SENIOR PROJECT

PROPOSAL
ADAMA SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
UNIVERSITY

MARCH 3, 2016
PREP BY: AMANUEL TIGISTU
R/0173/04

SUB TO: INS BEREKET.

INS abdinago
 Senior project proposal (shopping mall) 1

EXCUTIVE SUMMARY

As we know in the present days Ethiopia has grown in a double digit ratio, in the
same manner Addis Ababa also has growing rapidly so by following this there are several
buildings (which are built in modern way and using technology) are in construction and also
finished and now they are giving a service.

Nowadays shopping malls are became well known by us with related to our growth
and Ethiopians became use to buy products from one specific place in well-designed way
and in easy & accessible way. So bearing this idea in my mind I prepare this proposal that
this summary will give u a short description of the project, the process, and the future
result.

To proceed, my project is on shopping malls which is found in Addis Ababa,

Ethiopia, with specifically location of kolfe keraniyo k/k in front of kidanemihret round
about. So propose a new shopping mall design containing many several business functions
like boutiques, cultural shops, different kinds of offices, super/hyper markets etc.

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Table of content

1 Introduction …………………………………………………………… 3

1.1 Background ………………………………………….…… 3

1.2 Statement of the problem ………………….……….. 5
1.3 Objectives ………………………………………………… 6
1.4 Purpose of the study …………………………………… 6
1.5 Significance of the study ……………………………… 7
1.6 Scope of the study ……………………………………… 7
2 Literature review and case studies …………………….…….. 8
2.1 Definition and description ……………………….… 8
2.2 D/t authors and their books ……………………..… 10
3 Methodology and data collection ……………………….…..… 11
3.1 What data shall be collected ………………….…… 11
3.2 Method of data collection ……………………...…… 11
3.3 Method of analysis ……………………………….…… 12
3.4 Method of presentation ……………………………… 12
4 References ……………………………………………………….…….. 12

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1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND

Shopping malls didn’t just happen. They are not the result of wise planners deciding
that suburban people, having no social life and stimulation, needed a place to go. The
mall was originally conceived of as a community center where people would converge
for shopping, cultural activity, and social interaction. It is safe to say that the mall has
achieved and surpassed those early expectations. In today’s costumer culture the mall
is the center of the universe.

According to the history of shopping centers provided by consumers report had their
birth in the 1920’s in California where supermarkets should anchor and serve as a
magnet for a stripe of smaller stores. According to Samuel Feinberg (1960), shopping
centers got their start a bit earlier where a group of stores established off street
parking. In 1922 the country club plaza in suburban Kansas City, a group of stores only
accessible by car, was built. The first enclosed mall was developed in a suburb of
Minneapolis in 1956. Designed to get the shopper out of the harsh weather, it
introduced the world to shopping complexes as worlds unto themselves-free from bad
weather, life, crime, dirt and troubles. It is somehow fitting that the largest mall in the
United States, called “the mall of America,” is now nearing completion outside
Minneapolis.

Malls are now the retail, social and community center pieces for rejuvenation of urban
centers. Some malls are so large that they are communities has hotels, restaurants,
offices, stores, and residential units.

When we came to our country Ethiopia, the first market in the capital on record was
located near St. George church at the site where the city hall stands now. That plot
used to be known as arada gebeya, gebeya meaning market place in Amharic. But it
lasted only until the invading Italian forces of the 1930’s moved it further west to the
area around the premises of fitawrari habte georgis.

The Italians built piazza separately and opened some European style shops that
displayed commodities and cookies through glass windows, a strange practice which
was not welcome by natives.

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The marketplaces allocated for

indigenous people rightly
coined Mercato dijino did not
have any strategic plan for
growth or expansion. It grew in
width and breadth randomly.
Polarization of stalls of similar
stock grew in to what were
called “terras”. Land grabbing
and possessing plots became
part of the business. Over the
years, the market became an
Figure 1 picture taken inside merkato
amorphous entity where
millions of people converged
from all corners of the country to exchange commodities and information.

After a few years’ malls and business centers are immerged and the first mall in the
country was Dembel City Center, also known as Dembel Mall is a shopping center in
Addis Ababa. Located in the center of the city less than 3 miles from Bole International
Airport, Dembel City Center was one of the first western-style shopping malls to open
in Ethiopia. It is a twelve floor structure built in 2002 with 123 spaces designated for
use as shops and other business offices. It currently has about 105 shops, restaurants,
galleries and other stores open for business. Dembel City Center is part of a modern
development of the city center along Bole Road, also known as Airport Road or Africa
Avenue. Bole Road like many of the streets in Addis Ababa is experiencing a large
construction boom spurred by the growing Ethiopian Economy. However, recent
construction to revamp this major avenue has created havoc for the many shopping
centers, Dembel City Center being one of them. Some businesses in the mall have
been forced to close up shop and move to new locations.

After that there are a lot of malls or business are built like Getu commercial center,
friendship, zefmesh, sofia, Adot multiplex, Lafto mall, Adams pavilion, etc.

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1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

Nowadays in our country Ethiopia, shopping malls are somehow becoming familiar to
our ears and eyes that means the community starts using showing interest to get
service in one place (buying, working, enjoying, playing, eating…). However not all
part of the community is not using this kind of life styles because of some reasons,
which are:-
 The sacristy of shopping malls in the country
 The life style of Ethiopian community
 The malls are in not built in our context (accessibility to every
persons with different incomes)
 The habit of peoples using old markets like Mercato, gulit…
 Malls are provide little services despite of people’s need (sometimes
only high class brands only)

In those built malls, we are also vulnerable to face some problems on circulation areas,
structural systems with respect to the function provided, public toilets according to
the traffic of peoples, signage for guiding the customers, vertical circulations as well as
the height of the building, parking areas, function provided, accessibility from several
point of the country and transportations like road, plane, bicycles, trains, pedestrians,
etc.

So my proposal objective is to prepare a well- designed and a full packaged

(considering the peoples market needs) mall by creating a good and well accessible,
pleasant, iconic, reflecting the culture of Ethiopians, and make an example for other
new building malls to the future.

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1.3 OBJECTIVES

Using this chance (senior project) I try to play a great role in facilitating of shopping
malls in Addis Ababa as well as in other cities in Ethiopia
Then in this senior project I plan to create a well accessible shopping mall by fulfilling
the peoples need and create comfortable environment in order to making usable by
any part of the community on appropriate location in the capital city of Ethiopia. The
integration of the mall with the community is the critical issue here.

As I mentioned as a highlight on the above my main objectives in the design is just to

address problems on circulation areas, structural systems with respect to the function
provided, public toilets according to the traffic of peoples, signage for guiding the
customers, vertical circulations as well as the height of the building, parking areas.

1.4 PURPOSE OF STUDY

In this design title the main purpose of study is:-

 To create a best fitted mall for any business types (Like retails, boutiques,
different offices, super markets, displays, stores, parking, etc.)
 To make a good reference or example for other peoples who need to
build similar function buildings
 To design a good sustainable and applicable mall
 To minimize the peoples energy when they need some products
 Creates an easy life style of marketing and entertaining places

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1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY

The study here has a good significance. As we can see in the country of ours Ethiopia
especially in Addis Ababa there are many new ongoing construction of complexes and
malls so the study plays a great role on the future design of shopping malls in our country.
So this study will never remain on the paper only it may be applied to the ground because
of the increasing of need of peoples using and constructing malls.

1.6 SCOPE OF STUDY

At this time the study became focuses on the:-

 The architectural design of a mall

 The programs which shall be included (can get by searching the needs of the
customers or the community)
 On the mall which contains business related offices.
 The material used on the building (structural to finishing)
 The general site analysis(like an orientation of the site, the climate and weather of
the area, the geological and geodesy character, also the physical structures may
be human made or natural)
 It includes the study of the market, culture and the norms of the country
 Study considering the diversity of peoples (ages, disabilities, culture, life status)

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2. LITRATURE REVIEW

2.1 definition & description

British English: shopping mall a shopping mall is a specially built covered area containing
shops and restaurants which people can walk between, and where cars are not allowed.
NOUN

Brazilian Portuguese: shopping center

Chinese: 大型购物中心 大型购購物中心

European Spanish: centro comercial

French: centre commercial

German: Shopping center

Italian: centro commerciale

Japanese: ショッピングモール

Korean: 쇼핑 몰

Portuguese: shopping

Spanish: centro comercial

A shopping mall is a modern, chiefly North American, term for a form of shopping precinct
or shopping center , in which one or more buildings form a complex of shops representing
merchandisers with interconnecting walkways that enable customers to walk from unit to
unit. A shopping arcade is a specific form serving the same purpose. Many early shopping
arcades such the Burlington Arcade in London, the

Galleria Vittorio Emmanuel II in Milan and numerous arcades in Paris are famous and still
trading. However, many smaller arcades have been demolished, replaced with large centers
or "malls", often accessible by vehicle. Technical innovations such as electric lighting and
escalators were introduced from the late 19th century. From the late 20th century,
entertainment venues such as movie theaters and restaurants began to be added. As a
single built structure, early shopping centers were often architecturally significant

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constructions, enabling wealthier patrons to buy goods in spaces protected from the
weather.

A shopping center is a complex of retail stores end related facilities planned as a unified
group to give maximum shopping convenience to the customer and maximum exposure to
the merchandise . The concept is not new. The agora of the typical city of ancient Greece
was essentially a shopping center in the heart of the business district. The Emperor Trajan’s
architect, the Greek slave Apollodorus, built a shopping center adjacent to the Roman
Forum in A .D. 110. It had a two-level enclosed and ventilated mall lined with open-fronted
shops startlingly similar to today's most up to-date concept . The typical Arabian souk, or
market, of the Middle Ages also had narrow, weather-protected malls lined with open
fronted shops.

The shopping center industry is today pointing in two new, significant directions. First, the
suburban centers are becoming mega centers, complete with several department stores,
office buildings, motels, amusements, and, of course, parking facilities . Second, the central
business districts are making a determined stand to counteract the ever-growing suburban
competition by embarking on programs for construction of new high-speed connector
routes to downtown and construction of major downtown renewal projects, also complete
with stores, offices, hotels, amusements, and parking facilities, usually in decked garages
due to the high downtown land cost

TYPES OF CENTERS

1 Neighborhood Center (Suburban)

This is a row of stores customarily (but not always) in a strip, or line, paralleling the
highway and with parking between the line of storefronts and the highway. Service is by
alley in the rear.

2 Intermediate or Community-Size Center

This also is usually a strip of stores but substantially larger than the neighborhood center
and usually containing a so-called "junior" department store as the major unit. This type is
vulnerable to competition from the larger centers and hence has declined in desirability.
The parking pattern is normally similar to that of the neighborhood center.

3 Regional Center (Suburban)

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This contains one to four department stores plus 50 to 100 or more satellite shops and
facilities, all fronting on an internal pedestrian mall, or shopping walkway. Parking
completely surrounds the building group so that all stores face inward to the mall with their
"backs" to the parking.

Generally one shopping mall should consider about:-

 THE ECONOMIC SURVEY OR MARKET ANALYSIS

 SITE SELECTION
 INTEGRATION WITH THE COMMUNITY
 PLANNING FOR EXPANSION AND STAGED CONSTRUCTION
 GENERAL DESIGN AND PLANNING CRITERIA (Column Spacing, Store
Depths, Clear Heights, Central Plant vs . Individual HVAC System, Anarchy
vs. Regimentation, traffic, etc.)
 TENANT MIX
 STOREFRONTS AND SIGNS ON THE MALL
 SERVICING
 EXTERIOR FACADES
 PARKING AND TRAFFIC
 LANDSCAPING

2.2 different authors and their books

The data that used for the design and the literature review are got from several books,
literatures and also from the internet.
For instance:-
- Collins English dictionary.
- Time saver standards for building types, 2nd edition by joseph de chiaria & john
callender.
- DESIGN STANDARDS AND GUIDELINES FOR LARGE RETAIL. ESTABLISHMENTS -
City of Fort Collins Community Planning and Environmental Services.
- Wikipedia, internet.
- Architectural Standard - Donald Watson - Time Saver Standards for Architectural
Design Data.
- Ernst & peter neufert Architect’s data, third edition.

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3. METHODOLOGY AND DATA COLLECTION

3.1 What data shall be collected?

There are several kinds of data must me collected in order to complete the task. So the data
that shall collected to this design are:-

 The background of the community

 The study of human made or natural existing structures around or inside the
site
 The general analysis of the site(scientific analysis)
 Analysis of the market
 The climatic and weather condition of the location
 The special requirements for several functions which adapts on the building
 General standards and programs

3.2 Methods of data collection

In the collection of data I used the methods of –

 Observation: when I study the existing structure around or inside the site, for
the general analysis of the site, the special requirement that used in the
building. To observe everything live.
 Interviews: to know the background of the communities, special req., etc.
 Literature reviews: to know the general standards and programs, and to
analyses the market.
 Case studies: in order to compare the ideal or theoretical knowledge with the
lively structures and taking important knowledge from it.
 Comparison with local with international cases: it helps me to design a more
relevant and globalized or well-equipped building.

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3.3 Methods of analysis

Those data are going to analyze by making reference from standards (may be architectural
standard books), analyze by specialized experts (when we are deal with the land, the
weather, the climate, water bodies, etc.), consulting with peoples (economists also the
community itself), etc.

3.4 Methods of presentation

The final architectural design output will be presented in several ways:

 In hard copy (print out file, like pictures and documentation)

 Also in a soft copy (cad files, every compulsory materials)
 In animated videos (tour inside & outside the proposed mall)
 3d representation model (according to time left)
 A finalized design report in hard copy as well as soft.

4. REFERENCES

Collins English dictionary.

Wikipedia, internet.
Time saver standards for building types, 2nd edition by joseph de chiaria & john callender.
Ernst & peter neufert Architect’s data, third edition.
Interviews and observation through the community.

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