11/12

Oral Communication
in Context
Second Quarter
Module 4: Using Principles
of Effective Speech
Delivery
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION VII, CENTRAL VISAYAS
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF SIQUIJOR

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Published by the Department of Education

OIC-Schools Division Superintendent: Dr. Neri C. Ojastro
Assistant Schools Division Superintendent: Dr. Edmark Ian L. Cabio

Development Team of the Learning Module

Writer: Jeralyn B. Patay

Evaluators: Chona B. Aque, Carren C. Daug, Johna T. Laranjo, and Joel E. Pabinguit

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Curriculum Implementation Division – Chief

Maria Enin R. Cuevas

Education Program Supervisor (English)

Edesa T. Calvadores
Education Program Supervisor (LRMS)

Printed in the Philippines by___________________________

Department of Education – Region VII, Central Visayas, Division of Siquijor
Office Address: Larena, Siquijor
Telephone No.: (035) 377-2034-2038
E-mail Address: [email protected]

i
 11/12

Oral Communication
in Context
Second Quarter

Module 4: Using Principles

of Effective Speech
Delivery

ii
 INTRODUCTION

This module is written in support of the K to 12 Basic Education Program to ensure attainment
of standards expected of you as a learner.
This aims to equip you with essential knowledge in using principles of effective speech
delivery.
This includes the following activities/tasks:
1. Expected Learning Outcome - This stresses out the learning outcome that you are
expected to accomplish at the end of the module.

2. Pre-Test - This determines your prior learning on the particular lesson you are about to
take.

3. Discussion of the Lesson - This provides you with the important knowledge,
principles, and attitude that will help you meet the expected learning outcome.

4. Learning Activities - These provide you with the application of the knowledge and
principles you have gained from the lesson and enable you to further enhance your skills
as you carry out prescribed tasks.

5. Post-Test - This evaluates your overall understanding about the module.

With the different activities provided in this module, may you find this material engaging and
challenging as it develops your critical thinking skills.

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 What I Need to Know
After going through this module, you are expected to:
 use principles of effective speech delivery focusing on (EN11/12OC-IIcj-26)
- Articulation (EN11/12OC-IIcj-26.1)
- Modulation (EN11/12OC-IIcj-26.2)
- Stage Presence (EN11/12OC-IIcj-26.3)
- Facial Expressions, Gestures and Movements (EN11/12OC-IIcj-26.4)
- Rapport with the Audience (EN11/12OC-IIcj-26.5)

What I Know
To find out what you already know about the topic to be discussed in this module,
take the Pre-test. Write your answers in your notebook.

A. Directions: Read each item carefully. Choose the letter of the correct answer and write
it in your notebook.

1. What principle of speech delivery is described as pronouncing the words and

speaking with clear diction to effectively transmit the message?
a. Modulation
b. Articulation
c. Stage Presence
d. Audience Rapport

2. What element of articulation refers to the verbal emphasis placed on one syllable
of a word?
a. Diction
b. Rhythm
c. Stress
d. Syllable

3. What skill in speech delivery is developed when a speaker uses proper emotions
and perfect use of pitch so that the speech won’t sound flat?
a. Modulation
b. Articulation
c. Stage Presence
d. Facial Expressions, Gestures and Movements

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 4. What aspect of voice modulation refers to the emotion with which you speak?
a. Pace
b. Pitch
c. Tone
d. Volume

5. Which of the following spheres of stage presence stresses the importance of

planning a speech to be delivered using the different parts of the stage at different
levels?
a. Tone
b. Posture
c. Appearance
d. Stage Space

6. Which of the following stances carry positive message?

a. Arms Crossed in Front
b. Both Hands in Pockets
c. Hands Clasped Behind Back
d. Flat Stance and Arms at Sides

7. What type of gesture helps the audience understand comparisons and contrasts, and
visualizes the size, shape, movement, location, function, and number of objects?
a. Descriptive
b. Emphatic
c. Prompting
d. Suggestive

8. Consider this situation: While delivering the message, the speaker noticed yawns
being stifled, caught people peeking at their phones or muttering quietly to their
neighbors. What missing ingredient in speech delivery is illustrated in the above
scenario?
a. Articulation
b. Modulation
c. Stage Presence
d. Rapport with the Audience

B. Directions: Write True if the statement is correct and False if the statement is
incorrect. Write your answers in your notebook.

1. It is highly important to know the correct way of saying a word in delivering a

speech to effectively transmit the message.
2. A loud volume may be used to emphasize a point with confidence and enthusiasm.
3. Being loud means that you have to shout so that your audience can clearly hear
what you say.

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 4. Use of fillers like “ahs” and “uhms” in delivering speech are highly encouraged.
5. In addressing the speech to your audience, use “I” instead of “We”.
6. If you stand too far away from your audience, they will not develop a bond with
you and this will limit the effectiveness of your presentation.
7. It’s important to use language your audience understands and is familiar with.
8. Use your presentation as an opportunity to impress your audience, rather than
serve them.

What’s In

You’ve learned the different principles in speech writing in the previous module
you have accomplished. Can you still remember them? Try doing the activity below.

A. Directions: Rearrange the jumbled letters in every item to form the correct word being
described by the group of words at the right. Write your answers in your notebook.

1. N I O R A U D T- A speech is long enough to fulfill the speech goals but short

enough to hold audience’s attention.

2. D W O R C I E C H O- It is about the use of rich, colorful and precise language

that communicates the readers in a functional way.

3. L A I L O G C N I O T N O A I Z R G A- It provides focus and direction as the

writer composes the speech and helps to ensure that the stated purpose is fulfilled.

4. C E E D U A I N Y S L A A N I S- It entails looking into the profile of your target

audience

5. G M M T A A A I C L R R R E C T O C S S E N- It means crafting words into

coherent sentences and how to form those sentences into paragraphs that
successfully convey meaning

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B. Directions: Match the terms in Column A with its corresponding description found in
Column B. Write only the letter of the correct answer in your notebook.

Column A Column B

1. demography a. size of the venue

2. situation b. listener’s views and opinions
3. psychology c. audience’s educational background

What’s New

A. Body language is your body’s way of communicating without the use of spoken
words. It’s the combination of facial expressions, gestures, and movements that convey
what goes on in your mind. If you don’t think it’s important, then let’s try to put it another
way:

Look at yourself and check out how you’re sitting or

standing right now. What’s the expression on your face? Are you
frowning or smiling? Are you standing up or are you slouching in
your seat?

If someone were to take a photo of yourself right now,

what do you think people are going to say about you based on
your current body language? Will they say you look friendly and
approachable, or will they say you’re someone who’s not to be
messed with?

B. Have you ever stood in front of an audience and

known you weren’t being listened to?

Have you watched yawns being stifled, caught people

peeking at their phones or muttering quietly to their
neighbors?

So what was going on and how do you rescue yourself

from the situation?

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 What Is It

Read: Key Takeaways

Principle of Speech Delivery: Articulation

When the speaker’s words cannot be understood because of poor
articulation, the speech might as well not have been delivered at all. Word
choice and grammatical correctness are necessary in writing the speech, but it
is articulateness in pronouncing the words and speaking with clear diction
that effectively transmits the message of the speaker. It is highly important to
know the correct way of saying a word, whether they are familiar or
unfamiliar. Proper breathing techniques together with correct molding of
sounds that make up words or phrasing contribute to efficient articulation.

Read and Learn More!

What is Word Stress?

Word stress is the verbal emphasis placed on one syllable of a word. This occurs in
every English word that has more than one syllable. It’s not always the same syllable but there
are a couple of rules to be familiar with when it comes to word stress. First, word stress is
only ever on a vowel of a word; it’s never on a consonant. Second, there is only one-word
stress per word.

Why Study Word Stress?

Word stress is an essential part of pronunciation of the English language. It also

helps you to contextualize which version of a particular word you are hearing. For example,
anthroPOLogy is the noun that refers to the study of humankind. AnthropoLOGical is the
adjective. Though the words share a common root, the word stress, as you can see, is different
in each instance. Here are four general rules to keep in mind about word stress as you practice
pronunciation:

 Stress the first syllable of:

Most two-syllable nouns (examples: CLImate, KNOWledge)

Most two-syllable adjectives (examples: FLIPpant, SPAcious)

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  Stress the last syllable of:

Most two-syllable verbs (examples: reQUIRE, deCIDE)

 Stress the second-to-last syllable of:

Words that end in -ic (examples: ecSTATic, geoGRAPHic)

Words ending in -sion and -tion (examples: exTENsion, retriBUtion)

 Stress the third-from-last syllable of:

Words that end in -cy, -ty, -phy and -gy (examples: deMOCracy, unCERtainty,
geOGraphy, radiOLogy)
Words that end in -al (examples: exCEPtional, CRItical)

Keep these simple rules in mind and you will soon find your pronunciation getting
better and better!

Principle of Speech Delivery: Modulation

Voice modulation is the skill which helps you to add emotion into the message
you want to convey. It helps you to decorate your sentence with the expression, proper
emotions, and perfect use of the pitch.

Why is it important?

Voice Modulation is an important aspect of effective communication. Without

Voice Modulation, your speech would sound flat. There are basically 6 benefits to
modulation:

1. Binds the audience

2. Expresses emotions
3. Shows confidence
4. Speech becomes interesting
5. Allows speaker to stress/draw the attention of a listener
6. Brings clarity in communication

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Voice modulation depends on the following aspects:

1. Pitch:

The pitch of your voice is defined by the relative high or low sound of your voice.
A lower, deeper pitch is associated with authority, power, and leadership. A higher pitch
is associated with excitement, lightness, and fun. Your inflection refers to the wavelike
movement of your vocal range, which can be expressed differently based on your
intonation, the rise and fall of your voice when speaking.

2. Pace:
The pace of your voice, also known as rate of speech, refers to how fast or slow
you talk. A fast pace is highly effective for motivational, high energy presentations. A
slower pace is most effective when you want to engage your audience’s mind to think,
reflect and contemplate.

3. Pause:

Pause refers to the breaks we take in our sentences. We pause for many reasons. A
few are at a comma, at a full stop, and after giving important information. This will give
the listener time to understand everything you have said.

4. Tone:

Tone is the emotion with which you speak. The tone of your voice is the “emotional
tone” you use when speaking. Tone is defined as the manner or delivery of your speech.
Examples of tone are somber, excited, matter of fact, or a friendly tone. The tone of a
graduation or wedding speech is delivered with emotions of pride, love and warmth. An
inaugural speech is delivered with energy, inspiration, exaltation, inspiring hope for the
future. A sales presentation delivered with passion ignites excitement, compelling
customers to take action.

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5. Volume:
The volume of your voice is how loud or quiet you speak. Varying volume can add
impact and power to improve public speaking skills. A loud volume may be used to
emphasize a point with confidence and enthusiasm. A softer, quiet volume can be used like
a whisper to draw in the audience so they listen more intently. Using volume effectively
can strengthen your message and increase audience attention. Variation in pitch, tone, and
volume, will help you connect better with your audience.

Tips on Voice Modulation

1. Be Loud and Clear. Being loud doesn't mean that you have to shout. There is a
difference. Make sure that your voice doesn't creak while being loud. This can
irritate/annoy the audience and make them lose interest.
2. Practice Variation. You can look up for some steps that you can practice in order to
develop the desired voice. Practice speaking with variations in your speech. Let's go
back to the time when we used to sing rhymes, or when our teacher used to tell us
stories.
3. Stress on Powerful Words. Words don't create an impact, unless they are rightly
delivered. You can take effective pauses, stress on a certain set of words, which will
help your speech sound more interactive.
4. Create a Crowd Pleasing Speech. Connect with the audience. Speakers should use
tools like humour, story and experiences to attract the crowd. Entertain your audience
with a story that they can relate with. However, you need to keep in mind that the story
should convey a message/moral to them. Narrating irrelevant stories will only distract
them.
5. Effective Pauses. Pauses are very important. They build curiosity in the minds of the
people listening to you. You have to ensure that you don't take very long pauses, boring
the audience instead. Have a clear idea of what you're about to speak. This will help
you build a roadmap in your own mind regarding the speech and hence you will not
forget your content
6. Avoid Ahs and Uhms. This can really irritate the audience while listening to the
speaker, if he tends to keep on adding fillers like ahs and uhms over and over again. To
avoid such fillers, you need to practice speaking a lot.
7. Sound Enthusiastic and Confident. The audience is seeking a hero in you, when you
are speaking. Do not sound lousy, monotonous or use the same variation of tone in your
speech. Display enthusiasm in your words.

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 Principle of Speech Delivery: Stage Presence

Stage presence refers to the ability of the speaker to acquire and keep the
audience's attention through his or her presentation style. When in front of an audience,
the speaker's poise, posture, gestures, and movements can significantly add to or take
away from the presentation.

The goal is to control these aspects of delivery so they reinforce the message
rather than distract the audience. Stage presence is the sum total of all the qualities that
keep your audience engaged while you deliver a speech. Therefore, without doubt, it
plays a vital role while delivering a speech. It is inclusive of everything from the body
posture to the tone of your speech.

Let us throw some light on a few of the most importance spheres that stage presence
constitutes.

1. Appearance and comfort is our first sphere. You must be dressed to the
occasion. If it is an official speech say for a corporate meeting, then you must
be formally dressed; on the contrary if you are making a speech to spread some
awareness among the college students, your dress up can be more relaxed and
casual but it must reflect your confident side at all times. Remember, if you are
sure of your appearance you will automatically ooze that amazing self
confidence that one necessarily needs while giving a speech before large
crowds.
2. Body posture and attitude is the second sphere. Right from the moment you
step on that stage your body language matters. The way you stand, your
speaking posture, use of hand gestures etc. everything counts and hence must
be well noted and taken care of. A little nervousness is understood, but you
must put yourself at ease to reflect just the right amount of confidence. Your
attitude must be positive, that is, keep in mind that the audience is intelligent
and you must be ready to respond to any interaction on their part too. Here
presence of mind is really important and a little wit won’t harm at all!
3. The third sphere is the tone of the speech. You can play with different styles,
as is suitable to the topic of your speech. Voice modulation, use of examples, a
peck of humor, etc. all this is important in engaging the audience.
4. The fourth sphere is the use of stage space. It is a smart move on the part of
a speaker to choreograph his speech, that is, he must plan a speech to be
delivered using different parts of the stage at different levels. You may even
give up the stage for a while to get amongst the audience.

All of these spheres are equally important for an effective stage presence that is
undoubtedly important to engage the audience while giving a speech!

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Tips to Improve Your Stage Presence

So, are you ready to improve your stage presence? Here are a few tips to help you
start connecting with your audience during presentations.

1. Be Bigger Than Your Everyday Demeanor

This may be the most important component of stage presence: you need to
step onto the stage with the mindset that you will be bigger than your everyday
demeanor.

2. Keep Your Message Fresh

So, you have the mindset of a performer. Now, you need to work to keep
your information interesting and your message fresh. Remember, even the best
actors in the world can’t make a terrible script entertaining. A good stage presence
requires that the presenter have good, fresh material. It’s obvious to the audience
when there is nothing of the speaker in the presentation – when all that the speaker
is doing is reading information from PowerPoint slides.

3. Convey Physical Confidence

For many people, the term stage presence connotes an actual physical
posture. While a physical confidence often follows mindset and message, it’s also
helpful to focus on how you can intentionally convey this. Your physical stance
does influence the audience’s perception of you as a speaker.

Let’s take a look at some common stances that carry unwanted

connotations. Then, we’ll show you the most common and effective stance for
presenting with stage presence.

a. The Fig Leaf Position

This stance can convey weakness and timidity.

b. Hands Clasped Behind Back

This stance can convey weakness, as well.

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c. Both Hands in Pockets

In most contexts, this stance conveys too much casualness.

d. Clasping Upper Arm

This stance also conveys weakness and timidity.

e. Arms Crossed in Front

This stance conveys that the speaker is guarded.

The Best Position: Flat Stance, Arms at Sides

This stance suggests openness and confidence. When

presenting, assume this stance, and don’t shift your weight,
cock your hip, or lean on one leg more than the other.

Your posture is important and coveys a message.

Good, straight posture indicates leadership and confidence. It tells the audience
that you are in control. It conveys the message that you have confidence in your
competence.
Leaning slightly forward shows the audience you care.
Slouching to one side delivers the opposite message. It shows disinterest.
Hunched shoulders indicate lack of confidence and possibly low self-esteem.

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Some Dos and Don’ts about Posture:

-Don’t jingle! Putting one or both hands into your pockets and jingling loose change
or keys is a nervous habit some people fall into. It’s distracting to the audience and
takes away from your message.

-Don’t fidget! Even if your hands are not in your pockets, don’t rub nails or fingers
together or any engage in any other type of fidgeting.

-No fig leaf stance! Hands crossed in front of you at the crotch, or over your rear
end, or anywhere else, indicates a non-openness. The military ‘At Ease’ position,
crossing your arms in front of you or clasping hands in front or behind you are also
to be avoided.

-Don’t rock from your heels to your toes! This would be very distracting to the
audience, and interfere with your message.

-Don’t lean on the lectern. It conveys too relaxed of an attitude and gives the
impression that you don’t care.

-Don’t cross your arms. People do that when they are feeling defensive.

-Do hold your head high and your chin slightly up. This gives the audience the
impression that you’re in control.

-Don’t look down. I know, I know – that’s where your notes are! Try to briefly
glance to check your note, then look at the audience.
-Don’t sway!

Principle of Speech Delivery: Facial Expressions, Gestures and Movements

Why Is Nonverbal Communication Important?

You've been waiting a very long time for this day to come. It's Monday, and you
are going to listen to a speech about 'Why People Should Not Wear Skinny Jeans.' All
cozied up in the audience, you anxiously await the speaker's arrival. And does he ever
arrive!

With a loud drum roll, the speaker rushes the stage with a great big smile, bows
down and gives the audience a slap on the hands, points randomly at certain individuals
and even gives a thumbs-up to others. But most importantly, he looks directly into your
eyes and winks! Wow, it's as if he knew each and every person in the audience.

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 That, my friend, is nonverbal communication, and it really sets the tone for the rest
of the speaking event. It is the use of body movements to send a message to the audience.
A dazzling smile, high-fives and waves probably make the audience feel very special. There
are several ways in which the speaker can connect with the audience without ever saying a
word.

Facial Expressions

Facial expression is often the key determinant of the meaning behind a message.
Here’s an example. If a friend were to smile warmly at you and say, “You’re crazy,” would
you feel insulted? Probably not; in fact, you might even take it as a sign of endearment.
But what if this statement were accompanied by a contemptuous sneer? The verbal message
would be the same, but your reaction would no doubt be drastically different.
When you speak, your face communicates your
attitudes, feelings, and emotions more clearly than any
other part of your body. According to behavioral
psychologists, people can easily recognize – simply by
observing a speaker’s facial expressions – such distinct
feelings as surprise, fear, happiness, confusion, disgust,
interest, disbelief, anger, and sadness. To an audience, your
face serves as a barometer for what’s inside you. Your
listeners will watch your face for clues about your
sincerity, your attitude toward your message and your
earnestness in sharing your ideas with them.

The universal expressions are:

EXPRESSION MOTION CUES

Happiness raising and lowering of mouth corners

lowering of mouth corners

Sadness
raise inner portion of brows

brows arch
eyes open wide to expose more white
jaw drops slightly
Surprise

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 brows raised
Fear eyes open
mouth opens slightly

upper lip is raised

Disgust nose bridge is wrinkled
cheeks raised

brows lowered
Anger lips pressed firmly
eyes bulging

Gestures
A gesture is a specific bodily movement that
reinforces a verbal message or conveys a particular
thought or emotion. Although gestures may be made
with the head, shoulders, or even the legs and feet,
most are made with the hands and arms. Your hands
can be marvelous tools of communication when you
speak. But many inexperienced speakers are unsure
what to do with their hands. Some try to get them out
of the way by putting them in their pockets or behind
their backs. Others unconsciously relieve nervous
tension by performing awkward, distracting
movements. A few speakers over-gesture out of
nervousness, waving their arms and hands wildly. A
speaker’s gestures can suggest very precise meaning to
an audience.

All good speakers use gestures. Why? Gestures are probably the most evocative
form of nonverbal communication a speaker can employ. No other kind of physical action
can enhance your speeches in as many ways as gestures. They:

- Clarify and support your words. Gestures strengthen the audience’s

understanding of your verbal message.
- Dramatize your ideas. Together with what you say, gestures help paint
vivid pictures in your listeners’ minds.
- Lend emphasis and vitality to the spoken word. Gestures convey your
feelings and attitudes more clearly than what you say.
- Help dissipate nervous tension. Purposeful gestures are a good outlet for
the nervous energy inherent in a speaking situation.

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 - Function as visual aids. Gestures enhance audience attentiveness and
retention.
- Stimulate audience participation. Gestures help you indicate the
response you seek from your listeners.
- Are highly visible. Gestures provide visual support when you address a
large number of people and the entire audience may not see your eyes.

Types of Gestures

Despite the vast number of movements that qualify as gestures, all gestures can be
grouped into one of the following major categories:

1. Descriptive gestures clarify or enhance a verbal message. They help the

audience understand comparisons and contrasts, and visualize the size, shape,
movement, location, function, and number of objects.

2. Emphatic gestures underscore what’s being said. They indicate earnestness

and conviction. For example, a clenched fist suggests strong feeling, such as
anger or determination.

3. Suggestive gestures are symbols of ideas and emotions. They help a speaker
create a desired mood or express a particular thought. An open palm suggests
giving or receiving, usually of an idea, while a shrug of the shoulders indicates
ignorance, perplexity, or irony.

4. Prompting gestures are used to help evoke a desired response from the
audience. If you want listeners to raise their hands, applaud, or perform some
specific action, you’ll enhance the response by doing it yourself as an example.

Body Movements
Body movement – changing your position or
location during a speech – is the broadest, most highly
visible kind of physical action you, as a speaker, can
perform. Because of this, it can be either a tremendous asset
or a tremendous liability to your delivery system
When you move your entire body in a controlled,
purposeful manner during a speech, you can benefit in three
ways. To begin with, body movement can support and
reinforce what you say. And, of course, motion will
almost always attract an audience’s attention. Finally,
using body movement is the fastest, most effective means
of burning up nervous energy and relieving physical
tension.

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 Principle of Speech Delivery: Audience Rapport

Building Rapport with Your Audience

Why is it that when you’re listening to some presentations it feels like time
flies, you are energized and you leave the room buzzing, and then there are those ones
where you feel like you’re falling asleep, looking at your watch and thinking about
what you will have for afternoon tea? What makes the difference?

After all, the content could be robust, well researched and of a high standard
in both presentations. The hours of preparation for the speakers might be similar. And
both might be just as experienced in their field.

The missing ingredient for many presentations is building rapport with the
audience. One of the keys to a successful presentation is to ensure that you are in
rapport with your audience. Rapport is the trust and connection that a speaker creates
with his/her audience. If you are asking people to adopt a new way of thinking, an
alternate viewpoint or change their behavior then it is crucial to develop trust and
connection and rapport.

Why involve your audience?

Listening to a presentation for

any length of time can be a difficult
process. If you don’t involve the
audience, they’ll start to play with
their phones, talk to colleagues and
generally lose track of what you are
saying. Once this happens and you
start seeing that the audience would
rather be somewhere else, you’ll start
feeling anxious and might try to speed
up the presentation.

To engage a large audience

fully, the presentation needs to be
energetic, purposeful and staged, as if it is a direct conversation between both you and your
audience. That way, they’ll absorb your ideas and insights and they’ll have learnt
something in an enjoyable way.

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 Building rapport is important because it:

 Creates trust
 Heightens engagement
 Shows people why what you have to say is important and relevant to them
 Establishes a common ground
 Helps you connect at a human level, not just at an intellectual one.

How to Build Rapport with Your Audience?

To help you gain rapport and engage your audience during your speech or
presentation and beyond, here are the keys:

1. Plan from the audience’s perspective.

Before you start writing your presentation, think about these points:
o What are the most interesting parts in my topic?
o How much will the audience know about my topic? What level do I target it at?
o Which members of the audience will most likely be disinterested?
o How can I help them learn and understand my topic?
o What is the size of the audience?
2. Have your audience’s best interests at heart.
Use your presentation as an opportunity to serve your audience, not to impress or
“sell” them.
3. Speak simply and with conviction.
Don’t give a speech; have a conversation with your audience. Use words and
expressions you normally do. Say “I,” “we,” and “you,” when appropriate.
4. Approach your presentation from your audience’s perspective — not your
perspective.
Address their concerns. Speak to their interests, values, and aspirations. Help them
solve problems that bother them, or achieve goals that are important to them. Avoid
words — jargon and acronyms — they don’t understand. Cite evidence they find
credible.
5. Tell stories to engage their imaginations.
Most audiences — highly technical audiences are an exception — relate to a
personal story.
6. Use (appropriate) humor.
Some of the best speeches and presentations in the world feature plenty of humor.
No matter the subject, a great speaker will use natural charisma, humor, and language
to convey their points and get the crowd excited about what they are saying.
7. Avoid language that might offend them.
Audiences are touchy these days. And once you offend them, you’ll rarely regain
their trust or goodwill.

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8. Use strong body language (position, posture and gesture).
Examples of good body language:
 Use hand gestures when delivering key points
 Use calm, deliberate movements when highlighting certain information
 Keep arms and legs uncrossed
9. Extend your usual vocal range.
Your tone of voice, your volume, and other vocal aspects affect how people listen
and hear your message.
10. Establish eye contact.
Look people in the eye one person at a time. Hold their gaze for 5 to 7 seconds, and
then look someone else in the eye. (A word of caution: some cultures consider direct
eye contact intrusive and rude, so be careful.)
11. Dress appropriately.
Dress a little more formally than your audience in order to establish your credibility
and authority.
12. Practice your delivery, again and again.
Practicing is the most important part of delivering an interactive presentation.
You’ll need to practice where to use live quizzes, when to accept questions, which
points to emphasize with body language and many more.

What’s More

⁍ Independent Activity 1
Task: Grouping the Words by Stress Pattern

⁕ Independent Assessment 1
Directions: Fill in the columns with words of the same stress pattern. The
words are found inside the box. Write your answers in your notebook.
(Note: The small box means unstressed syllable while the big box means
stressed syllable.)
,
Example: The word illegal should be placed in the first column because the
stress is placed in the second syllable.
pursue musical photogenic
expression agree television
radical receive

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 Column 1 Column 2 Column 3

⁍ Independent Activity 2
Task: Identifying Facial Expressions and Gestures

⁕ Independent Assessment 2

A. Directions: Identify what facial expression or emotion is illustrated in

the following statements. Choose the correct answer from the list of
answers below. Write the answer in your notebook.
happiness fear disgust
sadness suspense anger

1. “I am thrilled that I am getting a raise.”

2. “I am worried about tomorrow.”
3. “Lemons are too sour for me.”
4. “I am suspicious about what he did.”
B. Directions: Identify what type of gesture should be used in emphasizing
the following statements. Choose the correct answer from the list inside
the box. Write the answer in your notebook.
descriptive emphatic
suggestive prompting

1. “The Filipinos should remain disciplined, strong and united in battling

this Covid-19 pandemic.”
2. “Teaching isn’t really an easy job. You see, there are a lot things and
mountainous works to accomplish.”
3. “Raise your hand if you want to earn million-dollar this year.”
4. “I welcome you in with open arms.”

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⁍ Independent Activity 3

Task: Assess Me Please?

⁕ Independent Assessment 3

A. Directions: Watch and listen to a favorite TV news presenter

introducing the program or reading the news. Notice how he/she does
the delivery by answering yes or no to the following questions:

1. Are words pronounced and enunciated well?

2. Are pauses effectively used?
3. Is the rate or speed of speaking varied?
4. Is his/her voice well-modulated?
5. Does he/she deliver the news in a monotone voice?
6. Are fillers avoided?
7. Is the volume well-adjusted to the audience size (listeners)?
8. Is the speaker prepared and confident?
9. Are distracting movements and mannerisms avoided?
10. Are gestures and posture expressive, dynamic and natural?
11. Is the attire appropriate?
12. Does he/she establish eye contact?

B. Directions: Write a one-paragraph impression about the TV news

presenter taking into consideration the following points below.

1. Who is the TV news presenter?

2. What was the news being delivered all about?
3. What are the good points illustrated during the news delivery?
4. What are the things that you don’t like about the delivery if there’s
any? You may suggest techniques to make the delivery much
better.

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 What I Have Learned

I have learned that:

 words should be pronounced and enunciated well. When the speaker’s words
cannot be understood because of poor articulation, the speech might as well not
have been delivered at all.
 voice modulation is important because it binds the audience, expresses
emotions, shows confidence, speech becomes interesting, allows speaker to
stress/draw the attention of a listener and brings clarity in communication.
 voice modulation is the skill which helps you to add emotion into the message
you want to convey.
 stage presence is the sum total of all the qualities that keep your audience
engaged while you deliver a speech. Therefore, without doubt, it plays a vital
role while delivering a speech. It is inclusive of everything from the body
posture to the tone of your speech. There are four important spheres that stage
presence constitutes:
a. Appearance and comfort
b. Body posture and attitude
c. Tone of the speech
d. Use of stage space
 facial expression is often the key determinant of the meaning behind a message.
When you speak, your face communicates your attitudes, feelings, and
emotions more clearly than any other part of your body. The universal
expressions are: surprise, fear, happiness, confusion, disgust, anger, and
sadness.
 gestures are probably the most evocative form of nonverbal communication a
speaker can employ. No other kind of physical action can enhance your
speeches in as many ways as gestures. They clarify and support your words,
dramatize your ideas, lend emphasis and vitality to the spoken word, help
dissipate nervous tension, function as visual aids, stimulate audience
participation and are highly visible.
 building rapport is important because it creates trust, heightens engagement,
shows people why what you have to say is important and relevant to them,
stablishes a common ground and helps you connect at a human level, not just
at an intellectual one.

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 What I Can Do

Directions: To be an effective speaker, one must consider the different principles of

speech delivery. Using the graphic organizer below, list the salient tips in delivering
speeches to be able to convey the message to the listeners meaningfully.

Tips for Effective

Speech Delivery

Assessment

Directions: On the next page is the speech excerpt of Carlos P.

Romulo’s famous speech entitled “I Am a Filipino”. Read and deliver the speech
through a manuscript method and take a video of yourself delivering the speech
employing the different principles in speech delivery. After which, send the video
through face book messenger or email if you have any.
In case, there’s no way you can take a video of yourself and send it
online because of unavailability of gadget or unstable internet connection, the
teacher shall contact you and you will deliver speech over the phone.
Be guided by the scoring rubric.

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 I Am a Filipino

I am a Filipino–inheritor of a glorious past, hostage to the uncertain future. As such

I must prove equal to a two-fold task–the task of meeting my responsibility to the past, and
the task of performing my obligation to the future.

I sprung from a hardy race, child many generations removed of ancient Malayan
pioneers. Across the centuries the memory comes rushing back to me: of brown-skinned
men putting out to sea in ships that were as frail as their hearts were stout. Over the sea I
see them come, borne upon the billowing wave and the whistling wind, carried upon the
mighty swell of hope–hope in the free abundance of new land that was to be their home
and their children’s forever.

This is the land they sought and found. Every inch of shore that their eyes first set
upon, every hill and mountain that beckoned to them with a green-and-purple invitation,
every mile of rolling plain that their view encompassed, every river and lake that promised
a plentiful living and the fruitfulness of commerce, is a hallowed spot to me.

I am a Filipino. In my blood runs the immortal seed of heroes–seed that flowered

down the centuries in deeds of courage and defiance. In my veins yet pulses the same hot
blood that sent Lapulapu to battle against the first invader of this land, that nerved
Lakandula in the combat against the alien foe, that drove Diego Silang and Dagohoy into
rebellion against the foreign oppressor.

The seed I bear within me is an immortal seed. It is the mark of my manhood, the
symbol of dignity as a human being. Like the seeds that were once buried in the tomb of
Tutankhamen many thousand years ago, it shall grow and flower and bear fruit again. It is
the insignia of my race, and my generation is but a stage in the unending search of my
people for freedom and happiness.

Out of the lush green of these seven thousand isles, out of the heartstrings of sixteen
million people all vibrating to one song, I shall weave the mighty fabric of my pledge. Out
of the songs of the farmers at sunrise when they go to labor in the fields, out of the sweat
of the hard-bitten pioneers in Mal-lig and Koronadal, out of the silent endurance of
stevedores at the piers and the ominous grumbling of peasants in Pampanga, out of the first
cries of babies newly born and the lullabies that mothers sing, out of the crashing of gears
and the whine of turbines in the factories, out of the crunch of plough-shares upturning the
earth, out of the limitless patience of teachers in the classrooms and doctors in the clinics,
out of the tramp of soldiers marching, I shall make the pattern of my pledge:

“I am a Filipino born to freedom, and I shall not rest until freedom shall have been
added unto my inheritance—for myself and my children and my children’s children—
forever.”

(Reprinted from The Philippines Herald, August 16, 1941)

Source: Philippines Magazine, January 1944

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Scoring Rubric (Video)
Diction, Projection and Vocal Variety (The speech is easy to understand and
hear. All words are enunciated clearly and loud enough to hear with good vocal
variety.) - 4 points
Pace and Fluency (The speech is delivered at an effective rate of speed, smooth
and lack of fillers.) – 4 points
Emotion (Emotion is believable and matches the tone of the speech.) – 4 points
Body Movements (Movements are expressive and are used to emphasize powerful
words.) – 2 points
Eye Contact (The speaker establishes audience rapport; expands zone of
interaction) – 2 points

Scoring Rubric (Audio)

Diction, Projection and Vocal Variety (The speech is easy to understand and
hear. All words are enunciated clearly and loud enough to hear with good vocal
variety.) - 6 points
Pace and Fluency (The speech is delivered at an effective rate of speed, smooth
and lack of fillers.) – 6 points
Emotion (Emotion is believable and matches the tone of the speech.) – 4 points

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 References

Dhu, Peter. “Tips For Quickly Building Rapport With Your Audience”. August 17,
2016. Accessed June 21, 2020, https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/9-tips-quickly-
building-rapport-your-audience-peter-dhu-mba-csp.

Flores, Ramona S. Oral Communication in Context. Manila, Philippines: REX

Book Store, 2016.

Miller, Fred E. “Non-Verbal Communication Element #4 –Posture”. March 12,

2010. Accessed June 27, 2020, https://nosweatpublicspeaking.com/non-
verbal-communication-element-4-posture/.

“Seven Tips on Voice Modualtion”. December 28, 2017. Accessed June 25, 2020
https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/7-vital-tips-voice-modulation-rahul-
bhatnagar.

Thompson, Sophie. “Ways to Make Your Presentation More Interactive”.

November 10, 2017. Accessed June 22, 2020,
https://virtualspeech.com/blog/ways-to-make-your-presentation-more-
interactive.

“Tips to Improve Your Stage Presence. January 06, 2017. Accessed June 27, 2020
https://ammermanexperience.com/newsletters/the-importance-of-stage-
presence/.

Toastmasters International. “Gestures: Your Body Speaks). June 2011. Accessed

June 22, 2020, http://web.mst.edu/~toast/docs/Gestures.pdf.

Van den Bergen, Henk. “Vocal Variety.” December 20, 2016. Accessed June 25,
2020, http://speak2connect.com/vocal-variety-2/.

Witt Communications. “How to Build Rapport with Your Audience?”

http://wittcom.com/how-to-build-rapport-with-your-audience/.

“Word Stress Rules to Improve Your Pronunciation. September 8, 2015. Accessed

June 25, 2020, https://www.toeflgoanywhere.org/learn-these-4-word-
stress-rules-improve-your-pronunciation.

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