
Guide at www.cambridgeinternational.org/eoguide

Cambridge IGCSE (9–1) Mathematics 0980 syllabus for 2025, 2026 and 2027. Details of the assessment
Core assessment
Paper 1 Non-calculator (Core)
Written paper, 1 hour 30 minutes, 80 marks
Use of a calculator is not allowed.
Candidates answer all questions.
This paper consists of questions based on the Core subject content, except for C1.14 Using a calculator.
This paper will be weighted at 50% of the total qualification.
This is a compulsory component for Core candidates.
This written paper is an externally set assessment, marked by Cambridge.
Paper 3 Calculator (Core)

Written paper, 1 hour 30 minutes, 80 marks
A scientific calculator is required.
This paper consists of questions based on the Core subject content.
Candidates should give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for
angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.
To earn accuracy marks, candidates should avoid rounding figures until they have their final answer. Where
candidates need to use a final answer in later parts of the question, they should use the value of the final
answer before it was rounded.
Candidates should use the value of π from their calculator or the value of 3.142.
This is a compulsory component for Core candidates.

Extended assessment
Paper 2 Non-calculator (Extended)
Written paper, 2 hours, 100 marks
Use of a calculator is not allowed.
This paper consists of questions based on the Extended subject content, except for E1.14 Using a calculator.
This is a compulsory component for Extended candidates.
Paper 4 Calculator (Extended)

Written paper, 2 hours, 100 marks
A scientific calculator is required.
This paper consists of questions based on the Extended subject content.
Candidates should give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place for
angles in degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question.
To earn accuracy marks, candidates should avoid rounding figures until they have their final answer. Where
candidates need to use a final answer in later parts of the question, they should use the value of the final
answer before it was rounded.
Candidates should use the value of π from their calculator or the value of 3.142.
This is a compulsory component for Extended candidates.

List of formulas – Core (Paper 1 and Paper 3)

This list of formulas will be included on page 2 of Paper 1 and Paper 3.
1
Area, A, of triangle, base b, height h. A= bh
2
Area, A, of circle of radius r. A = πr2
Circumference, C, of circle of radius r. C = 2πr
Curved surface area, A, of cylinder of radius r, height h. A = 2πrh
Curved surface area, A, of cone of radius r, sloping edge l. A = πrl
Surface area, A, of sphere of radius r. A = 4πr2
Volume, V, of prism, cross-sectional area A, length l. V = Al
1
Volume, V, of pyramid, base area A, height h. V= Ah
3
Volume, V, of cylinder of radius r, height h. V = πr2h
1 2
Volume, V, of cone of radius r, height h. V= πr h
3
4 3
Volume, V, of sphere of radius r. V= πr
3

List of formulas – Extended (Paper 2 and Paper 4)

This list of formulas will be included on page 2 of Paper 2 and Paper 4.
1
Area, A, of triangle, base b, height h. A= bh
2
Area, A, of circle of radius r. A = πr2
Circumference, C, of circle of radius r. C = 2πr
Curved surface area, A, of cylinder of radius r, height h. A = 2rrh
Curved surface area, A, of cone of radius r, sloping edge l. A = rrl
Surface area, A, of sphere of radius r. A = 4rr 2
Volume, V, of prism, cross-sectional area A, length l. V = Al
1
Volume, V, of pyramid, base area A, height h. V = 3 Ah
Volume, V, of cylinder of radius r, height h. V = rr 2 h
1
Volume, V, of cone of radius r, height h. V = 3 rr 2 h
4
Volume, V, of sphere of radius r. V = 3 rr 3
-b ! b 2 - 4ac
For the equation ax2 + bx + c = 0, where a ≠ 0 x= 2a
For the triangle shown,
A
a b c
= =
sin A sin B sin C
c
b a 2 = b 2 + c 2 − 2bc cos A
1
Area = 2 ab sin C
B a C

Mathematical conventions
Mathematics is a universal language where there are some similarities and differences around the world. The
guidance below outlines the conventions used in Cambridge examinations and we encourage candidates to
follow these conventions.
Working with graphs

• A plot of a graph should have points clearly marked, for example as small crosses (×), and must:
– be drawn on graph or squared paper
– cover a given range of values by calculating the coordinates of points and connecting them
appropriately (where values are given, it will include enough points to determine a curve; where a table
of values is not provided, the candidate must decide on the appropriate number of points required to
determine the curve)
– have each point plotted to an accuracy of within half of the smallest square on the grid.
• A sketch of a graph does not have to be accurate or to scale, nor does it need to be on graph or squared
paper, but it must:
– be drawn freehand
– show the most important features, e.g. x-intercepts, y-intercepts, turning points, symmetry, with
coordinates or values marked on the axes, where appropriate
– have labelled axes, e.g. with x and y
– interact with the axes appropriately, e.g. by intersecting or by tending towards
– fall within the correct quadrants
– show the correct long-term behaviour.
• Graphs should extend as far as possible across any given grid, within any constraints of the domain.
• Where graphs of functions are:
– linear, they should be ruled
– non-linear, the points should be joined with a smooth curve.
• A tangent to a curve should touch the curve at the required point and be in contact with the curve for the
minimum possible distance. It should not cross the curve at the point where it is a tangent.
• Values should be read off a graph to an accuracy of within half of the smallest square on the grid.
Communicating mathematically
• If candidates are asked to show their working, they cannot gain full marks without clearly communicating
their method, even if their final answer is correct.
1
• A numerical answer should not be given as a combination of fractions and decimals, e.g. is not
0.2
acceptable.

Accuracy
• Answers are expected to be given in their simplest form unless the question states otherwise.
• Where a question asks for ‘exact values’ the answer may need to be given in terms of π or in surd form,
depending on the question.
• Where answers are not exact values, they should be given to three significant figures unless a different
accuracy is defined in the question.
• Answers that are exact to four or five significant figures should not be rounded unless the question states
otherwise.
• In order to obtain an answer correct to an appropriate degree of accuracy, a higher degree of accuracy will
often be needed within the working.
• If a question asks to prove or show a given answer to a specified degree of accuracy, candidates must
show full working, intermediate answers and the final answer to at least one degree of accuracy more than
that asked for.

Command words
Command words and their meanings help candidates know what is expected from them in the exams. The
table below includes command words used in the assessment for this syllabus. The use of the command word
will relate to the subject context.
Command word What it means
Calculate work out from given facts, figures or information
Construct make an accurate drawing
Determine establish with certainty
Describe state the points of a topic / give characteristics and main features
Explain set out purposes or reasons / make the relationships between things clear / say why
and/or how and support with relevant evidence
Give produce an answer from a given source or recall/memory
Plot mark point(s) on a graph
Show (that) provide structured evidence that leads to a given result
Sketch make a simple freehand drawing showing the key features
State express in clear terms
Work out calculate from given facts, figures or information with or without the use of a calculator
Write give an answer in a specific form
Write down give an answer without significant working

5 What else you need to know
This section is an overview of other information you need to know about this syllabus. It will help to share the
administrative information with your exams officer so they know when you will need their support. Find more
information about our administrative processes at www.cambridgeinternational.org/eoguide
Before you start

Previous study
We recommend that learners starting this course should have studied a mathematics curriculum such as the
Cambridge Lower Secondary programme or equivalent national educational framework.
Guided learning hours

We design Cambridge IGCSE syllabuses to require about 130 guided learning hours for each subject. This is
for guidance only. The number of hours a learner needs to achieve the qualification may vary according to each
school and the learners’ previous experience of the subject.
Availability and timetables

All Cambridge schools are allocated to one of six administrative zones. Each zone has a specific timetable.
You can view the timetable for your administrative zone at www.cambridgeinternational.org/timetables
You can enter candidates in the June and November exam series.
Check you are using the syllabus for the year the candidate is taking the exam.
Private candidates can enter for this syllabus. For more information, please refer to the Cambridge Guide to
Making Entries.
Combining with other syllabuses

Candidates can take this syllabus alongside other Cambridge International syllabuses in a single exam series.
The only exceptions are:
• Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics (0580)
• Cambridge IGCSE International Mathematics (0607)
• Cambridge O Level Mathematics (4024)
• syllabuses with the same title at the same level.
Cambridge IGCSE, Cambridge IGCSE (9–1) and Cambridge O Level syllabuses are at the same level.
Group awards: Cambridge ICE

Cambridge ICE (International Certificate of Education) is a group award for Cambridge IGCSE. It allows schools
to offer a broad and balanced curriculum by recognising the achievements of learners who pass exams in a
range of different subjects.
Learn more about Cambridge ICE at www.cambridgeinternational.org/cambridgeice

Cambridge IGCSE (9–1) Mathematics 0980 syllabus for 2025, 2026 and 2027. What else you need to know
Making entries
Exams officers are responsible for submitting entries to Cambridge International. We encourage them to work
closely with you to make sure they enter the right number of candidates for the right combination of syllabus
components. Entry option codes and instructions for submitting entries are in the Cambridge Guide to Making
Entries. Your exams officer has a copy of this guide.
Exam administration
To keep our exams secure, we produce question papers for different areas of the world, known as
administrative zones. We allocate all Cambridge schools to an administrative zone determined by their location.
Each zone has a specific timetable. Some of our syllabuses offer candidates different assessment options. An
entry option code is used to identify the components the candidate will take relevant to the administrative zone
and the available assessment options.
Support for exams officers

We know how important exams officers are to the successful running of exams. We provide them with the
support they need to make your entries on time. Your exams officer will find this support, and guidance for all
other phases of the Cambridge Exams Cycle, at www.cambridgeinternational.org/eoguide
Retakes
Candidates can retake the whole qualification as many times as they want to. Information on retake entries is at
www.cambridgeinternational.org/retakes
Language
This syllabus and the related assessment materials are available in English only.
Accessibility and equality

Syllabus and assessment design
Cambridge International works to avoid direct or indirect discrimination. We develop and design syllabuses and
assessment materials to maximise inclusivity for candidates of all national, cultural or social backgrounds and
candidates with protected characteristics; these protected characteristics include special educational needs
and disability, religion and belief, and characteristics related to gender and identity. In addition, the language
and layout used are designed to make our materials as accessible as possible. This gives all candidates the
fairest possible opportunity to demonstrate their knowledge, skills and understanding and helps to minimise the
requirement to make reasonable adjustments during the assessment process.
Access arrangements
Access arrangements (including modified papers) are the principal way in which Cambridge International
complies with our duty, as guided by the UK Equality Act (2010), to make ‘reasonable adjustments’ for
candidates with special educational needs (SEN), disability, illness or injury. Where a candidate would otherwise
be at a substantial disadvantage in comparison to a candidate with no SEN, disability, illness or injury, we
may be able to agree pre-examination access arrangements. These arrangements help a candidate by
minimising accessibility barriers and maximising their opportunity to demonstrate their knowledge, skills and
understanding in an assessment.

Important:
• Requested access arrangements should be based on evidence of the candidate’s barrier to assessment
and should also reflect their normal way of working at school; this is in line with the Cambridge Handbook
www.cambridgeinternational.org/eoguide
• For Cambridge International to approve an access arrangement, we will need to agree that it constitutes
a reasonable adjustment, involves reasonable cost and timeframe and does not affect the security and
integrity of the assessment.
• Availability of access arrangements should be checked by centres at the start of the course. Details of our
standard access arrangements and modified question papers are available in the Cambridge Handbook
www.cambridgeinternational.org/eoguide
• Please contact us at the start of the course to find out if we are able to approve an arrangement that is not
included in the list of standard access arrangements.
• Candidates who cannot access parts of the assessment may be able to receive an award based on the
parts they have completed.
After the exam

Grading and reporting
Grades 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2 or 1 indicate the standard a candidate achieved at Cambridge IGCSE (9–1).
9 is the highest and 1 is the lowest. ‘Ungraded’ means that the candidate’s performance did not meet the
standard required for grade 1. ‘Ungraded’ is reported on the statement of results but not on the certificate.
In specific circumstances your candidates may see one of the following letters on their statement of results:
• Q (PENDING)
• X (NO RESULT).
These letters do not appear on the certificate.
On the statement of results and certificates, Cambridge IGCSE is shown as INTERNATIONAL GENERAL
CERTIFICATE OF SECONDARY EDUCATION (IGCSE).
How students and teachers can use the grades

Assessment at Cambridge IGCSE has two purposes:
1 to measure learning and achievement
The assessment confirms achievement and performance in relation to the knowledge, understanding and
skills specified in the syllabus, to the levels described in the grade descriptions.
2 to show likely future success
The outcomes help predict which students are well prepared for a particular course or career and/or which
students are more likely to be successful.
The outcomes help students choose the most suitable course or career.
Grade descriptions
Grade descriptions are provided to give an indication of the standards of achievement candidates awarded
particular grades are likely to show. Weakness in one aspect of the examination may be balanced by a better
performance in some other aspect.
Grade descriptions for Cambridge IGCSE (9–1) Mathematics will be published after the first assessment of the
syllabus in 2025.

Changes to this syllabus for 2025, 2026 and 2027

This syllabus is version 2, published February 2024
You must read the whole syllabus before planning your teaching programme.
Changes to syllabus content • The term prism has been clarified in C5.4 and E5.4 in the notes and
guidance.
• Drawing graphs in E2.11 has been clarified to define the
expectations for reciprocal and exponential graphs.
• Guidance has been updated to include the term random in C8.2.2
and E8.2.2
Changes to version 1 of the syllabus, published September 2022.
Changes to syllabus content • The wording of the learning outcomes has been updated and
additional notes and examples included, to clarify the depth of
teaching.
• The subject content has been refreshed and updated, with
some topics and learning outcomes added and some removed.
Significant changes to content have been summarised below.
• No new topics have been added to the Core subject content.
• Content removed from the Core subject content:
– adding and subtracting vectors
– multiplying a vector by a scalar
– data collection (it is expected that data collection will be part of
a course based on this syllabus, although it will not be assessed
in an examination).
• Content added to the Core subject content:
– inequalities
– recall of certain squares, cubes and roots
• Content removed from the Extended subject content:
– proper subsets
– linear programming
– congruence criteria (knowledge of congruence itself is still in the
syllabus)
– data collection (it is expected that data collection will be part of
a course based on this syllabus, although it will not be assessed
in an examination)
– box-and-whisker plots
continued

Changes to syllabus content • Content added to the Extended subject content:

(continued) – recall of certain squares, cubes and roots
– surds
– graphs of functions in the form axn now include values of n of
1 1
- and
2 2
– domain and range
– exact trigonometric values
• Other content has been clarified within topics; you are advised to
read the subject content in the syllabus carefully for details.
• The teaching time has not changed.
• The Details of the assessment section includes:
– the List of formulas that is provided in the examinations
– mathematical conventions.
• The wording of the learner attributes has been updated to improve
the clarity of wording.
• The wording of the aims has been updated to improve the clarity of
wording but the meaning is the same.
• The wording of the assessment objectives (AOs) has been updated.
There are no changes to the knowledge and skills being assessed
for each AO.
Changes to assessment • A non-calculator assessment has been introduced at each tier to

(including changes to build candidates’ confidence in working mathematically without a
specimen papers) calculator.
• The examination papers have been rebalanced to provide improved
accessibility and a better candidate experience. The marks,
durations and weightings are the same for both papers in a tier.
• All examination papers will:
– include the List of formulas on page 2
– include a mixture of structured and unstructured questions
– have questions that are the same standard as in the existing
assessment.
• Changes to Paper 1 (Core)
– this is now a non-calculator paper, calculators are not allowed
in the exam
– number of marks increased to 80 marks
– duration has changed to 1 hour 30 minutes
– weighting has changed to 50%
• Changes to Paper 2 (Extended)
– this is now a non-calculator paper, calculators are not allowed
in the exam
– number of marks increased to 100 marks
– duration has changed to 2 hours
continued

Changes to assessment • Changes to Paper 3 (Core)

(including changes to – number of marks decreased to 80 marks
specimen papers) (continued)
– duration has changed to 1 hour 30 minutes
• Calculators are still allowed in Paper 3.
• Changes to Paper 4 (Extended)
– number of marks decreased to 100 marks
– duration has changed to 2 hours
• Calculators are still allowed in Paper 4.
• The specimen assessment materials have been updated to reflect
the changes to the assessment.
In addition to reading the syllabus, you should refer to the updated specimen assessment materials. The
specimen papers will help your students become familiar with exam requirements and command words in
questions. The specimen mark schemes show how students should answer questions to meet the assessment
objectives.
Any textbooks endorsed to support the syllabus for examination from 2025 are suitable for use
with this syllabus.

School feedback: ‘While studying Cambridge IGCSE and Cambridge International A Levels, students
broaden their horizons through a global perspective and develop a lasting passion for learning.’
Feedback from: Zhai Xiaoning, Deputy Principal, The High School Affiliated to Renmin University of China
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Syllabus

Cambridge IGCSE™ (9–1)

© Cambridge University Press & Assessment September 2022

Why choose Cambridge International?......................................................................... 2

1 Why choose this syllabus? ......................................................................................... 4

2 Syllabus overview ........................................................................................................ 7

3 Subject content ..........................................................................................................12

4 Details of the assessment ........................................................................................ 57

5 What else you need to know .................................................................................... 65

Important: Changes to this syllabus

1 Why choose this syllabus?

Students can choose from 70 subjects in any combination – it is

Cambridge IGCSE (9–1) Mathematics supports learners

Our approach in Cambridge IGCSE (9–1) Mathematics encourages learners to be:

School feedback: ‘The strength of Cambridge IGCSE qualifications is internationally

Back to contents page www.cambridgeinternational.org/igcse 4

International recognition and acceptance

Learn more at www.cambridgeinternational.org/recognition

Back to contents page www.cambridgeinternational.org/igcse 5

Find out more at www.cambridgeinternational.org/support

Support for Cambridge IGCSE

Planning and Teaching and Learning and revision Results

• Cambridge Professional Development Qualifications

Supporting exams officers

Back to contents page www.cambridgeinternational.org/igcse 6

The aims are to enable students to:

Cambridge Assessment International Education is an education organisation and politically

Back to contents page www.cambridgeinternational.org/igcse 7

Back to contents page www.cambridgeinternational.org/igcse 8

Please see the Cambridge Handbook at www.cambridgeinternational.org/eoguide for guidance on use of

Paper 1: Non-calculator (Core) Paper 3: Calculator (Core)

1 hour 30 minutes 1 hour 30 minutes

Paper 2: Non-calculator (Extended) Paper 4: Calculator (Extended)

Information on availability is in the Before you start section.

Back to contents page www.cambridgeinternational.org/igcse 9

AO1 Knowledge and understanding of mathematical techniques

AO2 Analyse, interpret and communicate mathematically

Back to contents page www.cambridgeinternational.org/igcse 10

Weighting for assessment objectives

Assessment objectives as a percentage of the Core qualification

AO1 Knowledge and understanding of mathematical techniques 60–70

AO2 Analyse, interpret and communicate mathematically 30–40

Assessment objectives as a percentage of the Extended qualification

AO1 Knowledge and understanding of mathematical techniques 40–50

AO2 Analyse, interpret and communicate mathematically 50–60

Assessment objectives as a percentage of each component

Paper 1 Paper 2 Paper 3 Paper 4

AO1 Knowledge and understanding of mathematical 60–70 40–50 60–70 40–50

Total 100 100 100 100

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Core subject content

Identify and use: Example tasks include:

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Example definition of sets:

C1.3 Powers and roots Notes and examples

C1.4 Fractions, decimals and percentages Notes and examples

C1.5 Ordering Notes and examples

Order quantities by magnitude and demonstrate

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1 Use the standard form A × 10n where n is a

1 Know that letters can be used to represent

1 Construct tables of values, and draw, recognise