0BASRA UNIVERSITY FOR OIL & GAS

COLLAGE OF INDUSTRIAL MANAGEMENT OIL & GAS

DEPARTMENT OF PETROLEUM PROJECT MANAGEMENT

THE IMPACT of TRAINING on ACHIEVING

COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE in PETROLEUM PROJECTS

( STUDY COMPARISON )

Prepared By The Student :

TABARK OSAMA ABDEL RAZZAQ

Supervisor :
Lecturer Assist

DR. ALI KAZEM SADDAM

( This research provided to the ‘’Department of Petroleum Project

Management – College of Industrial Management for Oil and Gas’’ as
part of the requirements for obtaining a Bachelor’s Degree )

2023_2024
 ‫قال تعالى ‪:‬‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫‪ 1‬سورة النحل اية‬

DEDICATION
ABSTRACT

1
2
TABLE OF CONTENTS

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 CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION

1. CHAPTER ONE
1.1.INTRODUCTION
1.2.Research Problem
1.3.Research Hypothesis
1.4.Research Importance
1.5.Research Objectives
1.6.Research limits
1.7.Basic Definitions Of Research Terms.
1.8.Research Framework
1.9.Research Structure

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 1.1.INTRODUCTION

The human element represents one of the most important resources of organizations, as
it represents the foundation of organizations in achieving their success and implementing
their goals. Hence, the administration works to properly guide individuals and build their
capabilities by linking their goals to the organization’s goals.

The word Training has two meanings:1

1- Training in the sense of “TRAINING”: It means preparing the individual for a specific
disease through theoretical explanation and practical application, with the aim of
Developing the individual cognitively, skillfully, and attitude, or with another goal, the
goal of individual growth.
2- Training in the sense of FORMATION: Training in this sense is much higher than it,
because training in this case is a tool. Change is able to change.
Training is a process of changing the trainee’s style of thinking and behavior in light of the
actual needs and problems facing the work.
- Or it is the administrative or organizational efforts that aim to improve a person’s ability
to perform a specific job or play a specific role in the organization.
In which he works.

Competitive advantage
has become an important place in the strategic thinking of an organization, especially in
the era of globalization and the openness of the economy.
Which represents at the same time an opportunity and a threat for the organization to
achieve and enhance its competitive advantage.

This has led to an increase in the intensity of competition in the market, so that
institutions are threatened with extinction and disappearance, and this is what prompted
institutions To the necessity of possessing competitive advantages and searching for their
various sources and foundations for building them.

In the face of this situation, we consider the human resources development strategy to be
one of the most important strategies that the organization can follow in order to
Achieving a competitive advantage. Proper selection and recruitment of human resources,
training and evaluation of their performance enables the organization to gain a
competitive advantage. Which enables it to compete with competitors .

1
For administrative training, concepts and methods. First edition, 2013, Dar Al-Raya for Publishing and Distribution, p. 21

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The relationship between training and competitive advantage( 2

Training is an essential element and pillar in providing the organization with a

competitive advantage, as it presents its various models and forms.
To help managers who know the skills related to their work and obtain knowledge that
helps them improve their performance
And achieve the goals of their organizations. Training expands the capabilities of
managers through learning and practicing future work, especially
It is possible to observe the benefits of training by carrying out the performance
evaluation process and implementing the strategy.
Organizational competitiveness is very important to be applied to know the extent of its
impact on the values and practices of managers. It is possible to
Monitoring the performance of managers by creating and creating an effective and
feasible communications network that justifies its establishment.

1.2.Research Problem

The problem with the research here is that in Iraqi oil organizations and petroleum
projects in Iraq, the majority of these projects and companies are undertaken by foreign
workers instead of Iraqi national workers, the particular reason for circumstance to the
lack of sufficient experience and knowledge, The Iraqi workers need training to achieve a
competitive advantage between foreign and Iraqi workers in petroleum projects in the
country . So the main research question is:

How does training affect to achieving competitive advantage in petroleum projects in Iraq?

And Several questions will arise from this question :

1. Is there a clear perception among Iraqi petroleum companies about the concept of
competitive advantage?

2. Is it possible to develop training programs in its four stages: the training needs stage,
and Training program design, implementation and evaluation, in order to achieve
competitive advantage?

3. Does training in Iraqi petroleum organizations and projects, for the workforce
contribute to increasing their production and achieving their competitive
advantage?
2
2-1 Hafyan Abdel Wahab, The Role of Human Resources in Achieving Complete Advantage for Organizations, Dar Al-Ayyam
Publishing and Distribution, Arabic Edition, 2015, p. 105.
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1.3.Research Hypothesis

Based on the research problem statement which represented in identify the impacts of
training to achieving competitive advantage in petroleum projects , this research depends
on the following Directional Hypothec:

1) H1: There is a positive correlation between the implementation of training

programs and the competitive advantage of oil projects in Iraq.

2) H2: Oil projects with well-trained workforce demonstrate higher levels of efficiency
and productivity.

3) H3: Optimizing training programs based on industry best practices leads to a

sustainable competitive advantage for oil companies operating in Iraq.

1.4.Research Importance

Studying the impact of training programs in the Iraqi oil industry is significant for several
reasons:

1. Increased Productivity and Improved Work Quality: Appropriate training programs

can contribute to enhancing workers' performance, thus increasing productivity
and reducing errors.

2. Enhanced Safety and Security: By developing workers' skills and increasing their
awareness of work risks, it is possible to reduce workplace accidents and improve
the work environment.

3. Strengthening Competitive Advantage: Well-trained workers enable oil companies

to gain a competitive edge in the market, whether through increased productivity or
improved quality of services provided.

4. Human Resource Development: Developing workers' skills is an essential part of

human resource development strategy, which is a critical success factor in any
industry.

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1.5.Research Objective

This research aims to the following:

1) To examine the relationship between training programs and the competitive

advantage of oil projects in Iraq.

2) To assess the effectiveness of training in enhancing the skills and knowledge of

workers in the oil industry.

3) To analyze the impact of training on the efficiency and productivity of oil projects in
Iraq.

4) To investigate the role of training in improving safety measures and reducing

accidents in oil projects.

5) To identify best practices and recommendations for optimizing training programs

to achieve competitive advantage in the Iraqi oil industry.

1.6.Research limits

 A. Scientific limits (scope of research) The impact of training in achieving

competitive advantage

 B. Spatial boundaries (spatial research site), Basra Governorate

 C. Time limits (the time period covered by the research) 10/10/2023 until
4/10/2024

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1.7.Basic Definitions Of Research Terms.

TRAINING : It is to provide the individual with the sound scientific and practical methods,
experiences, and trends necessary to use the current knowledge and skills that
He possesses or acquires a new one sufficient to enable him to provide the best possible
performance in his current job and prepare him to carry out job tasks.

future training according to a scientific plan for his training needs.

Training is a process of changing the trainee’s style of thinking and behavior in light of the
actual needs and problems facing the work.

- Or it is the administrative or organizational efforts that aim to improve a person’s ability

to perform a specific job or play a specific role in the organization.
in which he works.

Competitive advantage: Competitive advantage is defined as the ability to optimally

exploit its resources, especially human resources, to formulate and implement policies.
And appropriate strategies that distinguish it from other competing institutions.

We can say that an organization has a competitive advantage if it has the ability to create
value for its customers, through:

Adopting a smart and effective competitive strategy that emphasizes its distinction and
difference from its competitors, and enables it to confront and achieve profits that
guarantee it Survival and continuity .

1.8.Research Framework

This research studies training , and attempts to know the impact of the
training on competitive advantage in the petroleum projects .

In this study , the dependent variable is competitive advantage . The

independent variable is training as shown in the figure 1.1 below:

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 Petroleum Progects

Impact
Training
competitive
Advantage

Independent variables dependent variables

Figure 1.1: Shows The Research Framework Variables

1.9.Research Structure

The research consists of 5 chapters, where the first chapter deals with the problem of the
study, the importance, objectives, hypotheses, and definition of the research variables,
while the second chapter includes the literary framework for the research variables,
previous studies, the relationship of the research variables, and the results reached by
previous studies that contribute to developing the general perception of the relationship
between training and competitive advantage. The third chapter includes the research
methodology, the method of collecting data, selecting the sample, the method of testing
hypotheses, and the statistical method followed. The fourth chapter includes the most
important conclusions, and the fifth chapter includes the most important
recommendations.
CHABTER TWO

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 LITERARY FRAMEWORK & PREVIOUS STUDIES

INTRODUCTION

1 SECTION ONE : LITERARY FRAMEWORK .

1.1 Introduction
1.2 The importance and role of training in projects
1.3 Training variables (elements).

2 SECTION TWO : COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE ( IN GENERAL ) .

2.1 Cost strategy
2.2 Excellence strategy
2.3 Focus strategy

3 SECTION THREE : PREVIOUS STUDIES .

3. 1 ‫اسماء الدراسات هنا‬

4 SECTION FOUR : THE RELATIOSHIP BETWEEN TRAINING AND COMPETITIVE

ADVANTAGE .

CHABTER TWO

11
 LITERARY FRAMEWORK & PREVIOUS STUDIES

INTRODUCTION

This chapter is divided into four sections. The first section represents the literary
framework for the research and deals with the basic concepts of training and competitive
advantage and their historical development, as well as the developments that training and
competitive advantage have undergone in order to accommodate the change in the
business environment and the expansion of business towards foreign markets.

Then the first section deals with the importance and role of training in oil projects and
enterprises in particular, defining it in detail, and also addressing the training variables
and elements that affect competitive advantage.

The second section dealt with competitive advantage in general in terms of its origin,
development, and history, and presented some of its strategies

While, Section Three addresses the books and scientific research similar or nearby or
related to this research subject, where the studies are presented in the form of tables,
divided according to the concept into five tables, which in turn are divided into three
fields for each table represented by the fields of (Authors & Years, Research subjects,
Research discussion), and at the end of each table the researcher discusses the studies
that are presented and what distinguishes each one from the other.

The fourth section discusses the relationship between training and competitive advantage
in detail

SECTION ONE

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 LITERARY FRAMEWORK

1.1 Introduction

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