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    Tissues Part 1 of 4

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    Vince Martin Manaig
    1) Tissues are groups of cells with similar structure and function, plus surrounding extracellular material. There are four main tissue types - epithelial, connective, muscle and nervous. 2) Epithelial tissue covers and protects surfaces. It is classified based on cell layers (simple, stratified, pseudostratified) and cell shapes (squamous, cuboidal, columnar). 3) Simple squamous epithelium is a single layer of flat cells found in the lungs and kidneys. Stratified squamous epithelium forms thick protective layers, like the outer layer of skin.

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    Tissues Part 1 of 4

    Uploaded by

    Vince Martin Manaig
    6 views28 pages
    1) Tissues are groups of cells with similar structure and function, plus surrounding extracellular material. There are four main tissue types - epithelial, connective, muscle and nervous. 2) Epithelial tissue covers and protects surfaces. It is classified based on cell layers (simple, stratified, pseudostratified) and cell shapes (squamous, cuboidal, columnar). 3) Simple squamous epithelium is a single layer of flat cells found in the lungs and kidneys. Stratified squamous epithelium forms thick protective layers, like the outer layer of skin.

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    Tissues Part 1 of 4

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    1) Tissues are groups of cells with similar structure and function, plus surrounding extracellular material. There are four main tissue types - epithelial, connective, muscle and nervous. 2) Epithelial tissue covers and protects surfaces. It is classified based on cell layers (simple, stratified, pseudostratified) and cell shapes (squamous, cuboidal, columnar). 3) Simple squamous epithelium is a single layer of flat cells found in the lungs and kidneys. Stratified squamous epithelium forms thick protective layers, like the outer layer of skin.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    6 views28 pages

    Tissues Part 1 of 4

    Uploaded by

    Vince Martin Manaig
    1) Tissues are groups of cells with similar structure and function, plus surrounding extracellular material. There are four main tissue types - epithelial, connective, muscle and nervous. 2) Epithelial tissue covers and protects surfaces. It is classified based on cell layers (simple, stratified, pseudostratified) and cell shapes (squamous, cuboidal, columnar). 3) Simple squamous epithelium is a single layer of flat cells found in the lungs and kidneys. Stratified squamous epithelium forms thick protective layers, like the outer layer of skin.

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    of 28

    1

    Tissues
    TOPIC 4 PART 1/4
    2
    Tissues

     A tissue is a group of cells with similar structure and


    function, plus the extracellular substance
    surrounding them.
     Histology is the study of tissues.
    3
    Types of Tissues

     There are four tissue types in the human body:


    1. Epithelial – a covering or lining tissue
    2. Connective – a diverse primary tissue type that makes
    up part of every organ in the body
    3. Muscle – a tissue that contracts or shortens, making
    movement possible
    4. Nervous – responsible for coordinating and controlling
    many body activities
    4
    Epithelial Tissues

     Epithelium, or epithelial tissue, covers and protects


    surfaces, both outside and inside the body.
     Included under the classification of epithelial tissue are
    the exocrine and endocrine glands.
    5
    Epithelial Tissue Characteristics

    1. Mostly composed of cells


    2. Covers body surfaces
    3. Distinct cell surfaces
    4. Cell and matrix connections
    5. Nonvascular
    6. Capable of regeneration
    6

    Characteristics
    of Epithelium
    7
    Functions of Epithelial Tissues

    1. Protects underlying structures


    2. Acts as a barrier
    3. Permits passage of substances
    4. Secretes substances
    5. Absorption of substances
    8
    Classification of Epithelia 1

     Epithelial tissues are classified primarily according to the


    number of cell layers and the shape of the superficial
    cells.
     The cell layers can be simple, stratified, or
    pseudostratified.
     The cell shapes can be squamous, cuboidal, columnar,
    or a special transitional shape, that varies with the
    degree of stretch.
    9
    Classification of Epithelia 2

     Simple epithelium consists of a single layer of cells, with


    each cell extending from the basement membrane to
    the free surface.
     Stratified epithelium consists of more than one layer of
    cells, but only the basal layer attaches the deepest layer
    to the basement membrane.
    10
    Classification of Epithelia 3

     Pseudostratified columnar epithelium is a special type of


    simple epithelium, that appears to be falsely stratified.
     It consists of one layer of cells, with all the cells attached
    to the basement membrane.
     Due to variations in the shape of the cells, the epithelia
    appears stratified.
    11
    Classification of Epithelia 4

     There are three types of epithelium based on idealized


    shapes of the epithelial cells:
    1. Squamous cells are flat or scalelike.
    2. Cuboidal cells are cube-shaped—about as wide as they
    are tall.
    3. Columnar cells tend to be taller than they are wide.
    12
    Simple Squamous Epithelium 1

     Simple squamous epithelium is a single layer of thin, flat


    cells.
     Some substances easily pass through this thin layer of
    cells, but other substances do not.
     The lungs, simple squamous epithelium, allows for gas
    exchange.
     The kidneys, simple squamous epithelium, helps filter
    wastes from the blood while keeping blood cells inside
    the blood vessels.
    13
    Simple Squamous Epithelium 2
    14
    Simple Cuboidal Epithelium 1

     Simple cuboidal epithelium is a single layer of cube-like


    cells that carry out active transport, facilitated diffusion,
    or secretion.
     They have a greater secretory capacity than simple
    squamous epithelial cells.
    15
    Simple Cuboidal Epithelium 2
    16
    Simple Columnar Epithelium 1

     Simple columnar epithelium is a single layer of tall, thin


    cells.
     The large size of these cells enables them to perform
    complex functions, such as secretion.
     The simple columnar epithelium of the small intestine
    produces and secretes mucus and digestive enzymes.
    17
    Simple Columnar Epithelium 2
    18
    Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium 1

     Pseudostratified columnar epithelium secretes mucus,


    which covers its free surface.
     Cilia in the airways move the mucus and accumulated
    debris toward the throat, where it is swallowed.
    19
    Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium 2
    20
    Stratified Squamous Epithelium 1

     Stratified squamous epithelium forms a thick epithelium


    because it consists of several layers of cells.
     Though the deepest cells are cuboidal or columnar and
    are capable of dividing and producing new cells, the
    naming is based on the shape of the surface cells.
     There are two types of stratified squamous epithelia:
    keratinized stratified squamous and nonkeratinized
    stratified squamous epithelia.
    21
    Keratinized Stratified Squamous
    Epithelium

     The outer layer of the skin is comprised of a keratinized


    squamous epithelium.
     The keratin reduces the loss of water from the body.
    22
    Nonkeratinized Stratified Squamous
    Epithelium

     Stratified squamous epithelium of the mouth is a moist


    nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium.
     This nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium
    provides protection against abrasion and acts as a
    mechanical barrier.
     Water, however, can move across it more readily than
    across the skin (keratinized stratified squamous).
    23
    Stratified Squamous Epithelium 2
    24
    Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium

     Stratified cuboidal epithelium consists of more than one


    layer of cuboidal epithelial cells.
     This epithelial type is relatively rare and is found in sweat
    gland ducts, ovarian follicular cells, and the salivary
    glands.
     It functions in absorption, secretion, and protection.
    25
    Stratified Columnar Epithelium

     Stratified columnar epithelium consists of more than one


    layer of epithelial cells; the surface cells are columnar
    but the deeper cells are irregular or cuboidal in shape.
     Like stratified cuboidal epithelium, stratified columnar
    epithelium is relatively rare, found in the mammary gland
    ducts, the larynx, and a portion of the male urethra.
     This epithelium carries out secretion, protection, and
    some absorption.
    26
    Transitional Epithelium 1

     Transitional epithelium is a special type of stratified


    epithelium that can be greatly stretched.
     The shape of the cells change as the epithelium is
    stretched.
     Transitional epithelium lines cavities that can expand
    greatly, such as the urinary bladder.
     It also protects underlying structures, like the urinary
    bladder, from the caustic effects of urine.
    27
    Transitional Epithelium 2
    Seeley’s 28
    REFERENCE
    ESSENTIALS OF
    Anatomy &
    Physiology
    Tenth Edition

    Cinnamon Vanputte
    Jennifer Regan
    Andrew Russo

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