Name : Shofia Debora Pasaribu

NIM : 4213121037

1. A block with a base measuring 40 cm x 30 cm and a height of 2 m stands upright on top

flat floor. If the mass of the block is 30 kg and the acceleration due to gravity is 10 ms-2,
then the pressure is great the beam against the floor is.

Answer :

Known : m = 30 kg

m
g = 10 2
s

p = 40 cm = 0,4 m

l = 30 cm = 0,3 m

h=2m

Asking : P = ?

Solution : A = p x l = 0,4 m x 0,3 m = 0,12 m

m
F = m x g = 30 kg x 10 2 = 300 N
s

So, P = F/A = 300 N / 0,12 m = 2500 Nm−2

2. Perhatikan gambar di bawah ini!

If the air pressure po = 1 atm, air = 1000 kg m-3 and g = 10 ms-2, then the hydrostatic pressure
at point A is..

Answer :

m
Known : g=10 2
s
 3. If the air pressure at the surface of the water is 1.01 x 105 Nm-2, the density of the water
is 1000 kg m-3 and the acceleration due to gravity is 9.8 ms-2, then the pressure at a
depth of 100 meters below the water surface in pascals is

Answer :

Known : P0=1 , 01 ×105 N /m2

ρ=¿ 1000 kg/m3

g= 9,8 m/ s2

h = 100 m

Asking = P = ?

Solution : P = P0 + ρ . g .h

= 1 , 01× 105 N /m2 + 1000 kg/m3. 9,8 m/ s2. 100 m

= 980.000 Pa

= 9,8 x 105 Pa

4. A capillary tube with a radius of (1/5)3 mm is inserted perpendicularly into a liquid (

= 1.25 g cm-3). If the surface tension of the liquid is 2.5 x 10-2 N/m, the contact angle of
the liquid with the pipe is 30o and the acceleration due to gravity is 10 ms-2, then the rise
in the liquid in the pipe in centimeters is

Answer :

Known : ρ=¿ 1,25 x 1000 kg/m3

g= 10 m/ s2

1
r= √3 × 0,001 m
5

−2 N
T = 2,5 X 10
m

π
θ=30° × rad
8

Asking : h=?
 2T cos θ
Solution : h =
rρg

h=
(
2 2 ,5 X 10−2
N
m ) π
cos 30 °× rad
8
1
√3 × 0,001 m×1 , 25 x 1000 kg /m3 ×10 m/s 2
5

π
0 ,05 × cos
h= 6
0,00000173205080757.1250 .10

h ≈ 0. 020014565 m
= 0,02 cm

5. Two soap bubbles A and B are made of the same material. The radius of bubble A = 7/5 x
the radius of bubble B. The ratio of the tension difference inside and outside between
bubbles A and B is

7
Answer : Known = R A = R
5 B

∆ T A 2σ A R B
= .
∆ T B R A 2 σB

σ A=σ B =σ

∆ T A 2σ A R B 2 σ RB 5 5
. = . 1=
= . = 7 2σB 7 7 =5:7
∆ T B R A 2 σB R
5 B

6. Note the water tank leak at hole P from a certain height in the picture below (g=10 ms-2).
The water that comes out of the hole P will fall to the ground after time t =
Answer :

Known : h1= 1 m

X=2m

H tanah ke dasar tangki = 4 m

Asking : t=?

Solution = v=√ 2 g h1 = √ 2.10 .1 = √ 20 = √2 5 m/s

X=vxt

2 = √2 5 m/s x t

2 1
=t= 2
√5 m/ s
2
√5 m/ s
1
t= √5 s
5

7. Mercury in connected vessels has a surface difference of 2 cm (density = 13.6 gr cm^3).

The left leg contains liquid whose height is 25 cm, meaning the density of the liquid is...

Answer : known =

h zat cair =25 cm

hraksa =2 cm
3
ρraksa =13 , 6 g/cm

Asking : ρ zat cair =?

Solution = ρ zat cair =ρraksa

ρ zat cair. g.h zat cair =ρ raksa . g . hraksa

 ρraksa . hraksa
ρ zat cair =
h zat cair

13 ,6 .2
ρ zat cair =
25

g kg
ρ zat cair =1,088 3 = 1088 3
cm m

8. An object floats on the surface of water covered in oil with 50% of the object's volume in
the water and 30% in the oil and the remainder on the oil surface. If the density of oil=0.8
g/𝑐𝑚3 then the density of the object is....gram/𝑐𝑚3

Answer :

Known : vt-air = 50% V b

vt-minyak = 30% V b

gr
ρminyak =0 , 8
cm3

gr
ρair =1
cm3

Asking = ρbenda =?

Solution : F A=w

ρ f . g,V bt =ρb . g . V b

ρ f ,V bt = ρb . V b

ρair . V bt −air + ρ minyak .V bt −minyak= ρb . V b

1.50%V b +0 , 8.30 % V b=ρb . V b

gr
ρb =0 , 5+0 , 24=0 ,74
cm 3

9. A lump of ice is floating in water and it turns out that the volume of ice in the air is
10𝑐𝑚3. If the density of water is 1𝑔⁄𝑚3 and the density of ice is 0.9 𝑔/𝑐𝑚3, the total
volume of the block is.... 𝑐𝑚3

ρbalok V tenggelam
Answer : =
ρair V balok
0 , 9 V b−10 2
= =100 cm
1 Vb

10. A wooden raft measuring 3 m x 3 m x 1 m is floated in sea water. If the density of wood
is 150 kg/m3 and the density of sea water is 1020 kg/m3 , then the maximum load is can
be carried by the raft is

Answer :

kg
Known : ρkayu =150 3
m

kg
ρair =120 3
m

V rakit =¿ 3 m x 3 m x 1 m = 9m 3

Asking : Beban maksimum = ?

kg
Solution : W fluida= ρair × V rakit =120 3
×9m3=9180 kg
m

kg 3
m rakit =ρ kayu × V rakit =150 3
× 9 m =1350 kg
m

Beban maksimum = W fluida – mrakit

Bebasn maksimum = 9180 kg−1350 kg=7830 kg

ESSAY

1. A nail is about to be driven into a piece of wood. How much pressure does the nail exert
on wood if the contact area between the tip of the nail and the wood is 0.28 mm2 and the
nail hit with a force of 50 N?

Answer :

Known : A= 0,28 mm 2 = 0,28 ×10−6 m2

F = 50 N

Asking : P : ?

Solution : P = F/A= 50 N x 0,28 ×10−6 m2 =178 ,57 kPa

 2. A solid (not hollow) cube made of brass with a rib length of 4 cm, is completely
immersed in oil (density of water = 0.8 g cm-3). The density of brass is 8.4 g cm-3 and
the acceleration due to gravity is 10 m s-2. How much:
a) Volume of oil displaced by the cube?
b) Weight of oil displaced by the cube?
c) The upward force exerted by the oil on the cube?
d) Weight of cube in oil?

Answer :

Known : s = 4 cm = 0,4 m

m
g = 10 2
s

ρair =0 ,8 gcm−3 =800 kg /m−3

ρkuningan = 8,4 gcm−3 =8400 kg /m−3

Asking : a,b,c,d ?

Solution :

a) Volume of oil displaced = volume of cube

Vkubus = s3 = 0 , 4 3= 0,000064 m3

Vkubus = massa kubus x ρkuningan

Massa kubus = ρkuningan x Vkubus

Massa kubus = 8400 kg /m−3 × 0,000064 m3 = 0,5376 kg

So , the Volume of oil displaced = 0, 000064 kg

b) Wair = ρair x Voil = 800 kg /m−3x 0, 000064 kg = 0,0512 kg

c) Gaya ke atas yang dikerjakan pada minyak dapat juga dimaksudkan sebagai gaya apung.

m
Fapung = Wair x g = 0,0512 kg x 10 2
=0,512 N
s

d) Weight of cube in oil

m
Wkubus = (massa kubus x g) x Fapung = (0,5376 kg x 10 2
¿−0,512 N
s
= 4,864 N
 3. A wooden block is placed in water. What is the density of the block if 3/5 what part of
the block is above the water surface? (density of water = 1000 kg m^-3).

Answer :

Known : ρair = 1000 kg /m−3

Asking : ρbalok =?

2 2
ρair × ×V total × g=ρbalok × ×V total × g
5 5

2 2
ρair × ×=¿ ρbalok ×
5 5

ρair = ρbalok

So, the density (ρ) of the wooden block is the density of water (ρ_water), which is 1000 kg/m³.

4. A metal alloy made from a mixture of metals A and B has a weight of 12 N in air. In
water the weight of the metal alloy is 11.1 N. Calculate the mass of each metal A and
metal B in the mixture if the density of metal A = 16 g cm-3, the density of metal B = 8 g
cm 3 and the acceleration due to gravity = 10 m s-2!

Answer :

Known : F udara= 12 N

F air= 11,1 N

ρ A = 16 gcm−3 =16000 kg/m3

ρ B= 8 gcm−3 =8000 kg /m3

m
g= 10 2
s

Asking : mA & Mb = ?

Solution :

 Mencari gaya apung

F apung=F udara−F air

F apung=12 N−11 ,1 N
F apung=0 ,9 N

` F apung=ρ air ×V × g

F apung 0,9 N 3
= =0,00009 m
V=
( )( )
ρ air× g kg m
1000 3 × 10 2
m s

kg 3
m A =ρ A ×V =16000 3
× 0,00009 m =1, 44 kg
m

kg 3
m B =ρB ×V =8000 3
×0,00009 m =0 , 72 kg
m

So, the respective masses of metal A and metal B in the mixture are 1.44 kg and 0.72 kg,
respectively.

5. Gambar di bawah ini memperlihatkan sebuah kawat berbentuk U yang dipasangi

sepotong kawat lurus AB yang dapat bergerak bebas.

Susunan kawat tersebut kemudian dimasukkan ke dalam larutan sabun. Agar terjadi
keseimbangan, kawat AB diberi beban 0,4 gram. Berapakah tegangan permukaan sabun itu
apabila panjang kawat AB 20 cm, massa kawat AB 0,6 gram dan percepatan gravitasi 10 ms-2 ?.

Answer :

m
Known : g=10 2
s

L = 20 cm = 0,2 m

M = 0,6 g = 0,0006 kg

Asking : T = ?

m
m. g 0,0006 kg ×10 2
Solution : T = = s
2L =0 ,03 N /m
2 × 0 ,2 m
 6. Sebuah gelembung air yang berjari-jari 1,2 cm mempunyai tegangan permukaan 72,8
dyne/cm. Hitunglah perbedaan tegangan di dalam dan di luar gelembung tersebut ?

Answer :

Known : T = 72,8 dyne/cm

R = 1,2 cm

Asking : ∆ P=?

∆ P=2T / R = 2 x 72,8 dyne/cm x 1,2 cm = 121 dyne/cm^2

7. Air mengalir pada pipa seperti gambar di bawah ini. Laju aliran pada bagian A 0,6 m/s
dan pada bagian B 4 m/s. Hitunglah perbedaan tekanan pada bagian A dan bagian B ( g =
10 ms-2 )

Answer:

Known : v A =0 , 6 m/ s

v B= 4 m/s

g = 10 ms-2
2
A sayap=20 m

Asking : ∆ P AB =?

2 m
Solution : ∆ h A=Va ×2 × g=0 , 6 m/s × 2× 10 −2
=¿ 0,018 m
s

2 m
∆ hB =Vb × 2× g=0 , 4 m/s × 2×10 −2
=¿ 0,8 m
s
 3 m
∆ P A =ρ . g .h=1000 kg m ×10 −2
×0,018 m=180 Pa
s

3 m
∆ P B=ρ . g . h=1000 kg m ×10 −2
×0 , 8 m=8000 Pa
s

∆ P AB =∆ PB −∆ P A =8000 Pa−180 Pa=7820 Pa=7 , 82 kPa

8. Sebuah pesawat terbang memiliki luas permukaan sayap 20 m2 . Pesawat itu terbang
dengan kecepatan tertentu sehingga udara mengalir pada bagian atas sayap dengan laju
70 m/s dan pada bagian bawahnya 60 m/s. Massa jenis udara 1,3 kg m-3 . Hitunglah
besar gaya angkat pada sayap pesawat tersebut!

Answer :

kg
Known : ρ=1, 3 3
m

m
V bawah=60
s

m
V atas =70
s

[( ) ( ) ]
2 2
kg m m
∆ P=0 , 5× 1 ,3 3
× 60 − 70
m s s

∆ P=0 , 5× 1 ,3
kg
m
3
×
[(
3600
m2
s
2
− )(
4900
m2
s
2 )]
( )
2
kg m
∆ P=0 , 5× 1 ,3 3
× −1300 2
m s

N
∆ P=−845 2
m

F angkat =∆ P × A sayap

N
= (−845 2
2 ) x (20 m ¿
m

F angkat = -16900 N