CRI 227 1ST EXAM COVERAGE - Part 2

FORENSIC
PHOTOGRAPHY
HISTORY AND
DEVELOPMENT OF
PHOTOGRAPHY
True Photography
• 1839- is generally known as

the birth year of
photography. WILLIAM
HENRY FOX TALBOT
explained a process he had
invented (Calotype) at the
Royal Society of London.
CALOTYPE- used paper with its
surface fibers impregnated with
light sensitive compounds
Also known as talbotype is an early

photographic process introduced in
1841 by William Henry Fox Talbot,
using paper coated with silver iodide.
The term calotype comes from the
Greek καλός (kalos), "beautiful", and
τύπος (tupos), "impression".
CALOTYPE or TALBOTYPE
In this technique, a sheet of paper
coated with silver chloride was
exposed to light in a camera obscura;
those areas hit by light became dark
in tone, yielding a negative image.
LOUIS JACQUES MANDE
DAGUERRE-
made a public demonstration in Paris
“Daguerreotype” in collaboration with
Joseph Nicephore Niepce.
Daguerreotype- formed an image
directly on the silver surface of a
metal plate.
With Talbot “calotype”, the

fixation was only partial while
Daguerre’s Daguerreotypes, images
were made permanent with the use
of hypo.
The daguerreotype was the first

commercially successful photographic
process (1839-1860)
1848- ABEL NIEPCE DE SAINT-
VICTOR
introduced a process of negatives on
glass using albumen (egg white) as
binding medium.
1850- LOUIS DESIRIE
BLANQUART-EVARD introduced a
printing paper coated with albumen
to achieve a glossy surface.
1851- FREDERICK SCOTT
ARCHER
published a “wet plate” process
when collodion- a viscous liquid
that dries to a tough flexible and
transparent film-replaced
albumen.
1856- JOHN F.W HERSCHEL coined
the word “photography”
1861- James Clark Maxwell researched

on colors
1890- full corrected lenses were

introduced.
1907- Lummiere color process was
introduced, a panchromatic film was
used but with blue, green and red
filter.
1914- U.S Eastman Kodak made a

color subtractive process called
Kodachrome.
1935- color process came out

together with electronic flash.
1947- EDWIN H. LAND
introduced “POLAROID” the one
step photography.
The instant camera is a type of camera which
uses self-developing film to create a
chemically developed print shortly after taking
the picture. Polaroid Corporation pioneered
(and patented) consumer-
friendly instant cameras and film, and were
followed by various other manufacturers.
1960- LASER was invented making
possible Holograms (three
dimensional pictures)
A hologram is a physical structure that
diffracts light into an image. The term
'hologram' can refer to both the encoded
material and the resulting image.
A holographic image can be seen by
looking into an
illuminated holographic print or by shining
a laser through a hologram and projecting
the image onto a screen.
1988- The arrival of true digital
cameras.
Steven Sasson
• invented the first self-
contained digital
camera at Eastman
Kodak in 1975. It
weighed 8 pounds (3.6
kg) and had only 100 ×
100 resolution (0.01
megapixels). The
image was recorded
onto a cassette tape
and this process took
23 seconds.
The Camera Obscura
• The phenomenon that Aristotle described
illustrated became known as the camera
obscura. This term, meaning “dark room”,
was introduced by the Italians, whose
painters were among the first to make
practical use of Aristotle’s discovery.
BUT.. WHO INVENTED
THE CAMERA OBSCURA?
IBN AL-
HAYTHAM
“ALHAZEN”
• A camera obscura
(Latin for "dark
room") is an optical
device that led to
photography and the
photographic camera.
Joseph Niepce
• was able to obtain camera images
on papers sensitized with silver
chloride solution in 1816.He
invented a photographic process
which he called "heliography"
meaning "writing of the sun"
WHO INVENTED
COLORED
PHOTOGRAPHS?
George Eastman
• George Eastman was an

American entrepreneur
who founded a
Company and helped to
bring the photographic
use of roll film into the
mainstream. Can you
venture a guess at the
company’s name?
Eastman
Kodak
• Introduced in 1888, the Kodak No.1,
Eastman’s simple box camera was the
first camera to use roll film instead of
plates or sheets. The camera
appealed to the masses of amateur
photographers because it was small
(6 ½ inches x 3 ½ inches x 3 ½
inches) and simple to operate. The
advertising slogan “You press the
button, we do the rest” indicated that
anyone who could press the button
could get a good picture.
Edwin Herbert
Land
• American scientist and inventor,

best known as the co-founder of
the Polaroid Corporation. He
invented inexpensive filters for
polarizing light, a practical system
of in-camera instant photography,
and the retinex theory of color
vision, among other things.

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CRI 227 1ST EXAM COVERAGE - Part 2

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FORENSIC

• 1839- is generally known as

Also known as talbotype is an early

With Talbot “calotype”, the

The daguerreotype was the first

1861- James Clark Maxwell researched

1890- full corrected lenses were

1914- U.S Eastman Kodak made a

1935- color process came out

• George Eastman was an

• American scientist and inventor,

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