UDA2182 Universal Dual Analyzer Product Manual: 70-82-25-119 February 2005
UDA2182 Universal Dual Analyzer Product Manual: 70-82-25-119 February 2005
UDA2182 Universal Dual Analyzer Product Manual: 70-82-25-119 February 2005
70-82-25-119
February 2005
WARRANTY/REMEDY
Honeywell warrants goods of its manufacture as being free of defective materials and faulty
workmanship. Contact your local sales office for warranty information. If warranted goods are
returned to Honeywell during the period of coverage, Honeywell will repair or replace without charge
those items it finds defective. The foregoing is Buyer's sole remedy and is in lieu of all other
warranties, expressed or implied, including those of merchantability and fitness for a particular
purpose. Specifications may change without notice. The information we supply is believed to be
accurate and reliable as of this printing. However, we assume no responsibility for its use.
While we provide application assistance personally, through our literature and the Honeywell web
site, it is up to the customer to determine the suitability of the product in the application.
Abstract
This document provides descriptions and procedures for the Installation, Configuration, Operation, and Troubleshooting of
your UDA2182 Universal Dual Analyzer.
Contacts
World Wide Web
The following lists Honeywell’s World Wide Web sites that will be of interest to our customers.
Corporate http://www.honeywell.com
Telephone
Contact us by telephone at the numbers listed below.
Symbol Definition
This CAUTION symbol on the equipment refers the user to the Product Manual for
additional information. This symbol appears next to required information in the manual.
WARNING
PERSONAL INJURY: Risk of electrical shock. This symbol warns the user of a
potential shock hazard where HAZARDOUS LIVE voltages greater than 30 Vrms, 42.4
Vpeak, or 60 VDC may be accessible. Failure to comply with these instructions could
result in death or serious injury.
Protective Earth (PE) terminal. Provided for connection of the protective earth (green
or green/yellow) supply system conductor.
Functional earth terminal. Used for non-safety purposes such as noise immunity
improvement. NOTE: This connection shall be bonded to protective earth at the source
of supply in accordance with national local electrical code requirements.
Earth Ground. Functional earth connection. NOTE: This connection shall be bonded to
Protective earth at the source of supply in accordance with national and local electrical
code requirements.
Chassis Ground. Identifies a connection to the chassis or frame of the equipment shall
be bonded to Protective Earth at the source of supply in accordance with national and
local electrical code requirements.
1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................... 1
1.1 Overview.........................................................................................................................................1
1.2 Features ...........................................................................................................................................2
6 CONFIGURATION............................................................................................... 30
6.1 Overview.......................................................................................................................................30
6.2 UDA2182 Block Diagram ............................................................................................................31
6.3 Main Setup Menu..........................................................................................................................32
6.4 Basic Configuration Procedure .....................................................................................................33
6.4.1 General Rules for Editing...................................................................................................33
8 INPUT CALIBRATION......................................................................................... 77
8.1 Overview.......................................................................................................................................77
8.2 Calibration Menu ..........................................................................................................................78
8.3 pH/ORP and Conductivity Overview ...........................................................................................79
8.4 Recommendations for Successful Measurement and Calibration.................................................80
8.5 pH Calibration...............................................................................................................................81
8.6 ORP Calibration............................................................................................................................91
8.7 Conductivity Calibration...............................................................................................................97
8.8 Dissolved Oxygen Calibration ....................................................................................................103
13 APPENDICES.................................................................................................... 130
13.1 Table of Contents ....................................................................................................................130
13.2 Appendix A – Entering Values for Lead Resistance Compensation.......................................131
13.3 Appendix B - Cyanide Waste Treatment.................................................................................133
13.4 Appendix C – Chrome Waste Treatment ................................................................................137
13.5 Appendix D – Two-cell Applications .....................................................................................141
13.6 Appendix E – Using a Precision Check Resistor (For Conductivity) ....................................145
13.7 Appendix F – Noise Testing, Dissolved Oxygen Application ................................................147
13.8 Appendix G – DO Probe and Analyzer Tests .........................................................................148
13.9 Appendix H – Parameters Affecting Dissolved Oxygen Measurement ..................................151
13.10 Appendix I – Discussion on Chemical Interferences on Measured DO Currents................152
13.11 Appendix J – Percent Saturation Readout ...........................................................................155
13.12 Appendix K – Leak Detection in PPB Applications............................................................156
13.13 Appendix L – Procedure for Low Level ppb Dissolved Oxygen Testing ...........................157
1 Introduction
1.1 Overview
Multi-function instrument
The UDA2182 Universal Dual Analyzer is the next level of dual channel analyzers
providing unprecedented versatility and flexibility.
The UDA2182 can accept single or dual inputs from Honeywell pH, ORP (Oxidation
Reduction Potential), contacting Conductivity and Dissolved Oxygen sensors.
Measurements for Dual channel units can be arranged in any combination of
measurement (See Model Selection Guide).
User interface
“Process Information at a Glance” is a unique feature of the UDA2182 graphical backlit
LCD.
Two PV values with corresponding UOM (unit of measure), temperature, alarm state,
scales, and limits, tagging, and status messages can be displayed simultaneously.
Ten dedicated keys provide direct access to Setup configuration menus and sub-menus
and Calibration.
Easy to configure
Menu-driven configuration of the UDA2182 is intuitive, fast and easy. A Setup menu is
provided for every configuration task. You will be permitted to configure only those
parameters relevant to your application and supported by the Analyzer model you
purchased.
In fact, Setup configuration screens will contain only prompts and menu choices that
apply to your application.
Multi-language prompts guide the operator step-by-step through the configuration
process assuring quick and accurate entry of all configurable parameters. Five languages
are available via configuration: English, French, German, Spanish and Italian.
Inputs
Analytical measurements of pH, ORP, Conductivity and Dissolved Oxygen (ppm or ppb)
can all be done in one analyzer. The unit can be used as a single input or dual input
instrument – the user decides what measurements are included. The input boards are
factory calibrated and easily replaced. Addition of additional relays or an analog output is
done with a single board. The “Mix –n- Match” design reduces inventory and increases
flexibility. A user can purchase a basic unit and then add input and output boards as
needed.
Outputs
Two standard Analog outputs 0 –20 or 4–20 mAdc, 750 ohms maximum, isolated from
inputs, ground, and each other, and independently assignable to any parameters and
ranges Proportional to user-set output range(s) of selected parameter(s).
One optional Analog output 0 –20 or 4–20 mAdc, 750 ohms maximum, isolated from
inputs, ground, and each other, and independently assignable to any parameters and
ranges.
Relays
Two 4A SPDT alarm/control relays are standard; with an additional two 4A relays
available as an option.
Infrared Communications
The infrared connection provides a non-intrusive wireless connection with the instrument
and maintains its weathertight integrity when combined with the optional PIE (Process
Instrument Explorer).
No need to get access to the back of the analyzer to communicate with the instrument, no
need to take your screw driver to wire the communication cable, no wiring mistake
possible. You can now duplicate an instrument’s configuration, upload or download a
new configuration in a matter of seconds, just by pointing your Pocket PC in the direction
of the instrument.
1.2 Features
Standard and solution temperature compensation
Measured pH temperature is compensated in one of two ways. Electrode temperature
sensitivity is automatically compensated to display the correct pH value at temperature.
In addition, displayed pH can be optionally normalized to a solution temperature of 25°C
as determined by the current Solution Temperature Coefficient, which is expressed in
units of pH/°C with precision to the hundredths decimal place. The parameter “Solu
Temp Coeff” allows the selection of Pure Water, Ammonia, Phosphate, Morpholine, and
Custom or None (User Entry).
Measured Conductivity and Resistivity can optionally be temperature compensated to
25°C for a specific solution type. TDS and concentration are always measured based on a
specific solution type. The cell constant and measurement type determines which solution
types are available for selection.
Dissolved Oxygen accurately measures the concentration of dissolved oxygen in water.
The Analyzer energizes the probe and receives dissolved oxygen and temperature signals.
Optional salinity compensation is provided. The Analyzer provides for Air or Sample
calibration with ambient temperature and atmospheric pressure compensation.
Computed Variables
For units with dual inputs of the same measurement, computed values can be configured.
For example with Dual Conductivity, %Rejection/Passage, Difference, or Ratio can be
displayed and assigned to the outputs or alarms.
Password protection
Keyboard security protects configuration and calibration data. A password (up to four
digits) can be configured. If the security feature is enabled, the password will be required
to access configuration and calibration software functions.
Diagnostic/Failsafe Outputs
Continuous diagnostic routines detect failure modes, trigger a failsafe output value and
identify the failure to minimize troubleshooting time. The UDA2182 Analyzer performs
extensive self-diagnostics as a background task during normal operation. If a problem is
detected, a message is displayed on the Message stripe to alert the operator. In addition,
the operator can initiate keypad and display tests using Maintenance Menu functions.
Key Number - Dual Input Analyzer Stock Part No. Selection Availability
Analytical Analyzer 50003691-501 UDA2182
TABLE V - Options
None (Panel mounting only) N/A 0___
Mounting Hardware
Pipe and wall mounting hardware 50001023-501 P___
CD Only (English) 50003501-501 _0__
Instruction Books Additional Paper Copy:
English 70-82-25-119 _E__
None N/A __0_
Certificates
Calibration & Conformance N/A __C_
No N/A ___0
PID Control
Yes N/A ___C
ATTENTION
The emission limits of EN61326 are designed to provide reasonable protection
against harmful interference when this equipment is operated in an industrial
environment. Operation of this equipment in a residential area may cause harmful
interference. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency
energy and may cause interference to radio and television reception when the
equipment is used closer than 30 meters (98 feet) to the antenna (e). In special
cases, when highly susceptible apparatus is used in close proximity, the user may
have to employ additional mitigating measures to further reduce the
electromagnetic emissions of this equipment.
WARNING
If this equipment is used in a manner not specified by the manufacturer, the
protection provided by the equipment may be impaired.
3.1 Overview
Introduction
This section contains instructions for unpacking, preparing, and mounting the Analyzer.
Instructions for wiring are provided in Section 4 (power wiring) and Section 7. Software
configuration is described in Section 6.
The UDA2182 Analyzer can be panel, wall, or pipe mounted.
Each unit has (4) 22.22mm[.87"] dia. holes on the bottom of the unit for lead wires and
conduit fittings. The user supplies the conduit fittings.
ATTENTION
When installing the unit, you must select appropriate watertight fittings to insure
watertight integrity.
3.1 Overview 8
3.2 Unpacking and Preparing 9
3.3 Mounting 9
ATTENTION
For prolonged storage or for shipment, the instrument should be kept in its shipping container.
Do not remove shipping clamps or covers. Store in a suitable environment only (see specifications
in Section 2).
2 Compare the contents of the shipping container with the packing list.
• Notify the carrier and Honeywell immediately if there is equipment damage or shortage.
• Do not return goods without contacting Honeywell in advance.
3 Remove any shipping ties or packing material. Follow the instructions on any attached
tags, and then remove such tags.
4 All UDA2182 Analyzers are calibrated and tested at the factory prior to shipment. Examine
the model number on the nameplate to verify that the instrument has the correct optional
features. (See Section 2.2 for model number breakdown.)
5 Select an installation location that meets the specifications in Section 2. The UDA2182
can be panel-, wall-, or pipe-mounted (see Section 3.3).
ATTENTION
Pipe mounting is not recommended if the pipe is subject to severe vibration. Excessive vibration
may affect system performance.
6 If extremely hot or cold objects are near the installation location, provide radiant heat
shielding for the instrument.
3.3 Mounting
Introduction
The Analyzer can be mounted on either a vertical or tilted panel or can be pipe or wall
mounted (option) using the mounting kit supplied. Overall dimensions and panel cutout
requirements for mounting the analyzer are shown in Figure 3-1. Pipe mounting is
shown in Figure 3-3. Wall Mounting is shown in Figure 3-4.
The analyzer’s mounting enclosure must be grounded according to CSA standard C22.2
No. 0.4 or Factory Mutual Class No. 3820 paragraph 6.1.5.
Before mounting the analyzer, refer to the nameplate on the outside of the case and make
a note of the model number. It will help later when selecting the proper wiring
configuration.
+1
Panel Cutout 138 -0
[5.03] +.04
-0
156
[6.14]
Pipe Mounting
The analyzer can be mounted Vertically or Horizontally on a pipe. Use the bracket and
hardware supplied in the mounting kit.
Select 1 inch or 2 inch U-Bolt.
ATTENTION
Pipe mounting is not recommended if the pipe is subject to severe vibration. Excessive
vibration may affect system performance.
195.1
[7.68]
97.5
[3.84]
188.1 77.4
[7.40] [3.05]
156
[6.14]
Do not over
1 or 2 inch Vertical Rear Pipe Mounting
tighten fasteners
4.5Nm (40 Lb-in) of
torque max.
97.5 97.5
188.1 [3.84] [3.84]
[7.40]
78
[3.07]
78
[3.07]
195.06
[7.680]
Left hand
Side View
97.53
[3.840]
195.1
195.1 [7.68]
97.5 [7.68]
[3.84]
83.9
38.5 [3.30]
[1.51]
77 Front View
[3.03] Mounting Bracket
Horizontal
83.9
[3.30]
83.9
[3.30]
167.8
[6.61]
Front View
Mounting Bracket
Vertical
38.5
[1.52]
77
[3.03]
4 Power Wiring
4.1 Overview
Introduction
This section contains instructions for installing ac power wiring for the Analyzer, in
preparation for performing configuration setup as described in Section 6.
We recommend that you wait to install input and output wiring (See Section 7) until after
Configuration Setup. During configuration the software will determine for you, which
relay to use for each feature.
4.1 Overview 14
4.2 General Wiring Practices 15
4.3 Power Wiring Considerations 16
4.4 Installing Power Wiring 16
Safety precaution
WARNING
A disconnect switch must be installed to break all current
carrying conductors. Turn off power before working on
conductors. Failure to observe this precaution may result in
serious personal injury.
WARNING
An external disconnect switch is required for any hazardous
voltage connections to the relay outputs.
In applications where either the power, input or output wiring are subject to
electromagnetic disturbances, shielding techniques will be required. Grounded metal
conduit with conductive conduit fittings is recommended.
Connect the AC mains through a fused disconnect switch.
Conform to code
Instrument wiring should conform to regulations of the National Electrical Code.
WARNING
The ground terminal must be connected to a reliable earth
ground for proper operation and to comply with OSHA and
other safety codes. If metal conduit is used, connect a bonding
wire between conduits. Do not rely upon the conductive coating
of the instrument case to provide this connection. Failure to
observe this precaution may result in serious personal injury.
ATTENTION
The Unit may be damaged if you apply power with the wrong voltage.
2 With Power off, open the case:
• Loosen the four captive screws on the front of the bezel.
• Grasp the bezel on the right side. Lift the bezel gently and swing the bezel open to the left.
3 Refer to Figure 7-1 for the location of the printed wiring board retainer. Loosen the two
screws that hold the retainer and slide the retainer to the left until the retainer tabs
disengage from the terminal boards.
4 Refer to Figure 7-1 for the location of the Power Supply/Analog Output/Relay Output board.
Insert a screwdriver into the hole in the middle of the terminal board and pull out gently.
Slide the board half way out. There is a notch in the terminal board into which you can slide
the retainer tabs and hold the board in place while wiring.
Step Action
5 Install a fused disconnect switch in the power line that will be connected to the Analyzer.
•If a 230/240 Vac line is to be connected, use a 0.15 amp fuse.
•If a 110/120 Vac line is to be connected, use a 0.30 amp fuse.
Fuse must be a Time-Delay or Slo-Blo type.
6 Each unit has (4) 22.22mm[.87"] dia. holes on the bottom of the unit for lead wires and
conduit fittings. Conduit fittings to be supplied by the user.
Feed the power wiring through the wiring port on the bottom of the case. Connect the power
wiring to terminals L1 and L2/N as shown in Figure 4-1.
Attention: Terminal 1 must be connected to the ground stud on the grounding bar using
a #14 AWG UL/CSA-approved wire.
7 Slide the retainer to the left then slide the terminal board back into place. Slide retainer to
engage the tabs and tighten the screws.
8 Close the Bezel and secure four captive screws to a torque value of .20 Nm (1.5 Lb-in).
Power up the unit.
Do not apply power until the bezel is closed.
AC Hot L1 3
AC N L2 2
1 Terminal 1
Grounding Stud
on Case
5.1 Overview
Introduction
This section contains instructions for operating the Analyzer
5.1 Overview 18
5.2 Analyzer Overview 19
5.3 Key Navigation 20
5.4 Displays Overview 21
5.5 Displays 23
5.6 Control Displays 24
5.7 Status Display 26
5.8 Process Instrument Explorer Software 28
Online Functions
Table 5-2 Display Details Functions
Detail Function
Process Variable When two input boards are installed, the default online screen displays both PVs and
Values their units of measure, as determined by the input boards, the probe (if memory-
embedded) or any measurement configuration options that may be available. When
only one input board is installed, the default online screen displays one PV and it’s
units in a larger font size.
The currently selected PV type determines the numerical format and the units of
measure on the online PV display. Measured PV is generally displayed in the highest
decimal precision possible with five digits and has a potentially displayable range of
0.0000 to 99999. The exceptions are dissolved oxygen, pH, ORP and temperature,
which are displayed with fixed decimal precision.
PV Type determines specific ranges and in the case of Conductivity, cell constant
determines available PV Types. Each PV measurement and display is updated every
500ms maximum. Each temperature measurement and display is updated every 10
seconds maximum.
See the Specific Input configuration for available ranges.
Tag Name A text string of the user’s choice appears at the top of all online displays.
PV Temperature Each PV value is accompanied by a temperature value for all measurements except
ORP, as ORP probes do not contain temperature sensors and no measurement
compensation for temperature is required. Temperature values are displayed in units of
degrees Fahrenheit or degrees Celsius as determined by configuration.
Measured temperature is always expressed in fixed tenths decimal precision and has a
displayed range according to input type:
PH/ORP -10.0 to 110.0°C or –14.0 to 230.0°F
Conductivity -10.0 to 110.0°C or –14.0 to 230.0°F
Dissolved Oxygen 0 to 60.0°C or 32 to 140°F
Status Messages A text string appears on the bottom of all displays. Online displays provide messages
relaying online diagnostics, alarms and other events. Offline screens display messages
relevant to data entry and calibration. See Section 11.
Bargraphs The Bargraphs will represent up to three output values. The corner indicators represent
the physical state of the Relay Outputs [1,2,3,4].
*Note that all values and indicators on the main (input) display screen are maintained in the input setup
group.
5.5 Displays
Two Input Display
Display
Press . You will see:
PV1 Value Tag Name PV Units PV Temperature
7.00
Black - Energized Black - Energized
pH
Solution Temperature
Compensation PV1
1 2
C4H9NO 25.0 ºC 3 Output 3 Bargraph*
0.000
Output 1 Bargraph*
µS/cm
Output 2 Bargraph*
*On the display, the bargraphs are the outputs in Engineering Units,
the corner annunciators are the physical relay states.
Single Displays
For single displays on a two input unit;
Press to display a single display for Input 1.
Press again to display a single display for Input 2.
Press again to return to a Dual Display.
0.00 pH
Output Value*
1 2
Auto
Setpoint Indicator
0.00 0.0
Control Alarm 1 Setpoint 2
State**
L L Control Alarm 2 Setpoint 2
State**
Working Setpoint Value*
Input Status Input 1 OK or Fail Read Only – depends on the Input selected
Input 2 OK or Fail
Digital In 1 On or Off
Digital In 2 On or Off
Output Output 1 mA Output Level in Read Only – depends on the Output type selected at
Levels Output 2 mA Milliamps setup “Outputs”, “Output n”, “Source”:
Output 3 mA None
Input 1 PV
Input 1 Temp
Input 2 PV
Input 2 Temp
Math 1
Math 2
Math 3
Math 4
Control 1
Control 2
See Table 6-3 for configuration.
Relay States Relay 1 State of the Read Only – state depends on the Output source
Relay 2 relay selected at Relay Setup Group, parameter “Relay
Relay 3 Types”:
Relay 4 Digital Output (On or Off)
Time Proportional (Value)
Pulse Frequency (Value)
See Table 6-4 for configuration.
Calc Values Sum Value Value of the Calculated Value selected at “Setup
Group “Inputs”, “Calc 1 or 2 PV, “Calc type”.
Difference
See Table 6-2 for configuration.
Ratio
Available only if both inputs are identical.
%Passage
%Rejection
Features
• Create configurations with intuitive software program running on a Pocket PC, a
Desktop or a laptop computer. ·
• Create/edit configurations live, just connect software to analyzer via IR port.
• Create/edit configurations offline and download to analyzer later via IR port.
• Infrared port available on every UDA2182.
• This software is available in English, Spanish, Italian, German and French.
• Generate Configuration Reports.
Infrared communications
The infrared connection provides a non-intrusive wireless connection with the instrument
and maintains its waterproof integrity when used in conjunction with the optional PIE
(Process Instrument Explorer Software).
No need to get access to the back of the analyzer to communicate with the instrument, no
need to take your screw driver to wire the communication cable, no wiring mistake
possible. You can now duplicate an instrument’s configuration, upload or download a
new configuration in a matter of seconds, just by pointing your Pocket PC in the direction
of the instrument.
It takes just a few seconds to upload a configuration from an instrument. You can then
save the configuration file onto your PC or pocket PC for review, modification or
archiving. Furthermore, this software also gives you important maintenance information
on the analyzer: instantly, get information on the current operating parameters, digital
inputs and alarm status, identify internal or analog input problems.
Question: What if I have several analyzers on the same panel? How can I be sure I am
communicating with the correct one?
Answer: The infrared port of the analyzer is normally “off”. You activate the infrared
port on a particular analyzer by pressing any key. You can now communicate with the
analyzer. If no communications are received for 2 minutes, the port will be shut down
again.
6 Configuration
6.1 Overview
Introduction
Configuration is a dedicated operation where you use straightforward keystroke
sequences to select and establish (configure) pertinent setup data best suited for your
application.
To assist you in the configuration process, there are prompts that appear in the Main
Setup menu and associated sub menus. These prompts let you know what group of
configuration data (Set Up prompts) you are working with and also, the specific
parameters associated with each group.
6.1 Overview 30
6.2 UDA2182 Block Diagram 31
6.3 Main Setup Menu 32
6.4 Basic Configuration Procedure 33
6.5 Inputs Configuration 36
6.6 Outputs Configuration 43
6.7 Relays Configuration 44
6.8 Alarms Configuration 47
6.9 Math Configuration 49
6.10 Logic Configuration 50
6.11 Control Configuration 53
6.12 Communication Configuration 59
6.13 Maintenance Configuration 60
Alarm
1-4
Analog Input
High / Low Alarm (1-4)
1-2 Analog Out
Latch
PH, Alm (1-4) Ack ^ Event 1-3
Cond, Input (1-2) PV
Disolved
Oxygen Input (1-2) Temp Math 1-4
Linear /
Log / Math (1-4)
Sq Root, Relay 1-4
Digital Input
Filter, Digital Out /
1-2
Rng Factor Time Prop /
Digital In (1-2) Freq Prop
Monitor
1-2 Monitor (1-2)
High / Low
System
Event 1-2
Status ^ Event
Hold
Event (1-2)
In (1-2) Fault Logic 1-4
Out (1-3) Fault And / Or, Logic (1-2)
Latch
A ^ Event
Logic (1-4) Ack B
Email
(Ethernet
Switch 1-2 Option)
Control 1-2 A Switch (1-2)
Input (1-2) PV OnOff / PID B
w Alarms Sw
Ctrl (1-2) Out
Control
(1-2) Ctrl (1-2) Alm 1,2
Display
Calculated
Values Sum
Input 1 PV Diff
Digital
Input 2 PV Ratio
Analog % Reject
% Passage
Fixed
In some menus, you will have to scroll the menu to see all the selections.
Use the keys.
Refer to “General Rules for Editing” and Table 6-1 Basic Configuration Procedure to
configure the following Setup Groups.
Maintenance Configuration (Table 6-10) – read the Software version and Input
types, configure Language, Temperature Units, Mains Frequency, enter a Tag
Name and Password, run Display and Keyboard tests, read Output levels, read
Relay States, and Reset the Unit.
6 Enter the Value Enters value or selection made into memory after another
or Selection Enter key is pressed.
Repeat the procedure for changing any parameter for any
group.
7 To Abort the Any changes made to a parameter value will revert to the
Changes Made Exit original value before editing.
8 Exit Setup Mode Until you see the main Setup screen.
Exit
Input 1 or 2 PV Type pH Glass The PV type determines the numerical format and the
pH/ORP pH HPW units of measure on the online PV display. Measured
pH Durafet PV is generally displayed in the highest decimal
(default) precision possible to .001 and has a potentially
ORP displayable range of 0.000 to 99999. The exceptions
are dissolved oxygen, pH, ORP and temperature,
which are displayed with fixed decimal precision. PV
Type determines specific ranges.
Range 0.0 to 14.0 pH Read Only
-1600 to 1600
ORP
PV Reset Off (default) When changing from some PV Types to another, a
pop-up box will notify you
Enable “PV Ranges and Setpoints may require reset”
Press ENTER or EXIT. This sets the unit to default
configuration.
Enable - Resets all Output and Control ranges
associated with that PV
Temp Input Enable Enable to allow “Temp Type” selection – see below.
(ORP only) Disable
Input 1 or For every cell constant the PV type includes selections for both conductivity µS/cm and
Input 2 conductivity mS/cm.
Conductivity Conductivity µS/cm displays µS/cm and provides standard range solution type selections:
None, NaCl, NH3, C4H9NO.
Conductivity mS/cm displays mS/cm and provides wide range solution type selections: None,
HCl, NaCl, H2SO4, NaOH.
Upper range limit defaults according to the table below:
For every cell constant the PV type also includes selections for either TDS ppb/TDS ppm or
TDS ppm/TDS ppt.:
TDS ppb/ppm provide standard or wide solution type selections and
TDS ppm/ppt provide standard or wide solution type selections. Solution selections are the
same as above with the exception of None.
Upper range limit defaults according to the table below:
Cell Const 0.01 Cell Const 0. 1 Cell Const 1 Cell Const 10 Cell Const 25 Cell Const 50
PV Type Cond µS/cm These selections are only available with regard to the
(default) Cell Constant selected (See “Cell Constant”).
Select Cell
Cond mS/cm
Constant First Cell Available Selectable PV Types
Concentrtn Constant
TDS ppb Use the keys to select
TDS ppm 0.01 Conductance µS/cm (default), Conductance mS/cm,
TDS ppt TDS ppb, TDS ppm, Resistivity
Resistivity 0.1 Conductance µS/cm (default), Conductance mS/cm
(Default) TDS ppb, TDS ppm, Resistivity
Solu Temp Comp None Measured Conductivity and Resistivity can optionally
Custom be temperature compensated to 25°C for a specific
H20 solution type. TDS and concentration are always
NH3 measured based on a specific solution type. The cell
PO4 constant and measurement type determines which
C4H9NO solution types are available for selection, according to
HCl (default) the table below:
NaCl
Cell Available Selectable Solution Types
H2SO4 Constant
NaOH Use the keys to select
Wire Len Units Feet (default) If you use a single wire gauge (16, 18, 20, or 22 AWG)
Meters in a length up to 1000 feet, simply specify the gauge
and length.
Wire Len Feet 0 to 1000 ft
default = 0 If mixed wired gauges are used, or lead length or
wire gauge are not within the stated ranges, refer
Wire Len Meters 0 to 304.80 to Appendix A.
default = 0
Wire Size Units AWG
Sq mm
Input 1 or PV Type Pct Sat The concentration of oxygen dissolved in water (or
Input 2 other liquid) may be described by either “dissolved
DO Conc
DO oxygen (DO) concentration” or percent saturation.
(default)
The units for DO are either parts per million - PPM
Dissolved (equivalent to milligrams per liter) or parts per billion -
Oxygen PPB (equivalent to micrograms per liter). The units of
saturation are percent where 100% saturation is
equivalent to the concentration of oxygen dissolved in
air-saturated water. For instance, at 25°C and one
atmosphere pressure, 8.24 ppm = 100% saturation.
Although the ppm and ppb concentration units are the
most frequently used units by far, % saturation may
be appropriate for non-aqueous liquids like vegetable
oil.
Range 0 – 200 ppb, Read Only
displayable to
20000ppb
0-20 ppm
0 – 100% sat,
displayable to
120% sat
PV Reset Off (default) When changing from some PV Types to another, a
pop-up box will notify you
Enable “PV Ranges and Setpoints may require reset”
Press ENTER or EXIT. This sets the unit to default
configuration.
Enable - Resets all Output and Control ranges
associated with that PV
Temp Type 5000Ω Therm 5000Ω Thermistor
Default
1000Ω RTD 1000Ω Resistance Temperature Detector
Manual Manual
Temp Deg C or F 0 to 60ºC Temp Deg F or C will appear depending on what
(Temp Type = Temperature Unit was selected in “Maintenance”
Manual) 32 to 140ºF setup group, parameter “Temp Units”.
Salinity Type Salinity is used to correct for salt in the process water.
Manual Manual
(default)
Conduc Input Available only if conductivity board is present.
Salinity ppt 0.00 to 40.00ppt (parts per thousand) as sodium chloride
“Manual” Salinity default = 0.00 0.0 = No selection
type only
Pressure Type Manual Allows manual entry of atmospheric pressure
compensation
Sensor Internal sensor for atmospheric pressure
(default) compensation during air calibration
Pressure mm Hg 500.0 to 800.0 Atmospheric pressure compensation.
Enter a value in mmHg.
(Manual Pressure default = 760
type only) mmHg
Bias Bias Constant - is used to compensate the input for
drift of an input value.
-20.00 to 20.00 If PPM Board is installed.
PPM
-20000 to 20000 If PPB Board is installed.
PPB
default = 0.000
Failsafe The output value to which the output will go to protect
against the effects of failure of the equipment.
0.000 to 20.00 If PPM Board is installed.
PPM
0.000 to 20000 If PPB Board is installed.
PPB
default = 0.000
Filter Time 0 to 120.0 A software digital filter is provided for dampening the
process. The units are in time constant seconds.
default = 0.000
High Range -9999.00 to 9999.00 High Range Value Engineering Unit - value of
default = 100 input that corresponds to 100 % output value.
Low Range -9999.00 to 9999.00 Low Range Value Engineering Unit - value of
default = 0 input that corresponds to 0 % output value.
Slew Time 0.000 to 999.00 Slew Time is the maximum rate of change
in seconds required to drive the output from full OFF (0% -
default = 0.000 typically 4 mA) to full ON (100% - typically
20mA).
mA Range High 0 to 20 Value of mA output that corresponds to 100 %
default = 20 output signal (for example: 20 mA).
mA Range Low 0 to 20 Value of mA output that corresponds to 0 %
default = 4 output signal (for example: 4 mA).
mA Limit High 0 to 21 Value of mA that you want to set the High Range
default = 21 Limit.
mA Limit Low 0 to 21 Value of mA that you want to set the Low Range
default = 3 Limit.
Overview
Programming the relays consists of selecting the relay type, identifying the input
parameter, which activates the relay and selecting whether the relay is energized when
the input parameter is on or off. The Relay group lets you select a relay type for up to
four relays.
Relay Types Relay 1 Type Digital Out Digital Output Relay (default)
Relay 2 Type
Set relay Relay 3 Type Time Prop Time Proportional Output Relay
types first Relay 4 Type Pulse Freq Pulse Frequency Relay
Relay 1 A Digital Output Relay allows connection to any Alarm, Control Alarm, Logic, Alarm Event,
Relay 2 or Math signal.
Relay 3
Relay 4 Digital Source None (default)
Alarm 1 Connects to Alarm 1
Digital Output
Relay Alarm 2 Connects to Alarm 2
Alarm 3 Connects to Alarm 3
Alarm 4 Connects to Alarm 4
Ctrl1 Alm 1 Connects to Control 1 Alarm 1
Ctrl1 Alm 2 Connects to Control 1 Alarm 2
Ctrl2 Alm 1 Connects to Control 2 Alarm 1
Ctrl2 Alm 2 Connects to Control 2 Alarm 2
Logic 1 Connects to Logic 1
Math 1 Source None (default) Input source can be connected to any Input PV,
Math 2 Input 1 PV secondary variable (Temperature), or Calculated
Math 3 Input 1 Temp Value.
Math 4 Input 2 PV
Input 2 Temp
Filter Time 0 to 120 A software digital filter is provided for dampening the
default = 0.000 process noise and is applied before the limit functions.
The units are in time constant seconds.
Invert None (default) You can invert Input A or Input B or both. If the
IN A input is inverted, an input line that is ON is seen
IN B as OFF
In A and B
Latch Disable (default) Enable allows latching of the alarm output until
acknowledged.
Enable
Refer to “Status Display” in Section 5.7 to
acknowledge.
On Delay 0 to 999 seconds An on-delay time value up to 999 seconds is
default = 0.000 available to prevent momentary alarm actions.
Number of seconds the alarm is active before
activating the Output.
Event None (default) Each Logic has an "Event" in its setup. Users can
Event 1 set each Logic event as "Event 1" through "Event
Event 2 4". A Digital Output type relay source can be
Event 3 configured to "Event 1" through "Event 4". Now
Event 4 whenever a Logic with an "Event" set will activate
the relay with a source set to that event.
Whenever Logic 1, or 2 is active, relay 1 (and/or
the Relay 1 output display annunciator) will be
ON. (See note 1)
Whenever Logic 3, or 4 is active, relay 2 (and/or
the Relay 2 output display annunciator) will be
ON. (See note 1)
NOTE 1: When a Logic is setup as EVENT 1 and that Event source is Relay, acknowledging the Logic in the
Logic Status Display will de-energize the relay and cut off the Alarm. This happens even when the Alarm
condition is still there.
7.1 Overview
Introduction
This section contains instructions for wiring the inputs and outputs of the Analyzer.
7.1 Overview 62
7.2 General Wiring Practices 63
7.3 Inputs and Outputs 65
7.4 Wiring Diagrams 68
7.5 pH/ORP Wiring Diagrams 68
0 Conductivity 73
0 Dissolved Oxygen 74
0 Outputs 75
Safety precaution
WARNING
A disconnect switch must be installed to break all current
carrying conductors. Turn off power before working on
conductors. Failure to observe this precaution may result in
serious personal injury.
WARNING
An external disconnect switch is required for any hazardous
voltage connections to the relay outputs.
Immunity compliance
In applications where either the power, input or output wiring are subject to
electromagnetic disturbances, shielding techniques will be required. Grounded metal
conduit with conductive conduit fittings is recommended.
Conform to code
Instrument wiring should conform to regulations of the National Electrical Code.
Avoiding interference
Instrument wiring is considered Level 1, per section 6.3 of IEEE STD. 518 for plant
facilities layout and instrumentation application. Level 1 wiring must not be run close to
higher level signals such as power lines or drive signals for phase fired SCR systems, etc.
Unprotected input wiring in high electrical noise environments is subject to
electromagnetic, electrostatic, and radio frequency interference pickup of sufficient
magnitude to overload input filters. The best instrument performance is obtained by
keeping the interfering signals out of the instruments altogether by using proper wiring
practices.
References
Refer to the following when wiring the unit.
• IEEE STD. 518, Guide for the Installation of Electrical Equipment to Minimize
Electrical Noise Inputs from External Sources.
• Appropriate wiring diagram supplied with electrode mounting or preamplifier
module.
Board Retainer
Power Supply Terminals
Ground Screws
Ground Stud Wiring Access Ports (5)
Procedure
WARNING
While the unit is powered, a potentially lethal shock hazard
exists inside the case. Do not open the case while the unit is
powered.
ATTENTION
CAUTION: Alarm circuits are not internally fused in the analyzer. Provision for fuses in
external circuits is recommended.
Step Action
8 Slide the retainer to the left then slide the terminal board back into place. Slide retainer to
engage the tabs and tighten the screws.
9 Close the Bezel and secure four captive screws to a torque value of .20Nm (1.5 Lb-in).
Power up the unit.
Do not apply power until the bezel is closed.
Note 1: If set to de-energize on alarm, this means that when an alarm occurs (or the discrete control point
becomes active), the relay coil will be de-energized. The NC contacts will then be closed and the NO
contacts will be open. Conversely, during normal non-alarm operation (or when the control point is not
active) the NC contacts will be open, and the NO contacts will be closed.
If de-energize on alarm is selected, a power loss will force all relays to the same position as an alarm
condition.
Durafet II
Glass Meredian II
Wire Signal
Color Name
15
14
13
12
11
Orange 10 Reference
White with Black stripe 9 Guard
Clear (center conductor of coax) 8 Glass (or ORP)
7
Jumper 6
ORP
Wire Signal
Color Name
15
14
13
12
11
Orange 10 Reference
Shield 9 Guard
Clear (center conductor of coax) 8 Glass (or ORP)
7
HPW7000
Wire Signal
Color Name
15
Conductivity
Wire Signal
Color name
2
Wire to chassis 1 Earth Ground
ground screw
Dissolved Oxygen
Wire Signal
Color Name
Cable shield (Blue)
to chassis ground screw Clear 10 Cathode
Green 9 Reference
Red 8 Anode
White with Black stripe 7 Guard
6
CAUTION
When installing the probe, the wiring must be done in the order shown below even if the
analyzer is not powered. This is because the DO Input card is continuously supplying a
voltage (bias) to the terminals.
Outputs
AC Hot L1 3
AC N L2 2
1 Terminal 1
Grounding Stud
on Case
Figure 7-9 Terminal Designations for Power, Analog Output, and Relay Output
Option Card
Analog Output 3 (+) 15
8 Input Calibration
8.1 Overview
Introduction
The section describes the calibration procedures for the following:
Input Cal – calibrate Input 1 and Input 2 for pH/ORP, Conductivity, or Dissolved
Oxygen.
For other Calibration Procedures refer to the sections listed below.
Output Cal – calibrate Analog Output 1, Analog Output 2, and Analog Output 3
(See Section 9).
Temp Input Cal – calibrate Temperature 1 and Temperature 2 for pH/ORP or
Conductivity (See Section 10).
8.1 Overview 77
8.2 Calibration Menu 78
8.3 pH/ORP and Conductivity Overview 79
8.4 Recommendations for Successful Measurement and Calibration 80
8.5 pH Calibration 81
8.6 ORP Calibration 91
8.7 Conductivity Calibration 97
8.8 Dissolved Oxygen Calibration 103
Conductivity
Each type of cell has an associated cell constant entered during Configuration Setup. (See
Section 6.5. This number is part of the cell model number. However, for greater
precision, every Honeywell cell is individually tested at the factory, and a calibration
factor unique to that cell is determined. The cal factor for a cell can be found on the
plastic tag hanging from the cell lead wires. Instructions for entering this cell cal factor
are in Section 0.
For some conductivity applications even greater accuracy is required. For those
applications it is possible to perform a calibration trim procedure. The Analyzer’s reading
can be adjusted while the associated cell is measuring a reference solution of known
conductivity, as described in Section 8.7. The same procedure can be used to adjust the
Analyzer’s reading while the cell is in the process, if a reference instrument is used to
determine the conductivity of the process. In this case the process fluid becomes the
“reference solution”.
Calibration trim is recommended for acid concentration applications above 5%.
Calibration trim can be reset as described in Section 8.7.
For accurate measurement of total dissolved solids (TDS) a conversion factor is entered
for each cell as described in Section 0.
ATTENTION
Any time a unit reset is performed; the TDS Value will be reset to 1.0. Calibration trim and cal
factor will either be reset for legacy cells or re-read from smart probes.
ATTENTION
For successful measurement in pure water applications where plastic piping is used, you may
have to provide an earth ground for the cell. Run a wire from the black electrode terminal of the
cell to one of the earth ground screws.
8.5 pH Calibration
Introduction
pH instrument calibration consists of standardization and slope adjustments.
Standardization is a pH Offset adjustment to compensate for electrode drift. Slope
adjustment is a span adjustment to match the gain of the instrument to the electrode
output response.
The analyzer supports two methods of calibration:
• With the “Buffering” method described in this section, you use your electrode
system to measure two reference solutions (“buffers”) having known pH values,
then adjust the analyzer so that its readings match the actual pH of each.
ATTENTION
The two reference solutions must have a pH difference of at least 2.
• With the “Sample” method described in this section you measure your process,
both with your electrode system and with a separate (accurately calibrated) meter,
then adjust the analyzer so that its reading matches the meter.
Calibration functions
Calibrating the pH Offset (Standardization) –. In auto buffer recognition calibration,
you can select one of the other buffer pH values directly above or below the
recognized buffer value in the current buffer group. (See Table 8-1.)
Calibrating the Slope - In auto buffer recognition calibration, you can select one of
the other buffer pH values directly above or below the recognized buffer value in the
current buffer group. (See Table 8-1.)
Table 8-1 Standard pH Buffer Values
Temperature °C 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
Group Buffer
NIST/USP 1.68 1.67 1.67 1.67 1.67 1.68 1.68 1.68 1.69 1.69 1.70 1.71
4.01 4.01 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.01 4.01 4.02 4.03 4.04 4.06
6.86 6.98 6.95 6.92 6.90 6.88 6.86 6.85 6.84 6.84 6.83 6.83
9.18 9.46 9.40 9.33 9.28 9.23 9.18 9.14 9.10 9.07 9.04 9.01
12.45 13.42 13.21 13.01 12.80 12.64 12.45 12.30 12.13 11.99 11.84 11.71
USA 2.00 2.01 2.01 2.01 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00
4.00 4.01 3.99 4.00 3.99 4.00 4.00 4.01 4.02 4.03 4.04 4.06
7.00 7.13 7.10 7.07 7.05 7.02 7.00 6.99 6.98 6.97 6.97 6.97
10.00 10.34 10.26 10.19 10.12 10.06 10.00 9.94 9.90 9.85 9.82 9.78
12.00 12.60 12.44 12.28 12.14 12.00 11.88 11.79 11.66 11.53 11.43 11.32
Europe 1.00 0.98 0.98 0.99 0.99 1.00 1.00 1.01 1.01 1.01 1.01 1.02
3.00 3.02 3.02 3.02 3.02 3.00 3.00 2.99 2.99 2.98 2.98 2.97
6.00 6.03 6.02 6.01 6.00 6.00 6.00 6.00 6.01 6.02 6.04 6.05
8.00 8.15 8.11 8.07 8.03 8.00 7.97 7.94 7.91 7.88 7.87 7.86
10.00 10.22 10.17 10.12 10.05 10.00 9.95 9.90 9.86 9.82 9.78 9.74
13.00 13.81 13.60 13.39 13.19 13.00 12.83 12.68 12.53 12.38 12.25 12.11
Procedure
Make sure you have selected “PV Type –pH Glass, pH Durafet, or pH HPW ” in the
Inputs configuration - Table 6-2.
Refer to Section 6.4.1 – General Rules for Editing.
Table 8-2 Calibrating pH Electrodes Using Automatic Buffer Recognition
Step Action Screen
1 Prepare containers of two
standard reference solutions.
2 Calibrate CALIBRATION
Press PV Input Cal
Temp Input Cal
Output Cal
Use to select
PV Input Cal
3 Enter PV INPUT CAL
Press In 1 pH/ORP Cal
In 2 Conduc Cal
Use to select
Input 1 or 2 pH/ORP Cal
4 Enter IN 1 pH/ORP Cal
Press Auto Buffer Cal
Buffer Cal
Sample Cal
Buffer Group
pH Offset
pH Slope
Reset pH Offset
Reset pH Slope
Use to select
”Buffer Group”
5 Enter Use to select
Press NIST/USP (default)
USA, or
Europe
Use to select
”Auto Buffer Cal”
7 • Put the unit in “Hold”
mode
• Remove the electrode
from the process.
• Rinse the electrode
thoroughly with distilled or
de-ionized water
8 Calibrating the pH Offset “Place probe in Buffer 1”
The display will show the pH of
Enter the buffer 1 solution as
Press measured by the electrode
Follow the prompts at the top system.
and bottom of the screen. The reading will be automatically
adjusted to match the known pH
value stored in the UDA2182
memory.
“Press Enter when stable”
9 Once the reading is stable “Buffer 1 stability check”
Enter Use to change the value of
Press the Buffer.
“Up/Down changes Buffer”
10 Rinse the electrode thoroughly
with distilled or de-ionized
water
11 Calibrating the Slope “Place probe in Buffer 2”
The display will show the pH of
Enter the buffer 2 solution as
Press measured by the electrode
Follow the prompts at the top system.
and bottom of the screen. The reading will be automatically
adjusted to match the known pH
value stored in the UDA2182
memory.
“Press Enter when stable”
Use to select
PV Input Cal
2 Enter
PV INPUT CAL
Use to select
Input 1 or 2 pH/ORP Cal
3 Enter
IN 1 pH/ORP Cal
Use to select
Buffer Cal
4 • Put the unit in “Hold”
mode
• Remove the electrode
from the process.
• Rinse the electrode
thoroughly with distilled or
de-ionized water
5 Standardization (adjust “Place probe in Buffer 1”
instrument zero) The display will show the pH of
the buffer 1 solution as
Enter measured by the electrode
Press system.
Follow the prompts at the top
“Press Enter when stable”
and bottom of the screen.
Use to select
PV Input Cal
3 Enter PV INPUT CAL
Press In 1 pH/ORP Cal
In 2 Conduc Cal
Use to select
Input 1 or 2 pH/ORP Cal
Use to select
Sample Cal
5 • Put the unit in “Hold”
mode
• DO NOT Remove the
electrode from the
process.
6 Enter “Place probe in Sample”
Press The display will show the pH of
Follow the prompts at the top the process as measured by the
and bottom of the screen. electrode system.
“Press Enter when stable”
7 Collect a beaker of the process sample from a point near the
electrode mounting and measure its pH value with a calibrated
portable instrument.
Special instructions for high-purity water applications
For a high purity water application, do not remove the sample
from the process for measurement. Bring the portable instrument
to the sampling site and measure a continuously flowing sample
that has not been exposed to air. This prevents lowering the
sample pH by absorption of carbon dioxide from the air.
8 Once the reading is stable, Change to Sample Value”
Enter Use keys to change the
press displayed value to match the
value on the portable meter.
“Enter to save, Exit to cancel”
9 If the calibration fails, an error Error Messages:
message will be displayed
across the bottom stripe of the See Table 11-2.
screen.
Make necessary adjustments
and re-calibrate
Procedure
Make sure you have selected “PV Type –ORP” in the Inputs configuration - Section
0.
Refer to Section 6.4.1 – General Rules for Editing.
Table 8-6 Procedure for Calibrating ORP System Using a Reference Solution
Step Action Screen
1 Calibrate
CALIBRATION
Press PV Input Cal
Temp Input Cal
Output Cal
Use to select
PV Input Cal
2 Enter PV INPUT CAL
Press In 1 pH/ORP Cal
In 2 Conduc Cal
Use to select
Input 1 or 2 pH/ORP Cal
3 Enter IN 1 pH/ORP Cal
Press Sample Cal
ORP Offset 0.000
Reset ORP Offset
ATTENTION
This procedure can only be used when measuring ORP only
Materials
The materials required to calibrate the Analyzer using a voltage input are:
• A source of a known millivolt signal.
• A screwdriver to fit the Analyzer input terminal screws and the terminal retainer.
Procedure
Make sure you have selected “PV Type –ORP” in the Inputs configuration – Section 0.
Refer to Section 6.4.1 – General Rules for Editing.
To calibrate the ORP Analyzer using Voltage Input, follow the instructions in Table 8-7.
WARNING
This procedure should be performed by qualified personnel only. Disconnect the power
before opening the instrument case. A potentially lethal shock hazard exists inside the case if
the unit is opened while powered. More than one switch may be required to disconnect power.
Table 8-7 Procedure for Calibrating ORP Analyzer Using Voltage Input
Step Action Screen
1 Turn off the power to the Analyzer. More than one switch may be
required to disconnect power.
2 With the power off open the case:
Loosen the four captive screws on the front of the bezel.
Grasp the bezel on the right side. Lift the bezel gently and swing
the bezel open to the left. (The bezel and display assembly is
mounted on pivot arms.)
3 Refer to Figure 7-1 for the location of the terminal board retainer.
Loose the screws that hold the retainer and slide the retainer right
or left until the retainer tabs disengage from the terminal boards.
Use to select
Input 1 or 2 pH/ORP Cal
8 Enter IN 1 pH/ORP Cal
Press Sample Cal
ORP Offset 0.000
Reset ORP Offset
14 Take the unit out of “Hold” and return to the calibration menu.
15 Turn off the voltage source and turn off power to the Analyzer.
Do not open the case until power is disconnected.
16 Reconnect field wiring removed in Step 5.
17 Re-insert the terminal board into the case.
18 Close the case and power up the unit. Do not apply power until
case is closed.
Procedure
If you have not done so already, refer to Table 6-2 (Input1/Input2/Conductivity) to enter
the cal factor for each cell
0.001 147.0
0.005 717.8
0.01 1,413
0.02 2,767
0.05 6,668
Procedure
Table 8-9 Procedure for Performing Calibration Trim Using a Reference Solution
Step Action Screen
1 Calibrate
CALIBRATION
Press PV Input Cal
Temp Input Cal
Output Cal
Use to select
Input 1 or 2 Conduc Cal
3 Enter IN2 Conduc Cal
Press Sample Cal
Cal Trim 1.00
Reset Cal Trim
Introduction
This is the simplest and most commonly used method of calibration.
ATTENTION
If “Initial Installation”, power probe and analyzer for 24 hours before first air calibration.
1. Assure that the probe has been powered for at least one hour.
2. Press the Hold button, if required.
3. Expose the probe to air (or air-saturated water) until the temperature and DO value
reading stabilizes.
Procedure
Table 8-10Calibrating a Dissolved Oxygen Probe Using Air Calibration Method
Step Action Screen
1 Calibrate CALIBRATION
Press PV Input Cal
Temp Input Cal
Output Cal
Use to select
Input 1 or 2 DO Cal
3 Enter IN1 DO CAL
Press Air Cal
Sample Cal
Reset Cal Factor
Pressure Cal
Pressure Offset
Reset Prs Offset
Bias Scan
Bias Volts
Reset Bias Volts
Use to select
Air Cal
Introduction
Sample calibration allows a calibration based on a known dissolved oxygen
concentration. It is similar to air calibration except that the known DO value may be
entered. Assuming an accurate reference is available, use the sample calibration method
rather than air calibration if any of the following conditions apply:
• The air is below freezing (32°F, 0°C), or hot (above 104°F, 40°C) or very dry (below
20% relative humidity).
• The probe is mounted such that it is much easier to measure the concentration of the
DO in the water independently than to expose the probe to air. Such mounting is not
recommended but is sometimes necessary.
• The measurement interruption for air calibration cannot be tolerated.
Sample calibration is usually executed by leaving the probe in the measured sample and
adjusting the analyzer to agree with the sample dissolved oxygen measured with a
properly calibrated portable dissolved oxygen meter whose probe is held very close to the
probe of the analyzer. Alternatively, the probe may be removed from the measured
sample and placed in a sample of known dissolved oxygen concentration.
Procedure
Table 8-11Calibrating a Dissolved Oxygen Probe Using Sample Calibration
Method
Step Action Screen
1 Power the probe for at least
one hour. (power the probe for
24 hours if initial installation)
2 Calibrate CALIBRATION
Press PV Input Cal
Temp Input Cal
Output Cal
Use to select
Input 1 or 2 DO Cal
Use to select
Sample Cal
5 • Put the unit in “Hold”
mode, if required.
6 Enter “Place probe in sample”
Press Immerse the probe in the sample
Follow the prompts at the top of known DO concentration and
and bottom of the screen. wait until the DO reading is
stable.
“Press Enter when stable”
7 Once the reading is stable, Change to sample value”
Enter Use the arrow keys to change
press the displayed value to match the
value of the known sample DO
concentration
“Enter to save, Exit to cancel”
9 Enter When the value displayed equals
Press the known sample DO
concentration.
Introduction
The concentration of oxygen dissolved in air-saturated water depends on the barometric
pressure. This dependence is automatically compensated for during air calibration using a
pressure sensor built into the Analyzer. The purpose of the pressure calibration is to
calibrate that pressure sensor. However, this sensor has been factory calibrated and
should not require re-calibration.
Procedure
Determine the true ambient barometric pressure, such as from a calibrated pressure
transmitter or a mercury barometer. Absolute barometric pressure is required - not the
“relative” sea-level pressure normally reported by the weather bureau.
Table 8-12Calibrating the Integral Pressure Sensor
Step Action Screen
1 Calibrate CALIBRATION
Press PV Input Cal
Temp Input Cal
Output Cal
Use to select
Input 1 or 2 DO Cal
3 Enter IN1 DO CAL
Press Air Cal
Sample Cal
Reset Cal Factor
Pressure Cal
Pressure Offset
Reset Prs Offset
Bias Scan
Bias Volts
Reset Bias Volts
Use to select
Pressure Cal
Introduction
The dissolved oxygen probe is an electrochemical cell, which produces an electric
current that is directly proportional to the concentration of oxygen dissolved in the
sample in which the probe tip is immersed. (When the probe is in air, the current is
identical to that produced when the probe is in air-saturated water.) This current is a
direct measurement of oxygen level. Usually, the probe is operated at -0.55V with respect
to a reference electrode within the probe. (The minus sign is omitted from the screen
as well as from the following discussion.) However, in some applications, the
performance of the DO probe can be enhanced by using other bias voltages. The purpose
of this test is to evaluate whether the probe bias voltage should be adjusted. Possible
interference with probe performance may also be inferred from the Probe Bias Test
(PBT).
Test initiation
When the test is initiated, the bias voltage is adjusted down from its original value
(usually 0.55V) at 25 mV/sec until 0V is reached. Then the bias voltage is driven up to
1.0 V at 25 mV/sec and finally, it is driven down again until it has returned to the value it
had just before the test was initiated. During this voltage sweep, the probe current is
monitored and the graph of current as a function of voltage is displayed.
If during the test the probe current rises above a factory-set upper limit, the bias voltage
is returned to its pre-test value at 25 mV/sec and the test is terminated without
completing the full 1.0 Volt sweep. (The bias voltage test may also be terminated at any
time by pressing the “EXIT” button.)
Display Graph
Under normal conditions, the completed display shows a graph of current as a function of
voltage with the following features: from approximately 0 to 0.2 volts a fairly rapid
increase in current is observed; from approximately 0.2 to 0.8 volts, the current exhibits a
“flat” region where it is nearly independent of voltage and at some voltage above about
0.8 volts, the current rises quickly.
A typical current-voltage curve is shown below. The Sweep Bias millivoltage (along the
bottom of the graph) is a voltage from 0 -1V that is applied to perform the test. The
Operating Bias millivoltage is the current position of the cursor on the graph and
represents the current bias voltage. The horizontal axis numerals are in hundreds of
millivolts.
0.55V 80µA
240
160
80
µA 0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1V
region so that small changes in the probe characteristics result in negligible changes in
probe current.
In some industrial wastewater applications, particularly those in petroleum refineries,
active gases dissolved in the wastewater can cause this current-voltage characteristic to
shift, moving the flat region to other, usually lower, voltages. Also, in some very rare
instances, the chemical treatment of boiler water can cause this current-voltage
characteristic to shift, moving the flat region to other, usually lower, voltages.
To summarize, the Probe Bias Test automatically varies the probe voltage while
displaying the probe current as shown in the figure. At the completion of the test an
opportunity to change the bias voltage is provided. Thus, even where significant gaseous
contamination might otherwise interfere with the response of the probe to dissolved
oxygen, this advanced feature allows the probe to operate.
(If the results of the probe bias test should ever be significantly different from those
shown in the figure, Honeywell Service should be consulted.)
Procedure
Table 8-13 Running a Probe Bias Scan
Step Action Screen
1 Calibrate CALIBRATION
Press PV Input Cal
Temp Input Cal
Output Cal
Use to select
Input 1 or 2 DO Cal
3 Enter IN1 DO CAL
Press Air Cal
Sample Cal
Reset Cal Factor
Pressure Cal
Pressure Offset
Reset Prs Offset
Bias Scan
Bias Volts
Reset Bias Volts
Use to select
Bias Scan
abort scan.
µA may be 0, 40, 80, 120
5 Enter Scan in Progress (Example)
Press to start scan
The bias voltage is adjusted down
from its original value (usually 0.55V)
at 25 mV/sec until 0V is reached.
IN1 BIAS SCAN
Scanning 0.05V 13µA
240
160
80
µA 0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1V
9 Outputs Calibration
9.1 Overview
Introduction
The section describes the calibration procedures for the following:
Output Cal – calibrate Analog Output 1, Analog Output 2, and Analog Output 3
For other Calibration Procedures refer to the sections listed below.
PV Input Cal – calibrate Input 1 and Input 2 for pH/ORP, Conductivity or
Dissolved Oxygen (See Section 8)
Temperature Cal – calibrate Temperature 1 and Temperature 2 for pH/ORP or
Conductivity (See Section 10)
Required equipment
Output calibration involves connecting a meter to the Analyzer’s output terminals.
The meter required for output calibration depends on the type of outputs.
• Current outputs: current meter capable of resolving 0.01 mA over the range 0 to 20
mA dc
• Voltage outputs: a 250 ohm ± 0.05 % shunt and a volt meter (capable of measuring 1
to 5 Vdc within 1 mV)
A screwdriver to fit the terminal block screws and the screw securing the terminal board
retainer is also required.
Procedure
To calibrate outputs, follow the procedure described in Table 9-1 Procedure for
Calibrating Analyzer Outputs. The output terminals are inside the case as shown in
Figures 6-1 through 6-6.
WARNING
While the unit is powered, a potentially lethal shock hazard exists inside the case. Do not open
the case while the unit is powered. Do not access the output terminal as described below while
the unit is powered.
WARNING
A disconnect switch must be installed to break all current carrying conductors. Turn off power
before working on conductors. Failure to observe this precaution may result in serious personal
injury.
Procedure
Table 9-1 Procedure for Calibrating Analyzer Outputs
Step Action Screen
1 Turn off the power to the Analyzer. More than one switch may
be required to disconnect power.
2 With the power off, open the case:
Loosen the four captive screws on the front of the bezel.
Grasp the bezel on the right side. Lift the bezel gently and swing
the bezel open to the left.
3 Refer to Figure 7-1 for the location of the terminal board retainer.
Loose the screws that hold the retainer and slide the retainer right
or left until the retainer tabs disengage from the terminal boards.
4 Insert a screwdriver into the tab in the terminal board to be wired
and pull. Slide the board half way out. - Refer to Figure 7-1 for the
location
(Output 1 and 2 – Power Supply/Analog Output/Relay Output
card)
(Output 3 – Option card)
and slide the board half way out. There is a notch in the terminal
board into which you can slide the retainer tabs and hold the
boards in place while wiring.
5 Label and remove the field wiring from the output terminals.
Output 1 – Terminals 12– and 13+
Output 2 – Terminals 10– and 11+
Output 3 – Terminals 14– and 15+
6 Feeding the test wiring through the conduit hole in the case and
connect the appropriate type meter to the specific output terminals
Be sure to observe the correct polarity.
Slide the Input board back and close the case and power up the
unit. Do not apply power until the case is closed.
7 Calibrate
CALIBRATION
Press PV Input Cal
Temp Input Cal
Output Cal
Use to select
”Output Cal”
9 Enter OUTPUT 1
Press 20mA Offset 0
4mA Offset 0
Reset 20mA Offs
Reset 4mA Offs
Use to select
” 20 mA Offset”
10 Enter
OUTPUT 1
10.1 Overview
Introduction
The section describes the calibration procedures for the following:
Temp Input Cal – calibrate (T1) Temperature 1 or (T2) Temperature 2 for
pH/ORP or Conductivity
For other Calibration Procedures refer to the sections listed below.
PV Input Cal – calibrate Input 1 and Input 2 for pH/ORP, Conductivity or
Dissolved Oxygen (See Section 8)
Output Cal – calibrate Analog Output 1, Analog Output 2, and Analog Output 3
(See Section 9)
Procedure
Table 10-1 Procedure for Calibrating the Temperature Inputs
Step Action Screen
1 Calibrate CALIBRATION
Press PV Input Cal
Temp Input Cal
Output Cal
Use to select
”Temp Input Cal”
2 Enter TEMP INPUT CAL
Press T1 pH/ORP Cal
T2 Conduc Cal
4 Enter
Press
5 Follow the prompts at the top “Place probe in sample”
and bottom of the screen. The display will show the
temperature of the reference
solution as measured by the
probe and Analyzer system.
“Press Enter when stable”
11.1 Overview
Introduction
This section contains information on status and alarm messages, as well as on diagnostics
and system error messages. All these messages are displayed on the “Status Message”
stripe. If more than one message is active, the display will cycle through all the messages,
then repeat.
SLOPE UNDERRANGE Resulting pH slope is less than 80%. Calibration is aborted and
original slope value is preserved.
SLOPE OVERRANGE Resulting pH slope is greater than 105%. Calibration is aborted and
original slope value is preserved.
PROBE CURRENT TOO HIGH DO probe current exceeds the greater of 133% of the probe current
at last successful calibration or 160 µA. During DO bias scan, scan is
aborted and original bias voltage is preserved.
READINGS UNSTABLE DO air PV or temperature readings too unstable for successful air
calibration. Calibration is aborted and original calibration factor is
preserved.
SOLUTION UNSTABLE pH solution PV or temperature readings too unstable for successful
auto buffer calibration. Calibration is aborted and original zero offset
(for buffer 1) or slope value (for buffer 2) is preserved.
SOLUTION TEMP TOO LOW pH solution temperature readings less than minimum of 0 degrees C.
Auto buffer calibration is aborted and original zero offset (for buffer 1)
or slope value (for buffer 2) is preserved
SOLUTION TEMP TOO HIGH pH solution temperature readings greater than maximum of 100
degrees C. Auto buffer calibration is aborted and original zero offset
(for buffer 1) or slope value (for buffer 2) is preserved
CONFIG MEM FAULT Configuration EEPROM memory is defective. Unit Reset is required.
Generated by a bad CPU EEPROM CRC. If error reoccurs, unit must be
serviced.
INPUT BD MEM FAULT Input board memory read failure has occurred. Replace or operate with
current factory calibration values.
PROBE MEM FAULT Probe memory read or write failure has occurred. Replace or operate with
current calibration values.
12.1 Overview
Introduction
This section provides part numbers for field-replaceable parts and for accessories.
13 Appendices
PH/ORP
13.2 Appendix A – Entering Values for Lead Resistance Compensation 131
13.3 Appendix B - Cyanide Waste Treatment 133
13.4 Appendix C – Chrome Waste Treatment 137
Conductivity/Resistivity
13.5 Appendix D – Two-cell Applications 141
13.6 Appendix E – Using a Precision Check Resistor 145
(For Conductivity)
Dissolved Oxygen
13.7 Appendix F – Noise Testing, Dissolved Oxygen Application 147
13.8 Appendix G – DO Probe and Analyzer Tests 148
13.9 Appendix H – Parameters Affecting Dissolved Oxygen Measurement 151
13.10 Appendix I – Discussion on Chemical Interferences on Measured DO Currents 152
13.11 Appendix J – Percent Saturation Readout 155
13.12 Appendix K – Leak Detection in PPB Applications 156
13.13 Appendix L – Procedure for Low Level ppb Dissolved Oxygen Testing 157
Analyzer
Honeywell
Junction Conductivity Cell
Box
The length to enter is one-half this number, 1320 feet, because the Analyzer already
accounts for the fact that there is always a pair of conductor wires in the system loop.
Therefore, in our example we would use the procedure in Table 6-2, and specify the wire
gauge as 18 AWG and the length as 1320 feet.
PROPORTIONAL RECORDER
CAUSTIC
NOTE: The separate pH and ORP
ACID measurements and control shown
ON/OFF
pH= 10.5
+600
pH= 11.0
+400
REDOX POTENTIAL (mV)
+200
-200
-400
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
VOLUME OF HYPOCHLORITE ADDED
Importance of pH control
As shown in Figure 13-3, pH has a direct effect on the ORP potential and must be closely
controlled to achieve consistent ORP control, especially if hypochlorite is used as the
oxidizing agent. Hypochlorite raises pH, which lowers the ORP potential, which in turn
calls for additional hypochlorite -- a runaway situation. To avoid this situation, use close
pH control and locate the ORP electrode at a distance from the hypochlorite addition
point.
Reliable measurement with gold electrode
For this application, a gold ORP electrode gives a more reliable measurement than does a
platinum electrode, because platinum may catalyze additional reactions at its surface and
is more subject to coating than gold. Note that the solubility of gold in cyanide solutions
does not present a problem as it is in contact, primarily, with cyanide. In fact, a slight loss
of gold serves to keep the electrode clean.
Batch Treatment
Sequence of steps
Continuous treatment is shown in Figure 13-2. However, all of the reactions can be
achieved with semi-automatic batch control. Only a single tank with a pH controller and
an ORP controller are required. The steps are sequenced, and the pH and ORP setpoints
are changed to give the same results as for the continuous treatment. Caustic is added to
raise pH to 11; then hypochlorite is added to raise the ORP potential to about +450 mV
while more caustic is added as required to maintain 11 pH.
WARNING
Failure to comply with these instructions could result in death or serious
injury.
An interlock must be provided to prevent the addition of acid before the
positive oxidation of ALL cyanide. Failure to observe this precaution can
result in the generation of highly toxic hydrogen cyanide.
Then the acid can be added to neutralize the batch and further oxidation will complete the
cyanate-to-carbonate conversion. A settling period can then be used to remove solids, or
the batch can be pumped directly to another settling tank or pond.
Use of Chromates
Corrosion inhibition
Chromates are used as corrosion inhibitors in cooling towers and in metal-finishing
operations including bright dip, conversion coating, and chrome plating.
Necessity for removal of chromium ion from wastewater
The wastewater form rinse tanks, dumps, and cooling tower blowdown contains toxic
soluble chromium ion, Cr+6, which must be removed, typically to a level less than 0.5
ppm before discharge.
Technique for chrome removal
The technique most often used for this chrome removal is a two-stage chemical treatment
process. The first stage lowers the pH and adds the reducing agent to convert the chrome
from soluble Cr+6 to Cr+3. The second stage neutralizes the wastewater, forming insoluble
chromium hydroxide, which can then be removed.
Consistent treatment and stable control in this type of process requires well-mixed
reaction tanks with enough volume for adequate retention time (see Figure 13-4).
Retention time is calculated by dividing the filled or usable tank volume by the waste
flowrate. Typically, it is ten minutes or more.
RECORDER
PROPORTIONAL
BISULFITE Ph ANALYZER/
ORP pH CONTROLLER
CHROME
WASTE
POLYELECTROLYTE
600
pH= 2
500
REDOX POTENTIAL (mV)
400
pH= 3
300
200
100
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
VOLUME OF BISULFATE ADDED
Chrome reduction is slow enough that 10 to 15 minutes may be required for a complete
reaction and this time increases if pH is controlled at higher levels. The pH also has a
direct effect on the ORP potential as shown in Figure 13-5. Therefore, pH must be
controlled to achieve consistent ORP control.
Batch Treatment
Sequence of steps
Continuous treatment for chrome removal is shown in Figure 13-4. However, all of the
reactions can be achieved with semi-automatic batch control. Only a single tank with a
pH controller and an ORP controller are required. The steps of the treatment are
sequenced, and the pH setpoint is changed to give the same results as for the continuous
treatment. Acid is added to lower pH to 2.5; then reducing agent is added to lower ORP
potential to +250 mV. After waiting a few minutes to ensure a complete reaction (and
possible test for Cr+6), the sodium hydroxide is added to raise pH to 8 as in the second
stage of the continuous treatment. The settling period then begins, or the batch is pumped
to a separate settling tank or pond.
Sulfite (SO3+2), a reducing ion, donates electrons which makes the electrode more
negative. The chromium, an oxidizing ion, Cr+6, accepts electrons and makes the
electrode more positive. The net electrode potential is related to the ratio of
concentrations of reducing and oxidizing ions in the solution.
Potential cannot be used as monitor of effluent
This electrode potential is extremely sensitive in measuring the degree of chrome
treatment in the reaction tank. However, it cannot be related to a definite concentration of
chrome and, therefore, cannot be used as a final effluent monitor of chrome
concentration.
Importance of clean electrode
Reliable ORP measurements require a very clean metal electrode surface. Clean the
electrodes routinely with a soft cloth; dilute acids, and/or cleaning agents to promote fast
response. Control at low pH levels in the first stage of treatment has also been found to
help maintain clean ORP electrodes.
INLET
CELL 2
CELL 2 CELL 2
CELL 1 CELL 1 CELL 1 DI WATER
CATION BED ANION BED MIXED BED
Reverse Osmosis
Reverse Osmosis efficiency is monitored by comparing inlet and outlet conductivity (or
TDS). Automatic calculations of Percent Rejection or Percent Passage are provided. If
readout is in resistivity, cell locations are interchanged. Temperature readout assists with
normalized performance comparisons.
CELL 2 CELL 1
RO UNIT
FEED • • PERMEATE
CONCENTRATE
Cell1 x100
Percent Passage = Typical Range is 0 to 20%
Cell2
Cell1
Percent Rejection = (1- Cell2 ) x100 Typical Range is 80 to 100%
Conductivity/Resistivity/TDS Difference
Conductivity/Resistivity/TDS difference using redundant cells on critical processes can
provide a valuable diagnostic capability. If the difference in measurements exceeds the
alarm points, an operator is summoned for corrective action. Monitoring may be switched
to the alternate cell during maintenance. For deviation in either direction, two different
alarms (+ and -) are used. A difference kind of diagnostic can be provided by a precision
check resistor in place of one cell to give continuous Analyzer/Controller checking at one
value. Also see 13.10 Appendix I – Discussion on Chemical Interferences on Measured
DO Currents.
UDA2182 ANALYZER
OUTPUT SIGNAL
DIFFERENCE ALARM
CELL 1 CELL 2
PROCESS
Parts Rinsing
Parts rinsing is usually controlled by conductivity to obtain adequate rinsing without
wasting excess water, whether a single stage or a counter-current series of tanks. The
two-cell ratio approach can determine whether inadequate rinsing is due to low flowrate
or due to poor supply water quality.
CELL 2 CELL 1
PARTS FLOW
WASTE WATER
RINSE
WATER
Softener Monitor
Softener monitoring by conductivity ratio gives a continuous indication of performance.
Sodium is typically more conductive than the hardness minerals it displaces, yielding a
higher conductivity at the outlet. A ratio approaching 1 indicates that hardness ions are
breaking through and that regeneration is needed.
CELL 1
(SOFT) TREATED WATER
SPECIFIC CATION
CONDUCTIVITY CONDUCTIVITY
UDA2182
ANALYZER
SAMPLE
CELL 1 CELL 2
CATION
EXCHANGER
SPECIFIC DEGASSED
CONDUCTIVITY CATION CONDUCTIVITY
CONDUCTIVITY UDA2182 (ANIONS)
UDA2182 ANALYZER
ANALYZER
CARBON DIOXIDE
BY CALCULATION
SAMPLE
CELL 1 CELL 2
CATION
EXCHANGER REBOILER
Concentration values
Obtain the appropriate check resistance value from the table below.
Table 13-1Data for Concentration Range Measurements
Material/Weight % Concentration Simulation Resistance (ohms) @ 25º C
Cell Constant
10 25 50
Hydrochloric Acid (HCl)
0 ∞ ∞
1 242.5 485.0
4 68.9 137.7
Sulfuric Acid (H2SO4)
0 ∞ ∞ ∞
1 215.5 538.7 1077.4
4 56.0 140.0 280.0
Sodium Chloride (NaCl)
0 ∞ ∞ ∞
1 574.1 1435.1 2870.3
4 195.2 398.0 796.1
Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH)
0 ∞ ∞ ∞
1 189.2 473.0 946.1
4 54.0 135.1 270.1
Before performing an air leak detection, it is necessary to determine that both Probe and
Analyzer are working properly.
Assumptions:
• The probe and analyzer should be connected, the analyzer powered-up, and the probe
in the process water for at least 24 hours prior to testing.
• No additional configuration should be done.
• The process is as it would be normally. All equipment in the process is online and
contributing to the process. This is to ensure that the Probe and Analyzer are working
in a known environment.
Check that the analyzer and probe are working together correctly.
1. If not already done, connect the probe to the analyzer and power up the analyzer. Put
probe in a bucket of water for approx. 1 hour so it can stabilize before proceeding.
2. Expose probe to ambient air for 3-5 minutes or until the temperature is stable.
3. Press the Display key on the Analyzer until the following parameters DO,
TEMPerature, SALinity, and PRESSure are showing on the analyzer’s display.
4. Perform a Visual Check on these parameters while the probe is in ambient Air:
5. The Temperature is not flashing and is between 15 - 35 Deg C.
6. DO’s Barometric Pressure is approx. in the range of 500 to 600 mmHg
7. The Salinity value should be 0.0 PPT. (Indicates that Salinity is turned OFF).
8. If any of the above parameters are incorrect, make the necessary changes to correct
them so that they are as stated above.
9. Perform an air calibration.
10. When air calibration is completed, look at the DO value and the Temperature on the
Analyzer’s display.
11. Confirm that these two parameters are correct by comparing them to values in Table
13-1. If the measured values are not similar to the table, the probe is suspect, call
*TAC for assistance.
12. With probe still in air, perform a Probe Bias Test under the Maintenance Menu.
13. When completed, the display should look exactly like Figure 8-4 under Probe Bias
Test. If it does, move to Step 16.
14. If the problem is a shift of the curve either to the left or right of the cursor, move the
cursor so that it is positioned on the flat portion of the curve. At this point, the probe
is suspect and should be sent to the Technical assistance Center for analysis. If the
problem is that the cursor is positioned too far to the left or right of the flat portion of
the curve, then move the cursor back to the flat portion of the curve.
15. Perform another Air Calibration to correct any changes that occurred during the PBT.
16. If you reached this point, you have both a working probe and analyzer that are
calibrated to one another correctly.
Faradaic Currents
Faradaic currents are those resulting from oxidation or reduction of chemical species.
The reduction of oxygen to water, the oxidation of water to oxygen, and the oxidation of
hydrogen, hydrazine or sulfur dioxide, are examples of Faradaic currents.
Residual Currents
Residual currents are unwanted Faradaic currents caused by impurities in the probe
electrolyte. These impurities are metals (e.g. lead, zinc) in electrolyte reagents, which are
capable of being reduced at the cathode and give rise to zero offset currents at “zero ppb
oxygen”.
Charging Currents
The Dissolved Oxygen (DO) probe consists of closely spaced bi-filar platinum windings
separated by a high dielectric constant material. This is a description of a capacitor; the
capacitance of a DO probe is in the hundreds if microFarads. When the probe is scanned
during a Probe Bias Test(PBT) at 25mV/sec, an appreciable charging current is
observed. This is equivalent to several hundred ppb dissolved oxygen.
The purpose of the PBT is to verify the optimum operating range of the current/voltage
curve. It further allows one to determine if a reference shift has occurred. Most
importantly, it allows one to select to identify a new bias point, if one is needed. To
employ this diagnostic, the user should be in air or air saturated water (ppm current is in
uA range). A PBT should not be performed in a ppb application (ppb current is in nA
range), due to charging and electrode currents being at a maximum value (µA range)
during one of these scans. Furthermore, the final current rise during the PBT produces
both hydrogen and oxygen gases within the probe. Time is needed before these gases can
re-establish equilibrium with the outside sample. Therefore, the PBT should be limited to
air level conditions and adequate time should be allowed for probe recovery following a
PBT.
Faradaic Interferences
The DO probe responds to oxygen partial pressure as follows:
O2 + 4H+ + 4e- → 2H2O (1)
Reaction (1) is a chemical reduction in which dissolved oxygen is reduced to water. This
reduction occurs at the working electrode, commonly referred to as the cathode. The
equal and opposite (oxidation) reaction occurs at the counter electrode (anode). Any
gaseous substance, which is permeable through the membrane and is capable of being
oxidized or reduced (electroactive) at the working electrode will interfere. Cl2, O3, H2,
N2H4 and SO2 are examples of interfering dissolved gases.
Cl2+ 2e- → 2Cl- (2)
H2 → 2H+ + 2e- (3)
Reaction (2) is a reduction and hence a positive interference will be observed; reaction
(3) is an oxidation, which will result in a negative interference. All amperometric probes
are subject to reduction or oxidation interference as shown above. In addition to the
direct interference shown in these two equations, the equilibrium probe provides an
additional indirect interference. In normal probe operation oxygen is consumed at the
working electrode and an equal amount of oxygen is produced at the counter electrode.
In a positive interference condition, such as (2) above, chlorine is reduced at the working
electrode and an equivalent amount of oxygen is produced at the anode. This oxygen is
electroactive, along with the dissolved chlorine and is a contributor to the measured
current.
In the absence of dissolved oxygen and in a negative interference situation as in (3),
hydrogen gas is consumed at the working electrode and the opposite reaction, the
reduction of water to hydrogen gas occurs at the counter electrode. In this hydrogen
interference mode, the probe is both consuming and producing equal amounts of
hydrogen, and is operating in a hydrogen detection equilibrium mode.
In cases of electrochemical interference, if the interference is positive, dissolved oxygen
will be produced at the counter electrode giving a perceived higher oxygen reading. If
the interference is negative, dissolved hydrogen gas will be produced at the counter
electrode giving a perceived zero oxygen reading.
As opposed to reaction (1), reaction (4) is an oxidation; electrons are on the opposite
sides of the equations and hence the measured current for (4) is opposite (interfering) the
oxygen reduction signal. The sum of (1) and (4) is the reaction by which sulfites
scavenge oxygen, namely:
O2 + 2SO32- → 2SO42- (5)
From the above discussion it is apparent that while sulfite oxygen scavenging can be
beneficial, the existence of dissolved SO2 gas is detrimental. To further complicate the
situation is the fact that at least 10 different SO2/Sulfite species exist in solution, and that
the equilibrium between these species is slow. The primary parameters that establish
equilibrium conditions are total sulfite concentration and pH. Sodium bisulfite
(NaHSO3) and sodium meta bisulfite (Na2S2O5) are acid sulfite forms; because acidity
favors SO2 formation these materials should be avoided. While sodium sulfite (Na2SO3)
is the best starting material, before use, an optimum pH of 9-10 should be obtained and
divalent metal catalyst should be added to speed up that species equilibrium. Testing
done at the Honeywell Engineering labs shows it is impossible to create a consistently
optimum solution preparation for zero probe calibration using sulfites.
However, a Honeywell proven low ppb DO test using Nitrogen, an oxygen displacer, is
recommended in Appendix L of this manual.
Equipment Needed
One Tank of Oxygen in Nitrogen gas mixture
One pressure regulator/shutoff valve
Wash bottle - used to add moisture to the sample gas before the gas reaches the probe.
(Without addition of moisture, the Nitrogen gas would dry out the probe membrane.)
One Beaker - used to vent the gas sample
One Dissolved Oxygen probe - used to make DO measurement
One Dissolved Oxygen flow through chamber - provide a closed environment
One Honeywell Model UDA2182 Analyzer - monitors and displays DO value.
10. When analyzer indicates that DO level is below 20 ppb, change gas to 250 ppm O2 in
nitrogen. Run until equilibrated (4-6 hours). After equalization, note barometric
pressure and temperature.
11. Compare reading with calculated value
Example Calculation
At 25°C using 250 ppm O2 in N2 at 770 mm Hg
True Value = 8.24 x 10-6 x 250 x 10-6 x 770 = 9.986 x 10-9 or 10 ppb
20.9 x 10-2 760
* If the temperature of the process water is not at 25°C, use O2 Solubility Tables in Table
13-2 and the process water temperature to determine the Air Saturated O2 value.
Note 1
Oxygen Note 4 Beaker
in Flexible for Venting
Nitrogen Piping Wash Bottle Note 4 1/ 2”
Note 3