CHEMISTRY TEST NAME: ______________________

ACID – BASE CONCEPTS DATE: ______________________

Directions: For each of the following questions, choose the number that best answers the
question and place it on your answer sheet.
Directions: For each of the following questions, all major steps must be shown to receive
full credit.

Acid - Base Concepts

Level 1
Multiple Choice

1. If a strong acid is spilled on one’s hand in the lab, one should first: 1) flood the skin
with a large amount of water; 2) flood the skin with a large amount of base which
has been diluted; 3) calculate the volume of base needed to neutralize the acid;
4) report to the instructor.
ANS: 1

2. According to the ionization theory, the ion present in all basic solutions is:
1) O-2(aq); 2) OH-(aq); 3) H3O-1(aq); 4) OH-2(aq).
ANS: 2

3. An example of a dihydroxy base is

1) NaOH; 2) NaAl(OH)4; 3) Al(OH)3; 4) Cd(OH)2.
ANS: 4

4. The acid which is a weak electrolyte is

1) hydrochloric; 2) sulfuric; 3)sodium bromide; 4) nitric; 5) acetic.
ANS: 5

5. Phosphoric acid has the formula

1) H3PO4; 2) H3PO3; 3) HPO3; 4) H3PO2; 5) none of these.
ANS: 1

6. An acid found in lemons is

1) hydrochloric; 2) acetic; 3) sulfuric; 4) citric; 5) carbonic.
ANS: 4

7. A sour taste is characteristic of

1) acids; 2) bases; 3) salts; 4)oxides; 5) alcohols.
ANS: 1

8. A strong acid is one that 1) is concentrated;

2) is highly ionized; 3) is very corrosive; 4) tastes very sour; 5) is slippery.
ANS: 2

9. A strong base is one that is 1) very corrosive;

2) extremely sour; 3) highly ionized; 4) a good reducing agent;
5) very concentrated.
ANS: 3
10. The terms strong and weak refer to 1) the concentration of the electrolyte;
2) the degree of ionization; 3) the amount of solvent; 4) the number of
electron pairs.
ANS: 2

11. The most common base is the 1) hydrogen ion;

2) hydronium ion; 3) hydroxide ion; 4) ammonium ion; 5) chloride ion.
ANS: 3

12. Acid solutions do not

1) taste sour; 2) feel slippery; 3) turn litmus pink; 4) conduct electricity.
ANS: 2

13. A binary acid has the formula

1) H2S; 2) HClO; 3) HNO3; 4) H3PO4; 5) H2CO3.
ANS: 1

14. A base is a(n) 1) proton donor; 2) proton acceptor;

3) electron donor; 4) electron acceptor; 5) neutron controller.
ANS: 2

15. An acid is a(n)

1) proton donor; 2) proton acceptor; 3) hydroxide producer;
4) electron acceptor; 5) electron donor.
ANS: 1

16. The ion responsible for the sour taste of a solution is

1) H+; 2) NH4+; 3) OH-; 4) Cl-; 5) SO4-2.
ANS: 1

17. Which ions account for the alkalinity of bases in water solution?
1) hydronium ions 2) sodium ions 3) ammonium ions 4) hydroxide ions
ANS: 4

18. Which of the following is an alkali?

1) Mg(OH)2 2) H2SO4 3) HC1 4) ZnCO3.
ANS: 1

19. Which apparatus delivers 50.0 ml of liquid most accurately?

1) 50 ml buret 3) 50 ml test tube
2) 50 ml beaker 4) 50 ml graduated cylinder 5) all are the same
ANS: 1

20. Which three pieces of equipment are specifically designed to measure the volume
of liquids directly and accurately? a) Beaker, b) Buret, c) Pipet, d) Erlenmeyer flask,
e) Graduated cylinder, f) Calorimeter.
1) a, e, f 2) b, c, e 3) b, e, f 4) d, e, f
ANS: 2
21. When making volume measurements with a buret, the level of the liquid should
be read: 1) at the bubble; 2) at the highest level; 3) at the bottom
of the meniscus; 4) at the top of the meniscus; 5) at the nearest line.
ANS: 3

22. A narrow-necked, glass-stoppered bottle contains sulfuric acid. When the acid
is being poured, the stopper should be
1) placed on the lab table. 3) held in the palm of the hand.
2) put into the reaction vessel. 4) held inverted between the index and the
middle fingers.
ANS: 4

23. Which drawing shows a pipet correctly filled for delivery?

1) 1 2) 2 3) 3 4) 4 5) 5
ANS: 2

24. The acid which etches glass is 1) hydrochloric acid;

2) hydrofluoric acid; 3) nitric acid; 4) phosphoric acid; 5) sulfuric acid.
ANS: 2

25. Nitric acid, HNO3, reacts with all of the following metals except:
1) sodium; 2) magnesium; 3) copper; 4) barium; 5) gold.
ANS: 5

26. Gold is dissolved by aqua regia, which is a mixture of

1) HNO3 and HC1. 3) H2SO4and HC1.
2) HNO3 and H2SO4. 4) HNO3 and Cl2.
ANS: 1

27. Aqua regia is a mixture of

1) sulfuric and hydrofluoric acids. 3) hydrochloric and nitric acids.
2) nitric and sulfuric acids. 4) sodium hydroxide and lye.
ANS: 3

28. Why is it dangerous to dilute sulfuric acid by pouring water into the concentrated acid?
1) A fire may be started. 2) The water may decompose. 3) A poisonous gas
may be evolved. 4) The heat liberated may cause spattering.
ANS: 4

29. The element found in common ternary acids but not in binary acids is
1) hydrogen; 2) chlorine; 3) oxygen; 4) sulfur.
ANS: 3
30. A ternary acid has the formula
1) HC1; 2) H2S; 3) H2F2; 4) HBrO; 5) H2NaPO4.
ANS: 4

31. Most of the nitric acid produced commercially is used in the preparation of fertilizers
and 1) ammonia; 2) explosives; 3) mordants; 4) anesthetics.
ANS: 2

32. The acid present in vinegar is

1) hydrochloric; 2) sulfuric; 3) nitric; 4) citric; 5) acetic.
ANS: 5

33. All of the following are strong acids except:

1) hydrochloric; 2) acetic; 3) nitric; 4) sulfuric; 5) aqua regia.
ANS: 2

34. An aqueous solution of NaCH3COO is alkaline because the solution contains more
1) acetate ions than water molecules. 3) hydronium ions than hydroxide ions.
2) sodium ions than water molecules. 4) hydroxide ions than hydronium ions.
ANS: 4

35. The addition of an equal volume of water to a very concentrated solution of acetic
acid results in 1) no change in conductivity; 2) oxidation; 3) decreased
conductivity; 4) 100% dissociation; 5) increased conductivity.
ANS: 5

36. Sodium nitrate is:

1) an element; 2) a binary compound; 3) a ternary compound; 4) a base.
ANS: 3

37. The ion associated with a solution which has a bitter taste is
1) H+; 2) H3O+; 3) OH-; 4) SO4-2.
ANS: 3

38. Which substance produces an acid when it reacts with water?

1) NaC1 2) CaO 3) SO3 4) NH3.
ANS: 3

39. Acids are substances which 1) turn litmus blue; 2) react with hydroxide ions;
3) form salts with metallic oxides; 4) have a bitter taste; 5) form salts with
non-metallic oxides.
ANS: 2

40. An acid that contains no oxygen is

1) hydrochloric; 2) nitric; 3) sulfurous; 4) sulfuric.
ANS: 1

41. What name is given to the reaction between hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions?
1) hydrolysis 3) hydrogenation
2) ionization 4) neutralization 5) photosynthesis
ANS: 4

42. When NaOH is neutralized with HC1, the resulting solution has a pH of
approximately 1) 1; 2) 5; 3) 7; 4) 10.
ANS: 3

43. A substance which combines with hydrogen ions is a(n)

1) acid; 2) base; 3) salt; 4) alcohol; 5) none of these.
ANS: 2

44. Neutralization produces a salt and 1) an acid;

2) a hydroxide; 3) an anhydride; 4) a non-metallic oxide; 5) none of these.
ANS: 5

45. Neutralization reactions usually form water and

1) acids; 2) bases; 3) oxides; 4) salts; 5) none of these.
ANS: 4

46. To neutralize sulfuric acid, use

1) vinegar; 2) salt; 3) oxygen; 4) ammonium hydroxide.
ANS: 4

47. A lemon has a sour taste because 1) all fruits are sour;
2) it contains a base; 3) it contains an acid; 4) it does not contain sugar.
ANS: 3

48. The combination of hydronium ions with hydroxide ions is known as

1) hydrolysis; 2) electrolysis; 3) hydrogenation; 4) neutralization.
ANS: 4

49. What volume of 6 M HNO3 would be needed to make 500 ml of 0.5 M solution?
1) 6 ml. 2) 24 ml. 3) 42 ml. 4) 419 ml. 5) 6 liters.
ANS: 3

50. Dilute hydrochloric acid was added drop by drop to a sodium hydroxide solution
until neither pink nor blue litmus changed color. During the investigation the product
of H+ and OH- in the beaker was 1 x l0-14 1) at no time; 2) at the end only;
3) at the beginning only; 4) at all times.
ANS: 4

51. The reaction between hydrogen ions and hydroxyl ions is called
1) hydrolysis; 2) ionization; 3) neutralization; 4) precipitation.
ANS: 3

52. The positive ion of an acid reacts with the negative ion of a base to produce:
1) an alcohol; 2) a salt; 3) a gas; 4) water.
ANS: 4

53. The number of molecules of sulfuric acid that can be neutralized by two molecules
of sodium hydroxide is: 1) 1; 2) 2; 3) 3; 4) 4.
ANS: 1

54. The endpoint of a neutralization reaction should occur at a pH of approximately

1) 1; 2) 7; 3) 10; 4) 14; 5) 0.
ANS: 2

55. If 20 ml of a 1.0 M hydrochloric acid solution are neutralized by 30 ml of sodium

hydroxide, then the concentration of the original base was:
1) 0.50 M; 2) 0.67 M; 3) 1.0 M; 4) 1.5 M; 5) none of these.
ANS: 2

56. Four hundred milliliters of 2.0 molarity base solution are neutralized by 80 ml.
of acid. What is the molarity of the acid?
1) 0.40 M 2) 2.00 M 3) 2.5 M 4) 4.0 M 5) 10.0 M
ANS: 1

57. What is the molarity of a solution of KOH, if 5.0 liters of this base neutralizes
15 liters of 0.10 molar HNO3?
1) 0.10 M 2) 0.15 M 3) 0.20 M 4) 0.30 M 5) 0.4 M
ANS: 4

58. Which solution will be exactly neutralized by 1.0 liter of 1.0 M NaOH?
1) 1.0 liter of 0.5 M HC1 2) 1.0 liter of 2.0 M HCl 3) 0.5 liter of 0.5 M HCl
4) 0.5 liter of 2.0 M HCl
ANS: 4

59. How many milliliters of 0.02 M HC1 are required to exactly neutralize 100 ml of
0.01 M NaOH? 1) 50 ml. 2) 100 ml. 3) 200 ml. 4) 300 ml. 5) 400 ml.
ANS: 1

60. One liter of 1.0 M NaOH will completely neutralize one liter of
1) 1.0 M H2SO4; 2) 2.0 M H2SO4; 3) 0.5 M H2SO4; 4) 1.5 M H2SO4.
ANS: 3

61. What volume of 1.5 M H2SO4 is needed to neutralize 1.5 liters of 4.0 M NaOH?
1) 0.50 liter 2) 2.0 liters 3) 8.0 liters 4) 4.0 liters
ANS: 2

62. A solution containing one mole of KOH is added to a solution containing one mole
of H2SO4. The resulting solution is
1) acid; 2) basic; 3) neutral; 4) nonionic.
ANS: 1

63. The number of molecules of ammonia, NH3, in water solution required for
complete neutralization of one molecule of sulfuric acid, H2SO4, is
1) 1; 2) 2; 3) 3; 4) 4; 5) 6.
ANS: 2

64. Dilute hydrochloric acid was added drop by drop to a sodium hydroxide solution until
 the litmus indicator turned red. The investigation involved all of the following except:
1) hydrated ions; 2) alkalization; 3) pH of 6; 4) proton transfer.
ANS: 2

65. Enough acid is added to a solution having pH 13 to change the pH to 7.

This is an example of
1) catalysis; 2) hydrolysis; 3) electrolysis; 4) neutralization.
ANS: 4

66. The process of neutralization involves a reaction between 1) H+ and OH-;

2) salt and water; 3) electrons and protons; 4) metals and nonmetals.
ANS: 1

67. Neutralization produces a salt and 1) an acid;

2) an anhydride; 3) a base; 4) normal complex; 5) none of these.
ANS: 5

68. Which of the following completes the equation PO4-3 + HC1 à ?

1) HPO4-2 + Cl-; 2) HPO4-3 + Cl-; 3) H+ + PO4-2 + C1-; 4) H+ + Cl-.
ANS: 1

69. Which equation most nearly represents the reaction between HC1 and H2O?
1) HC1 + H2O à 3H+ + ClO- 3) HC1 + H2O à 3H+ + C1- + O-2
+ -
2) HC1 + H2O à H3O + Cl 4) none of these equations
ANS: 2

70. According to the Arrhenius theory, the reaction of an acid with a base always produces
1) an acid salt; 2) water; 3) a basic salt; 4) a precipitate; 5) none of these.
ANS: 2

71. Titration is a technique used in the chemistry laboratory primarily to

1) measure the equilibrium constant for the reaction.
2) determine the composition of an unknown substance.
3) measure the range of an indicator.
4) determine concentrations of substances in solutions.
ANS: 4

72. A common reaction occurring during titration is

1) hydrolysis; 2) neutralization; 3) replacement; 4) synthesis; 5) oxidation.
ANS: 2

73. To determine the strength of a vinegar solution by titration, you would need,
in addition to vinegar, each of the following except:
1) burettes; 2) an indicator; 3) an acid solution; 4) a basic solution.
ANS: 3

74. Which substance, in solution, could be titrated against hydrochloric acid, HCl?
1) HBr 2) KHSO4 3) CH3COOH 4) Ba(OH)2
ANS: 4

75. Acidic wastewater from a mine is washed over limestone, CaCO3(s), to eliminate
the acidity. A product of this reaction which enters the atmosphere is:
1) CO(g); 2) HC1(g); 3) CO2(g); 4) O2(g); 5) NaC1.
ANS: 3

76. Upon complete ionization, one molecule of acetic acid yields 1) one hydrogen
ion; 2) two hydrogen ions; 3) three hydrogen ions; 4) none of these.
ANS: 1

77. The gas usually formed by the chemical combination of nitrogen and hydrogen
reacts with water to form
1) HNO3; 2) NH3; 3) NO2-; 4) NH4+.
ANS: 4

78. What is produced when a carbonate is treated with an acid?

1) C(s) 2) O2(g) 3) CO(g) 4) CO2(g)
ANS: 4

79. The end-point of a neutralization reaction

1) must occur at pH of 7. 3) may occur at a pH of 8.
2) can occur at a pH of 6. 4) never occurs at any pH.
ANS: 1

80. A 25.0 ml sample of hydrochloric acid solution is titrated with 0.0512 M sodium
hydroxide solution. The volume of NaOH solution required to reach the neutral endpoint
is 21.68 ml. What is the molarity of the acid solution?
1) 0.0148 M 2) 0.0295 M 3) 0.0444 M 4) 0.0590 M 5) 1.110 M
ANS: 3

81. The addition of a soluble hydroxide to phenolphthalein changes it to

1) red; 2) blue; 3) orange; 4) colorless.
ANS: 1

82. Solutions containing more H+ ions than OH- ions 1) turn phenolphthalein red;
2) turn litmus red; 3) feel slippery; 4) have a bitter taste.
ANS: 2

83. A certain liquid turns blue litmus paper pink. This indicates the liquid contains:
1) oxygen; 2) hydrogen; 3) carbon; 4) tungsten; 5) water.
ANS: 2

84. A substance that reacts with water to form a solution which turns red litmus blue is
1) MgO; 2) CO2; 3) P2O5; 4) SO2.
ANS: 1

85. Passing nitrogen oxide into a red litmus solution results in 1) bleaching;
2) a blue solution; 3) no change in color; 4) precipitation.
ANS: 3

86. In a solution with a pH of 9, the color of 1) phenolphthalein is clear;

2) phenolphthalein is blue; 3) litmus is red; 4) litmus is blue.
ANS: 4

87. When H3PO4 is neutralized with H2SO4, the resultant solution has a pH
of approximately
1) 1; 2) 5; 3) 7; 4) 10; 5) none of these.
ANS: 3

88. A substance that reacts with water to form a solution which turns blue litmus red is
1) CaO; 2) NaCl; 3) P2O5; 4) A12O3.
ANS: 3

89. To show that lye is a base, one could

1) touch a sample of it with moist red litmus. 3) drop a crystal of it into limewater.
2) touch a sample of it with a glowing splint. 4) determine its solubility in water at
room temperature.
ANS: 1

90. To test for an acid, use

1) limewater; 2) blue litmus; 3) red litmus; 4) a glowing splint.
ANS: 2

91. In the solution of a hydroxide, litmus paper will be

1) red; 2) blue; 3) purple; 4) colorless; 5) none of these.
ANS: 2

92. In an acid solution, phenolphthalein is

1) pink; 2) orange; 3) colorless; 4) blue; 5) red.
ANS: 3

93. A solution which turns red litmus blue may contain

1) sugar; 2) sulfuric acid; 3) potassium hydroxide; 4) sodium chloride.
ANS: 3

94. Which substance has amphoteric properties in a water solution?

1) Na+ 2) H3PO4 3) PO4-3 4) H2PO4-2
ANS: 4

95. Cr2O3 reacts with a strong base, such as KOH, to form KCrO2. With a strong acid,
such as H2SO4, it forms Cr2(SO4)3. This shows that Cr2O3 is
1) easily oxidized; 2) easily reduced; 3) amphoteric; 4) a salt.
ANS: 3

96. When NH3 dissolves in water, the ammonia acts as a(n)

1) acid; 2) base; 3)salt; 4) anhydride.
ANS: 2

97. An example of an amphoteric substance, as defined by Bronsted-Lowry theory, is

1) CO3-2; 2) H2O; 3) NH4+; 4) OH-.
ANS: 2

98. Which ion has amphiprotic properties in a solution?

1) F- 2) HCO3- 3) H2CO3; 4) CO3-2
ANS: 2

99. In reacting with hydrogen chloride, water acts as a(n)

1) acid; 2) base; 3) salt; 4) anhydride; 5) deuterium ion.
ANS: 2

100. Water is an acid when it dissolves

1) NH3; 2) H2SO4; 3) HC1; 4) CH3OH; 5) NaCl.
ANS: 1

101. A substance which is amphiprotic acts 1) only as a salt; 2) only as an acid;

3) either as an acid or a salt; 4) either as a base or an acid; 5) none of these.
ANS: 4

102. The metal whose hydroxide is amphiprotic is

1) Na; 2) Ca; 3) Al; 4) Ba; 5) C.
ANS: 3

103. Which could act as either a Bronsted acid or a Bronsted base?

1) Cl- 2) S-2 3) HS- 4) CO3-2 5) none of these
ANS: 3

104. Aluminum hydroxide is an amphoteric compound. This means that

aluminum hydroxide: 1) is used as a reducing agent; 2) is insoluble in strong
bases; 3) is insoluble in strong acids; 4) can act either as a weak acid or a
weak base.
ANS: 4

105. Which could act as either a Bronsted acid or a Bronsted base?

1) HSO4- 2) H2SO4 3) I- 4) SO4-2
ANS: 1

106. Of the following, the diagram that represents the hydronium ion is
1) H2O+; 2) H2O2+; 3) OH-; 4) H3O+.
ANS: 4

107. The hydronium ion is really a 1) deuterium ion;

2) hydrogen ion; 3) hyperion; 4) hydroxide ion; 5) hydrated proton.
ANS: 5

108. The hydronium ion is written as one of the following:

 1) OH-; 2) H3O+; 3) NH4+; 4) H2O2; 5) H2O2+.
ANS: 2

109. The hydronium ion is a hydrated

1) electron; 2) radical; 3) neutron; 4) atom; 5) proton.
ANS: 5

110. A hydrated proton is called a 1) hydroxide ion;

2) hydronium ion; 3) hyperion; 4) deuterium ion; 5) normal complex.
ANS: 2

111. The hydronium ion is a complex ion composed of water and

1) an electron; 2) a deuteron; 3) a proton; 4) a neutron.
ANS: 3

112. When the hydrogen ion (H+) is indicated in connection with its water solution,
the ion represented is
1) OH-; 2) H2O+; 3) H3O+; 4) H2O2+; 5) H2+2.
ANS: 3

113. Chemically, the hydronium ion acts like 1) a hydroxide ion;

2) a hydrogen ion; 3) a water molecule; 4) hydrogen peroxide.
ANS: 2

114. According to the Bronsted-Lowry theory, NH3 can act as a base because it
1) can donate a proton; 2) forms aquated H+ ions in water; 3) can be
liquefied; 4) can accept a proton.
ANS: 4

115. In the reaction of ammonia with water 1) water acts as a base;

2) both compounds remain non-polar; 3) ammonia is a proton acceptor;
4) nitrogen is formed.
ANS: 3

116. In the solution of an acid, litmus paper will be

1) red; 2) blue; 3) orange; 4) colorless; 5) pink.
ANS: 1

117. According to the Bronsted-Lowry theory, a base is any substance that

1) donates a proton; 2) accepts a proton; 3) donates an electron pair;
4) accepts an electron pair.
ANS: 2

118. Which is the best definition of pH?

1) the volume of a standard acid required to neutralize a given volume of solution
2) the reciprocal of the hydroxyl ion concentration
3) the logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration in moles per liter
4) none of these
ANS: 4
119. A solution with a pH of 1 is
1) neutral; 2) very basic; 3) very acidic; 4) slightly basic.
ANS: 3

120. An increase in solution pH corresponds to 1) an increase in [H+];

2) a decrease in [H+]; 3) no change in [H+]; 4) a decrease in [OH-].
ANS: 2

121. What does the expression “pH 7” tell you about a solution?
1) weakly basic 2) weakly acid 3) strongly basic 4) strongly acid
5) neutral
ANS: 5

122. An acid may have a pH of

1) 7; 2) 2; 3) 8; 4) 10; 5) none of these.
ANS: 2

123. A base may have a pH of

1) 9; 2) 7; 3) 5; 4) 2; 5) none of these.
ANS: 1

124. A basic or alkaline solution would have a pH of

1) 1; 2) 10; 3) 7; 4) 4; 5) 0.
ANS: 2

125. An acid solution 1) reacts with metals;

2) has a bitter taste; 3) has a pH less than 7; 4) affects all indicators.
ANS: 3

126. How does the pH of the mixture change as hydrochloric acid is slowly added to
a solution of sodium hydroxide?
1) The pH decreases and may go below 7. 3) The pH decreases to 7 and stops.
2) The pH increases and may go above 7. 4) The pH increases to 7 and stops.
ANS: 1

127. A basic solution may have a pH of

1) 10; 2) 7; 3) 3; 4) 4; 5) none of these selections.
ANS: 1

128. What is the pH of a 0.100 molar HC1 solution?

1) 1 2) 2 3) 3 4) 7 5) 13
ANS: 1

129. The pH of a 1 M solution of KOH is

1) 12; 2) 13; 3) 14; 4) 15; 5) none of these.
ANS: 3

130. A 0.001 M solution of hydrochloric acid has a pH of

1) 1; 2) 3; 3) 7; 4) 10; 5) 11.
ANS: 2

131. What is the pH of a 0.01 M solution of sodium hydroxide, NaOH?

 1) 12 2) 2 3) 10-2 4) 10-12
ANS: 1

132. What is the pH of a solution having a hydrogen ion concentration, H+(aq),

of 0.01 mole/liter?
1) 1.0 2) 2.0 3) 0.01 4) 0.20 5) 12
ANS: 2

133. What is the hydroxide ion concentration, OH-, of a solution having a pH of 6?

1) 1 x 106 M 3) 1 x l0-6 M
0
2) 4 x 10 M 4) 1 x 10-8 M 5) 1 x 10-10 M
ANS: 4

134. What is the pH of a 0.000,001 M KOH solution?

1) 13 2) 3 3) 6 4) 8 5) none of these
ANS: 4

135. What is the pH of a 10 liter solution of LiOH that contains 0.24 gram of the solute?
1) 2 2) 4 3) 8 4) 12 5) none of these
ANS: 4

136. What is the pH of a five liter solution of HC1 that contains 18.3 grams of the solute?
1) 13 2) 12 3) 6 4) 2 5) 1
ANS: 5

137. What is the pH of a one liter solution containing 0.56 gram of potassium hydroxide
solute?
1) 0.01 2) 2.00 3) 10.0 4) 12.0 5) none of these
ANS: 4

138. If there are 0.036 gram of HC1 dissolved in one liter of solution, what is the pH?
1) 3 2) 3.6 3) 6 4) 11 5) none of these
ANS: 1

139. What is the pH of a 0.000,01 M NaOH solution?

1) 1 2) 8 3) 4 4) 5 5) none of these
ANS: 5

140. When an acid is added to a solution of a base, what change in pH of the solution
could be observed? 1) an increase from 7 to 8 2) an increase from 3 to 8
3) a decrease from 7 to 6 4) a decrease from 9 to 5
ANS: 4

141. Which pH value signifies the lowest hydroxide ion concentration?

1) pH 3 2) pH 6 3) pH 7 4) pH 9 5) pH 13
ANS: 1

142. Which is the best definition of pH?

1) the logarithm of the negative hydroxyl ion concentration
2) the logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration in moles per liter
3) the volume of a standard base required to neutralize a given volume of solution
 4) none of these
ANS: 4

143. As 50 ml. of 0.1 M HC1 are added to 100 ml. of 0.1 M NaOH, the pH of the NaOH
solution 1) decreases; 2) increases; 3) remains the same;
4) decreases then increases.
ANS: 1

144. What could be the pH of a solution whose hydronium ion concentration is less
than the hydroxide ion concentration? 1) 9 2) 2 3) 3 4) 4
ANS: 1

145. Dilute hydrochloric acid was added drop by drop to a sodium hydroxide solution
until neither pink nor blue litmus changed color. The investigation involved all
of the following except: 1) neutralization; 2) hydrolysis; 3) hydrated ions;
4) a pH of 7.
ANS: 2

146. An acid solution has a pH of which of the following:

1) 14; 2) 10; 3) 7; 4) 4; 5) none of these.
ANS: 4

147. In a solution with a pH of 3, the color of 1) litmus is red;

2) litmus is blue; 3) phenolphthalein is red; 4) phenolphthalein is blue.
ANS: 1

148. As 75 ml. of 0.2 M NaOH are added to 150 ml. of 0.2 M HC1, the pH of the HC1
solution 1) decreases; 2) increases; 3) remains the same; 4) increases
then decreases.
ANS: 2

149. A solution with a pH of 5 1) has a concentration of H3O+ equal to

1 x 10-5 mole/l; 2) is more acid than a solution that has a pH of 3;
3) contains no OH-(aq) ions; 4) can be made neutral by adding acid.
ANS: 1

150. What does a “pH 8” tell you about a solution? It is:

1) neutral; 2) strongly acid; 3) strongly basic; 4) weakly acid;
5) weakly basic.
ANS: 5

151. What is the hydronium ion concentration, [H3O+], of an acid that has a pH of 3?
1) 10-3 M 2) 10-1 M 3) 100 M 4) 103 M
ANS: 1

152. A weak acid, HX, has an equilibrium constant of 1 x 10-8. What is the pH of a
1.0 M solution of this acid? 1) 1 2) 7 3) 8 4) 4.
ANS: 4
153. In titrating a weak acid with a strong base which of the following indicators would
be best to use?
1) methyl orange with a pH range of 3.2 to 4.4
2) litmus with a pH range of 5.5 to 8.0
3) phenol red with a pH range of 6.6 to 8.0
4) thymolthalein with a pH range of 9.4 to 10.6
ANS: 4

154. What is the hydrogen ion, H+(aq), concentration in a solution having a pH of 3?

1) 30.0 M 3) 0.30 M
2) 3.00 M 4) 1 x 10-3 M 5) 1 x 10-11 M
ANS: 4

155. What is the hydronium ion concentration, [H3O+], of an acid that has a pH of 2?
1) 10-2 M 2) 102 M 3) 10-12 M 4) 106 M 5) none of these
ANS: 1

156. What does the expression “pH 2” tell you about a solution?
It is 1) neutral; 2) strongly acid; 3) strongly basic; 4) weakly acid;
5) weakly basic.
ANS: 2

157. Dissolving magnesium oxide into a blue litmus solution results in

1) precipitation; 2) no change in color; 3) a red solution; 4) bleaching.
ANS: 2

158. To increase the H+ concentration in water, add to it a small amount of

1) calcium hydroxide; 2) glycerin; 3) potassium carbonate; 4) sulfuric acid.
ANS: 4

159. A water solution is found to have a molar H3O+ concentration of 3.2 x 10-9.
The solution would be classified as 1) acidic;
2) basic; 3) neutral; 4) It depends on the OH- ion concentration.
ANS: 2

160. Which hydroxide ion concentration indicates the most base solution?
1) 1 x 10-3 M 2) 1 x 10-7 M 3) 1 x 10-9 M 4) 1 x 10-11 M
ANS: 1

161. What is the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution that contains 8.0 grams of
sodium hydroxide in two liters?
1) 10-12 M 2) 10-8 M 3) 10-6 M 4) 10-2 M 5) none of these
ANS: 5

162. What is the hydroxide ion concentration in a solution of 0.000,000,01 M

hydrogen ion concentration?
1) 108 M 2) 10-8 M 3) 10-13 M 4) 106 M 5) 10-6 M
ANS: 5
163. Which hydroxide ion concentration indicates the solution is the most acid in content?
1) 1 x 10-10 M 2) 1 x 10-8 M 3) 1 x 10-6 M 4) 1 x 10-4 M
ANS: 1

164. If a one liter solution contains 6.3 grams of HNO3, what is the hydroxide concentration?
1) 10-1 M 2) 10-2 M 3) 10-6 M 4) 10-8 M 5) 10-13 M
ANS: 5

165. Which hydrogen ion concentration indicates the solution is the most base in content?
1) 1 x 10-2 M 2) 1 x l0-5 M 3) 1 x 10-7 M 4) 1 x 10-13 M
ANS: 4

166. What is the hydroxide ion concentration of a solution that contains 6.3 grams of
HNO3 in 10 liters of solution?
1) 10-13 M 2) 10-12 M 3) 10-8 M 4) 10-2 M 5) none of these
ANS: 2

167. Which hydrogen ion concentration indicates the most acidic solution?
1) 1 x 10-11 M 2) 1 x 10-9 M 3) 1 x 10-7 M 4) 1 x 10-5 M
ANS: 4

168. What is the hydroxide ion concentration in a solution of 0.0001 M hydrogen ion
concentration?
1) 1010 M 2) 10-10 M 3) 104 M 4) 10-4 M 5) 106 M
ANS: 2

169. What is the hydroxide ion concentration, OH-(aq), of a solution having a pH of 9?

1) 109 M 2) l0-9 M 3) 10-6 M 4) 10-5 M 5) none of these
ANS: 4

170. The compound which is formed by the combination of a positive metallic ion with
a negative ion other than hydroxide is a(n)
1) acid; 2) base; 3) metalloid; 4) acid anhydride; 5) salt.
ANS: 5

171. A compound formed by a positive ion, other than hydrogen, and a negative ion,
other than hydroxide is a(n)
1) acid; 2) base; 3) salt; 4) sugar; 5) alcohol.
ANS: 3

172. The most common halogen salt is 1) calcium fluoride; 2) barium nitrate;
3) magnesium hydride; 4) potassium bromide; 5) sodium chloride.
ANS: 5

173. Equal volumes of molar solutions of hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide were
mixed and the mixture evaporated to dryness. The residue was
1) sodium chloride and sodium hydroxide; 2) sodium chloride; 3) sodium
hydroxide; 4) hydrochloric acid.
ANS: 2

174. All true salts are 1) polar covalent compounds; 2) non-polar covalent
 compounds; 3) electrolvalent compounds; 4) covalent asymmetric compounds.
ANS: 3

175. Which of the following is not true of a salt?

1) It forms as a result of neutralization. 2) It consists of a metal and a nonmetal.
3) It is an ionic compound. 4) It is always has the formula NaC1.
ANS: 4

176. When the hydrolysis of a salt formed from a weak base and a strong acid takes place,
the resulting solution is 1) acid; 2) base; 3) neutral; 4) any of the above.
ANS: 1

177. The net equation that indicates the formation of gas in an acid solution to which
zinc is added is
1) 2 H3O+ à H2 + 2 H2O. 3) HOH à H+(aq) + OH-(aq).
2) 2H2O à 2 H2 + O2. 4) H2O2 à H2O + O2.
ANS: 1

178. Which is the formula of the most likely by-product from a common laboratory
method of preparing hydrogen from an acid?
1) ZnCO3 2) NaCl 3) ZnSO4 4) HgCl2
ANS: 3

179. Salts of a strong base and a weak acid will produce a solution that is:
1) slightly basic; 2) slightly acidic; 3) neutral; 4) strongly basic.
ANS: 1

180. The chemicals which are usually used to produce hydrogen in a common laboratory
preparation are 1) iron and steam; 2) sodium and water; 3) zinc and sulfuric
acid; 4) potassium chlorate and maganese dioxide.
ANS: 3

181. Which of the following will produce an acidic solution in water?

1) K2CO3 2) NH4C1 3) KCl 4) Na2SO4
ANS: 2

182. If a metal is added to an acid, the gas which may form is

1) oxygen; 2) hydrogen; 3) chlorine; 4) nitrogen.
ANS: 2

183. What happens when zinc metal is placed in hydrochloric acid?

1) Oxygen is released. 2) Hydrogen is released. 3) Chlorine is released.
4) No reaction occurs.
ANS: 2

184. If 1-gram samples of the following compounds (in water) are put with an excess
of Mg, from which one would you get the largest volume of H2?
1) NH3 2) C2H5OH 3) H3PO4 4) Ca(OH)2 5) NH4OH
ANS: 3
185. A substance whose dilute solution contains many hydronium ions is:
1) potassium chloride. 3) nitric acid.
2) sodium hydroxide. 4) carbon dioxide.
ANS: 3

186. Which pH value signifies the highest hydronium ion concentration?

1) pH 5 2) pH 7 3) pH 9 4) pH 11
ANS: 1

187. What is the hydronium ion concentration, [H3O+] , of a solution that has a pH of 8?
1) 10-4 M 2) 10-6 M 3) 10-8 M 4) 107 M 5) none of these
ANS: 3

188. Which of these elements will not liberate hydrogen in an acid solution?
1) iron 2) zinc 3) carbon 4) aluminum 5) magnesium
ANS: 3

189. Zinc reacts with dilute sulfuric acid to liberate

1) H2; 2) H2S; 3) SO2; 4) SO3; 5) H2S2.
ANS: 1

190. What happens when a few pieces of zinc are placed in a flask containing dilute
hydrochloric acid? 1) Oxygen is given off. 2) Chlorine is given off.
3) Hydrogen is given off. 4) Zinc chloride is precipitated.
ANS: 3

191. A metal which liberates hydrogen from water so vigorously that the hydrogen ignites is
1) calcium; 2) magnesium; 3) sodium; 4) potassium; 5) manganese.
ANS: 4

192. The compound formed when an active metal reacts completely with an acid is
1) hydrogen; 2) a base; 3) a salt; 4) an anhydride; 5) none of these.
ANS: 3

193. If 1-gram samples of the following compounds (in water) are put with an excess
of Mg, from which one would you get the largest volume of H2?
1) HC1 2) NH3 3) C2H5OH 4) Ca(OH)2 5) NH4OH
ANS: 1

194. The type of chemical reaction which occurs in the common laboratory preparation
of hydrogen is
1) synthesis; 2) replacement; 3) analysis; 4) hydrogenation.
ANS: 2

195. Hydrogen may be produced from sulfuric acid by 1) replacement with a metal;
2) replacement with a nonmetal; 3) evaporation; 4) catalysis; 5) distillation.
ANS: 1
196. The ionic equation Fe0 + 2H+ + SO4-2 à Fe+2 + SO4-2 + H2 represents the
reaction between 1) iron and and sulfuric acid; 2) iron sulfate and hydrogen;
3) iron hydride and a sulfate; 4) iron, hydrogen, and a sulfate.
ANS: 1

197. Anhydride comes from a Greek word meaning:

1) acid forming; 2) water producing; 3) blooming; 4) lacking water.
ANS: 4

198. Water reacts with the oxides of several nonmetals to form

1) a basic solution; 2) an acid; 3) an anhydride; 4) a hydroxide.
ANS: 2

199. Carbon dioxide, CO2, dissolves in water to form an acid. In general, this is true of
1) oxides of the elements; 2) dioxides; 3) non-metallic oxides;
4) carbon-containing compounds.
ANS: 3

200. An acid anhydride has the formula:

1) CaO; 2) MgO; 3) K2O; 4) SO2.
ANS: 4

201. An acid anhydride is also

1) a metallic oxide; 2) a nonmetallic oxide; 3) a bisulfite salt; 4) a volatile acid.
ANS: 2

202. Anhydrides are usually

1) acids; 2) sulfides; 3) salts; 4) oxides; 5) bases.
ANS: 4

203. The reaction of SO2 with CaO 1) is a reaction between an acidic anhydride and a
basic anhydride; 2) cannot occur; 3) involves proton transfer; 4) involves
oxidation-reduction.
ANS: 1

204. In reacting with HNO3, water acts as a(n)

1) acid; 2) base; 3) salt; 4) anhydride; 5) normal complex.
ANS: 2

205. Ammonia is classed as an amphiprotic substance because 1) it is an excellent

solvent; 2) contains hydrogen; 3) is a non-electrolyte; 4) can either
accept or donate protons.
ANS: 4

206. “Acid anhydride + H2O à acid” is a general method that can not be used to prepare
1) hydrochloric acid; 2) sulfurous acid; 3) phosphoric acid;
4) carbonic acid.
ANS: 1
207. SO2 is the anhydride of
1) H2SO; 2) H2SO2; 3) H2SO3; 4) H2SO4; 5) H3SO6.
ANS: 3

208. An example of a basic anhydride is

1) CO2; 2) NaOH; 3) K2O; 4) N2O5.
ANS: 3

209. Unlike acid anhydrides, basic anhydrides always contain

1) a metal; 2) a salt; 3) oxygen; 4) hydrogen.
ANS: 1

210. The anhydride of carbonic acid, H2CO3, is

1) CO; 2) CO2; 3) CO3; 4) HCO3; 5) H2O.
ANS: 2

211. The anhydride of sulfuric acid, H2SO4, is

1) sulfur; 2) sulfur trioxide; 3) sulfur dioxide; 4) hydrogen sulfide.
ANS: 2

212. A basic anhydride has the formula

1) SO2; 2) SO3; 3) CO2; 4) CaO; 5) H2O.
ANS: 4

213. An example of an acid anhydride is

1) NH3(aq); 2) MgO; 3) Cl2; 4) NO2.
ANS: 4

214. Which type of chemical reaction is neutralization?

1) composition 2) decomposition 3) single replacement 4) double replacement.
ANS: 4

215. Complete neutralization of 60 ml of 1.0 M HC1 solution requires 80 ml of NaOH

solution. What is the molarity of the sodium hydroxide solution?
1) 1.0 M 2) 1.5 M 3) 1.3 M 4) 0.75 M 5) 2.7 M
ANS: 4

216. One hundred and fifty milliliters of 2 molar NaOH neutralized a 3 molar HCl solution.
How much acid was used?
1) 300 ml.; 2) 200 ml.; 3) 175 ml.; 4) 150 ml.; 5) 100 ml.
ANS: 5

217. The reaction between HC1(g) and H2O involves 1) electron transfer;
2) proton transfer; 3) oxidation-reduction; 4) electron-proton transfer.
ANS: 2

218. Which solution is the best conductor of electricity?

1) 1.0 M boric acid 3) 1.0 M acetic acid
2) 1.0 M carbonic acid 4) 1.0 M hydrochloric acid
ANS: 4