IS tank family

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Iosif Stalin tank

IS-2 model 1943 and IS-3 at the Great Patriotic War Museum, Minsk, Belarus

Type Heavy tank

Place of origin Soviet Union

Service history

Used by Soviet Union

China
Cuba

Czechoslovakia
East Germany
Hungary

Egypt
Poland
North Korea
 World War II
Wars
Korean War

Hungarian Revolution of 1956

Six-Day War

Prague Spring

War in Donbas[1]

Production history

Designer Zhozef Kotin

Nikolay Dukhov

Designed 1943 (IS-2)

1944 (IS-3)

1944–45 (IS-4)

Manufacturer Kirov Factory, UZTM

Unit cost IS-2: 264,400 rubles[2]

Produced 1943–44 (IS-1)

1944–45 (IS-2)

1945–47 (IS-3)

1947–49 (IS-4)

No. built 207 (IS-1)[3]

3,854 (IS-2)

2,311 (IS-3)

250 (IS-4)

6 (IS-7)(prototypes)[4]

Specifications (IS-2 Model 1944[5])

Mass 46 tonnes (51 short tons; 45 long tons)

Length 9.90 m (32 ft 6 in)

Width 3.09 m (10 ft 2 in)

Height 2.73 m (8 ft 11 in)

Crew 4

Armor IS-2 Model 1943:

 Hull front: 120 mm

Lower glacis: 100 mm at 30° angle

Turret front: 100 mm (rounded)

Mantlet: 155 mm (rounded)

Hull side: 90–130 mm at 9-25°

Turret side: 90 mm at 20° angle.

Main D-25T 122 mm gun (28 rounds)

armament

Secondary 1×DShK, 3×DT (2,079 rounds)

armament

Engine 12-cyl. diesel model V-2

600 hp (450 kW)

Power/weight 13 hp/tonne

Suspension torsion bar

Fuel capacity 820 l (180 imp gal; 220 US gal)

Operational 295 km (183 mi)

range

Maximum speed 37 km/h (23 mph)

The IS Tank was a series of heavy tanks developed as a successor to the KV-series by
the Soviet Union during World War II. The IS acronym is the anglicized initialism
of Joseph Stalin (Ио́сиф Ста́лин, Iosif Stalin). The heavy tanks were designed with
thick armor to counter German 88 mm guns and carried a main gun capable of
defeating Panzer IV tanks. They were mainly designed as breakthrough tanks, firing a
heavy high-explosive shell that was useful against entrenchments and bunkers. The IS-
2 went into service in April 1944 and was used as a spearhead by the Red Army in the
final stage of the Battle of Berlin. The IS-3 served on the Chinese-Soviet border,
the Hungarian Revolution, the Prague Spring and on both sides of the Six-Day War.
The series eventually culminated in the T-10 heavy tank.

Contents

 1Design and production

o 1.1KV-85 IS-85/IS-122 and IS-2
o 1.2Object 703 IS-3
 o 1.3Object 701 IS-4
o 1.4Object 705A IS-5
o 1.5Object 252/253 IS-6
o 1.6Upgraded version of IS-6
o 1.7Object 260 IS-7
o 1.8Object 730 T-10
o 1.9Comparisons
 2Combat history
 3Variants
 4Operators
 5Surviving vehicles
o 5.1Gallery
 6See also
o 6.1Tanks of comparable role, performance and era
 7Notes
 8References
 9Sources
 10External links

Design and production[edit]

KV-85 IS-85/IS-122 and IS-2[edit]
Main article: IS-2
The KV-85 heavy tank was a modification of the KV-1s heavy tank. The tank was a
result of the USSR's tank design bureau being torn in two, one half focusing on the KV-
85 and its variants, and the other working on the later IS series. The IS-85 was soon
finished and it combined the hull of the KV-13, and the new turret from the KV-85, and
the same D-5T gun as both tanks. In December 1943, the IS-85 was up gunned with the
100mm BS-3 gun, creating the IS-100, and the IS-122, armed with the A19 gun (later
adopted and renamed as the D-25T). The IS-122 was found to be better in trials, and
the IS-100 was dropped. The IS-122 was renamed to IS-2 and production started with
the 1943 model using a KV-13 chassis. The 1944 model was produced with a revised
front slope that was better from an armor point of view while still saving weight. The first
few KV-85 tanks were produced in 1943 as a stopgap while the IS-1's development
cycle was wrapped up. Production in bulk of the IS series started in February 1944 and
ended nearing the end of World War II. By the end of World War II, 3,854 IS-2 model
1943 and model 1944's combined were produced.
Object 703 IS-3[edit]
Main article: IS-3 (tank)
There are two tanks known as IS-3: Object 244 was an IS-2 rearmed with the long-
barrelled 85 mm cannon (D-5T-85-BM) and developed by the Leningrad Kirov Plant
(LKZ), which was never series-produced for service use.
The IS-3 known as Object 703 is a Soviet heavy tank developed in late 1944. Its semi-
hemispherical cast turret (resembling an upturned soup bowl), became the hallmark of
post-war Soviet tanks. Its pike nose design was also mirrored by other tanks of the IS
tank family such as the IS-7 and T-10 tank. Too late to see combat in World War II, the
IS-3 participated in the Berlin Victory Parade of 1945, on the Chinese-Soviet border,
the Soviet invasion of Hungary, the Prague Spring and the Six-Day War.
Object 701 IS-4[edit]
Main article: IS-4
There are two tanks known as IS-4: Object 245 and Object 701. Object 245 was an IS-2
rearmed with a long 100 mm D-10T cannon.
The IS-4 known as the Object 701 was a Soviet heavy tank that started development in
1943 and began production in 1946. Derived from the IS-2 and part of the IS tank family
the IS-4 featured a longer hull and increased armor. With the IS-3 already in production,
and when sluggish mobility and decreased need for tanks (particularly heavy tanks)
became an issue, many were sent to the Russian Far East with some eventually
becoming pillboxes along the Chinese border in the 1960s. Less than 250 were
produced.
Object 705A IS-5[edit]
Main article: T-10 tank
The IS-5, is merely one of the many designations given to what would ultimately
become the T-10 tank.[6]
Object 252/253 IS-6[edit]
There existed two different IS-6s: the Object 253 was an attempt to develop a practical
electrical transmission system for heavy tanks. Similar systems had been tested
previously in France and the United States and had been used with limited success in
the German Elefant/Ferdinand tank destroyer during World War II. The experimental
transmission proved unreliable and was dangerously prone to overheating, and
development was discontinued. The alternative Object 252 shared the same hull and
turret as the Object 253, but used a different suspension with no return rollers, and a
conventional mechanical transmission. The design was deemed to offer no significant
advantages over the IS-2, just the reload time was less, and the IS-6 project was halted.
Upgraded version of IS-6[edit]
Since the IS-6 proved to have no significant advantages over IS-2 and its rival IS-4, in
November 1944, they decided to dramatically upgrade the tank. The project was called
"Object 252U" (U stands for "Improvement" in Russian). The tank featured a heavily
sloped pike-nose armor, a new 122mm D-13T gun, and more slope on the sides and
rear. The design proved to be problematic in terms of crew comfort since the interior
was too cramped and the design was cancelled.
Object 260 IS-7[edit]
Main article: IS-7
The IS-7 heavy tank design began in Leningrad in 1945 by Nikolai Fedorovich
Shashmurin[7][8] and was developed in 1948.[9][10] Weighing 68 tonnes, thickly armoured
and armed with a 130 mm S-70 long-barrelled gun, it was the largest and heaviest
member of the IS family.[11]
Object 730 T-10[edit]
Main article: T-10 tank
The IS-8[12] (also known as Objekt 730) was the final development of the KV and IS tank
series. It was accepted into service in 1952 as the IS-8, [12] but due to the political climate
in the wake of Stalin's death in 1953, it was renamed T-10, as it was the tenth heavy
tank in Soviet service.[13]
The biggest differences from its direct ancestor, the IS-3, were a longer hull, seven pairs
of road wheels instead of six, a larger turret mounting a new gun with fume extractor, an
improved diesel engine, and increased armour. General performance was similar,
although the T-10 could carry more ammunition.
T-10s (like the earlier tanks they replaced) were deployed in independent tank
regiments belonging to armies, and independent tank battalions belonging to divisions.
These independent tank units could be attached to mechanized units, to support
infantry operations and perform breakthroughs.
The T-10M is the final iteration of this type. It featured a longer gun barrel than previous
models with 5-baffle muzzle brake and 14.5 mm machine gun. This was the last Soviet
heavy tank to enter service. When the advanced T-64 MBT became available it
replaced the T-10 in front line formations.
Comparisons[edit]

IS-3

IS-4
 

An IS-7 tank during trials (1948)

T-10M in the Museum of The History of Ukraine in World War II, Kyiv.

Soviet heavy tanks of World War II[14]

T-35 T-100 SMK KV-1 KV-1 KV-1 KV- KV- IS-2 IS-3[15]
[16]
M1940 M194 M194 1S 85 M1945[clarifi
1 2 M194 M19 cation needed]
M194
2 43 5

Crew 11 7 7 5 5 5 5 4 4 4

Weight 45 58 55 43 45 47 42.5 46 46 46.5

(tonnes)

Main 76.2 mm 76.2 76.2 76.2 m 76.2 76.2 76.2 85 m 122 mm 122 m
armamen M. 27/32 mm mm m mm mm mm m D-25T m
t L-11 L-11 F-32 F-34 ZiS-5 ZiS-5 D-5T D-
25T

Ammunit 100 – – 111 111 114 114 70 28 28

ion

Secondar 2×45 mm 45 m 45 m 2×DT 4×DT 4×DT 4×DT 3×D 3×DT, DS 2×DT

y 5×7.62 m m m T hK ,
armamen m DShK
t

Engine 500 hp 500 hp 850 hp 600 hp 600 hp 600 hp 600 hp 600 h 600 hp 600 h
M-17M g AM- V-2K V-2 V-2 V-2 p V-2 p
asoline 34 diesel V-2 V-2-
IS

Fuel 910 – – 600 600 600 975 975 820 520 +

(litres) 270

Road spe 30 35 36 35 35 28 45 40 37 37
ed (km/h)

Road ran 150 – 150 230 220 210 380 350 295 185
ge (km) (285)

Armor 11–30 20–70 20–60 25–75 30–90 20– 30–82 30– 30–160 20–
(mm) 130 160 220
[clarification needed]

Combat history[edit]
Main articles: IS-2 § Combat history, and IS-3 (tank) § Combat History
The IS-2 entered combat in World War II during the first months of 1944. The Soviets
produced significant numbers of the type (close to 4,000), and deployed them against
the most advanced German designs of the time, notably the Tiger I, Tiger II,
and Panther, as well as against Elefant tank destroyers. The IS-2 was best used for
bunker assault using its high-explosive ammunition, as its reload rate, just 2 rounds per
minute, made it ineffective as a tank destroyer. The IS-3 saw service on the Chinese-
Soviet border, the Soviet invasion of Hungary, the Prague Spring and on both sides of
the Six-Day War. However the mobility and firepower of medium-tanks and the
evolution of the main battle tank rendered heavy tanks obsolete.

Variants[edit]
KV-85
A stopgap model built from a modified KV-1S hull mated
to an Object 237(IS-1)'s turret and armed with the
85 mm D-5T.[17]
IS-85 (IS-1)
1943 model armed with an 85 mm gun. When IS-2
production started, many were re-gunned with 122 mm
guns before being issued.
IS-100
A prototype version armed with a 100 mm gun; it went
into trials against the IS-122 which was armed with a
122 mm gun. Though the IS-100 was reported to have
better anti-armor capabilities, the latter was chosen due
to better all-around performance.
IS-122 (IS-2 model 1943)
1943 model, armed with A-19 122 mm gun (later
adopted as the D-25T gun). Production ended after
World War II.
IS-2 model 1944
1944 improvement with D-25T 122 mm gun, with faster-
loading drop breech and new fire control, and improved
frontal hull armour using thinner armour with a more
efficient shape.
IS-2M
1950s modernization of IS-2 tanks.
IS-3
1944 armor redesign, with new rounded turret, angular
front hull casting, integrated stowage bins over the
tracks. Internally similar to IS-2 model 1944, and
produced concurrently. About 350 built during the war.
IS-3M
(1952) Modernized version of IS-3. Fitted with additional
jettisonable external fuel tanks and improved hull
welding.
IS-4
1944 design, in competition against the IS-3. Longer hull
and thicker armor than IS-2. About 250 were built, after
the war.[18]
IS-6
Prototype with an experimental electrical transmission.
Chassis tested further with a conventional transmission
after failure of the experimental system, but not deemed
a significant enough improvement over existing heavy
tank designs to warrant mass production.[19]
IS-N
Prototypes most defying feature was its black armor for
night ops with experimental infrared night vison optics.
Also had an experimental electrical transmission.
Chassis tested further with a conventional transmission
after failure of the experimental system, but not deemed
a significant enough improvement over existing heavy
tank designs to warrant mass production.[19]IS-N:
Prototype with an experimental electrical transmission.
Only one was ever found in shambles in a water melon
field. Chassis tested further with a conventional
transmission after failure of the experimental system,
but not deemed a significant enough improvement over
existing heavy tank designs to warrant mass production.
[19]

IS-7
1946 prototype, only three built. The IS-7 model 1948
variant had a weight of 68 metric tons and it was armed
with the 130 mm S-70 naval cannon (7020 mm long
barrel). The assisted loader can achieve up to 8 rounds
per minute. Other equipment included stabilizers,
infrared night scopes, and 8 machine guns. The hull
armor was 150 mm placed at 50-52 degree angles. On
the turret, the frontal thickness was 240–350 mm at an
angle of 45-0 degrees. The IS-7 had a crew of five, with
the driver in the hull, the commander and gunner in the
front of the turret, with both loaders in the rear of the
turret. A Slostin machine gun was to be installed as its
AA armament.[11][20]
IS-10
[12]
1952 improvement with a longer hull, seven pairs of
road wheels instead of six, a larger turret mounting a
new gun with fume extractor, an improved diesel
engine, and increased armor. Renamed T-10 as part of
the Destalinization of the Soviet Union in the 1950s.

Operators[
edit]
China

 People's
Liberation
Army: 60 IS-
2s delivered
in 1950–
1951.
Operated
during the
Korean War
and in
concrete
 bunkers
along the
Sino-Soviet
border.
Cuba

 Cuban
Army: 41 IS-
2Ms
delivered in
1960.
Czechoslo
vakia

 Czechoslov
ak Army: 8
IS-2/IS-2M
in service
between
1945-1960.
Two IS-3
delivered in
1949 were
used only
for trials and
military
parades.
East
Germany

 NVA: 60 IS-
2 delivered
1956.
Operated
until 1963.
Egypt

 Egyptian
Army: 100
IS-3M
operated
from 1956-
1967, some
in use in the
Six-Day
War 1967.
 Nazi
Germany

 Wehrmacht:
Captured
one or two
IS-2 in May
1945.[21]
Hungary

 Hungarian
People's
Army: 68 IS-
2s in service
between
1950-1956.
After the
crackdown
of
the Hungari
an
Revolution
of 1956 all
were
returned to
the Soviet
Union.[22]
Israel

 IDF: Three
IS-3M
captured
from Egypt
in 1967.
Reused as
indirect fire
artillery on
the
Sinai's Bar
Lev line and
as fixed
turret
bunkers
fortifications
along
the Jordan
 Valley fronti
er.
North
Korea

 Korean
People's
Army: Small
number of
IS-2s; never
deployed in
combat in
the Korean
War.
Poland

 Polish Land
Forces:
Approximat
ely 71 IS-2s
used in
combat
between
1944-1945.
180 IS-2s
survived as
of 1955, and
remained in
service until
the 1960s;
some later
were
converted
to armoured
recovery
vehicles.
Two IS-3s
were bought
in 1946 for
trials only.
Romania

 Romanian
Land
Forces: One
IS-2
 captured
during
clashes on
the
Romanian
border
between 28
May and 7
June 1944.
The tank
was
subsequentl
y exhibited
in Bucharest
.[23]
South
Ossetia

 South
Ossetian
Army:
Operated
some IS-2s,
IS-3s and T-
10s until
1995.
Soviet
Union

 Red Army:
Heavy
Breakthroug
h Tank from
1944-1945.
 Soviet
Army:
Phased out
of service in
the early-
1970s.
Novorossiy
an rebels

 One IS-3,
previously
displayed
 on a
pedestal in
the village
of
Aleksandro-
Kalynove
near Kostia
ntynivka as
a World War
II memorial,
used in
combat by
the Novoros
siyan Armed
Forces in
the 2014
pro-Russian
unrest in
Ukraine.[24] K
ostiantynivk
a was
retaken by
Ukrainian
forces on 7
July 2014,
along with
the IS-3.[25][26]

Surviving
vehicles[edit
]
There are
several
surviving IS
series tanks,
with examples
found at the
following:
IS-2

 Os. Górali
[standing
tank],
Kraków,
Poland
 Polish Army
Museum,
Warsaw,
Poland
 Museum of
Arms in Fort
Winiary,
Poznań,
Poland
 Museum of
Armoured
Weapon in
Training
Center of
Land
Forces,
Poznań,
Poland
(operational,
see movie)
 Tank
Museum of
the People's
Liberation
Army,
Beijing,
China.
 Liberty
Park,
Overloon,
The
Netherlands
.
 Museum of
The History
of Ukraine
in World
War II,
Ukraine
 Kurzeme
Fortress
Museum,
Zante,
Latvia.
 Diorama
Battle of
Kursk, in
Belgorod,
Russia.
 The Americ
an Heritage
Museum, Gr
eater
Boston,
USA
 Army
Technical
Museum,
Lešany,
Czech
Republic[27] (
previously in
Prague as
a Monument
to Soviet
tank crews)
 Orvidai
Homestead
- Museum,
Kretinga,
Lithuania
IS-2M

 Imperial
War
Museum
Duxford,
England.
 Kubinka
Tank
Museum,
Russia.
 Victory Park
(Park
Pobedy -
Парк
Победы),
Ulyanovsk,
Russia.
 Victory Park
at
Poklonnaya
Gora,
Moscow,
Russia.
IS-3

 IDF
Armoured
Corps
Museum,
Israel.
 Museum of
Armoured
Arms,
Training
Center of
Land
Forces,
Poznań,
Poland
 Army
Technical
Museum,
Lešany,
Czech
Republic
(operational
).[27]
 Polish Army
Museum,
Warsaw,
Poland.
(Fort
Czerniaków
branch of
the
Museum).
 National
Armor and
Cavalry
Museum,
Fort
Benning,
Georgia,
 United
States.
 Victory Park
in the
northern
part of
Ulyanovsk,
Russia.
 Ulyanovsko
e SVU,
Ulyanovsk,
Russia
 Military
Glory
Museum, G
omel,
Belarus.
 Diorama
Battle of
Kursk, in
Belgorod,
Russia.
 At least one
IS-3 was
used by the
separatist
government
in Donbas
before being
captured by
Ukrainian
forces.
IS-3M

 Egyptian
National
Military
Museum, C
airo Citadel,
Egypt.
 Military
Vehicle
Technology
Foundation,
California,
 United
States.[28]
 Royal
Museum of
the Armed
Forces and
of Military
History,
Brussels,
Belgium.
(still
operational)
IS-4

 Kubinka
Tank
Museum,
Russia.
IS-7

 Kubinka
Tank
Museum,
Russia.
Gallery[edit]

IS-2


 IS-2M

IS-2M at the
Kubinka Tank
Museum

The IS-3 at
the Military
Technical
Museum
Lešany

IS-3 heavy
tank at the
Museum
Polskiej
Techniki
Wojskowej in
Warsaw.
 

Former
Egyptian Army
IS-3M

See
also[edit]
 Tanks
portal

 KV-1 heavy
tank
 T-10 heavy
tank
 ISU-152 ass
ault gun
 ISU-122 ass
ault gun
 List of
Soviet tanks
 March of the
Soviet
Tankmen
Tanks of
comparable
role,
performanc
e and
era[edit]

 German Tig
er I heavy
tank –
comparable
to IS-1/IS-
85
 German Tig
er II heavy
tank –
comparable
to IS-2
model
1943/44 and
IS-3
 United
States M26
Pershing m
edium tank
–
comparable
to IS-2
model
1943/44
 British Cent
urion heavy
cruiser
tank -
comparable
to IS-1/IS-2
 British Conq
ueror heavy
tank
designed
after World
War II -
comparable
to IS-3/IS-4
 French AMX
50 prototype
heavy tank
–
comparable
to IS-2
model
1943/44 and
IS-3/IS-4

Notes[edit]
Reference
s[edit]
1. ^ Peck,
Michael (2
July
2014). "Th
e
Ukrainian
Rebels'
New
Weapon Is
a World
War II
Tank".
War is
Boring.
Retrieved
30
October 2
018.
2. ^ "Себест
оимость
некоторы
х типов
советски
х танков
по годам".
3. ^ "IS-1
total
production
".
4. ^ Nicholas
Moran. "In
side the
Chieftain's
Hatch: IS-
7 Part
2". Youtub
e. World of
Tanks
North
America.
5. ^ Zaloga &
Grandsen
1984,
p. 176.
6. ^ Kinnear,
James;
Sewell,
Stephen
(29 June
2017). Sov
iet T-10
Heavy
Tank and
Variants.
Bloomsbur
y
Publishing.
 ISBN 9781
47282053
2.
7. ^ Nicolas
Moran (9
December
2014). "Ins
ide the
Chieftain's
Hatch: IS-
7 Part
1". World
of Tanks
North
America.
Youtube.
8. ^ "IS-7
(Object
260)
Heavy
Tank -
Tanks
Encyclope
dia". Tank
Encyclope
dia. 5 May
2017.
9. ^ "Советс
кий
тяжелый
танк ИС-
7 [IS-7
Soviet
heavy
tank]".
Tankmuse
um.ru.
2016-01-
05.
Retrieved
2016-02-
21.[permanent dead
link]

10. ^ "Heavy
soviet
tanks".
Tankmuse
um.ru.
1945-09-
09.
Archived
from the
original on
May 22,
2011.
Retrieved
2011-06-
15.
11. ^ Jump up
to:a b
Zaloga
1994,
p. 17.
12. ^ Jump up
to:a b c
Miller
2000, p.
250.
13. ^ Gao,
Charlie (8
December
2018). "Me
et Stalin's
Cold War
Monster:
The T-10M
Heavy
Tank". The
National
Interest.
14. ^ Zaloga &
Grandsen
1984,
pp. 119,
176.
15. ^ "IS-3
Model
1945". on
war.com.
Archived
from the
originalon
2014-08-
11.[unreliable
source?]

16. ^ Miller,
David
(1999). Th
e Cold
War: A
History. IS
BN 0-312-
24183-6.
17. ^ Zaloga
1994,
pp. 5–6.
18. ^ Zaloga
1994,
p. 19.
19. ^ Jump up
to:a b c
Zalog
a 1994,
p. 20.
20. ^ Nikiforov
,
Alexei. "IS
 -7: the
armored
wonder?".
PKKA CA.
Retrieved
9
October 2
014.
21. ^ Das
letzte Jahr
der
deutschen
Heeres
1944-1945
" von
Wolfgang
Fleischer /
Podzun-
Pallas
Verlag
22. ^ József,
Cseh
(Winter
2012). "A
Magyar
Néphadser
eg
fegyverzett
el való
ellátásána
k néhány
problémája
az 1950-es
évek
elején" [So
me
Problems
of
Supplying
the
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л
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RIA
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 Glantz, David
M.; House,
DJonathan M.
(2015). When
 Titans Clashed.
How the Red
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University
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2152-1.
 Jentz, Thomas
(1995). Germa
ny's Panther
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Quest for
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Atglen,
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 Jentz, Tom;
Doyle, Hillary
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illustrated by
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 Perrett, Bryan
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1945. London:
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7137-1735-1.
 Sewell,
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 Zaloga,
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IS-2 Heavy
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 Zaloga,
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External
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