Lecture 1

Technological University ( Thanlyin)
Department of Mechatronic Engineering
McE-22015 & Engineering Mechanics
Daw Nwe Mee Kyaw

Lecturer
[email protected]
Course Outlines
• Lecture 1- Characteristics of Dry Friction & Problems

Involving Dry Friction
• Lecture 2- Wedges & Frictional Forces on Screws and Flat
Belts
• Lecture 3- Center of Gravity, Center of Mass & Centroid of
Volume, Area and Line
• Lecture 4- Remaining examples of Center of Gravity&

Centroid
• Lecture 5 -composite bodies & Theorems of Pappus and
Guldinus.
2
Continued
• Lecture 6 - Rectilinear Kinematics at Continuous Motion
• Lecture 7 - Rectilinear Kinematics at Erratic Motion &
Curvilinear Motions: Rectangular Components
• Lecture 8 - Motion of a Projectile & Curvilinear Motions:
Normal & Tangential Components
• Lecture 9 - Remaining Examples of Normal & Tangential

Components & Curvilinear Motions: Cylindrical
Components
• Lecture 10 - Absolute Dependent Motion Analysis of Two
Particles & Relative-Motion of Two Particles
Using Translating Axes
3
Continued
• Lecture 11 - Kinetics of a Particle: Equation of Motion

• Lecture 12 - Equations of Motion: Normal and Tangential
Coordinates
• Lecture 13 - The Work of a Force & Principle of Work and
Energy
• Lecture 14 - Power and Efficiency, Conservative Forces and
Potential Energy & Conservation of Energy
• Lecture 15 - Principle of Linear Impulse and Momentum &
Conservation of Linear Momentum for a system
of Particles
4
Title of Lecture in a week
• Characteristics of Dry Friction
• Equilibrium
• Impending Motion
• Problems Involving Dry Friction
- No Apparent Impending Motion
- Impending Motion at All Points of Contact
5
Objectives
• To introduce the concept of dry friction and show how to

analyze the equilibrium of rigid bodies subjected to this force.
6
Characteristics of Dry Friction
Friction-Friction is a force that resists the movement of two
contacting surfaces that slide relative to one another.
Resultant N acts a distance x to the right of

the line of action of W.
7
Equilibrium
Equations of Equilibrium
+
՜ ∑ 𝐹𝑥 = 0
P–F=0
+ ↑∑ 𝐹𝑦 = 0
N–W=0
+ 𝑀𝑜 = 0
W.x –P.h=0
8
Impending Motion
𝐹𝑠 = µ𝑠 N µ𝑠 is called the coefficient of static friction
When slipping at the surface of contact is about to occur, the maximum static
frictional force is proportional to the normal force, such that 𝐹𝑠 = µ𝑠 N
9
Problems Involving Dry Friction
▪ No Apparent Impending Motion
10
Impending Motion at All Points of
Contact
11
Example 8.1-The uniform crate shown in Fig. has a mass of 20 kg. If a force P =
80 N is applied to the crate, determine if it remains in equilibrium. The
coefficient of static friction is 𝜇𝑠 = 0.3.
+
՜ ∑ 𝐹𝑥 = 0 ; 80 cos 30˙ N - F = 0
+ ↑∑ 𝐹𝑦 = 0 ; -80 sin 30 ˙ N + NC - 196.2 N = 0
+∑ 𝑀𝑜 = 0 ; 80 sin 30 N(0.4 m) - 80 cos 30 N(0.2 m) + NC (x) = 0
Solving,
F = 69.3 N 𝐹𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝜇𝑠 𝑁𝑐
NC = 236.2 N = 0.3(236.2 N) = 70.9 N
x = -0.00908 m = -9.08 mm
x < 0.4 m (The crate’s center line of the resultant F = 69.3 N < 70.9 N,
normal force acts (slightly) to the left ) ( the crate will not slip ) 12
Example 8.2-It is observed that when the bed of the dump truck is raised to an angle
of θ = 25˙ the vending machines will begin to slide off the bed, Fig. Determine the
static coefficient of friction between a vending machine and the surface of the truck
bed.
Equations of Equilibrium 𝐹𝑠 = 𝜇𝑠 N
∑ 𝐹𝑥 = 0 ; W sin 25˙ - F = 0 W sin 25˙ = 𝜇𝑠 W cos 25˙

+
+ ∑ 𝐹𝑦 = 0 ; N - W cos 25˙ = 0 𝜇𝑠 = tan 25˙ = 0.466 Ans
+∑ 𝑀𝑜 = 0 ; -W sin 25˙(2.5 ft) + W cos 25˙(x) = 0 1.17 ft < 1.5 ft

W cos 25˙(x) = W sin 25˙(2.5 ft) The vending machine will slip.
x = 1.17 ft
13
Example 8.3-The uniform 10-kg ladder in Fig. rests against the smooth wall at B,
and the end A rests on the rough horizontal plane for which the coefficient of static
friction is 𝜇𝑠 = 0.3. Determine the angle of inclination u of the ladder and the normal
reaction at B if the ladder is on the verge of slipping.
𝐹𝐴 = 𝜇𝑠 𝑁𝐴 = 0.3 𝑁𝐴
+ ↑∑ 𝐹𝑦 = 0 ; 𝑁𝐴 − 10 9.81 = 0
𝑁𝐴 = 98.1 N
𝐹𝐴 = 0.3 𝑁𝐴 = 0.3 98.1 = 29.43 𝑁 14
+
՜ ∑ 𝐹𝑥 = 0 ; 29.43 N - 𝑁𝐵 = 0
𝑁𝐵 = 29.43 N Ans
+∑ 𝑀𝐴 = 0 ; 𝑁𝐵 ( 4 sin θ ) – ( 98.1 ) ( 2 cos θ ) = 0
( 29.43 ) ( 4 sin θ ) = ( 98.1 ) ( 2 cos θ )
sin θ
= tanθ = 1.6667
cos θ
θ = 59.0˙ Ans
15
Example 8.4-Beam AB is subjected to a uniform load of 200 N>m and is supported at
B by post BC, Fig. If the coefficients of static friction at B and C are 𝜇𝐵 = 0.2 and 𝜇𝐶
= 0.5, determine the force P needed to pull the post out from under the beam. Neglect
the weight of the members and the thickness of the beam.
+∑ 𝑀𝐴 = 0 ;
-800 (2) + 𝑁𝐵 (4) = 0
𝑁𝐵 = 400 N
16
+
՜ ∑ 𝐹𝑥 = 0 ; P - 𝐹𝐵 - 𝐹𝐶 = 0 (1)
+ ↑∑ 𝐹𝑦 = 0 ; 𝑁𝐶 − 400 𝑁 = 0 2
𝑁𝐶 = 400 N
+∑ 𝑀𝐶 = 0 ; -P(0.25 m) + 𝐹𝐵 (1 m) = 0 (3)
Solving ;
Post Slips at B and Rotates about C ( 𝐹𝐶 ≤ 𝜇𝐶 𝑁𝐶 )
𝐹𝐵 = 𝜇𝐵 𝑁𝐵 = 0.2 ( 400) = 80 N P = 267 N Ans
solving Eqs. 1 through 3, 𝑁𝐶 = 400 N

P = 320 N
𝐹𝐶 = 240 N 𝐹𝐶 = 200 N
𝐹𝐶 = 240 N > 𝜇𝐶 𝑁𝐶 = 0.5(400 N) = 200 N, slipping at C
So, 𝐹𝐵 = 67 N
Post Slips at C and Rotates about B ( 𝐹𝐵 ≤ 𝜇𝐵 𝑁𝐵 )
𝐹𝐶 = 𝜇𝐶 𝑁𝐶 ; 0.5 𝑁𝐶 = 0.5(400) = 200N (4)
Substitute in Eqs. 1; P - 𝐹𝐵 = 200 (1)
-P(0.25 m) + 𝐹𝐵 = 0 (3) 17
Example 8.5-Blocks A and B have a mass of 3 kg and 9 kg, respectively, and are
connected to the weightless links shown in Fig. Determine the largest vertical force P
that can be applied at the pin C without causing any movement. The coefficient of
static friction between the blocks and the contacting surfaces is 𝜇𝑠 = 0.3.
18
Equations of Equilibrium for pin C
+
՜ ∑ 𝐹𝑥 = 0 ; 𝐹𝐴𝐶 sin 30˙ - 𝐹𝐵𝐶 = 0
𝐹𝐵𝐶 = 0.5 𝐹𝐴𝐶

+ ↑∑ 𝐹𝑦 = 0 ; 𝐹𝐴𝐶 cos 30˙ - P = 0
𝐹𝐴𝐶 = 1.155P
𝐹𝐵𝐶 = 0.5775P
Equations of Equilibrium for Block A
+
՜ ∑ 𝐹𝑥 = 0 ; 𝐹𝐴 − 1.155Psin 30˙ = 0
𝐹𝐴 = 0.5775P (1)
+ ↑∑ 𝐹𝑦 = 0 ; 𝑁𝐴 - 1.155P cos 30˙ - 3(9.81) = 0

𝑁𝐴 = P + 29.43 N (2)
Equations of Equilibrium for Block B

+
՜ ∑ 𝐹𝑥 = 0 ; 0.5775P - 𝐹𝐵 = 0
19
𝐹𝐵 = 0.5775P (3)
+ ↑∑ 𝐹𝑦 = 0 ; 𝑁𝐵 - 9(9.81) = 0
𝑁𝐵 = 88.29N (4)
Assume that block A is slip,
𝐹𝐴 = 𝜇𝑠 𝑁𝐴 = 0.3 𝑁𝐴
0.5775P = 0.3 ( P + 29.43 )

P = 31.8 N Ans
Substitute in Eqs 3
𝐹𝐵 = 0.5775( 31.8) = 18.4 N
(𝐹𝐵 )𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝜇𝑠 𝑁𝐵 = 0.3(88.29) = 26.5 N
26.5 N > 18.4 N (Block B will not slip )
Thus, the above assumption is correct.
20
Conclusions
• Today, we are learned the concept of dry friction and the

equilibrium of rigid bodies. Next lecture is going to the about
of wedges and Frictional Forces on Screws & Flat Belts.
21

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Technological University ( Thanlyin)

Department of Mechatronic Engineering

McE-22015 & Engineering Mechanics

Daw Nwe Mee Kyaw

• Lecture 1- Characteristics of Dry Friction & Problems

• Lecture 4- Remaining examples of Center of Gravity&

• Lecture 9 - Remaining Examples of Normal & Tangential

• Lecture 11 - Kinetics of a Particle: Equation of Motion

• To introduce the concept of dry friction and show how to

Resultant N acts a distance x to the right of

𝐹𝑠 = µ𝑠 N µ𝑠 is called the coefficient of static friction

∑ 𝐹𝑥 = 0 ; W sin 25˙ - F = 0 W sin 25˙ = 𝜇𝑠 W cos 25˙

+ ∑ 𝐹𝑦 = 0 ; N - W cos 25˙ = 0 𝜇𝑠 = tan 25˙ = 0.466 Ans

+∑ 𝑀𝑜 = 0 ; -W sin 25˙(2.5 ft) + W cos 25˙(x) = 0 1.17 ft < 1.5 ft

+∑ 𝑀𝐴 = 0 ; 𝑁𝐵 ( 4 sin θ ) – ( 98.1 ) ( 2 cos θ ) = 0

( 29.43 ) ( 4 sin θ ) = ( 98.1 ) ( 2 cos θ )

-800 (2) + 𝑁𝐵 (4) = 0

𝐹𝐵 = 𝜇𝐵 𝑁𝐵 = 0.2 ( 400) = 80 N P = 267 N Ans

solving Eqs. 1 through 3, 𝑁𝐶 = 400 N

𝐹𝐶 = 𝜇𝐶 𝑁𝐶 ; 0.5 𝑁𝐶 = 0.5(400) = 200N (4)

Substitute in Eqs. 1; P - 𝐹𝐵 = 200 (1)

𝐹𝐵𝐶 = 0.5 𝐹𝐴𝐶

+ ↑∑ 𝐹𝑦 = 0 ; 𝑁𝐴 - 1.155P cos 30˙ - 3(9.81) = 0

Equations of Equilibrium for Block B

Assume that block A is slip,

0.5775P = 0.3 ( P + 29.43 )

(𝐹𝐵 )𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝜇𝑠 𝑁𝐵 = 0.3(88.29) = 26.5 N

26.5 N > 18.4 N (Block B will not slip )

Thus, the above assumption is correct.

• Today, we are learned the concept of dry friction and the

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