What is the Poisson's ratio for concrete?

the Poisson's ratio for concrete is 0.20 ,Poisson's ratio μ is the ratio of the transverse to the longitudinal strains under axial
stress within the elastic range.

What is the Poisson's ratio for steel structural?

the Poisson's ratio for steel structural is 0.30.

What is the modulus of elasticity ( Ec ) for concrete structural?

the modulus of elasticity for concrete Ec is 4700 x √fc' normalweight concrete .

What is the modulus of elasticity ( Es ) for steel structural?

the modulus of elasticity for steel Es is stress / strain = 205,000 n/mm² .

5. What is the maximum percentage of reinforcement for beams As per BS 8110-97?

the maximum percentage is 4%.

6. What is the minimum percentage of tension reinforcement (pure tension) for rectangular beams As per BS 8110-97?
the minimum percentage is 0.13%.

7. What is the maximum settlement for raft foundation?

the maximum settlement for raft foundation is 50mm.

8. What is the maximum settlement for isolated footing?

the maximum settlement for isolated footing is 25mm.

9. As per DM requirement in circular 141 ,What is the minimum additional loads to be taking from the (side Road) for
design shoring?
the minimum additional loads are 20kn/m².

10. As per DM requirement in circular 141 ,What is the minimum additional loads to be taking from the (side Sikka) for
design shoring?
the minimum additional loads are 15kn/m².

11. What is the minimum spacing for Bolts As per BS 5950?

a= spacing ≥ 2.50 d .
b= spacing ≥ 2.50 d.
c= spacing ≥ 1.25 d .

12. What is the maximum vertical deflection for steel structural As per BS 5950?
a- Cantilever (length/180).
b- Beams carrying plaster or other brittle finish (length/360).
c- Other Beams (except purlins and sheeting rails) (length/200).

13. As per Bs 4360 ,What is the allowable strength of grade 43 steel when thickness is less than or equal to 16mm?
the allowable strength of grade 43 steel is 275 n/mm².

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14. As per Bs 4360 ,What is the allowable strength of grade 50 steel when thickness is less than or equal to 16mm?
the allowable strength of grade 50 steel is 355 n/mm².

15. As per Bs 4360 ,What is the allowable strength of grade 55 steel when thickness is less than or equal to 16mm?
the allowable strength of grade 55 steel is 450 n/mm².

16. What is the strength of 8mm welded ,If the electrode capacity is 215 n/mm?
the strength = thickness of welded X Capacity X 0.707
strength = 8 mm X 215 n/mm X 0.707 X (10) ‫ ـ‬³ = 1.216 kn.
for convert to kn

17. What is the minimum thickness for steel plate in case of built-up sections ,As Per DM requirement?
the minimum thickness for steel plate shall be (6mm) in case of built-up sections.

18. As per DM requirements the ultimate deflection for steel structural due to
a- due to dead and live loads, for main horizontal and vertical elements (L/240).
b- due to live loads only , for main horizontal elements (L/360).
c- vertical elements (block work higher than 2.4meters) (H/200).
d- vertical elements in buildings with steel facades (H/100).

19. What is the single shear capacity of Bolt size 20mm Grade 4.6 As per BS 5950.
the single shear capacity of Bolt size 20mm is 39.2 kn.

20. What is the single shear capacity of Bolt size 20mm Grade 8.8 As per BS 5950.
the single shear capacity of Bolt size 20mm is 91.9 kn.

BOLT LOAD CAPACITY TABLES TO BS5950 PART 1, 2000 19. Single shear of Bolt 20mm For Grade 4.6
THE ULTIMATE LIMIT STATE (ie FACTORED APPLIED LOADS)
Single shear C = 0.78 x Ps x Asb
GRADE 4.6 BOLTS
Tensile Shear Capacity In Grade 43, bearing capacity = 460N/mm², for e ≥ 2d Single shear C = 0.78 x 160 x πxD² x 10 ‫ـ‬³
Bolt
Size
Gross
Area
Capacity
at
at 160N/mm²
THREADS IN In Grade 50, bearing capacity = 550N/mm², for e ≥ 2d
4
Single shear C = 0.78 x 160 x πx20² x 10 ‫ـ‬³
195N/mm² SHEAR PLANE Thickness in mm of plate passed through

M16
mm²
157
kN
30.6
Single
25.1
Double
50.2
5
36.8
6
44.2 51.5
7 8 9 10 12 15 18
4
(44.0) (52.8) Single shear C = 39.20 n/mm²
M20 245 47.8 39.2 78.4 46.0 55.2 64.4 73.6 82.8
(55.0) (66.0) (77.0)
(M22) 303 59.1 48.5 97.0 50.6 60.7 70.8 81.0 91.1 101
(60.5) (72.6) (84.7) (96.8)
M24 353 68.8 56.5 113 55.2 66.2 77.3 88.3 99.4 110
(66.0) (79.2) (92.4) (106) (119)
M27 459 89.5 73.4 147 62.1 74.5 86.9 99.3 111.8 124
(74.2) (89.1) (104) (118) (133) (148)
149
20. Single shear of Bolt 20mm For Grade 8.8
M30 561 109 89.8 180 69 82.8 96.6 110 124 138 165 207
(82.5) (99.0) (115) (132) (148) (165) (198) Single shear C = 0.78 x Ps x Asb
Single shear C = 0.78 x 375 x πxD² x 10 ‫ـ‬³
GRADE 8.8 BOLTS
4
Tensile Shear Capacity In Grade 43, bearing capacity = 460N/mm², for e ≥ 2d Single shear C = 0.78 x 375 x πx20² x 10 ‫ـ‬³
Bolt
Size
Capacity
at
at 375N/mm²
THREADS IN In Grade 50, bearing capacity = 550N/mm², for e ≥ 2d
4
450N/mm²
kN
SHEAR PLANE
Single Double 5 6 7
Thickness in mm of plate passed through
8 9 10 12 15 18 20 22 25
Single shear C = 91.9 n/mm²
M16 70.7 58.9 118 36.8 44.2 51.5 58.9 66.2 73.6 88.3 110 132
(44.0) (52.8) (61.6) (70.4) (79.2) (88.0) (106) (132)
M20 110 91.9 184 46.0 55.2 64.4 73.6 82.8 92.0 110 138 166 184
(55.0) (66.0) (77.0) (88.0) (99.0) (110) (132) (165) (198)
(M22) 136 114 227 50.6 60.7 70.8 81.0 91.1 101 121 152 182 202 223 253
(60.5) (72.6) (84.7) (96.8) (109) (121) (145) (182) (218) (242)
M24 159 132 265 55.2 66.2 77.3 88.3 99.4 110 132 166 199 221 243 276
(66.0) (79.2) (92.4) (106) (119) (132) (158) (198) (238) (264) (290)
M27 207 172 344 62.1 74.5 86.9 99.3 111.8 124 149 186 223 248 273 310
(74.2) (89.1) (104) (118) (133) (148) (178) (222) (267) (297) (371)
M30 252 210 421 69 82.8 96.6 110 124 138 165 207 248 276 303 345
(82.5) (99.0) (115) (132) (148) (165) (198) (247) (297) (330) (363) (413)

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21. As per ACI ,What is the modification factor for
a- Beams → 0.35
b- Columns → 0.70
c- Flat plat (slabs) → 0.25
d- Walls Un cracked → 0.70
Cracked → 0.35

22. As per DM requirement ,What is the modification factor for PT slabs?

The modification factor for PT slabs are 0.50.

23. What is the maximum Deflection for beam simple support or cantilever beam ?

Beam and load cases Maximum Deflection 22. What is the maximum Deflection for beam
simple support with span 10 m and uniform load
15kn?
I = 3.60 X 10 ‫ ـ‬³
PL³ E=25 X 10 6 n/mm
δ max =
48EI

Solution for convert to mm

(5 X 15 X 104 ) X 10³
pb(3L²-4b²) δ max =
δ max = 384 X 3.60 X 10 ‫ ـ‬³ X 25X10 6
48EI
δ max = 21.70 mm

5wL4
δ max =
384EI

‫دا ح ل مث ال ولك ن انتب ه ممك ن يجيل ك اي مث ال‬

‫م ن الح اﻻت الموج وده ف ي الج دول‬

PL³
δ max =
3EI

pa²(3L-a)
δ max =
6EI

wL4
δ max =
8EI

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24. What is the maximum Moment for beam simple support or cantilever beam ?

Beam and load cases Maximum Deflection 24. What is the maximum Bending Moment for
beam simple support with span 8 m and concentrated
load 70kn?

PL
Max B.M =
4

Pab Solution
Max B.M =
L

70 x 5 x 3
WL²
Max B.M = = 131.25 kn.m
Max B.M = 8
8

‫دا ح ل مث ال ولك ن انتب ه ممك ن يجيل ك اي مث ال‬

Max B.M = PL ‫م ن الح اﻻت الموج وده ف ي الج دول‬

WL²
Max B.M =
2

25. The dynamic analysis is performed for Irregular buildings of story above .........?
- above 5 story or 19.80 meter height.

26. The dynamic analysis is performed for regular or irregular buildings of soil type ......?
- Soil type ( SF ).

27. Calculate The Base Shear ?

‫هيل علي ك‬ ‫ف ي اﻹمتح ان ﻻ يس مح ب دخول الك ود او اي مراجع ل ذلك يج ب علي ك حف ظ ما يل ي وللتس‬
‫هاقول ك عل ى طريق ة س هله للحف ظ لك ن ب ا علي ك ﻻ تنس اني م ن ال دعاء‬
Zone ( 2A ) → Soil type ( Sc ) Ca ‫يج ب علي ك حف ظ‬
Cv

Zone ( 2B ) → Soil type ( Sc ) Ca

Cv
‫ ( لك ل منه م عش ان م ش تحف ظ حج ات كت ير‬SD ) ‫وم ن خﻼله م هعلم ك تطل ع‬

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 Zone ( 2A ) → Soil type ( SC ) Ca = 0.18 4 ‫ ( ه نزود دايم ا‬SD ) ‫ ( ال ى‬SC ) ‫ ( من‬Ca ) ‫ف ي‬
Cv= 0.25

Zone ( 2A ) → Soil type ( SD ) Ca = 0.22 7 ‫ ( ه نزود‬SD ) ‫ ( ال ى‬SC ) ‫ ( من‬Cv ) ‫ف ي‬

Cv= 0.32

Zone ( 2B ) → Soil type ( SC ) Ca = 0.24 4 ‫ ( ه نزود دايم ا‬SD ) ‫ ( ال ى‬SC ) ‫ ( من‬Ca ) ‫ف ي‬

Cv= 0.32

Zone ( 2A ) → Soil type ( SD ) Ca = 0.28 8 ‫ ( ه نزود‬SD ) ‫ ( ال ى‬SC ) ‫ ( من‬Cv ) ‫ف ي‬

Cv= 0.40

Ct = 0.035 (ft) = 0.0853 (m) → For Steel Structural 2.45 ‫ ( واض ربها ف ي‬ft ) ‫دات‬ ‫ظ بالوح‬ ‫ظ احف‬ ‫هيل للحف‬ ‫للتس‬
Ct = 0.03 (ft) = 0.0731 (m) → For Concrete Frame
Ct =0.02 (ft) = 0.0488 (m) →For Other

28. Calculate The Base Shear , Given Soil type SC ,Zone 2B ,Special moment resistant frame (Steel) ,Total weight of
building W=60,000 kn ,Total Height H=44m ?

Solution
W=60,000 kn ,Zone 2B → SC Ca = 0.24 building Steel Ct=0.0853
Cv= 0.32 H = 44 m
S.M.R.F →R=8.50

3/4 3/4
a- find Time period T= Ct x ( H ) = 0.0853 x ( 44 ) = 1.46 sec

CV I 0.32 1
b- Base Shear = x xW= x x 60,000 = 1547 kn
T R 1.46 8.50

29. Calculate The Minimum Base Shear , Given Soil type SC ,Zone 2B ,Special moment resistant frame (Steel) ,Total
weight of building W=60,000 kn ,Total Height H=44m ?
Solution
Minimum Base Shear = 0.11 x Ca x I x W
Minimum Base Shear = 0.11 x 0.24 x 1 x 60,000 = 1584 kn.

30. Calculate The Maximum Base Shear , Given Soil type SC ,Zone 2B ,Special moment resistant frame (Steel) ,Total
weight of building W=60,000 kn ,Total Height H=44m ?

Solution
I
Maximum Base Shear = (2.50 Ca) x xW
R

1
Maximum Base Shear = (2.50 x 0.24) x x 60,000 = 4235.29 kn.
8.50
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31. What is the story force at 4th story ,Building 5 story ,The height of each story 3.60m ,The weight of each story 3600Kn
,Time period 0.50 sec ,Base shear 960 kn.?

<<The Explanation >>

* If (T) < 0.70 sec → F (top)=0.0

Story 5 W5=3600kn
* If (T) ≥ 0.70 sec → F (top)= 0.07 x T x Vs > 0.25 Vs
* Vs→Base shear
Story 4 W4=3600kn
* T→Time period3
Story 3 W3=3600kn

Story 2 W2=3600kn
* Case (1) If (T) < 0.70 sec → F (top)=0.0
Vs x W of same story x H of same story Story 1 W1=3600kn
- F@any story =
∑ Wi x Hi

Vs x W2 x H 2
-For F@2nd Story=
(W1xH1)+(W2xH2)+(W3xH3)+(W4xH4)+(W5xH5)

* Case (2) If (T) ≥ 0.70 sec → F (top)= 0.07 x T x Vs > 0.25 Vs

[Vs-F(top)] x W of same story x H of same story

- F@any story =
∑ Wi x Hi

[Vs-F(top)] x W2 x H 2
- For F@2nd Story=
(W1xH1)+(W2xH2)+(W3xH3)+(W4xH4)+(W5xH5)

<<The Solution >>

a- as per our question T < 0.70 sec → F (top)=0.0

Vs x W4 x H 4
b- So F@4th Story=
(W1xH1)+(W2xH2)+(W3xH3)+(W4xH4)+(W5xH5)

960 x 3600 x 14.40

F@4th Story=
(3600x3.60)+(3600x7.20)+(3600x10.80)+(3600x14.40)+(3600x18.0)

960 x 3600 x 14.40

F@4th Story= = 256 kn.
(3600)x[3.60+7.20+10.80+14.40+18.0]

32. What is the Maximum load capacity for UB 203x102x23 ,With span 1.20m ,Elastic modulus Z=207cm³ ,Fy=275n/mm²?

<<The Solution >>

M= WL² →For simple support (By load) & M= Fy x Z → For UB

8

So → WL² = Fy x Z To convert to mm
8
W x 1200²
= 275 x 207 x 10 ³
8

W = 316.25 n/mm
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33. Calculate the Maximum Load capacity for Pile No: 05 ,Total Working load P=1000 kn?

<<The Explanation >>

y-y
P Mx.y My.x
q= N ± y² ± x²
No:1 No:2
- q → Maximum load capacity on pile
- P → loads from column or shear wall.
- N→ number of piles.
- Mx→ Moment about x-x , Mx = P x ey. ey
- My→Moment about y-y , My = P x ex. x-x x-x
- y² → ∑distance between center of pile to center of pile cap for all piles in y dir.
No:3 P No:4

- x₂ → ∑distance between center of pile to center of pile cap for all piles in x dir. ex
- ± (+) if load P make compression on piles like in our example
P is a compression in pile No ( 3 & 5).
No:5 No:6

- (-) if load P make tension on piles like in our example P is a tension in pile No (2).

<<The Solution >>

Find Maximum load capacity on pile N (5) :

Mx.y My.x
P pile N(5)= P + +
N y² x²

- Mx = P x ey = 1000 x 0.33 = 330 kn.m.

- My = P x ex = 1000 x 0.20 = 200 kn.m.
- x² = (6) no of pils x (1)² = 6 m.
- y² = [2 x (1.67)² ] + [2 x (0.33)² ] + [2 x (1.33)² ]= 9.33 m.

330x1.33 200x1
P pile N(5)= 1000 + + = 247 kn.
6 9.33 6

IF asked you to find Maximum load capacity on pile N :

Mx.y My.x 1000 330x1.67 200x1

P pile N(1)= P - + = - + = 140.93 kn.
N y² x² 6 9.33 6

P Mx.y My.x 1000 330x1.67 200x1

P pile N(2)= - - = - - = 74.27 kn.
N y² x² 6 9.33 6

P Mx.y My.x 1000 330x0.33 200x1

P pile N(3)= + + = + + = 211.67 kn.
N y² x² 6 9.33 6

P Mx.y My.x 1000 330x0.33 200x1

P pile N(4)= + - = + - = 145 kn.
N y² x² 6 9.33 6

P Mx.y My.x 1000 330x1.33 200x1

P pile N(6)= + - = + - = 180.38 kn.
N y² x² 6 9.33 6

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34. What is the minimum pre-stressing force for beam (200 mm x 500 mm) ,Considering zero tension at bottom ,loads only
(Self weight + live load) ,Span of beam 8.0m ,e=65mm ,L.L= 10 kn/m

<<The Explanation >>

-P -M D.L -M L.L Pxe

A Ztop Ztop Ztop
compression compression tension
(+)
(-) (-) (-)

tension tension (-) compression

(-) (+) (+)

-P M D.L M L.L -P x e
A Zbot Zbot Zbot

pre-stresing load effect load effect eccentricity

- F top = -P - M D.L - M L.L + P x e

A Ztop Ztop Ztop

- F bot = -P +M D.L + M L.L - P x e

A Zbot Zbot Zbot

For zero tension @ top or bot:

- F top = -P - M D.L - M L.L + P x e = 0.0

A Ztop Ztop Ztop

- F bot = -P +M D.L + M L.L - P x e = 0.0

A Zbot Zbot Zbot

Find Ztop or Zbot:

- Z= I , Z top = I ,Z bot= I
y yt yb

- I= bh³
12
<<The Solution >>

- A= 0.20 x 0.50 = 0.10 m² , I= bh³ = 0.20 x (0.50)³ = 2.083x(10) ‫ ـ‬³ m4 , yb= 0.25 m.
12 12

- Zbot= I = 2.083x(10) ‫ـ‬³ = 8.332x(10) ‫ـ‬³

yb 0.25
Loads :
- W self weight = Ɣc x Area of section = 25 x 0.10 = 2.50 kn/m.
- L.L = 10 kn/m given .
Moment :
Wsw.L² 2.50 x (8)²
- M D.L = = = 20 kn.m
8 8
WL.L x L² 10 x (8)²
- M L.L = = =80 kn.m
8 8
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For zero tension @bot:

- F bot = -P +M D.L + M L.L - P x e = 0.0

A Zbot Zbot Zbot

- P + P x e = M D.L + M L.L
A Zbot Zbot Zbot

- P + P x 0.065 = 20 + 80
0.10 8.332x(10) ‫ ـ‬³ 8.332x(10) ‫ ـ‬³ 8.332x(10) ‫ـ‬³

By calculator P = 674.22 kn.

If you don't know how to solve this by calculator ,please don't hesitate to contact with me

35. What is the shear reinforcement required As per ACI code For Beam (200 mm x 600 mm) ,Fy =420 n/mm²
,Fc` =32 n/mm . applied shear force (Vu) = 300 kn.

<<The Explanation With Solution >>

Vu
* ‫ط‬Vn ≥ Vu * Vn = & * Vn = Vc + Vs * Vs = Vn - Vc
‫ط‬

* Vu= 300 kn. Given

1-) Find Vc ,Vn , Vs

* Vc = 0.17 x λ x √fc` x bw x d

- λ→ 1 for normal concrete

- bw→width of beam.
- d → depth of beam.
* Vc = (0.17 x 1 x √32 x 200 x 600) x (10) ‫ ـ‬³ = 115.40 kn.
* Vn = Vu = 300 = 400 kn.
‫ط‬ 0.75

* Vs =Vn -Vc = 400 - 115.40 =284.60 kn

2-) check the section is enough or should be increase dimension.

* If Vs < Vs max → ok enough

* If Vs > Vs max → not enough ,should be increase dimension of section.

* Vs max = 2 x √fc' x bw x d
3

* Vs max =( 2 x √32 x 200 x 600 ) x 10 ‫ـ‬³ = 452.5 kn

3
So Vs=284.60 kn < Vs max=452.5 kn → ok enough

3-)check the shear reinforcement is required or no.

* If Vu ≤ 21 ‫ ط‬Vc → Not shear reinforcement (no stirrups).

1
* If Vu > 2 ‫ ط‬Vc → shear reinforcement is required ( stirrups is required).

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 Vu = 300 kn.
1
2 ‫ ط‬Vc = 0.50 x 0.75 x 115.40 =43.275 kn.
1
Vu > 2 ‫ ط‬Vc → shear reinforcement is required ( stirrups is required).

4-) Calculate (S) spacing between stirrups:

Avs x Fyt x d - Avs → area of stirrups section

S=
Vs - Fyt → 420 n/mm²
- d → depth of beam section 600mm
- Vs → 284.60 kn.

* assume use 2T12 with 2 leg :

- Avs for T12 with 2 leg = 113.1 x 2 =226.2 mm²
- Fyt → 420 n/mm²
226.2 x 420 x 600 - d → depth of beam section 600mm
S= = 200.29 mm
284.60 x (10)³ - Vs → 284.60 kn.

* Calculate Smax:

* If S < Smax → use S

* If S > Smax → use Smax

* Calculate Smax:

Smallest d
- If Vu ≥ ‫( ط‬vc+vs`)→ Smax = ≤ 4 mm - Vs`=0.33 √fc` x bw x d
300 mm

Smallest d
- If Vu < ‫( ط‬vc+vs`)→ Smax = ≤ 2 mm
600 mm

- Vs`=0.33 √32 x 200 x 600 x 10 ‫ـ‬³ = 224 kn.

- ‫( ط‬vc+vs`) = 0.75 x ( 115.40 + 224 ) =254.55 kn.

Smallest d 600
- So Vu=300kn > ‫( ط‬vc+vs`) = 254.55kn→ Smax = ≤ 4 = 4 = 150 mm
300 mm

* So S= 200mm > Sma = 150mm → use Smax

* stirrups use 2T12@150 mm.

* Notes : Advice to safe time for the exam:

· If he gives you all the choices in the exam shear reinforcement T12@..... ,then the solution in step (1) and (4)direct
because this mean the section is enough in dimension and the shear reinforcement is required.
· If he gives you one of the choices is section not enough or minimum steel so the solution should be with all steps.

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 36. What is the shear reinforcement required As per ACI code For Beam (200 mm x 600 mm) ,Fy =420 n/mm²
,Fc` =32 n/mm . applied shear force (Vu) = 400 kn.

<<The Explanation With Solution >>

* Vu= 400 kn. Given

1-) Find Vc ,Vn , Vs

* Vc = 0.17 x λ x √fc` x bw x d

* Vc = (0.17 x 1 x √32 x 200 x 600) x (10) ‫ ـ‬³ = 115.40 kn.

* Vn = Vu = 400 = 533.3 kn.
‫ط‬ 0.75

* Vs =Vn -Vc = 533.3 - 115.40 =418 kn

2-) check the section is enough or should be increase dimension.

* Vs max = 2 x √fc' x bw x d
3

* Vs max =( 2 x √32 x 200 x 600 ) x 10 ‫ـ‬³ = 452.5 kn

3
So Vs=418 kn < Vs max=452.5 kn → ok enough

3-)check the shear reinforcement is required or no.

Vu = 400 kn.
1
2 ‫ ط‬Vc = 0.50 x 0.75 x 115.40 =43.275 kn.
1
Vu > 2 ‫ ط‬Vc → shear reinforcement is required ( stirrups is required).

4-) Calculate (S) spacing between stirrups:

* Use T12 with 2 leg because in exam he gave he choices T12 :

Avs x Fyt x d 226.2 x 420 x 600

S= = = 136.3 mm
Vs 418 x (10)³

* Calculate Smax:

- Vs`=0.33 √fc` x bw x d

- Vs`=0.33 √32 x 200 x 600 x 10 ‫ـ‬³ = 224 kn.

- ‫( ط‬vc+vs`) = 0.75 x ( 115.40 + 224 ) =254.55 kn.

Smallest d 600
- So Vu=300kn > ‫( ط‬vc+vs`) = 254.55kn→ Smax = ≤ 4 = 4 = 150 mm
300 mm
* So S= 136mm < Smax = 150mm → use S 135 mm

* stirrups use 2T12@135 mm.

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37. What is the maximum deflection for horizontal member due to live load As per ACI code ?

- Max Def = L for normal floors

180
- Max Def = L for floor carry glasses/cladding.
360

38. What is the maximum deflection for horizontal member due to sum of the long term deflection due to all sustained
loads As per ACI code ?
L
- Max Def = 240 for normal floors

L
- Max Def = 480 for floor carry glasses/cladding.

39. How much can be the toe depth for pile with respect to the diameter of pile in the rock soil ?

- The Toe depth is = 2 x D

40. What is the vertical component of earthquake dynamic and static?

- The vertical component of earthquake dynamic is Ev = 2 Eh.

3
- The vertical component of earthquake static is Ev = 0.50 x Ca x I x D ,( D = dead load ).

41. As per ACI code ,The pre-stressed concrete member are classified as class (T) if :

- Class U → ft ≤ 0.62 √fc` ‫ واح د فق ط‬Class ‫ف ي اﻻمتح ان هيس ألك فق ط ع ن‬

- Class T → 0.62 < ft ≤ 1.0 √fc`
- Class C → ft > 1.0 √fc`

42. What is the maximum story drift ( ΔM) for time period (T) < 0.70 sec And (T) ≥ 0.70 sec?

- ( ΔM)=0.70 x R x Δs > 0.025 H → (T) < 0.70 sec.

- ( ΔM)=0.70 x R x Δs > 0.02 H → (T) ≥ 0.70 sec

43. What is the maximum Vertical Reinforcement in columns or walls ?

- 4% for normal overlap.

- 8% using couplers.

44. What is the minimum Vertical Reinforcement in columns or walls ?

- 1% for Columns.

- 0.4% For walls.

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45. What is the inelastic component of displacement of building?

- ( ΔM)=0.70 x R x Δs

46. What is the maximum deflection for piles?

- 1% As per DM regulation.
- 10 % As per ACI code.

47. What is the maximum deflection for piles and the distance between piles and road site less than 5m ?

- the maximum deflection 50 mm.

48. What is the maximum deflection for piles and the distance between piles and neighbor site less than 5m ?

- the maximum deflection 30 mm.

49. What is the minimum distance between piles as per DM requirement?

- the minimum distance between piles is (2.50 x D).

50. What is the minimum distance between anchors in shoring system as per DM requirement?

- the minimum distance between anchors in shoring system is (1.20m).

51. What is the minimum length anchors in shoring system as per DM requirement?

- the minimum length anchors in shoring system is not less than (3.0m).

52. What is the maximum length anchors in shoring system as per DM requirement?

- the maximum length anchors in shoring system is Not exceeding (10m) .

53. What is the maximum angle for excavation as per DM requirement?

- the maximum angle for excavation (40°) .

54. What is the ultimate Damping ration for ...?

( ꭍ )Damping ratio
Load conceret steel
Wind 2-3% 1%
EQ 5% 2%

55. What is the Horizontal deflection of Steel structure Columns due to imposed load and wind load according to BS 5950?
Horizontal deflection of Steel structure Columns = (H/300).

56. What is the modular ratio for concrete structure?

The modular ratio n is the ratio of the modulus of elasticity of steel to the modulus of elasticity of
concrete: n=Es/Ec.

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57. What is the effect of the liquefaction on the soil?

· Settlement
· Surface manifestation.
· Lateral spreading or land sliding.
· Loss of bearing capacity for shallow foundation.
· Loss of lateral soil stiffness.

58. Where is the critical section for shear in beams ?

· Critical section at the face of the column on section ( a) on Beam loaded on tension flange
· Critical section at the face of the column on section ( d) on Beam supported by tension force.
· Critical section at d away from the section (b) on beam column joint.
· Critical section at d away from the section (c) on beam supported by shear.
· Critical section at d away from the section (e) on beam with concentrated load close to support.

59. What is the Stiffness irregularity—soft story or When will be exists?

A soft story is one in which the lateral stiffness is
1. The story stiffness is less than 70 percent of that of the story above. or
2. The story stiffness is less than 80 percent of the average stiffness of the three
stories above.
1. K1 < 70 % K2 or
2. K1 < 80 % K2+K3+K4
3

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60. What is the Weight (mass) irregularity or When is exists?
A Mass irregularity shall be considered to exist where the effective mass of any story is more than
150 percent of the effective mass of an adjacent story. A roof that is lighter than the floor below
need not be considered.
1. m1 > 150 % m2 or
2. m2 > 150 % m3 ....

61. What is the Vertical geometric irregularity or When is exists?

A Vertical geometric irregularity shall be considered to exist where the horizontal dimension of the
lateral force-resisting system in any story is more than 130 percent of that in an adjacent
story.One-story penthouses need not be considered.

* L1 ≥ 130 % L2
* L1 / L2 ≥ 130 %

62. What is the In-plane discontinuity in vertical lateral-force-resisting element or When is exists?
An in-plane offset of the lateral-load-resisting elements greater than the length of those elements

The left side of the upper shear wall (B) is offset 4.0 m from the left side of
the lower shear wall (A). This 4-m offset is greater than the 2m length of the
offset wall elements.

63. What is the Discontinuity in capacity-weak story or When is exists?

A weak story is one in which the story strength is less than 80 percent of that in the story above.

64. When Losses of pre-stress occur?

* Initial Losses:
· Friction.
· Elastic shortening.
· Anchor set.

* Time depended Losses (long term losses) similar to pre-tensioning:

· Shrinkage.
· Creep.
· Relaxation.

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65. We consider Column as short or slender as per ACI code when :

k x Lu
* Un Braced r ≥ 22 Slender
k x Lu
r < 22 Short
k x Lu
* Braced r > (34 - 12 M1 ) ≥ 40 Slender
M2
k x Lu
r < 40 Short
- k depend on end conditions of the column

- lu clear height between end restraints.

- r radius of gyration = Ix-x =( inertia / area )

A

66. We consider Column as short or slender as per BS8110-97 code when :

lex and ley

* Un Braced h b
< 10 Short
lex and ley
h b ≥ 10 Slender
lex and ley
* Braced h b < 15 Short
lex and ley
h b ≥ 15 Slender
- lex effective height in respect of the major axis.
- ley effective height in respect of the minor axis.
- h depth of cross-section measured in the plane under consideration.
- b width of a column (dimension of cross-section perpendicular to h).

67. What is the live load for Dining rooms and restaurants according to ASCE ?
The live load for Dining rooms and restaurants is 4.79 kn/m2

68. What is the live load for Corridors at first floor in (schools ,Office buildings and Hotels) according to ASCE ?
The live load for Dining rooms and restaurants is 4.79 kn/m2

69. What is the Minimum live load for Corridors above first floor in (schools ,Office buildings and Hotels) according to ASCE ?
The live load for Dining rooms and restaurants is 3.83 kn/m2

70. What is the Minimum live load for class rooms in schools according to ASCE ?
The live load for Dining rooms and restaurants is 1.92 kn/m2

* All this questions for G+12 and unlimited ,If you looking for DM Exam G+12 as structural engineer you can
study the 70 questions only.
* But If you are looking for DM Exam Unlimited structural engineer you should study all papers.

* The Exam only 23 or 25 questions in 1hr but i try to covert As much as possible all exam forms.

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 * sum of explanation for dynamic be for start the questions to be easy when start solve the questions.

- P=KxΔ - P →Force
- K →Stiffnes
- Δ →Displacement

- K= P →Stiffnes
Δ

Fixed Hinged Free Fixed

K = 12 E I K= 3EI K= 3EI K= 3EI

L³ L³ L³ L³

Fixed Fixed Fixed

Hinged
- P dynamic = K.Δ + m.a + C.v - P →Force
- K →Stiffnes
- Δ →Displacement
- m →mass
- a → acceleration
- C → damping ratio
- V → velocity.

* Single Degree Of Freedom -Free Vibration -Un damped ( C=0.0)

- P dynamic = K.Δ + m.a + C.v - P dynamic = K.Δ + m.a

0.0

- ( Ꞷ ) Natural Frequency by radian.

(2 π) ‫ع دد ال دورات ف ي الثاني ة الواح دة بالنس بة لـ‬
- (Ꞷ)=2π rad /sec.

- ( f ) Circular Natural Frequency by radian.

‫ع دد ال دورات ف ي الثاني ة الواح دة‬
- f = 2Ꞷπ = sec
1 =Hz.

- ( T ) Time period.
‫ع دد ال دورات ف ي الثاني ة الواح دة‬
- T= 1 = 2 π = sec.
f Ꞷ

- ( Ꞷ ) undamped. - 9.81 →m/sec²

- 9810 →mm/sec²
- (Ꞷ)= k rad /sec. g
m - 32 →ft/sec²
- 386 →in/sec²
- ( m ) mass.

- (m)= w kn.sec²/m = slug( Ib.sec²/f t)

g

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 * sum of explanation for dynamic for single degree to find ( K ) For understanding only.

a. parallel ( K ). Δ1 Δ2
‫ف ي حال ة ت وازي‬
- P=KxΔ
- Pt = P1 + P2 K1 K2
- KT x ΔT= K1 x Δ1 + K2 x Δ2 - Because Δ1=Δ2
- So KT x ΔT= K1 x Δ1 + K2 x Δ2 - ΔT=Δ1=Δ2

- ( KT) = K1+K2.
- ΔT=Δ1=Δ2

b. Sequential ( K ). Δ2

‫ف ي حال ة توال ي‬
- P=KxΔ K2
Δ1
- Δ= P
K
- ΔT = PT - Because Δ1≠Δ2 K1
KT - ΔT=Δ1+Δ2
- PT P1 P2 - Because P1=P2
KT = K1 + K2 - PT=P1=P2 - ΔT=Δ1≠Δ2
- ΔT=Δ1+Δ2
- 1 = 1 + 1
KT K1 K2

* If ( K ) parallel ( KT) = K1+K2.

Very important to solve questions

1 1 1 ‫يج ب علي ك معرف ة ه اتين الق انونين وم تى‬

-
* If ( K ) Sequential. KT = K1 + K2 ‫تس تخدم توال ى وم تى تس تخدم ت وازي‬
‫ملحوظ ة اﻻثب ات للفه م فق ط‬

Sum of shapes to know the ( K ) is parallel or ( K ) Sequential

* parallel ( K ).
K1 K2 * Respectively ( K ). K1 Δ1
Δ1 Δ2 ( KT) = K1+K2.
- 1 1 1
KT = K1 + K2 K2
Δ2
( W) weight

W
( W) weight
K1 Δ1 K1 Δ1
K2 K2
Δ2 Δ2

* parallel ( K ). W
* Respectively ( K ).
( KT) = K1+K2. 1 = 1 + 1
-
KT K1 K2
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71. Calculate the time period (T)?
W=4550 kg
for convert to n <<The Solution >>
‫ـ‬
I=8.30x10 ³ m 4
1. Find mass m = w = 4550 x 10 = 4638.12 n.sec²/m. for convert to n/m K1 5
E=2.07x10 n/mm²
g 9.81
5 6
‫ـ‬
2. Find (K): Fixed free K = 3EI = 3 x 2.07x10 x 8.30 x 10 ³ x 10
L³ (15.30)³
K = 1439114.669 n/m
- ΔT=Δ1≠Δ2
k 1439114.669 = 17.61 - ΔT=Δ1+Δ2
3. Find ( Ꞷ ) = m = 4638.12 rad /sec.

4. Find f = 2Ꞷπ = 17.61

2 π = 2.80 Hz.

5. Find T = 1 = 1 = 0.357 sec.

f 2.80

72. Calculate the time period (T)?

<<The Solution >> K1=1750 n/m
for convert to n K1 K2=875 n/m K2
Δ1 Δ2
1. Find mass m = w = 2.27 x 10 = 2.31 n.sec²/m.
g 9.81
2. Find (K): KT = K1 + K2 = 1750+875 = 2625 n/m parallel ( K )
W=2.27 kg

3. Find ( Ꞷ ) = k = 2625 = 33.71 rad /sec.

m 2.31

4. Find f = Ꞷ = 33.71 = 5.37 Hz.

2π 2π
5. Find T = 1 = 1 = 0.186 sec.
f 5.37

73. Calculate the time period (T)?

<<The Solution >>

K1=325 kn/m
Respectively ( K )
1. Find (K): 1 = 1 + 1 = 1 + 1 = 8.205x10 ‫ـ‬³ Kn/m
KT K1 K2 325 195
1 ‫ـ‬ 1 =121.88 Kn/m K2=195 kn/m
KT =8.205x10 ³ Kn/m KT= 8.205x10 ‫ـ‬³

2. Find ( Ꞷ ) = k = 121.88 x 10³ = 21.86 rad /sec.

m 255 m= 255 n.sec²/m
for convert to n/m

3. Find f = Ꞷ = 21.86 = 3.48 Hz.

2π 2π
4. Find T = 1 = 1 = 0.287 sec.
f 3.48
If there are any mistakes, its purely due to my incomprehension and may be brought to my notice immediately by email or
whatsApp ,Please remember me in your supplications and may Allah give us all the rewards of both worlds. Aameen .
‫تروني او ال وتس‬ ‫د اﻻلك‬ ‫ف ي حال ة وجود اي أخطاء ف ذلك ي رجع فق ط ال ى عدم فهم ي ل ذا ن رجومنكم ابﻼغ ي بالبري‬
‫ آب‬.‫وﻻتنس ونا م ن ص الح ال دعاء وج زاكم ﷲ عن ا ك ل خ ير‬