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    Ammonia Plant 2520Location&Layout

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    api-3714811
    The document discusses factors to consider when selecting a site and laying out a process plant. Key factors for site selection include location relative to markets and raw materials, transport access, labor availability, land suitability, and environmental/community impact. The plant layout must optimize for construction/operating costs, process requirements, convenience of operation and maintenance, safety, and future expansion. Process equipment must be arranged efficiently within the plant and auxiliary services like canteens incorporated into the site planning.

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    Ammonia Plant 2520Location&Layout

    Uploaded by

    api-3714811
    726 views4 pages
    The document discusses factors to consider when selecting a site and laying out a process plant. Key factors for site selection include location relative to markets and raw materials, transport access, labor availability, land suitability, and environmental/community impact. The plant layout must optimize for construction/operating costs, process requirements, convenience of operation and maintenance, safety, and future expansion. Process equipment must be arranged efficiently within the plant and auxiliary services like canteens incorporated into the site planning.

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    The document discusses factors to consider when selecting a site and laying out a process plant. Key factors for site selection include location relative to markets and raw materials, transport access, labor availability, land suitability, and environmental/community impact. The plant layout must optimize for construction/operating costs, process requirements, convenience of operation and maintenance, safety, and future expansion. Process equipment must be arranged efficiently within the plant and auxiliary services like canteens incorporated into the site planning.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    726 views4 pages

    Ammonia Plant 2520Location&Layout

    Uploaded by

    api-3714811
    The document discusses factors to consider when selecting a site and laying out a process plant. Key factors for site selection include location relative to markets and raw materials, transport access, labor availability, land suitability, and environmental/community impact. The plant layout must optimize for construction/operating costs, process requirements, convenience of operation and maintenance, safety, and future expansion. Process equipment must be arranged efficiently within the plant and auxiliary services like canteens incorporated into the site planning.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 4

    PLANT LAYOUT

    SITE LAYOUT

    The location of the plant can have a turning effect on the overall viability of a
    process plant, and the scope for future expansion. Many factors must be
    considered when selecting a suitable plant site. The most important factors are as
    follows :
    • Location, with respect to the marketing area
    • Raw material supply
    • Transport facilities
    • Availability of labor
    • Availability of suitable land
    • Environmental impact and effluent disposal
    • Local community consideration
    • Climate
    • Political and strategic consideration
    In addition to the main plant , we also have to consider the associated services
    which have to be amalgamated within a particular plant site. Canteens, parks,
    general utilies, emergency medical services and places for storage must also be
    taken into consideration while deciding on a particular site.

    PLANT LAYOUT

    The economic construction and operation of a process unit will depend on how
    well the plant equipment specified on the process flow sheet and laid out.

    The principal factors to be considered are:

    1. Economic consideration: construction and operation cost.


    2. The process requirement
    3. Convenience of operation
    4. convenience of maintenance
    5. Safety
    6. Future expansion
    COSTS:

    The cost of construction can be minimized by adopting a layout that gives


    shortest run of connecting pipes between equipment, and adopting the least
    amount of structural steel work. However, this will not necessarily be the best
    arrangement for operation and maintenance.

    PROCESS REQUIREMENT:

    All the required equipments have to be placed properly within process. Even the
    installation of the auxiliaries should be done in such a way that it will occupy the
    least space.

    OPERATION

    Equipment that needs to have frequent operation should be located convenient


    to the control room. Valves, sample points, and instruments should be located at
    convenient position and height. Sufficient working space and headroom must be
    provided to allow easy access to equipment.

    MAINTENANCE

    Heat exchangers need to be sited so that the tube bundles can be easily
    withdrawn for cleaning and tube replacement. Vessels that require frequent
    replacement of catalyst or packing should be located on the outside of buildings.
    Equipment that requires dismantling for maintenance, such as compressors and
    large pumps, should be placed under cover.

    SAFETY

    Blast walls may be needed to isolate potentially hazardous equipment, and


    confine the effects of an explosion.
    At least two escape routes for operator must beprovided from each level in the
    process building.
    ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS
    In the manufacturing of ammonia, there arises a need to vent gases and to
    remove condensates. These liquid and gaseous effluents and the chemicals used
    in the process may tend to pollute the environment.

    The main source of gaseous ammonia emission are from the inert gas purge and
    from the ammonia storage section of the ammonia plant. In the case of non
    functioning or breakdown of the equipment large quantity of ammonia emission
    increases ammonia concentration in the atmosphere.

    The liquid effluents contain dissolved ammonia and dissolved Carbon dioxide.
    The toxic effect of ammonia depends upon the concentration of free ammonia. Its
    presence in water leads to suffocation of aquatic life forms.

    Also there is the possibility of emission of particulate matter like Carbon oxides
    of Sulfur etc. These may removed by electrostatic precipitation or vacuum
    filtration.

    Pollution Control
    This may be achieved by
    1 . Segregation of effluent streams
    2 . Control of particulate matter by
    a) Mechanical separators
    b) Wet Scrubbers
    c) Fabric filters and electrostatic precipitators.
    Ammonia may be removed by any of the following methods

    Ammonia removal technique Concentration


    Steam stripping 3.4 wt %
    Air stripping >1500 ppm
    Simple lagooning after PH adjustment 1500 ppm
    Biological treatment About 700 ppm

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