SIMONTINI

INDONESIA
DEFORESTATION 2023
AURIGA NUSANTARA - 21 MARCH 2024

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The importance of deforestation data

Climate change Biodiversity

Economy Health

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Existing deforestation data (1)

Category Primary forest - University of Maryland (UMD) Natural forest - Ministry of Environment and Forestry (KLHK)

Classification Intact primary forest Primary dryland forest

Primary mangrove forest
Primary peat swamp forest
Non-intact primary forest Secondary dryland forest
Secondary mangrove forest
Secondary peat swamp forest
Definisi Intact primary forest is defined as a large contiguous Forest categories cover seven land cover classes: primary
block of forest, not affected by human activity, and having and secondary dry forest; primary and secondary peat
a minimum area of 50,000 hectares. forest; primary and secondary mangrove forest; and
plantation forest.
Non-intact primary forest is defined as a smaller forest
fragments and areas of forest closer to, and within
zones of human activity and other disturbances. Such
disturbances include road construction, intensive logging,
and fires.

Sumber: Turubanova, S., Potapov, P.V., Tyukavina, A. and Hansen, M.C., 2018. Sumber: Margono, B., Usman, A.B., Budiharto, Sugardiman, R.A., 2016.

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Existing deforestation data (2)

Category Primary forest - University of Maryland (UMD) Natural forest - Ministry of Environment and Forestry (KLHK)

Mapping Interpretation of Landsat satellite imagery using semi- Visual interpretation of Landsat satellite imagery using
method automatic classification manual digitization
Satellite January – December July – June
imagery
acquisition
period
Minimum 0.09 hectares (30 x 30 meters) 6.25 hectares (250 x 250 meters)
mapping unit
Deforestation Loss of at least 30% canopy cover in areas of primary Changes from the seven forest land cover classes to non-
definition forest. Every loss of canopy cover in stands of primary forest classes (e.g., scrub, plantation)
forest included in calculations of global primary forest loss
(Hansen et al. 2013).
Deforestation Gross (forest cover loss without calculating tree cover Gross (forest cover loss without calculating tree cover
calculation regrowth/reforestation) regrowth/ reforestation); Net (forest cover loss minus
gains from forest regrowth/ reforestation)
Data 2001–2022 (annual) 1996, 2000, 2003, 2006, 2009, and 2011– 2022 (annual)
available for
analysis

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INDONESIA’S DISPUTED
DEFORESTATION DATA
Indonesia’s disputed 2022 deforestation data

Source: world resources institute Source: Ministry of Environment and Forestry

Results of the joint analysis can be accessed on the Global Forest Watch website,” Minister of
Environment and Forestry, Siti Nurbaya insisted during a visit to the field in Sebangau National
Park with United States Forest Service (USFS) Head, Randy Moore (Wednesday/24 January 2024).

Siti Nurbaya stated that steps in correcting Global Forest Watch (GFW) deforestation data were
taken after conducting a joint review on the ground in June 2023.

The WRI/GFW website then displayed a deforestation figure of 107,000 hectares for Indonesia.
Before this “correction”, the figure for 2022 had been 230,000 hectares.

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Independent forest mapping initiative

1. KLHK action “to correct” the GFW deforestation data was an intervention
against an academic process. Conversely, KLHK has never informed the
public about how it establishes its own deforestation data.
2. Auriga analyzed KLHK’s deforestation data for 2022:
• As the mapping period was from July 2021 to June 2022, it is erroneous to
call it annual deforestation, or 2022 deforestation.
• KLHK used a minimum mapping unit (MMU) of 6.25 hectares, which is
potentially unable to detect all occurrences of deforestation (those below
the MMU).
• Over the KLHK deforestation timeframe, 61,240 hectares of deforestation
were found over and above the area of deforestation according to KLHK.
• Throughout 2022, 73,000 hectares of deforestation were found over and
above the area of deforestation in 2022 according to KLHK.

Independent mapping of 2023 deforestation

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METHODOLOGY
1. Stages and data processing

Data Collecting Visual Inspection Alert Dataset Region Subset

Alert
Validation • Monthly GLAD alert, UMD • Monthly Planet Image - • True Positive • True Positive Alert
• Forest cover masking 4.77 meters • False Positive • Buffer 1 Km
• Loss Year 2000-2022 • Separated by 5 Island
and subset 38 province.

Forest cover Spatial Filter Random Forest Image Composites

Classification
• Forest • 200 pixels (0.5 • 100 Trees • Planet Image 4.77 meters
• Non-Forest hectares) • 10 Attributes • Median composite
quarterly (Q3 Y-1 to Q3 Y)

Changes Analysis Cross Thematic Map

Result
• Deforestation Area • Administrative Boundaries
• Forest Estate
• Concession: Mining, Oil Palm,
Pulp Wood, Selective Logging

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2. Validation of GLAD Alerts in Indonesia throughout 2023

Region Total False Positive %

Java, Bali and Nusa Tenggara 4,479 484 10.81%
Kalimantan 173,603 19,785 11.40%
Maluku 13,526 1,121 8.29%
Papua 33,073 5,485 16.58%
Sulawesi 50,006 4,894 9.79%
Sumatra 81,839 7,102 8.68%
Total verified alerts 356,526 38,871

1. The total number of alerts in Indonesia in 2023 was 2,568,954.

2. All of these alerts were overlaid with UMD annual canopy loss
data to eliminate possible repetition.
3. A total of 356,526 (14% of all alerts) were found and verified to be
deforestation.

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INDONESIA DEFORESTATION 2023

An increase in deforestation (2022 vs 2023)

Deforestation in 2022: Deforestation in 2023:

GFW : 230,003 hectares 257,384 hectares

KLHK : 104,000 hectares
TheTreeMap : 208,287 hectares
Auriga : 230,760 hectares

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Deforestation distribution in 2023

The region with the greatest extent of

deforestation: Kalimantan
Provinsi Luas Number of
Range (ha) polygons Total area (ha)
West Kalimantan 35,162
<1 24,984 17,731
Central Kalimantan 30,433
1 - 6,25 32,003 73,308
East Kalimantan 28,633
6,25 - 10 2,576 20,171
Central Sulawesi 16,679
10 - 100 3,829 90,702
South Kalimantan 16,067
100 - 500 152 27,911
North Kalimantan 14,316
500 - 1000 7 4,399
Riau 13,268
>1000 8 23,164
South Papua 12,640
Total 63,559 257,384
Central Papua 11,336
West Papua 10,990
Others 67,860
Total 257,384

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Deforestation in forest estate vs APL areas

Water body

151 ha
73.2% of
deforestation
occurred
Other land
use area (APL)
inside areas
of forest
68,839 ha

Production forest estate

149,139 ha
Conservation forest estate

12,631 ha

Protection forest estate

26,624 ha

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Deforestation inside conservation areas (12,612 ha)
6—South Tamrau
Mountains Nature Reserve

714 ha
9—Gunung Leuser
National Park Others
1—Pegunungan Jayawijaya
332 ha 4,822 ha 8—Lore Lindu
National Park
Wildlife Reservation

441 ha 1.591 ha
7—Tesso Nilo
National Park

471 ha

5—Kerinci Seblat
National Park
Deforestation 793 ha
occurred in 142
locations:
Kawasan Konservasi Jumlah Luas
10—Faruhumpenai 3—Mamberamo Foja 4—Pulau
National parks 31 4,267
Nature Reserve Wildlife Reservation Dolok Wildlife
Nature reserves 45 3,035 Reservation
Wildlife reservations 26 4,342 306 ha 1,033 ha
Game parks 3 29 2—Lorentz 825 ha
Great forest parks 11 331 National Park
Ecotourism parks 15 173 1,284ha
Others 11 435
Total 142 `12,612

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Deforestation inside concession areas

Note Area (ha)

Timber plantations (HTI) 36,247
Logging concessions (HPH) 29,941
Oil palm plantations 20,745
Mining concessions 19,544
Mining / HTI 5,938
Mining / HPH 5,424
Oil palm / Mining 2,885
Oil palm / HPH 648
Oil palm / HTI 334
Oil palm / mining / HPH 19
Oil palm / mining / HTI 2
Total 121,728

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Deforestation inside mining concessions (33,812 ha)
7—Batubara
Selaras Sapta

668 ha
9—Asmin
Bara Bronang 10—Anco Millenium
Indonesia
611 ha Others
520 ha 25,662 ha
5—Ridatama
Cahaya Abadi 1—Berau Coal

714 ha 1,346 ha
3—Vale Indonesia Tbk
6—Pusaka
Jaman Raja 954 ha
4—Weda Bay Nickel
713 ha
814 ha

8—Cita Mineral 2—Borneo Indobara

Investindo Tbk
1,175 ha
635 ha
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Deforestation inside timber plantation concessions (42,521 ha)

2—PT Industrial Forest Plantation 10—PT Tanjung Redeb Hutani

3,830 ha 681 ha Others

3—PT Jaya Bumi Paser 4—PT Hutan Rindang Banua 14,997 ha

1,893 ha 1.849 ha
1—PT Mayawana Persada 9—PT Adindo Hutani Lestari

15,052 ha 711 ha

6—PT Selaras Inti Semesta

939 ha
7—PT Sendawar Adhi Karya

854 ha
5—PT Grace Putri Perdana

959 ha 8—PT Baratama Putra Perkasa

758 ha

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Deforestation inside logging concessions (36,032 ha)

7—PT Inhutani I Unit Kunyit-Simendurut 9—PT ITCI Kayan Hutani

997 ha 883 ha
8—PT Inhutani I Unit Sambarata
3—PT Inhutani I (Unit Labanan) 4—PT Teluk
961 ha 1,156 ha
Bintuni Mina
Agro Karya
2—PT Dasa Intiga
5—PT Panambangan 1,091 ha
1,565 ha
1,021 ha 1—PT Inocin Abadi

1,698 ha
6—PT Kiani Lestari

1,016 ha

Others 10—PT Mutiara Alas

24,868 ha Khatulistiwa

776 ha

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Deforestation inside oil palm plantation concessions (24,634 ha)
3—Borneo Internasional Anugerah 6—Alam Lestari Indah

864 ha 751 ha
5—Permata Sawit Mandiri 9—Agro Kalimantan Lestari

782 ha 421 ha
2—Banyan Tumbuh Lestari
7—Lahan Agro Inti Ketapang 10—Mulia
Sawit Agro 972 ha 1—Inti Kebun Sawit
503 ha Lestari
1,745 ha
8—Binua Bantanan, Koperasi 407 ha
4—Subur Karunia Raya
484 ha 845 ha

Others

16,860 ha

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DATA DIALOG (deforestation)

1. Different methodologies are highly likely to generate different data

outcomes ➔ such variety is necessary to present a comprehensive
picture of deforestation, including identifying problems and causes.
1. Deforestation data for 2023 is available and can be accessed via
Simontini at: https://simontini.id/

The government should make a legal breakthrough - like issuing a

presidential regulation - to protect all remaining natural forest.

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