The Cause and Consequences of World War 1 and World War 2

THE CAUSE AND CONSEQUENCES OF WORLD WAR 1
AND WORLD WAR 2

1/- World War 1
World War I or the First World War, which started on the 28th of July
1914 and ended on the 11th of November 1918, was a global conflict
fought between two coalitions: the Allies and the Central Powers.
Fighting took place throughout Europe, the Middle East, Africa, the
Pacific, and parts of Asia.
On 28 June 1914, Archduke Franz Ferdinand, the heir presumptive to
the Austro-Hungarian throne, and his wife, Sophie, Duchess of
Hohenberg, were shot dead after a wrong turn by two gun shots in
Sarajevo by Gavrilo Princip, one of a group of six assassins (five Serbs
and one Bosniak) co-ordinated by Danilo Ilić, a Bosnian Serb and a
member of the Black Hand secret society. The assassination was
significant because it was perceived by Austria-Hungary as an
existential challenge and so was viewed as providing a casus belli
with Serbia. Emperor Franz Josef was eighty-four and so the
assassination of his heir, so soon before he was likely to hand over
the crown, was seen as a direct challenge to the empire. Many
ministers in Austria, especially Berchtold, argued that the act must be
avenged.
The aftermath of World War I saw far-reaching and wide-ranging
cultural, economic, and social change across Eurasia, Africa, and even
in areas outside those that were directly involved. Four empires
collapsed due to the war, old countries were abolished, new ones
were formed, boundaries were redrawn, international organizations
were established, and many new and old ideologies took a firm hold
in people's minds. World War I also had the effect of bringing political
transformation to most of the principal parties involved in the
conflict, transforming them into electoral democracies by bringing
near-universal suffrage for the first time in history, as in Germany
(1919 German federal election), Great Britain (1918 United Kingdom
general election), and Turkey (1923 Turkish general election).
2/- World War 2

World War II or the Second World War[b] was a global conflict that
lasted from 1939 to 1945. The vast majority of the world's countries,
including all the great powers, fought as part of two opposing military
alliances: the Allies and the Axis. Many participating countries
invested all available economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities
into this total war, blurring the distinction between civilian and
military resources. Aircraft played a major role, enabling the strategic
bombing of population centres and delivery of the only two nuclear
weapons ever used in war.
The causes of World War II have been given considerable attention
by historians. The immediate precipitating event was the invasion of
Poland by Nazi Germany on September 1, 1939, and the subsequent
declarations of war on Germany made by Britain and France, but
many other prior events have been suggested as ultimate causes.
Primary themes in historical analysis of the war's origins include the
political takeover of Germany in 1933 by Adolf Hitler and the Nazi
Party; Japanese militarism against China, which led to the Japanese
invasion of Manchuria and the Second Sino-Japanese War; Italian
aggression against Ethiopia, which led to the Second Italo-Ethiopian
War, the consent of Western countries to Germany's actions on the
annexation of Austria and the partition of Czechoslovakia and
Germany's initial success in negotiating the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact
with the Soviet Union to divide the territorial control of Eastern
Europe between them.
Two global superpowers, the Soviet Union (USSR) and the United
States (US), rose in the aftermath of World War II. The war's
aftermath was also defined by the rising threat of nuclear warfare,
the creation and implementation of the United Nations as an
intergovernmental organization, and the decolonization of Asia and
Africa by European and east Asian powers, most notably by the
United Kingdom, France, and Japan.
3/- Conclusion
In summary, we can keep in mind that both world war 1 and world
war 2 have resulted in millions of civilians and militaries being killed
and led to the creation of some ne countries.
- Mbackeh KA
3ème B

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THE CAUSE AND CONSEQUENCES OF WORLD WAR 1

AND WORLD WAR 2

2/- World War 2

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