Chapter 8

Mechanical Properties of Fluids

Only One Option Correct Type Questions

1. Water is filled up to a height h in a beaker of radius R as shown in the figure. The density of water is , the
surface tension of water is T and the atmospheric pressure is P0. Consider a vertical section ABCD of the water
column through a diameter of the beaker. The force on water on one side of this section by water on the other
side of this section has magnitude [IIT-JEE-2007 (Paper-2)]

2R

B
A

h
C

D
(A) |2P0Rh + R2 gh – 2RT| (B) |2P0Rh + R gh2 – 2RT|
(C) |P0R2 + R gh2 – 2RT| (D) |P0R2 + R gh2 – 2RT|
2. A glass tube of uniform internal radius (r) has a valve separating the two identical ends. Initially, the valve is
in a tightly closed position. End 1 has a hemispherical soap bubble of radius r. End 2 has sub-hemispherical
soap bubble as shown in figure. Just after opening the valve, [IIT-JEE-2008 (Paper-2)]

2
1
(A) Air from end 1 flows towards end 2. No change in the volume of the soap bubbles
(B) Air from end 1 flows towards end 2. Volume of the soap bubble at end 1 decreases
(C) No change occurs
(D) Air from end 2 flows towards end 1. Volume of the soap bubble at end 1 increases
3. A thin uniform cylindrical shell, closed at both ends, is partially filled with water. It is floating vertically in water
in half-submerged state. If c is the relative density of the material of the shell with respect to water, then the
correct statement is that the shell is [IIT-JEE-2012 (Paper-2)]
(A) More than half-filled if c is less than 0.5 (B) More than half-filled if c is more than 1.0
(C) Half-filled if c is more than 0.5 (D) Less than half-filled if c is less than 0.5

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4. A glass capillary tube is of the shape of a truncated cone with an apex angle  so that its two ends have
cross sections of different radii. When dipped in water vertically, water rises in it to a height h, where the radius
of its cross section is b. If the surface tension of water is S, its density is , and its contact angle with glass
is . the value of h will be (g is the acceleration due to gravity) [JEE (Adv)-2014 (Paper-2)]

2S 2S
(A) cos(   ) (B) cos(   )
bg bg

2S 2S
(C) cos(   /2) (D) cos(   /2)
bg bg

One or More Option(s) Correct Type Questions

5. The solid spheres A and B of equals volume but of different densities dA and dB are connected by a string.
The y are fully immersed in a fluid of density dF. They get arranged into an equilibrium state as shown in the
figure with a tension in the string. The arrangement is possible only if [IIT-JEE-2011 (Paper-2)]

(A) dA < dF (B) dB > dF

(C) dA > dF (D) dA + dB = 2dF
6. A solid sphere of radius R and density  is attached to one end of a mass-less spring of force constant k. The
other end of the spring is connected to another solid sphere of radius R and density 3. The complete arrangement
is placed in a liquid of density 2 and is allowed to reach equilibrium. The correct statement(s) is (are)
[JEE (Adv)-2013 (Paper-1)]

4R 3g 8R 3g

(A) The net elongation of the spring is (B) The net elongation of the spring is
3k 3k
(C) The light sphere is partially submerged (D) The light sphere is completely submerged
7. Two spheres P and Q of equal radii have densities 1 and 2, respectively. The spheres are connected by a
massless string and placed in liquids L1 and L2 of densities 1 and 2 and viscosities 1 and 2, respectively.
They float in equilibrium with the sphere P in L1 and sphere Q in L2 and the string being taut (see figure). If
 
sphere P alone in L2 has terminal velocity VP and Q alone in L1 has terminal velocity VQ , then
[JEE (Adv)-2015 (Paper-2)]
L1 P

L2
Q

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| VP | 1 | VP | 2
(A) | V |   (B) | V |  
Q 2 Q 1

   
(C) VP  VQ  0 (D) VP  VQ  0

8. A uniform capillary tube of inner radius r is dipped vertically into a beaker filled with water. The water rises to a
height h in the capillary tube above the water surface in the beaker. The surface tension of water is . The angle
of contact between water and the wall of the capillary tube is . Ignore the mass of water in the meniscus. Which
of the following statements is (are) true? [JEE (Adv)-2018 (Paper-1)]
(A) For a given material of the capillary tube, h decreases with increase in r
(B) For a given material of the capillary tube, h is independent of 
(C) If this experiment is performed in a lift going up with a constant acceleration, then h decreases
(D) h is proportional to contact angle 
9. Consider a thin square plate floating on a viscous liquid in a large tank. The height h of the liquid in the tank
is much less than the width of the tank. The floating plate is pulled horizontally with a constant velocity u0.
Which of the following statements is (are) true? [JEE (Adv)-2018 (Paper-2)]
(A) The resistive force of liquid on the plate is inversely proportional to h
(B) The resistive force of liquid on the plate is independent of the area of the plate
(C) The tangential (shear) stress on the floor of the tank increases with u0
(D) The tangential (shear) stress on the plate varies linearly with the viscosity  of the liquid
10. A cylindrical capillary tube of 0.2 mm radius is made by joining two capillaries T1 and T2 of different
materials having water contact angles of 0° and 60°, respectively. The capillary tube is dipped vertically in
water in two different configurations, case I and II as shown in figure. Which of the following option(s) is
(are) correct?
[Surface tension of water = 0.075 N/m, density of water = 1000 kg/m3, take g = 10 m/s2]
[JEE (Adv)-2019 (Paper-1)]

T2 T1
Case I Case II
T1 T2

(A) For case II, if the capillary joint is 5 cm above the water surface, the height of water column raised in the
tube will be 3.75 cm. (Neglect the weight of the water in the meniscus)
(B) For case I, if the joint is kept at 8 cm above the water surface, the height of water column in the tube
will be 7.5 cm. (Neglect the weight of the water in the meniscus)
(C) For case, I if the capillary joint is 5 cm above the water surface, the height of water column raised in the
tube will be more than 8.75 cm. (Neglect the weight of the water in the meniscus)
(D) The correction in the height of water column raised in the tube, due to weight of water contained in the
meniscus, will be different for both cases.

Linked Comprehension Type Questions

Paragraph for Q. Nos. 11 and 12
A fixed thermally conducting cylinder has a radius R and height L0. The cylinder is open at its bottom and has a small
hole at its top. A piston of mass M is held at a distance L from the top surface, as shown in the figure. The atmospheric
pressure is P0. [IIT-JEE-2007 (Paper-1)]

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2R

L0

Piston
Choose the correct answer :
11. While the piston is at a distance 2L from the top, the hole at the top is sealed. The piston is then released, to a
position where it can stay in equilibrium. In this condition, the distance of the piston from the top is

 2P0 R 2   P0 R 2  Mg 
  (2L )   (2L )
(A)  2  (B)  2 
 R P0  Mg   R P0 

 P0 R 2  Mg   P0 R 2 
  (2L )   (2L )
(C)  2  (D)  2 
 R P0   R P0  Mg 

12. The piston is taken completely out of the cylinder. The hole at the top is sealed. A water tank is brought below the
cylinder and put in a position so that the water surface in the tank is at the same level as the top of the cylinder as
shown in the figure. The density of the water is . In equilibrium, the height H of the water column in the cylinder
satisfies

L0

(A) g(L0 – H)2 + P0(L0 – H) + L0P0 = 0

(B) g(L0 – H)2 – P0(L0 – H) – L0P0 = 0
(C) g(L0 – H)2 + P0(L0 – H) – L0P0 = 0
(D) g(L0 – H)2 – P0(L0 – H) + L0P0 = 0
Paragraph for Q. Nos. 13 to 15

 5
A small spherical monoatomic ideal gas bubble     is trapped inside a liquid of density l (see figure). Assume that
 3
the bubble does not exchange any heat with the liquid. The bubble contains n moles of gas. The temperature of the gas
when the bubble is at the bottom is T0, the height of the liquid is H and the atmospheric pressure is P0 (Neglect surface
tension). [IIT-JEE-2008 (Paper-1)]
P0
Liquid
H
y

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Choose the correct answer :

13. As the bubble moves upwards, besides the buoyancy force the following forces are acting on it
(A) Only the force of gravity
(B) The force due to gravity and the force due to the pressure of the liquid
(C) The force due to gravity, the force due to the pressure of the liquid and the force due to viscosity of the liquid
(D) The force due to gravity and the force due to viscosity of the liquid
14. When the gas bubble is at a height y from the bottom, its temperature is

2/5 2/5
 P0   l gH   P0   l g (H  y ) 
(A) T0  
 (B) T0  

 P0   l gy   P0   l gH 

3/5 3/5
 P0   l gH   P0   l g (H  y ) 
(C) T0  
 (D) T0  

 P0   l gy   P0   l gH 

15. The buoyancy force acting on the gas bubble is (Assume R is the universal gas constant)

(P0   l gH )2 / 5  l nRgT0
(A)  l nRgT0 (B) 2/5
(P0   l gy ) 7/5
(P0   l gH ) [P0   l g (H  y )]3 / 5

(P0   l gH )3 / 5  l nRgT0
(C)  l nRgT0 (D) 3/5
(P0   l gy ) 8/5
(P0   l gH ) [P0   l g (H  y )] 2 / 5

Paragraph for Q. Nos. 16 to 18

When liquid medicine of density  is to be put in the eye, it is done with the help of a dropper. As the bulb on
the top of the dropper is pressed, a drop forms at the opening of the dropper. We wish to estimate the size of the
drop. We first assume that the drop formed at the opening is spherical because that requires a minimum increase
in its surface energy. To determine the size, we calculate the net vertical force due to the surface tension T when
the radius of the drop is R. When this force becomes smaller than the weight of the drop, the drop gets detached
from the dropper. [IIT-JEE-2010 (Paper-2)]
Choose the correct answer :
16. If the radius of the opening of the dropper is r, the vertical force due to the surface tension on the drop of radius
R(assuming r << R) is

(A) 2rT (B) 2RT

2r 2T 2R 2T
(C) (D)
R r

17. If r = 5  10–4 m,  = 103 kgm–3, g = 10 ms–2, T = 0.11 Nm–1, the radius of the drop when it detaches from the
dropper is approximately
(A) 1.4  10–3 m (B) 3.3  10–3 m
(C) 2.0  10–3 m (D) 4.1  10–3 m
18. After the drop detaches, its surface energy is
(A) 1.4  10–6 J (B) 2.7  10–6 J
(C) 5.4  10–6 J (D) 8.1  10–6 J

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Paragraph for Q. Nos. 19 and 20

A spray gun is shown in the figure where a piston pushes air out of a nozzle. A thin tube of uniform cross section
is connected to the nozzle. The other end of the tube is in a small liquid container. As the piston pushes air through
the nozzle, the liquid from the container rises into the nozzle and is sprayed out. For the spray gun shown, the
radii of the piston and the nozzle are 20 mm and 1 mm respectively. The upper end of the container is open to
the atmosphere.

[JEE (Adv)-2014 (Paper-2)]

Choose the correct answer :
19. If the piston is pushed at a speed of 5 mms–1, the air comes out of the nozzle with a speed of
(A) 0.1 ms–1 (B) 1 ms–1
(C) 2 ms–1 (D) 8 ms–1
20. If the density of air is a and that of the liquid l, then for a given piston speed the rate (volume per unit time) at
which the liquid is sprayed will be proportional to

a
(A)
l
(B) a l

l
(C) (D)  l
a

Matrix-Match / Matrix Based Type Questions

21. Column II shows five systems in which two objects are labelled as X and Y. Also in each case a point P is
shown. Column I gives some statements about X and/or Y. Match these statements to the appropriate
system(s) from Column II. [IIT-JEE-2009 (Paper-1)]
Column I Column II
(A) The forces exerted by X on Y (p) Block Y of mass M left on a fixed inclined plane X,
has a magnitude Mg slides on it with a constant velocity

Y
X

P
(B) The gravitational potential energy of X is (q) Two rings magnets Y and Z, each of mass M, are
continuously increasing kept in frictionless vertical plastic stand so that they
repel each other. Y rests on the base X and Z hangs
in air in equilibrium. P is the topmost point of the
stand on the common axis of the two rings. The
whole system is in a lift that is going up with a
constant velocity

P
Z

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(C) Mechanical energy of the system X + Y is (r) A pulley Y of mass m0 is fixed to a table through a
continuously decreasing clamp X, A block of mass M hangs from a string
that goes over the pulley and is fixed at point P of
the table. The whole system down is kept in a lift
that is going with a constant velocity

P Y

(D) The torque of the weight of Y (s) A sphere Y of mass M is put in a nonviscous liquid
about point P is zero X kept in a container at rest. The sphere is released
and it moves down in the liquid

P
(t) A sphere Y of mass M is falling with its terminal
velocity in a viscous liquid X kept in a container

P
22. A person in lift is holding a water jar, which has a small hole at the lower end of its side. When the lift is at
rest, the water jet coming out of the hole hits the floor of the lift at a distance d of 1.2 m from the person. In
the following, state of the lift's motion is given in List I and the distance where the water jet hits the floor of
the lift is given in List II. Match the statements from List I with those in List II and select the correct answer
using the code given below the lists. [JEE (Adv)-2014 (Paper-2)]
List-I List-II
P. Lift is accelerating vertically up 1. d = 1.2 m
Q. Lift is accelerating vertically down 2. d > 1.2 m
with an acceleration less than the
gravitational acceleration
R. Lift is moving vertically up 3. d < 1.2 m
with constant speed
S. Lift is falling freely 4. No water leaks out of the jar
Code :
(A) P-2, Q-3, R-2, S-4
(B) P-2, Q-3, R-1, S-4
(C) P-1, Q-1, R-1, S-4
(D) P-2, Q-3, R-1, S-1

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Integer / Numerical Value Type Questions

23. A cylindrical vessel of height 500 mm has an orifice (small hole) at its bottom. The orifice is initially closed
and water is filled in it up to height H. Now the top is completely sealed with a cap and the orifice at the bottom
is opened. Some water comes out from the orifice and the water level in the vessel becomes steady with
height of water column being 200 mm. Find the fall in height (in mm) of water level due to opening of the orifice.
[Take atmospheric pressure = 1.0 × 105 N/m2, density of water = 1000 kg/m3 and g = 10 m/s2. Neglect any
effect of surface tension.] [IIT-JEE-2009 (Paper-2)]
24. Two soap bubbles A and B are kept in a closed chamber where the air is maintained at pressure 8 N/m2. The
radii of bubbles A and B are 2 cm and 4 cm, respectively. Surface tension of the soap-water used to make
bubbles is 0.04 N/m. Find the ratio nB/nA, where nA and nB are the number of moles of air in bubbles A and
B, respectively. [Neglect the effect of gravity.] [IIT-JEE-2009 (Paper-2)]
25. Consider two solid spheres P and Q each of density 8 gm cm–3 and diameters 1 cm and 0.5 cm, respectively.
Sphere P is dropped into a liquid of density 0.8 gm cm–3 and viscosity  = 3 poiseuilles. Sphere Q is dropped
into a liquid of density 1.6 gm cm–3 and viscosity  = 2 poiseuilles. The ratio of the terminal velocities of
P and Q is [JEE (Adv)-2016 (Paper-1)]

‰ ‰ ‰

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