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    (Auralization) Sound Localisation Experiment

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    dorientoon40
    This document describes a large-scale experiment on binaural sound localization that was conducted with over 800 participants at a science exhibition. The experiment tested participants' ability to locate sounds in different simulated environments including anechoic and reverberant conditions. Analysis of the results found that participants generally localized sounds accurately but with some biases, and performed better and faster with some sound stimuli and room simulations compared to others.

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    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    (Auralization) Sound Localisation Experiment

    Uploaded by

    dorientoon40
    133 views20 pages
    This document describes a large-scale experiment on binaural sound localization that was conducted with over 800 participants at a science exhibition. The experiment tested participants' ability to locate sounds in different simulated environments including anechoic and reverberant conditions. Analysis of the results found that participants generally localized sounds accurately but with some biases, and performed better and faster with some sound stimuli and room simulations compared to others.

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    Scientific presentation of a sound localisation experiment

    Original Title

    [Auralization] Sound Localisation Experiment

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    This document describes a large-scale experiment on binaural sound localization that was conducted with over 800 participants at a science exhibition. The experiment tested participants' ability to locate sounds in different simulated environments including anechoic and reverberant conditions. Analysis of the results found that participants generally localized sounds accurately but with some biases, and performed better and faster with some sound stimuli and room simulations compared to others.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial No-Derivs (BY-NC-ND)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    133 views20 pages

    (Auralization) Sound Localisation Experiment

    Uploaded by

    dorientoon40
    This document describes a large-scale experiment on binaural sound localization that was conducted with over 800 participants at a science exhibition. The experiment tested participants' ability to locate sounds in different simulated environments including anechoic and reverberant conditions. Analysis of the results found that participants generally localized sounds accurately but with some biases, and performed better and faster with some sound stimuli and room simulations compared to others.

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    You are on page 1of 20

    Large-scale auralised

    sound localisation experiment


    Enzo De Sena1 , Neofytos Kaplanis2,3 ,
    Patrick A. Naylor4 , and Toon van Waterschoot1

    1 KU Leuven 2 Bang & Olufsen


    3 Aalborg University
    4 Imperial College London

    AES 60th Intern. Conf., 3 Feb. 2016


    Outline 2/19

    1 Motivation

    2 Experiment

    3 Data analysis

    4 Summary
    Outline 3/19

    1 Motivation

    2 Experiment

    3 Data analysis

    4 Summary
    Objective 4/19

    I Objective of this study is to investigate binaural sound localisation


    performance in an informal setting and with little training
    I Vast literature on localisation, but mostly few highly trained
    participants
    I Study conditions more similar to those in consumer applications
    I Design an experiment that is suitable and entertaining
    Outline 5/19

    1 Motivation

    2 Experiment

    3 Data analysis

    4 Summary
    Participants 6/19

    I Summer Science Exhibition of the Royal Society (July 2015)


    I ≈ 15000 visitors over the course of a week
    I 893 people participated in the test
    Apparatus 7/19

    I Rotating platform
    I Auralised experiment
    I Bang & Olufsen BeoPlay H6
    I iPad mounted at eye level

    I Rotation measured using iPad gyroscope


    I Asked people to look at the iPad
    Procedure 8/19

    I Visitor introduced to apparatus and task


    I Self-paced and self-controlled using custom GUI on iPad
    I Choose from 3 conditions: anechoic, reverberant and close to wall
    I Task: rotate the platform until sound source appeared to be in front
    Sound stimuli 9/19

    I Two anechoic sound samples:


    I Speech
    I African percussions
    I Two HRTF datasets:
    I KEMAR MIT
    I CIPIC (measurement with anthropometric features closest to avg)
    I Conditions:
    I Anechoic: source in free-field at same height of listener
    I Reverberant: room simulated in real-time (two source directions)
    Condition Width Lx Length Ly Height Lz T60 DRR
    Typical room 7.35 m 5.33 m 2.5 m 0.30 s 1.0 dB
    High ceiling 7.35 m 5.33 m 8.0 m 0.45 s 4.5 dB
    High reverb. 7.35 m 5.33 m 2.5 m 0.45 s 0.2 dB

    I Initial look direction randomised


    Bang and Olufsen. Music for Archimedes. CD B&O 101. 1992.
    Scattering Delay Network (SDN) 10/19

    I Network of delay lines connected at scattering points on the wall


    I First order reflections correct in delay, amplitude and HRTF weighting
    I Coarser approximation of higher order reflections
    I Explicit control of model parameters (e.g. room size, absorption etc)

    De Sena et al. “Efficient Synthesis of Room Acoustics via Scattering Delay Networks,”
    IEEE TrASLP 2015
    Summary 11/19

    Anechoic input

    I-order
    refl. 1

    Left ear
    SDN
    Room Simulator
    Right ear
    I-order
    refl. N

    Gyroscope
    Outline 12/19

    1 Motivation

    2 Experiment

    3 Data analysis

    4 Summary
    Anechoic condition 13/19

    25

    Frequency Percent
    20

    15

    10

    0
    -180.00 -90.00 .00 90.00 180.00

    Error [deg]

    I Bi-modal distribution (front and back image) + uniform (error)


    I People did remarkably well:
    I 22% error < ±2.5 deg
    I 52% error < ±7.5 deg
    I 12% error > ±152.5 deg–front/back reversal
    I Slight rightward bias
    Mean analysis 14/19

    I Mean −2.0 deg, i.e. to the left


    I Mean of linear variable is misleading
    I E.g. uniform in > ±90 deg is concentrated in back but 0 mean
    I Common literature approach: "genuine errors" < ±45 deg
    I Now mean is +1.84 deg (binomial test: p<0.001)
    I Percussions +1.08 deg, speech +2.57 deg (Mann-Whitney: p=0.031)
    I KEMAR +2.36 deg, CIPIC +1.35 deg (Mann-Whitney: p=0.004)
    Source position

    Close to wall
    Typical Room
    High Ceiling
    High reverb.

    Far from wall

    -8.00 -6.00 -4.00 -2.00 0.00 2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00

    Mean Error [deg]


    Some more data analysis 15/19

    I New results since paper submission


    (data available online)
    I Not just angles, but trajectories etc.

    ]
    [deg
    I Most front/back confusions when

    ngle
    starting around the back

    ial a
    Init
    I Time to complete test–indication of localisation uncertainty
    I Percussions: 22.6 s and speech: 28.8 s (t-test p < 0.001)
    Anechoic Typical room High ceiling higher reverb.
    I
    28.0 s 25.0 s 27.2 s; 26.6 s
    Outline 16/19

    1 Motivation

    2 Experiment

    3 Data analysis

    4 Summary
    Summary 17/19

    I Study localisation performance in informal setting and little training


    I Design suitable and engaging experiment
    I Subjects performed remarkably well (52% < ±7.5 deg)
    I MIT database more to the right than CIPIC
    I Speech more to the right than percussions
    I Most front/back confusions when starting around the back
    I Less time to make decision for percussions than speech
    I Less time to make decision for typical room than anechoic

    I Please visit the demo tomorrow!


    Acknowledgments 18/19

    The authors would like to thank Niccolò Antonello, Naveen Desiraju,


    Clement Doire, Christine Evers, Sina Hafezi, Mathieu Hu, Hamza Javed,
    Ante Jukić, Adam Kuklasinski, Alastair Moore, Pablo Peso, Richard
    Stanton, Giacomo Vairetti, and Costas Yiallourides, for helping carry out
    the experiment; Benjamin Cauchi, Clement Doire, and Mathieu Hu for
    helping set up the experiment; Ray Thompson for designing and building
    the structure of the rotating platform; and all the subjects for taking part
    in the experiment.
    THANKS!
    THANKS!
    Questions?

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