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Research III
Quarter 3 - Module 1:
Descriptive & Inferential
Statistics
Research III – Grade 9
Quarter 3 – Module 1: Descriptive VS Inferential Statistics
First Edition, 2024

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Research III
Quarter 3
Module 1:
Descriptive & Inferential
Statistics
Introductory Message
This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners,
can continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions,
directions, exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to
understand each lesson.

Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-
by-step as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.

Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each

SLM. This will tell you if you need to proceed on completing this module or if
you need to ask your facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for better
understanding of the lesson. At the end of each module, you need to answer
the post-test to self-check your learning. Answer keys are provided for each
activity and test. We trust that you will be honest in using these.

In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher are also
provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how
they can best help you on your home-based learning.

Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any
part of this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises
and tests. And read the instructions carefully before performing each task.

If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering
the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or
facilitator.

Thank you.

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 Let Us Learn!

Hello! Good day!

We have some questions here!

What are the two major divisions of Statistics?

How do they differ from each other?

Can you give samples for each major division?

You will find the answer of these questions as you go along with this
Self-Learning Material. You will journey in this module with the given
competency:
1. utilize appropriate statistical tools in inferential statistics
Code: SSP-RS9-AID-III-q-t-7

Specifically, you will learn to:

1. identify the two major divisions of Statistics;
2. differentiate the two major divisions of Statistics;
3. give examples of descriptive and inferential Statistics;
4. cite the importance of applying descriptive and inferential statistics in
research.

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 Let Us Try!

Great job! You are now making your moves towards completing this
module!

How well do you know about the two major divisions of Statistics?
How about its examples?

Let us try to find out by answering the following questions. After

honestly answering this, you may check the answers at the last part of this
module.

Pre-Assessment

Multiple Choice: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen
letter on a separate sheet of paper.

1. Which of the following best describes descriptive statistics?

a. summarize and describe data
b. allow you to generalize beyond the data at hand
c. allow random assignment to experimental conditions
d. use data from a sample to answer questions about a population

2. What are the two basic divisions of statistics?

a. sampling and scaling
b. mean and median
c. inferential and descriptive
d. population and sample

3. Which of the following is NOT descriptive statistics?

a. The mean age of people in Detroit.
b. The number of people who watched the superbowl in the year 2002.
c. A prediction of next month's unemployment rate.
d. The median price of new homes sold in Miami.
e. The height of the tallest woman in the world.

4. Which two are examples of descriptive statistics?

a. Mean and standard deviation
b. Median and correlation
c. Variance and regression analysis
d. Hypothesis testing and histograms

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5. How do descriptive and inferential statistics differ?
a. Descriptive statistics are more computationally sophisticated than
inferential statistics.
b. Inferential statistics are more computationally sophisticated than
descriptive statistics.
c. Descriptive statistics only attempt to describe data, while inferential
statistics attempt to make predictions based on data.
d. Inferential statistics only attempt to describe data, while descriptive
statistics attempt to make predictions based on data.

Let Us Study

Way to go! Let us level up!

Activity 1: Descriptive VS Inferential

Instructions: Identify the kind of statistics. Write “D” for descriptive and “I”
for inferential statistics. Write your answer on the space provided before
each item.

_____________ 1. The monthly average expenditure per household is

10,000 pesos.
_____________ 2. The Philippine Regulation Commission (PRC) ranks the
results of Certified Public Accountants Professional
examination in 2010.
_____________ 3. The guard in the SM Megamall records the number of
shoppers for the past 15 days.
_____________ 4. An analyst recorded the sales revenue statistics of his
textile company for the last 10 months; he wants to
determine if there will be a relative increase or decrease in
the sales revenue for the next month.
_____________ 5. One hundred costumers have their corresponding age and
buying preference results. The manager wants to determine
its relationship.

Descriptive Statistics

One area of statistics that is useful for describing data is descriptive

statistics. It is employed to condense a sample's characteristics such that a
group pattern can be identified. It makes it possible for researchers to
convey data in a more meaningful form that makes interpretation simple.
Two tools are used in descriptive statistics to arrange and characterize data.
The following are listed:

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(1) Measures of Central Tendency - These help describe the
central location of data using measures such as mean, median, and mode.

(2) Measures of Dispersion - These measure help to see how spread out the
data is in a distribution with respect to a central point. Range, standard
deviation, variance, quartiles, and absolute deviation are the measures of
dispersion.

Inferential Statistics
A subfield of statistics known as inferential statistics uses sample analysis
to draw conclusions about the population. Utilizing demographic data gets
challenging when it is very huge. In these situations, representative samples
of the total population are obtained. Using these samples, inferential
statistics makes inferences about the population. To select appropriate
samples from the population, sampling techniques include simple random
sampling, cluster sampling, stratified sampling, and systematic sampling
must be applied. The following are some approaches utilized in inferential
statistics:

(1) Hypothesis Testing - This method uses hypothesis tests such as z-test, f-
test, t-test, etc. to draw conclusions from population data. It requires
establishing a null hypothesis, an alternative hypothesis, and testing
decision criteria.

(2) Regression Analysis - Such a technique is used to test the relationship

between dependent and independent variables. The most commonly used
type of regression is linear regression.

Let Us Practice

Excellent! You've come this far! Let's get this thing started!

Activity 2: Where do I belong?

Instructions: Classify the following examples of Statistics by filling-in the

given table.
Measures of Central Tendency Measures of Dispersion
Hypothesis Testing Regression Analysis
Z test Mode
Mean Variance
F test Median
Range Standard Deviation
Absolute Deviation T test
Linear Regression

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 Descriptive Statistics Inferential Statistics

Guide Questions:
1. Differentiate descriptive from inferential statistics?
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2. Give examples for descriptive and inferential statistics based on your

answers in the given table.
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3. How did you classify the given examples?

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Let Us Practice More

Activity 3: Where Am I?

Instructions: For each statement, decide whether descriptive or inferential

statistics is used.
_______________ 1. The average life expectancy in New Zealand is 79.39
years.
_______________ 2. The researchers found that the shape of the person
ears are related to the aggressiveness of a person.
_______________ 3. In 2022, DepEd also opened classes during the last week
of August. More than 28 million students enrolled in
public schools for school year 2022 to 2023, based on
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 DepEd data.
_______________ 4. The Cleveland Browns are projected by ESPN to win 12
games this upcoming season.
_______________ 5. The mean waiting time at the BSU Financial Aid office is
5.3 minutes.
_______________ 6. Two Bukidnon State University (BSU) graduate students
conducted a study about the size of student's feet and
their comprehension of statistics.
_______________ 7. The Denver Mighty won 8 games in a row with Tim
Tebow at quarterback in the 2011/12 season.

Let Us Remember

Awesome! Now, let us gather what you have learned.

Activity 4: Graphic Organizer

Instruction: Using the graphic organizer, summarize what you have learned
about the divisions of statistics.

Statistics

Purpose

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 Let Us Assess

Superb! Just Superb! It’s time to try the fruit of your journey!

Post-Assessment
Multiple Choice: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen
letter on a separate sheet of paper.

1. What are the two basic divisions of statistics?

a. inferential and descriptive c. sampling and scaling.
b. population and sample d. mean and median.

2. Check all that apply. Descriptive statistics __________________________.

a. allow random assignment to experimental conditions.
b. use data from a sample to answer questions about a population.
c. summarize and describe data.
d. allow you to generalize beyond the data at hand.

3. Which of the following is NOT descriptive statistics?

a. The mean age of people in Detroit.
b. The number of people who watched the superbowl in the year 2002.
c. A prediction of next month's unemployment rate.
d. The median price of new homes sold in Miami.
e. The height of the tallest woman in the world.

4. How do descriptive and inferential statistics differ?

a. Descriptive statistics only attempt to describe data, while inferential
statistics attempt to make predictions based on data.
b. Inferential statistics only attempt to describe data, while descriptive
statistics attempt to make predictions based on data.
c. Descriptive statistics are more computationally sophisticated than
inferential statistics.
d. Inferential statistics are more computationally sophisticated than
descriptive statistics.

5. Which two are examples of descriptive statistics?

a. Mean and standard deviation.
b. Median and correlation.
c. Variance and regression analysis.
d. Hypothesis testing and histograms.

For items no. 6-8, kindly identify the type of Statistics.

6. Mark is better than any other player.

a. Inferential b. Descriptive

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7. According to the 2016 Census the population of Hartsville, SC was 7,768.
a. Inferential b. Descriptive
8. An algebra teacher at the local community college will only pass 5
students this semester because they were in a bad mood.
a. Inferential b. Descriptive

9. Which of the following does NOT describe inferential statistics?

a. To make inferences based on data collected from a sample.
b. To make predictions about future events.
c. To make inferences about a sample based on data collected from the
population.
d. To describe data collected from a sample.

10. What statistics consists of generalizing from samples to populations,

performing estimations and hypothesis tests, determining relationships
among variables, and making predictions?
a. Inferential c. mathematical
b. Population d. descriptive

Let Us Enhance

Activity 5: Modified True or False

You are remarkable! This part would be easy for you! I know you can
do it! You’ll do great!

Modified True or False: Write TRUE if the statement is true. If it is

FALSE, underline the word that makes it incorrect then write the correct
answer.

No. Answer Description

1 Descriptive statistics organizes, test and predict future
outcomes.
2 Inferential statistics is defined as numbers that are used
to summarize and describe data.
3 One of the example of inferential statistics is “Relationship
between university students’ study strategies and their
academic results.”
4 Descriptive statistics uses the following methods: Analysis
of Variance and Hypothesis testing.
5 Inferential statistics uses tabular presentations to
represent the data.

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 Let Us Reflect

Activity 6: Short Essay

Congratulations! Might what to share your deep thought on this!

Create a short essay composing only one paragraph. How are descriptive
statistics used in everyday life?

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Answer key to Activities

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 References

Electronic Sources:

Daños, C. J. (n.d.). Lesson-2-Branches-of-Statistics-Quiz. Scribd.

https://www.scribd.com/document/480191764/Lesson-2-Branches-
of-Statistics-Quiz
Descriptive and inferential statistics - differences, examples. (n.d.).
Cuemath. https://www.cuemath.com/data/descriptive-and-
inferential-statistics/
Inferential and Descriptive | 3.1K plays | Quizizz. (n.d.).
https://quizizz.com/admin/quiz/5c4a20a5ff32b6001a7e04e9/quiz-
on-inferential-and-descriptive

Illustrations
Erick Venn R. Rollon (2023)

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For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Division of Tagum City

E-Park, Apokon, Tagum City

Telefax: (084)-216-3504

Email Address: http://deped.tagumcity.gov.ph

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