71.

The table below shows the percentage of the population and the types of houses they
live in 3 areas of a city. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the
main features and make comparisons where relevant.

Type of housing Flat/Apartment Terraced Semi-Detached Detached

Central area - 15% 18% 28% 39%
(population 32,100)
Green Park area - 76% 14% 5% 5%
(population 31,700)
Southberg Area - 25% 56% 5% 14%
(population 32,000)

The given table compares the population and housing of three areas of a city. It is clear from
the graph that the population of the three areas is very similar at around 32,000 but there is
considerable difference in the choice of housing.

39% of the population of Central Area lives in detached houses. This is in sharp contrast to
Green Park Area where only a small minority (5%) lives in detached houses. Even in the
Southberg Area, only 14% people reside in detached houses.

The semi-detached houses are less popular in all three areas with 28% of Central Area
people living there and 5% each of Green Park and Southberg area living there. Terraced
houses are the most popular in Greenberg area with 56% of the people living there. Only
14% people of Green Park area and 18% of Central area people live there.

A large majority of Green Park area people (76%) live in flats or apartments, where as only a
quarter of the population of Southberg area lives in apartments. Flats are the least popular
among the Central Area people where only 15% people live in them.

71 www.makkarielts.com
72. The table below gives information about population of over 60-year-olds in six
regions in 2000, and the predicted numbers of population over 60 in 2050. It also
shows the world population over 60 in 2000 and 2050. Summarise the information in
the following three tables and make comparisons where relevant.

Region 2000 2050

Africa 5% 12%
North America 11% 26%
Europe 22% 31%
Asia 12% 28%
Latin America 7% 18%
Oceania 11% 22%
Whole world 13% 24%

The given table depicts data about number of people who are more than 60 year old in six
different regions, which are Africa, North America, Europe, Asia, Latin America and
Oceania in the year 2000 and their predicted numbers in 2050. The table also shows the
whole world population in both these years.

In 2000, the whole world population of the 60+ age group was 13%. The highest population
of this age group was in Europe. It was 22% in 2000 and is expected to grow to 31% by 2050.
Asia, Oceania and North America had a similar population (11-12%) of over-60-year-olds in
2000. The population of this age group in all these three areas is predicted to double by 2050.
Latin America had 7% population of 60+ age group, and this is forecast to grow
approximately two and a half times and reach 18% by 2050. Africa had the least population
of this age group in 2000, but this is also expected to grow more than two times and reach
12% by 2050.

Overall, the figures suggest that population of 60 year olds will continue to grow in all
regions but the growth will be more marked in the less developed regions.

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73. The table below shows the production of cacao beans in six regions between 1992 and
1998. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features and
make comparisons where relevant.

Production of cacao beans (IN TONS)

REGIONS 1992 1994 1996 1998

NORTH AND 46,000 25,000 39,000 46,000

CENTRAL
AMERICA
AFRICA 29,000 43,000 1,19,000 25,000
ASIA 1,19,000 1,24,000 2,34,000 4,36,000
OCEANIA 40,000 45,000 65,000 76,890
SOUTH 1,43,000 1,40,000 1,12,700 3,89,000
AMERICA
ENGLAND 56,000 67,000 43,000 49,000

The given table illustrates the production of cacao beans in six global areas from 1992 to
1998. It can be seen that the production of cacao was higher in South America and Asia than
all other given countries.

In 1992, the highest production of cacao was from South America at 1,43,000 tons, which
decreased slightly in 1994 and 1996, but picked up again and reached 3,89,000 tons by 1998.
Cacao production in Asia also increased considerably from 1,19,000 tone in 1992 to 4,36,000
tons in 1998 which was the highest figure for that year.

In Oceania, cacao production almost doubled from 40,000 tons in 1992 to 76,890 tons in 1998.
Africa and Asia showed fluctuating trends. In Africa, cacao production almost trebled from
1992 to 1996, starting at 29,000 tons in 1992 and reaching 1,19,000 tons in 1996. However, in
1998, it fell drastically and reached an all time low of 25,000 tons. In England the production
hovered between 43,000 and 67,000 over the given period.

Overall, cacao production increased in some areas and decreased in others.

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74. The table below gives information about the situation of marriage and age from 1960
to 2000 in Australia. Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main
features, and make comparisons where relevant.

Year Religion Civil marriage The average age The average age
marriage of bride of bridegroom
1960 25000 8000 21 24
1970 28000 12000 23 25
1980 50000 16000 25 27
1990 32000 23000 27 30
2000 34000 40000 30 32

The given table illustrates the number of religion and civil marriages along with the average
age of bride and groom from 1960 to 2000 in Australia. It is clearly seen that the number of
religion marriages fluctuated, whereas the number of civil marriages grew over the period of
four decades.

In 1960, the number of religion marriages was 25000, which increased slightly to 28000 in
1970, after which the number rose dramatically to an all time high of 50000 by 1980.
However, religion marriages showed a drastic fall and reached 32000 in 1990, after which the
number picked up slightly to 34000 by 2000. The number of civil marriages grew 5 times
from 8000 in 1960, to 40000 in 2000.

The average age of the bride was 21 in 1960, but increased steadily to 30 years by 2000. The
average age of the groom escalated from 24 to 32 over the given period of time.

Overall, it can be seen that civil marriages grew in popularity over the years, and in both
genders the average age of marriage increased.

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75. The table shows the percentage of young people who were employed in different
sectors in one country in 2005 and 2010. Summarize the information by selecting and
reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.

Sector 2005 2010

Agriculture 5 8
Business 7 10
Manufacturing 21 14
Shops restaurants & hotels 20 32
Social services 34 22
Transport 5 4
Other 8 10

The given table illustrates the percentage of young employees in various employment
sectors in a particular country in 2005 and 2010. It is clear that some sectors became more
popular in 2010 and in some the percentage of employees reduced.

Agriculture and transport sector were the least popular in both 2005 and 2010, with only 5%
employed in each sector in 2005. However, in 2010, 8% were employed in agriculture, an
increase of 3%, whereas only 4% got jobs in transport, a decrease of 1% from the figure of
2005. In manufacturing and in shops, restaurants and hotels, almost equal proportion of
young people worked (21% and 20% respectively). But in 2010, the percentage fell to 14% in
manufacturing, whereas it rose to 32% in shops, restaurants and hotels, making it the most
sought after sector to work in 2010. Social services was the most popular area among the
young people in 2005, and almost a third (34%) worked in this sector, but this percentage
declined to 22% in 2010. In business and other sectors (not mentioned in the graph), almost
equal number worked in both the given years, with 7-8% working in 2005 and 10% each
working in 2010.

Overall, it is clear that transport, manufacturing and social services employed lesser number
of young people in 2010 as compared to 2005, whereas in all other departments, the
employment of youth increased.

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76. The table shows the number of mobile phones and personal computers per 1,000
people in 2003 in 6 different countries. Summarize the information by selecting and
reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.

Country Number of mobile holders Number of PC owners (per

(per thousand people) thousand people)
Luxemburg 872 900
Italy 737 480
Singapore 684 690
Germany 586 452
South Korea 380 452
China 35 88

The given table illustrates the number of cell-phones and computers per thousand people in
2003 in six countries, namely – Luxemburg, Italy, Singapore, Germany, South Korea and
China. It is clear that the number of cell phone owners was more than the number of PC
owners in Italy and Germany, whereas in the other given countries the number of PC
owners was more.

Luxemburg had the highest number of cell phones and PCs (872 and 900 per thousand
people respectively). Surprisingly, China had the least number of cell phones (35) and PCs
(88) per thousand people. Singapore had almost equal number of cell phones and PCs
(around 700 per thousand people). The highest discrepancy in cell phone and PC owners
was seen in Italy, where the cell phones were owned by 737 per 1000 people and PC owners
were only 480 per 1000 people. Germany and South Korea had 580 and 360 cell phone
owners per 1000 people but the number of PC owners was the same (452 per 1000 people).

Overall, the cell phone and PC ownership was high in all given countries, except for China,
where it was the lowest.

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77. The table below depicts the information about the posts held by women in parliament
and in management in 5 countries in 2000. Summarise the information by selecting
and reporting the main features and make comparisons where relevant.

Countries Total number of seats in Total number of seats in

government management
Canada 54% 36%
Ukraine 23% 40%
Egypt 52% 36%
Rome 10% 52%
Italy 40% 25%

The given table compares the percentage of women working as government officials and as
managers in five countries, namely Canada, Ukraine, Egypt, Rome and Italy in the year 2000.
It is manifest from the table that more women worked in the parliament than as managers in
Canada, Egypt and Italy, whereas Ukraine and Rome had more women in the management
sector.

In Canada and Egypt, almost half of the posts in government were held by women, whereas
the least (10%) worked as bureaucrats in Rome. 40% females worked as government officials
in Italy, where as 23% worked in this department in Ukraine.

In the management sector, however, the scenario was quite different. Almost equal
proportion (36%) worked as managers in Canada and Egypt. 40% women in Ukraine and
25% in Italy worked in management. The highest percentage (52%) worked in management
sector in Rome.

Overall, it is interesting to note that the highest discrepancy among female workers in both
the given departments was seen in Rome in 2000.

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78. The charts below give information about the amount and types of water in the world,
and also tell the use of water in three areas in three countries. Summarise the
information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons
where relevant.

Underground Fresh
Fresh Total Fresh water renewable
Total World water ice 0.90%
water, water, 0.30%
2.50%

Fresh
underground
water,
29.90% Frozen water
(glaciers and
permanent
Saline
snows,
water, 69.80%
97.50
%

Use of water

60
Percentage of water used

50
40 Domestic use
30
Industry
20
Agriculture
10
0
Egypt Saudi Arabia Canada

The given pie charts depict the quantity and sorts of water in the world and the column
graph portrays the proportion of fresh water used for three different purposes in Egypt,
Saudi Arabia and Canada.

From the first pie chart it is obvious that a major chunk (97.50%) of the global water is saline
water and the remaining (2.5%) is fresh water. The second pie chart shows that a little over
two third (69.80%) is frozen water in the form of glaciers and permanent snows, whereas a
little under one third (29.90%) is fresh underground water. 0.90% of fresh water is in the
form of underground ice, whereas a very small fraction, which constitutes 0.30%, is fresh
renewable water.

From the column graph it is clear that in Egypt, 40% water is used for agriculture, which is
the highest use, where as only 10% and 8% water is used for domestic purposes and industry
respectively. The Saudis also used the maximum (50%) water for agriculture. They used 18%
water for industry, which was more than two times of that used by the Egyptians for this
purpose. The Saudi Arabians used only 8% for domestic use. It is interesting to note that the
Canadians used the maximum (47%) water for industry. They used 30% for agriculture and
around 18% in their households

Overall, it is clear that fresh water is a very precious commodity as only 2.5% of the total
water on this planet is fresh, and out of that a very small fraction is usable water, which is
used for domestic, industrial and agricultural use.

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79. The charts below show the percentage of five kinds of books sold by a bookseller
between 1972 and 2012. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the
main points and make comparisons where relevant.

1972 1992
Adult
fiction Others Adult
Others 20% 20% fiction
25% 25%

Children's Travel
fiction 18%
Travel
20%
15%
Children's
fiction
Biography 22%
Biography
20% 15%

2012 The three given pie charts

Others compare the popularity of five
12%
different kinds of books according
Travel
10%
to the sales of a bookseller during
Adult the period from 1972 to 2012. It
fiction
Biography 45% can be seen that the sale of fiction
8%
(adult and children’s) escalated,
whereas the sale of other
categories of books decreased
Children's
fiction over the period.
25%
In 1972, there was an equal sale of adult fiction, children’s fiction and biographies, which
constituted 20% each. Travel books had the least sale of 15%, whereas all other books had the
maximum sale of 25%.

In 1992, a quarter of the sales were of adult fiction, which was a rise of 5% from the figures
on 1972. The sale of children’s fiction and travel grew by 2% and 3% respectively, whereas
that of biography and other books dropped by 5% each.

The sale of adult fiction almost doubled after another two decades (2012), and reached 45%.
Children’s fiction had slightly more retail (25%) than that in 1992. Together, adult and
children’s fiction, dominated the market with a sale of just under three quarters. The sale of
all other categories fell markedly and together made up for just over a quarter of the sales.

Overall, fiction gained popularity, while biographies, travel books and other miscellaneous
books lost their public appeal over the given period of four decades.

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80. The charts below show the proportion of the energy produced from different sources
in a country between 1985 and 2003. Summarize the information by selecting and
reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.

Other
Other 1985 Natural
renewable 2003
renewable gas, 13% Natural
, 1% , 4%
gas, 23%

Coal, 8%
Oil, 39% Coal, 13%
Oil, 52% Hydrogen,
4%

Hydrogen,
Nuclear, 4%
22%
Nuclear,
17%

The given pie charts compare the percentage of energy generated from various sources in a
particular country from 1985 to 2003. It can be seen that the use of some sources to produce
energy increased with time, whereas that of others decreased.

Oil was the major source of energy production throughout the whole period, although its
usage dropped from just over a half (52%) in 1985 to approximately two fifth (39%) in 2003.
The use of nuclear also declined from 22% to 17% over the given period.

The use of natural gas and coal showed an increase from 13% and 8% in 1985 to 23% and
13% respectively in 2003. Interestingly, the proportion of energy produced from hydrogen
remained stable at 4%, whereas that from other renewable sources increased from 1% to 4%
over the given period of 18 years.

Overall, the maximum energy was produced from oil and the least from hydrogen and other
renewable sources from 1985 to 2003.

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81. The graph below shows the number of people taking part in a wildlife survey in
Britain between 2001 and 2009. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting
the main features and make comparisons where relevant.

The number of people taking part in a wildlife survey in Britain between 2001 and 2009
Year Adult Children Total
2001 36,000 12,000 48,000
2003 212,000 36,000 248,000
2005 332,000 32,000 364,000
2007 331,000 31,000 362,000
2009 270,000 270,000 540,000

The given table illustrates the information about the numbers of people (adults and
children), who participated in a survey about wildlife in Britain from 2001 to 2009. It is
evident from the graph that the total participants grew more than eleven fold from 2001 to
2009. The number escalated from 48,000 to 540,000 in the given period.

The number of adults increased from 36,000 in 2001 to 212,000 in 2003, which was the biggest
increase ever. It went up to 332,000 in 2005, after which the number of adults started falling
and in 2009 only 240,000 took part in the survey.

A similar trend of increase in the number of participants was seen in children from 2001 to
2003, although the number of children was much lesser than that of adults. But, after that the
numbers started to fall. Surprisingly, in 2009, the number of children participating in the
survey grew dramatically to 270,000, an increase of nine times. The total numbers of adults
and children participating was equal in 2009, at 270,000 each.

Overall, in all the given years the number of adult participants was way more than the
number of children, except for 2009, in which both categories participated in equal numbers.

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82. The three pie charts below show the coffee production and consumption of coffee and
where the profit goes around the world. Summarise the information by selecting and
reporting the main features and make comparisons where relevant.

Production Consumption
Vietnam South Rest of
16% Africa the world Europe
44% 12% 41%

Japan
Japan
18%
8%

America
Indonesia
39%
22%

The given three pie charts depict the data

Where the profit goes
Producers about the production and consumption of
15% Delivery coffee and also give information about
51%
the distribution of the profits from it in
Exporters
different sectors. It is clear from the first
10% and second pie charts that South Africa is
the major producer of coffee and Europe
Retailers and the USA have a very high
24%
consumption of coffee.

From the first chart it is clear that South Africa produces the maximum coffee. Its coffee
production is 44% and Indonesia’s production is half of that. Japan and Vietnam stand at
18% and 16% of coffee production, respectively.

The second pie chart reveals that the maximum consumption of coffee is in European
nations (41%) and the second highest consumption is in the USA (39%). Japan needs to
import only 8% of the coffee, as it is also a coffee producer. The rest of the world consumes
just over a fifth of the coffee.

The profit distribution in the coffee market is illustrated in the third pie chart. Half of the
total profit is earned by the delivery sector, whereas the retailers earn almost a quarter of the
profits. A tenth of the profits go the exporters and the remaining 15% profits are earned by
the production sector.

Overall, it can be said that the countries that consume the most coffee are also the biggest
importers of coffee. It is also surprising that the delivery sector earns more profit than any
other sector.

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83. The graphs below show the different reasons of two groups of students to choose
Dorrifod University. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main
features and make comparisons where relevant.

Opportunity to Related to industry

study abroad as Age 18-24
4%
part of course Close to home
9% 36%

Reputation of
Course offered teaching staff
35% 2%
Facilities on
campus
14%

Related to industry Age 25 and over

20%

Close to home
39%
Opportunity to
study abroad as
part of course
3%

Course offered
24%
Facilities on Reputation of
campus teaching staff
2% 12%

The given pie charts compare the reasons of choosing Dorrifod University by two different
age groups which are 18-24 year olds and those above 25 years old.

It is clear from the graph that proximity to home is the reason chosen by over a third of both
age groups. Course offered is the second reason given by 35% of 18-24 year olds and just
under a quarter of the 25+ age group. Reputation of the faculty and relation to industry is
given importance by 12 % and 20% of the older age group, where as only a small minority
(2% and 4%) of the younger age group choose the university for these two reasons. In
contrast, facilities to study abroad and facilities on campus are valued more by the 18-24 year
age group, than those aged 25 and over. Under 5% of the 25 year plus age group enroll in the
university for these two reasons.

Overall both age groups have some similarities and some differences in their reasons for
opting to study in the given university.

83 www.makkarielts.com
84. The pie charts below show the different types of courses, which were followed by the
students during the years of 1984, 1994 and 2004. Summarize the information by
selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.

Courses followed by students in the Courses followed by students in

year of 1984 the year of 1994
mixed online face to
media mixed courses face
courses media 11% courses
13% courses 54%
correspon 15%
dence face to
courses face correspo
20% courses ndence
67% courses
20%

Courses followed by students in

the year of 2004
online face to
mixed courses face
media 10% courses
courses 40%
35%
correspo
ndence
courses
15%
The given pie charts compare the ways in which students studied in 1984, 1994 and 2004. It
is clear that some methods gained popularity while others lost popularity.

In 1984, face-to-face courses were most popular with two thirds (67%) of the students opting
for such courses. A fifth (20%) of the students studied through correspondence courses and
the least number (13%) opted for mixed media courses.

In 1994, the popularity of correspondence courses did not change. Mixed media courses
gained slight popularity with 2% more students opting for them. Face to face method
decreased by 13% and in their place online courses were opted by 11% students.

In 2004, the popularity of mixed media courses more than doubled and 35% students
enrolled in such courses. Face to face courses reduced further and 40% students chose such
courses in 2004.

Overall, it can be seen that with the passage of time fewer students chose face-to-face
method, but the multimedia courses were chosen by more and more students.

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85. The diagram below shows the multistage production of pears as canned fruits. Write a
report for a university lecturer describing the process below.

The diagram illustrates how to produce canned fruit step by step. It is clear that there are
several main steps in the process, from the picking of the pears to the final canned product.

In the first stage of the process, ripe pears are picked by hand and then transported to the
factory where the pears are washed and then checked for quality under a magnified view.
Next, the defective pears are taken away and the good ones are cooled in storage at a specific
temperature. Then the pears are weighed and graded into different grades. Following this,
the pears are peeled before slicing them, and then their cores are also removed.

In the next step, these cored and sliced pears are put in cans and sealed before being cooked.
This also sterilizes the cans filled with pears. After this, the cans are labeled and stored and
are finally dispatched to the supermarkets for sale.

Overall, it can be seen that the process of canning pears is a complex process involving many
steps.

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86. The diagram below illustrates how a simple water filter is constructed and how it
functions to produce clean drinking water. Write a report for a university lecturer
describing the diagram below.

The given diagram shows the process of producing clean drinking water by a water filter. It
can be seen that there are numerous steps in the process from the initial impure water to the
final potable water.

In the first step, impure water is put into a metal (iron or steel) container with a wooden top.
In the metal container there are three filtering layers, namely sand, charcoal and gravel, with
sand at the top and gravel at the bottom. In the bottom part, the water, which is filtered
through the three layers, is stored temporarily.

An angled metal pipe is there which has the lower opening in the bottom part of the water
filter tank. The upper part of the pipe comes out from the upper part and is linked to another
closed metal tank. The filtered water from the first tank is brought into the second tank,
which is at a lower level than the first tank. There is a tap attached to the bottom part of the
tank, through which the clean drinking water can be taken out for drinking.

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87. The diagram below shows the stages of processing cocoa beans. Write a report for a
university lecturer describing the process below.

The given flow chart illustrates how cocoa beans are processed to obtain different products.
It can be clearly seen that there are three stages in the process, from the initial whole beans to
the final products in the market.

In the first stage, the whole beans are picked from the cocoa tree. After being picked, their
outer shells are removed and they are dried for the next stage. Stage 2 consists of many
steps. Firstly, the dried beans are pressed. Some of these pressed beans are further pressed to
make cocoa cake, whereas the rest are refined to make industrial chocolate to which sugar is
added.

In the third and final stage, the cocoa cake is ground to make cocoa powder and liquor is
also obtained. The cocoa powder is sent to the market to be used by the consumer, whereas
the cocoa liquor is used in the industry to make cakes and drinks. The industrial chocolate is
sent for final processing after which the finished chocolate products are finally consumed by
consumers.

Overall, there are three stages in the process of making different products from cocoa beans.

87 www.makkarielts.com
88. The following maps show the changes that have taken place in Sydney International
Airport since 1930. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main
features and make comparisons where relevant.

Sydney International Airport

The given maps allow us to see changes

in Sydney International Airport, over a
period of 85 years. It can be seen that
radical changes have taken place in the
airport over the given period of time.

In 1930, the airport was relatively small

and consisted of one terminal and one runway, which can be seen in the centre of the layout
between the Boston Bay towards the south and the road to Sydney towards the north.
Towards the west of the terminal, a river flowing from the north to south can be seen
merging into the Boston Bay.

The second map shows the present Sydney International Airport. The road on the north has
been extended towards the west for traffic coming from Canberra. The terminal has now
become the International Terminal. A Domestic Terminal has been constructed towards the
east with the runway 1 between both terminals. Two more runways have been added
towards the south between the terminals and the Boston Bay. Two car parks have been
made, one near each terminal. A hotel has also been constructed between the International
Terminal and the river.

Overall, the Sydney International Airport has witnessed a major development in a period of
eight and a half decades.

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89. The map shows the village park, now and 10 years ago. Summarize the information by
selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.

The given maps depict the developments that have taken place in a village park over a
period of a decade. It can be seen that radical changes have taken place over a period of 10
years.

10 years ago, the park was fairly simple, with entrance at the north-west corner. The football
pitch was there in the centre of the park, towards the north of which were two tennis courts
and on the north-west, a car park to accommodate about 20 cars was there. A children’s play
area was there on the north-east and towards the south east were some woods and a pond.

The second map shows that the park has undergone great changes in 10 years time. A cycle
path has been made all around the periphery of the park. The tennis courts have doubled
and the car park has expanded to house about 50 cars. Children’s play area has not changed,
but it has a soft children’s play area incorporated in the south. Toilets have been added
towards the south of the children’s area. The pond has been converted into a boating lake
and the trees have been cut to make a café. A picnic area has been made on the south-west
side.

Overall, the total area of the park is the same, but many things have been added and the
functionality of the park has improved.

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90. The diagram below shows the changes made in an Australian park. Write a report for
a university lecturer describing the changes made.

The given maps illustrate the changes an Australian park has undergone. There are a few
things that remained unchanged and some new things have been introduced in the park.

The first map depicts the park in the past. A cycle path ran just south of the ocean. The park
was divided into two sections by a path. The right side of the park had a cafe towards the
northwest corner. There was a soccer field in the middle of the park and a few trees were
there in the park. The left section of the park had only a few trees. Towards the south of the
park, there was a road named Park Avenue.

There have been some changes, which can be seen in the park now. The cycle path has
remained unchanged. The park still has two sections, but there are many changes that can be
seen in the park. The soccer field is in the same location. The cafe has been moved a little
southwards. A tennis court has been made towards the south of the soccer fields. In the left
section of the park, a few benches have been setup in the northeast part and an area for
barbecue has been made in the southeast section of the park.

Overall, it can be said that some additions have been made to the park to make the park
more attractive for people to visit.

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91. The picture below shows the changes of a park from 1980 to now. Summarise the
information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons
where relevant.

The given pictures illustrate the layout of a park, in 1980, and also show the changes till the
present time. It can be seen that there are a few similarities but many differences in the two
layouts.

In 1980, the rectangular park was walled on all four sides with two gates, one towards the
west and one towards the south. An ‘L’ shaped road connected the two gates. A small pond
was there between the road and the west wall of the park. There were benches on three sides
of the pond. On each side of the road, towards the southeast and southwest were flower
beds, with beautiful flowers. In the north east of the park, there was an area full of trees.

A lot of changes can be seen in the present view of the park. The boundary wall has been
totally removed. The main road has been extended to the north and the east side. Amidst the
trees, some picnic chairs and tables have been placed and people can also enjoy the barbecue
over there. The flower area on the southwest has been replaced by a bush, and that on the
south east has been replaced by the play ground. The small pond and the benches have not
been touched.

Overall, the park has become an open space with no walls and gates.

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92. The diagram below shows the changes, which took place in a coastal area called
Pentland from 1950 to 2007. Write a report for a university lecturer describing the
diagrams below.

COASTAL TOWN

The given diagram shows the changes, which occurred in a coastal town, Pentland, between
1950 and 2007. It can be seen that the area developed a lot in the given period of 57 years.

In 1950, Pentland was located towards the south of the sea. There was a straight main road
bisecting the town into two. Two side roads were there, one to the left and the other to the
right. The left road led to an industrial area, whereas the right one led to the car park. The
rest of the area was mainly grassland.

57 years later, the sea was developed as a Yacht Marina, circled by a newly built road, which
was linked to the original straight road. Many apartments were built to the right. The
industrial area on the left, was replaced by a park, a swimming pool and a multi-storey car
park. The side roads were shifted further southwards. The car park on the right was
removed and many apartments were built in its place. On the south east corner of Pentland,
many houses were built and a cinema was constructed in the corner between the main road
and the left side road. Many shops were opened along the northern side of both side roads.

Overall, Pentland developed into a busy commercial coastal town over a period of half
century.

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