Defense Programs and Budget of Japan

防衛省
Ministry of Defense
Defense Programs and

Budget of Japan
“First Year” Budget for

Fundamental Reinforcement of
Defense Capabilities
Overview of FY2023 Budget

Table of Contents
Concept of Defense-Related Expenditures for FY2023
Ⅰ Defense-Related Expenses for FY2023
Ⅱ Main Programs
１ Stand-off Defense Capabilities
２ Integrated Air and Missile Defense Capabilities
３ Unmanned Defense Capabilities
４ Cross-domain Operation Capabilities
５ Command and Control/Intelligence-related
Functions
６ Mobile Deployment Capabilities/Civil Protection
７ Sustainability and Resiliency
Ⅲ Common Infrastructure
１ New Measures for Early Deployment of Defense
Equipment
２ Defense Production and Technological Base
３ Research and Development
４ Elements Supporting Defense Capability
５ Strengthening Japan-U.S. Alliance and Measures
for Harmony with Local Communities
６ Strengthening Security Cooperation
７ Initiatives to Combat Climate Change
８ Streaming Initiatives
９ Quotas of SDF Personnel
１０ Actual Number of SDF Personnel
１１ Increase in the Number of Defense Officials, etc.
１２ Tax System Reform
1
Changes in the Strategic Environment

○ Unilateral changes to the status quo by force and such attempts represent significant challenges to the free
and open international order
○ Russia’s aggression against Ukraine has revealed this in a most blatant way. The international community is
facing the greatest post-war trial yet, and has entered a new era of crisis
○ Rapid advances in science and technology are fundamentally changing the paradigm of security
Regional Military Trends

① China’s current external stance, military activities, and other activities have become a matter of serious concern
for Japan and the international community, and present an unprecedented and the greatest strategic challenge
in ensuring the peace and security of Japan and the peace and stability of the international community, as well
as in strengthening the international order based on the rule of law, to which Japan should respond with its
comprehensive national power including defense capability and in cooperation and collaboration with its ally,
like-minded countries and others.
Nine ballistic missiles were launched on August 4, 2022 Chinese military’s activities in the areas
(Five of them landed within Japan's EEZ) surrounding Japan have rapidly expanded and intensified
② North Korea has intensified missile launches, and its military activities pose an even more grave and imminent
threat to Japan’s national security than ever before.
Ballistic missile referred to by North Korea

New ICBM-class ballistic missile “Hwasong-17” as "hypersonic missile"
③ Russia’s aggression against Ukraine has shaken the very foundation of the international order. Russia’s military
activities in the Indo-Pacific region including Japan, together with its strategic coordination with China, are of
strong concern from a defense perspective.
Armored vehicles of the Russian Forces in Ukraine Ukraine responding to Russian disinformation
➢ Japan would also need to operate in a swift as well as persistent manner to crush the opponent’s will to invade.
2
○ In the “Defense Buildup Program,” in accordance with the “National Defense Strategy,”
Japan will fundamentally reinforce its “Multi-Domain Defense Force,” through the synergy
of organically integrated capabilities including space, cyber, and electromagnetic domains,
and is capable of sustained conduct of flexible and strategic activities during all phases from
peacetime to armed contingencies, focusing on the capabilities of our opponents and new
ways of warfare. By FY2027 or by five years from now, Japan will reinforce its defense
capabilities to the point at which Japan is able to take the primary responsibility for dealing
with invasions against its nation, and disrupt and defeat such threats while gaining support
of its ally and others.
○ For the first year of building a fundamentally reinforced defense capabilities, the necessary
expenses have been accumulated.
Key Fields for Fundamental

Reinforcement of Defense Capabilities
➢ Japan needs capabilities with which to disrupt and defeat invading forces over long
distances, thereby deterring invasion itself.
①Stand-off defense ②Integrated air and

capabilities missile defense capabilities
➢ Should deterrence fail and an invasion of Japan occur, Japan would need to ensure
asymmetric advantage by leveraging, in addition to these capabilities, manned as well as
unmanned assets and gain superiority across domains such as underwater, surface, and air.
③Unmanned defense ④Cross-domain operation

capabilities capabilities
⑤Command and control/

Intelligence-related
functions
➢ Japan would also need to operate in a swift as well as persistent manner to crush
to the opponent’s will to invade.
⑥Mobile deployment
⑦Sustainability and
capabilities / Civil
Resiliency
protection
3
Defense-Related Expenditures for FY2023
("First Year” Budget for Fundamental
Reinforcement of Defense Capabilities)
○ The FY2023 budget plan has the contents and amount appropriate for the first
year of the new “Defense Buildup Program,” based on the accumulation of
measures to reinforce the defense capabilities within five years. ("First Year”
Budget for Fundamental Reinforcement of Defense Capabilities).
‣ The expenditure budget amounts to ¥6,600.1 billion, which increased by

27.4 ％ compared to FY2022 (¥6,821.9 billion if expenses such as US Forces
realignment expenses are included).
A “substantial increase of defense budget” was achieved.
‣ Future obligations concerning new contracts for the new defense build-up
program amounts to ¥7,067.6 billion. Considering procurement takes several
years, contracts need to be made as much as possible in the first year to deliver
equipment to SDF units swiftly.
○ The budget for core areas of future defense capabilities, such as stand-off defense
capabilities and “unmanned defense capabilities”, was substantially increased.
The budget for integrated air-defense missile capabilities, cross-domain
operation capabilities including ones in cyber and space domains, command
and control and intelligence-related functions, mobile deployment capabilities,
sustainability and resiliency, production and technology basis, etc. was
secured at the required amount.
○ Notably, investment in improving operational availability, securing ammunition,

and reinforcing key defense facilities (undergrounding of important headquarters,
barracks, etc.) will be accelerated to maximize the use of existing equipment.
○ The budget for the living and working environment of SDF personnel (fixtures,
daily utensils, clothes, barracks, etc.) is secured at the required amount. In particular,
the budget to improve air-conditioning, which has a direct impact on the health of
SDF personnel and is highly demanded by SDF units, is maximized.
4
76,049
5
6
7
8
9
10
Note１: Blue text indicates new programs.
Note 2: Numbers are on a contract base.
Ⅱ Main Programs
１ Stand-off Defense Capabilities

Approximately ￥1,420.7 billion
（Approximately ￥1,413 billion excluding other areas）
➢ Enhancing capabilities to intercept attacks from as far away from the opponent’s
threat envelopes as possible from a viewpoint of ensuring safety of SDF personnel
and strengthening deterrence are critical.
➢ Accelerating acquisition and improving operating capability of stand-off missiles
are necessary.
Future Operation of the Stand-off Defense Capabilities

（Conceptual Image）
Satellite Constellation
F-15
Collection of Target Information
JASSM Hypersonic Weapons
Tomahawk
Ground Units
Range of the opponent's anti-air missiles Hyper Velocity
Gliding Projectile
(HVGP)
Detecting Targets F-35
F-２
Submarines
Tracking Targets
Target Observation Rounds
Unmanned Aerial
Vehicles(UAV) JSM Vessel
Hypersonic Weapons
Response from outside the threat
Type-12 area with stand-off missiles
Range of the opponent’s Vessels surface-to-ship missile
Ground Launch Vehicle
anti-air missiles (modified)
11
Ⅱ Main Programs
Reinforcement of Stand-off Defense Capabilities
○ Development and production of upgraded Type-12 surface-to-ship missile (surface-,
ship-, and air-to-ship missiles)
Continue development of upgraded Type-12 surface-to-ship missile (surface-, ship-,
and air-to-ship missile)（￥33.8 billion.）
Begin production of the surface-to-ship missile for early deployment
（￥93.9 billion）. Hyper Velocity Gliding Projectile (HVGP)
(conceptual image)
○ Research and production of Hyper Velocity Gliding Projectile (HVGP)
Continue research on HVGP which glides at high speed and hits ground targets
（￥15.8 billion).
Begin production for early deployment（￥34.7 billion）.
Upgraded HVGP
○ Development of upgraded Hyper Velocity Gliding Projectile (HVGP) (¥200.3 billion) (conceptual image)
Develop upgraded version with extended range from early deployment type.
○ Research on Hypersonic Weapons（¥58.5 billion）

Steadily promote research and development of hypersonic missiles which fly at
hypersonic speeds (above 5 times the speed of sound) and are difficult to be Hypersonic Weapons
intercepted. (conceptual image)
○ Research on new anti-ship missiles（¥34.2 billion）

Develop prototype of modular, multi-mission missiles that feature longer-range,
lower radar cross-section (RCS) and higher mobility technologies.
○ Procurement of JSM（¥34.7 billion）
Procure stand-off missiles to equipped on the F-35A. New anti-ship missiles for the defense of
*JSM: Joint Strike Missile remote islands (conceptual image)
○ Procurement of JASSM（¥12.7 billion）

Procure stand-off missiles to equipped on Upgraded F-15.
*JASSM: Joint Air-to-Surface Stand-Off Missile
○ Procurement of Tomahawk（¥211.3 billion）

Procure US-made ship-to-surface missiles that can be launched from Vertical
JASSM（conceptual image）
Launching System (VLS) .
Procurement/Upgrade of Launch Platform
〇 Procurement and upgrade of Various Launch Platforms
In order to be able to launch and equip various stand-off missiles from a variety of
platforms, procure ground equipment for ground-launched missiles and upgrade Tomahawk（conceptual image）
existing platforms.
Procurement of Ground Equipment for Ground-launched Missiles（¥22.5 billion）
（upgraded Type-12 surface-to-ship missile（ground-launched）and Hyper Velocity
Gliding Projectile (HVGP)）
F-35A Upgrade Program（3 aircraft）（¥4.1 billion）（JSM）
F-15 Upgrade Program（18 aircraft： ¥81.1 billion, initial cost ¥81.6 billion)（JASSM）
F-2 Upgrade Program（9 aircraft)（¥12.8 billion）（upgraded Type-12 surface-to-ship
missile（air-launch type））
Procurement of Relevant Equipment to be equipped on Aegis Ship, etc.
（¥110.4 billion)（Tomahawk）
JSM (conceptual image)
Strengthening Information Collection and Analysis
〇 In order to ensure the effectiveness of stand-off defense capabilities, conduct
demonstrative research on reconnaissance UAVs (combat drone) capable of collecting
information on invading forces, etc., in the vicinity of targets, and develop target
observation rounds which observe targets with rapid advancements. Along with these
initiatives, intelligence collection and analysis utilizing space domain will be reinforced.
（¥61.9 billion ）
Conduct demonstrative research for full-scale operation of combat drone
Develop target observation rounds.
Promotion of acquisition of data for imagery analysis
Reinforcement of the defense industry to expand domestic
manufacturing capacity
○ Reinforce domestic manufacturing capacity for stand-off missiles Combat UAV
（¥129.6 billion）. (conceptual image)
Initial cost of production, etc. of modified type-12 surface-to-ship missile
Initial cost of production, etc. of Hyper Velocity Gliding Projectile (HVGP) 12
12
Ⅱ Main Programs
２ Integrated Air and Missile Defense Capabilities

Approximately ￥986.7 billion
（Approximately ￥982.9 billion excluding other areas）
➢ It is critical to effectively respond to increasingly diverse and complex airborne
threats such as various missiles and aircraft.
➢ Improving detect and track capabilities, achieving effective response through
networking, and enhancing intercept capabilities are necessary.
➢ Japan will first intercept missiles flying to Japan over the high seas and Japan’s
territorial airspace with its missile defense system. Subsequently, as a measure
for self-defense to the minimum required level to prevent missile attacks
including ballistic missiles, Japan will utilize capabilities including stand-off
defense capabilities to conduct effective counterstrike in the opponent’s territory
(counterstrike capabilities).
Conceptual Image of Integrated Air and Missile Defense Capabilities

（HGV, Ballistic Missile Interception Phase）
Gather ① Detect with the U.S.’s Early ② Detect with Aegis Ship ②Detect/Track with Warning and
indication of
Warning Satellite Control Radar
missile launch
with Satellite
③Information gathering to JADGE and allocation of interception weapons by the BMD integrated Commander Task Force
Constellation,
etc.
④Interception by ④Interception by Type-03
PAC-3 Medium-Range SAM
(modified)
④Interception by Aegis Ship
・SM-3 for Ballistic Missiles
・SM-6 for HGV
13
Ⅱ Main Programs
Strengthening interception Assets
○ Aegis System Equipped Vessel (ASEV)（¥220.8 billion）
Start procurement of components for introducing ASEV that possess significantly improved
BMD capability capable of responding to lofted and simultaneous ballistic missiles, as well as
expandability for responding to HGVs and other such threats.
○ Develop upgraded Type 03 medium-range surface-to-air guided missile (modified) .

(¥75.8 billion)
Upgrade to enable responses towards HGVs and ballistic missiles.
○ Enhance capabilities to respond to ballistic missiles, cruise missiles, HGVs
SM-3 Block ⅡA（¥59.5 billion), SM-6（¥13.6 billion), PAC-3 MSE
（¥42.1 billion), Type-03 Medium-Range SAM（modified）（¥24.8 billion）,
base air defense surface-to-air missile (SAM)（¥12.9 billion),
re-guarantee PAC- 2GEM（¥30.4 billion), etc.
○ Research on HGV Response（¥58.5 billion）

In order to deal with the threat of HGVs flying at hypersonic speeds in high-altitude regions
with high mobility, the SDF will establish the necessary elemental technologies at an early
stage in order to respond to HGV.
SM-3 Block ⅡA SM-6 PAC-3MSE Type-03 Medium-Range SAM

(modified)
Strengthening of Sensor Networks

○ Reinforce warning/control capabilities
FPS-5(¥0.3 billion), FPS-7(¥4.3 billion), upgrade JADGE (¥９billion)
○ Procurement of Early Warning Aircraft（E-2D)（５aircraft：(¥1９4.1 billion）

In order to reinforce early warning capabilities in the airspace around Japan, including
the vast airspace over the Pacific, procure Early Warning Aircraft.
○ Procurement of Mobile Warning and Control radars（TPS-102A)（ ¥2.8 billion ）
Strengthening the continuous warning and surveillance posture in the southwestern
region.
FPS-５ FPS-7 Early Warning Aircraft（E-2D) Mobile Warning and

Control radars
Others （TPS-102A)
○ Procurement of parts necessary for maintenance in order to stably and continuously operate
the Patriot system, etc.（¥71.7 billion）
14
ＣＯＬＵＭＮ Acquiring New BMD Capability ＣＯＬＵＭＮ
◆ Response towards North Korea’s missile

capability advances
⚫ North Korea is enhancing and improving its ballistic missile attack capability on a daily
basis. Missiles launched from North Korea have entered Japan’s EEZ on a number of
occasions, causing a grave threat to the surrounding region.
⚫ To respond to these threats that may harm the lives and properties of the Japanese
people, MOD/SDF so far have fielded 28 PAC-3 units and 8 Aegis ships (DDGs).
⚫ However, in order to respond to ballistic missiles that are launched as high as several
thousand kilometers on a lofted trajectory, or simultaneous and multiple raids, the
introduction of 2 Aegis System Equipped Vessels (ASEV) that possess significantly
improved BMD capability than existing DDGs is necessary .
【Conceptual image】 BMD with lofted
⚫ Additionally, MOD/SDF must also acquire capability (high) trajectory
to respond to Hypersonic Glide Vehicles (HGVs),
and building a new BMD response capability has
become an urgent task.
◆ Reinforcing response capabilities in the Significantly improved BMD
capability than existing DDGs
southwestern region
【Example of operation】
⚫ Japan’s 8 existing DDGs are originally meant to be
operated as air defense destroyers for maritime BMD
operations. However, they are currently forced to
focus solely on BMD missions, which is a situation
that needs to be resolved urgently. Disrupt
invasion
⚫ Possessing 2 ASEVs that will primarily conduct
BMD missions will free up the 8 DDGs, thereby
enhancing BMD and other response capabilities in
the southwestern region.
◆ Procurement of ASEV
⚫ ASEV will also be equipped with SM-6 capable of responding to anti-ship ballistic
missiles (ASBM) and HGVs at the terminal phase, as well as high protection capabilities
by equipping long range missiles such as the Upgraded Type-12 SSMs, while also
possessing the same level of various warfare and mobile capabilities as existing DDGs.
⚫ Considering to possess expandability to equip future
[Conceptual image]
HGV interceptors, currently under development by the
U.S. Missile Defense Agency, while also featuring
improved seakeeping ability, habitability, etc.
JFY 2023 JFY 2024 JFY 2025 JFY 2026 JFY 2027 JFY 2028
＃１＃２
Production of Aegis Weapon System
Target Target
commission commission
date date
Long-lead items
*Equipment layout is not depicted as it will be
15
Ship-design Ship-building scrutinized during the designing work process.
Ⅱ Main Programs
３ Unmanned Defense Capabilities

Approximately ￥182.7 billion
➢ Unmanned assets are innovative game changers that can gain asymmetrical
superiority in the air, on the water, and underwater while minimizing human loss.
It is important to overcome various restrictions such as long-term continuous
operations and establish seamless ISR posture.
➢ It is necessary to promptly procure and start operating unmanned assets in the
fields of aircraft, naval vessels, and ground vehicles.
Unmanned assets on ground, sea, air, and water（conceptual image）
16
Ⅱ Main Programs
Strengthening Intelligence, Surveillance, Reconnaissance and

Targeting (ISRT) Functions
○ Upgraded Reconnaissance UAV（mid-field）
（6set：￥8.8 billion）
By equipping a synthetic aperture radar on the existing UAV
(mid-field), procure a UAV (mid-field) with enhanced functions
that enables clear shooting of targets even at night or when
visibility is poor due to bad weather.
*UAV : Unmanned Aerial Vehicle
Reconnaissance UAV
○ Operational Verification of Upgraded Reconnaissance UAVs （mid-field）
（mid-field）(￥3.7 billion)
Procure and conduct operational verification on reconnaissance
UAVs, which are compatible with satellite communications and
enables early detection of information of invading forces over
long distances and contributes to commander’s decision making
and using fire power.
○ Procurement of UAVs (short-range)（5set: ￥600 million）

It is possible to contribute to the commander’s assessment of
the situation and the demonstration of firepower through
information gathering in the air.
UAV (short-range)
○ Operational Verification of Ground
Reconnaissance/Warning/Surveillance UGV/UAVs
（￥8.1 billion）
Procure and conduct operational verification on reconnaissance
UGV/UAVs that can form a continuous and multi-layered
surveillance network for warning/surveillance and responding
to suspicious persons at bases, critical facilities, etc.
*UGV：Unmanned Ground Vehicle
○ Research on miniature UGV（￥6 billion）

In addition to collecting information materials on the ground
and sharing information, procure UGVs that can provide various
types of support following small units, and conduct operational
verification.
○ Procurement of maritime observation UUVs（￥1.8 billion）
Introduce a maritime observation UUV that contributes to
strengthening the maritime capabilities of MSDF, and implement
performance tests, etc. for deployment.
○ Maintenance and Procurement of Long-endurance UAV

Regarding unmanned aerial vehicles (Global Hawk), in addition Long-endurance UAV
（Global Hawk）
to procuring necessary spare parts, the SDF will receive
logistical support from a U.S. company for operation training
17 and maintenance.
Ⅱ Main Programs
Maintenance of Unmanned Assets with Various Attack Functions
○ Operational Verification on Utility/Attack UAVs（￥6.9 billion）

Procure and conduct operational verification on multipurpose
UAVs that effectively possess various functions of information
collection, fire power, and electronic warfare, as well as attack
UAVs that can immediately use fire power by collecting Utility/Attack UAV
（conceptual image）
information on invasion forces, etc.
○ Operational Verification on Miniature Attack UAVs（￥3 billion）

In response to landing forces invading Japan and protection of
critical facilities and others in the islands, procure and conduct
Miniature Attack UAV
operational verification of miniature attack UAVs capable of (conceptual image)
detecting and identifying invading forces and responding to
personnel, vehicles, naval vessels, etc.
○ Development of Unmanned Mine Clearing Systems

In order to attach anti-mine warfare functions to the "Mogami"
type Frigates Multipurpose/Mine (FFM), the MOD/SDF acquire USV for Unmanned Mine
Clearing Systems
USV, one of the unmanned mine clearing systems that can deal （conceptual image）
with mines without entering dangerous sea areas where mines.
are laid *USV: Unmanned Surface Vehicle
○ Development of Mine Search UUV（OZZ-5）（￥9.3 billion）

Develop an underwater mine search drone that is part of an
Development of Mine-
unmanned mine clearing system for "Mogami" type Frigates
Searching UUV（OZZ-5）
Multipurpose/Mine (FFM) to conduct anti-mine warfare.
Research and Development on Unmanned Assets
○ Research on UUV control technology（￥26.2 billion）

Conduct research on technologies to control UUV by the commanding UUV
to enhance operational capabilities in the underwater domain.
○ Research on Unmanned Combat UGV（￥6.8 billion）

Conducted research on operation support technology to control multiple
unmanned combat vehicles from a manned vehicle, autonomous driving
technology, etc.
○ Research on UUV technology for long term operation

（￥900 million）
In anticipation of future complex and various missions,
conduct research on long-term operational UUVs that
enables to add functions and performance of UUVs to
timely meet operational needs by just adding modules. Research on long-term
operational type UUV technology
18
Ⅱ Main Programs
４ Cross-domain Operation Capabilities
➢ In addition to the ground, maritime, and air domains, it is necessary to fundamentally reinforce
capabilities through combinations of space domain (enhancing information gathering functions
through the use of satellites, etc.), cyber domain (enhancing security measures, and education of
cyber personnel), and electromagnetic spectrum domain (strengthening electronic warfare
capabilities and electromagnetic management capabilities) etc., in order to ensure asymmetrical
superiority.
【Reinforcing Capabilities in the Space Domain】
Approximately ￥184.4 billion（Approximately ￥152.9 billion excluding other areas）
➢ The space domain is now the foundation of our citizen's daily lives and security, and it is extremely
important for Japan to ensure superiority in space use.
➢ For this reason, it is necessary to strengthen space operational capabilities including information
gathering and other capabilities which utilize the space domain.
Reinforcement of Information Collection Capabilities Utilizing Space Domain

○ Technological demonstration necessary to improve response capabilities such as satellite-based HGV detection and
tracking（￥4.6 billion）
Conduct space demonstrations on the infrared sensors required to detect and track HGVs from space.
○ Demonstration of Common Key Technologies Necessary for Utilization of the Space Domain （￥8 billion）
Implement advanced demonstrations to establish high-speed processing and transmission technology required to
respond to HGV and to acquire SAR/optical images in real time.
○ Procurement of Data for Image Analysis （￥22.6 billion ）

Collect information in the region surrounding Japan by using various commercial satellites including high resolution
optical satellites and small satellite constellations.
○ Enhancement of X-band satellite communications Network, etc.（￥34.3 billion）

In order to enhance equipment and related ground facilities capable of communicating with the defense
communications satellite "Kirameki," procure receiving devices equipment and widen the band of ground station
communications.
Enhancement of Space Domain Awareness (SDA)

ＳＤＡ衛
SDA Satellite
○ Enhancement of Space Domain Awareness (SDA) 星
Produce SDA satellite and further consider operating multiple satellites. Ground Equipment
○ Development of space operations command and control system, etc.

In order to reinforce the operational base for space operations, develop space
operation command and control system, etc. SDA satellite (conceptual image)
Strengthening Resiliency of Space Utilization
○ Use of Low Earth Orbit Communication Satellite Constellation Service
The SDF (Ground, Maritime and Air) will demonstrate the utility of
communication services provided by commercial satellites.
○ Demonstration for PATS（￥1.9 billion）

In order to prepare to join the Protected Anti-jam Tactical SATCOM (PATS), a Satellite Constellation
framework for sharing satellite communications bands among member states, (conceptual image)
including the United States, procure communications equipment.
○ Demonstration of technology with high resiliency for satellite communications

Demonstrate technology with high resiliency against interference from
enemies, assuming that the technology will be equipped on the next-
generation defense communications satellite.
Reinforcement of Organization System
○ Reorganization of the Space Operations Group

By increasing the number of personnel, strengthen the system of stably operating equipment for Space
Domain Awareness (SDA) as well as command and control functions.
19
Ⅱ Main Programs
【Reinforcing Capabilities in the Cyber Domain】
Approximately ￥264.3 billion （Approximately ￥236.3 billion excluding other areas）
➢ In order to respond to the latest cyber threats, the MOD/SDF will make the following
efforts : ①ensuring cybersecurity by continuously implementing risk management of
MOD/SDF information systems; ②strengthening protection of MOD/SDF information
systems including defense equipment and facility infrastructure at the SDF bases ; and
③strengthening cyber defense posture, cyber workforce development, and
technological development for implementing the above initiatives.
Introduction of Risk Management Framework（RMF）

By shifting its concept from transient "risk elimination" to
continuous "risk management”, the MOD will introduce the "Risk
Management Framework (RMF)" in which risks are analyzed,
assessed, and appropriately managed on a continuous basis
even after the commencement of information system operations.
Protection of Information Systems
Strengthen the protective posture for the information systems,
including equipment and facility infrastructure.
Risk Management Framework
○ Development of cloud (conceptual image)
Develop a cloud system to integrate and standardize SDF systems that
serve as the foundation of mission execution, and implement centralized
cybersecurity measures.
Development of Central Cloud （￥43.4 billion）
Development of ASDF cloud（￥75.6 billion）etc.
〇 Development of threat hunting equipment (￥2.8 billion）

Development of threat hunting equipment for continuous search and
detection of potential internal threats
○ Development of Cyber Protection Analyzers（￥2.8 billion）

Strengthen the capabilities such as monitoring and assessment of
cyber incident response devices which collect and analyze the
techniques used in the cyber attacks against MOD.
○ Development of Systems and Network Management Systems

（SNMS）(￥8 billion）
Develop a system to centrally protect, monitor, and control
all Ground Self Defense Force systems. Systems and Network Management Systems
(conceptual image)
○ Cybersecurity Measures for Facility Infrastructure（￥4.4 billion）
Conduct physical countermeasures and introduce systems in facility
infrastructures to detect, report and block unauthorized connections to
mobile storage media and programs.
Enhancement of Education and Research Functions in the Cyber Domain

In order to strengthen cybersecurity posture, strengthen
functions which develop cyber workforce and promote research and
development pertaining to cybersecurity.
○ Cyber Education utilizing External Resources

Provide digital literacy education to all personnel, and offer higher
education opportunities in and out of Japan to skilled personnel.
○ Expansion of Cyber Education （￥200 million）
In order to strengthen the cybersecurity posture, reorganize the GSDF Cyber Education
Signal School into “the GSDF System and Signal/Cyber School （conceptual image）
(tentative name)”.
20
Ⅱ Main Programs
○ Strengthening Cooperation with International Partners in the Cyber domain（￥300 million）
As cyber attacks are common challenge to the international community, strengthen
cooperation with international partners in the cyber domain through dialogues and trainings.
○ Organizing a Cyber Competitions（￥50 million）

In order to reinforce its cyber capabilities, GSDF organizes a cyber competition which the
cyber units of each SDF and international partners participate in.
○ Recruitment of Chief Cybersecurity Advisor（￥50 million）

Recruit highly skilled cyber personnel as part-time national government official to strengthen
cyber capabilities.
○ Research on Cyber Protection Technology for Equipment Systems（￥400 million）.
〇 Establishment of “Cyber Studies Department (tentative name)“at the National Institute for
Defense Studies
Fundamental Reinforcement of the Cyber Defense Posture

Review the cyber defense functions which MOD/SDF should prepare and expand necessary
cyber workforce.
○ Enhancement of Posture of the Cyber units

Enhance cyber defense capabilities by reinforcing the cyber defense posture of the SDF Cyber
Defense Command, and other cyber related units of the SDF(Ground, Maritime, and Air).
○ Strengthening Functions of Cyber Policy Planning

Establish the “Cyber Policy Planning Division (tentative name)” and “Minister’s Secretariat
Councilor” who will be in charge of information assurance and cyber incident response.
○ Promotion of “Skilling Cyber Personnel”

Further promote cyber workforce development by providing education to personnel engaging
in cyber-related tasks such as system procurement, maintenance and operations.
【Direction for Fundamental Reinforcement of the Cyber Defense Posture】

（conceptual image until FY2027)
Approx.20,000
➢ Steadily expand the structure of cyber units.
➢ Provide cyber literacy education, etc. to personnel involved in cyber-related
operations* and promote “skilling cyber personnel”.
*tasks such as system procurement, maintenance, and operations necessary for
securing cybersecurity throughout the life cycle of systems
Expansion
Approx.4,000
Total number of cyber workforce including
personnel engaging in cyber-relate works Approx.890
Number of core personnel who

belong to the cyber units
End of FY2022 End of FY2027
*Number of Core Personnel in the end of FY2023：Approx. 2230
Cybersecurity Measures for Defense Industry【Written in p.35&p.36】

〇 Project of Developing Systems to Strengthen the Production Base for Defense Equipment, etc.
(Including Strengthening Cybersecurity) for the Application of “Standards on Cybersecurity
Measures for Defense Industry”
〇 Efforts in the Application of “Standards on Cybersecurity Measures for Defense Industry”
○ Development of Defense Security Gateways
21
Ⅱ Main Programs
【Reinforcing Capabilities in the Domain of Electromagnetic Spectrum】
➢ With the use of electromagnetic spectrum expanding in range and purpose due to the
development of technology and with other countries proceeding the enhancement of electronic
warfare capabilities, securing superiority in the domain of electromagnetic spectrum is an urgent
issue.
➢ In the light of this, it is necessary to strengthen capabilities in the domain of electromagnetic
spectrum to maximize the capabilities of the SDF.
Reinforcement of SDF’s Communication and Radar Jamming

Capabilities
○ Organization of electronic warfare unit
Strengthen the GSDF electronic warfare unit to collect and analyze signal
information on a regular basis and neutralize use of signals of adversaries in
emergencies situation.
○ Upgrade of Network Electronic Warfare System (NEWS)（￥1.4 billion）

Procure upgraded components in order to strengthen NEWS jamming capabilities.
Network Electronic Warfare System
○ Development of A Stand-off Electronic Warfare Aircraft
Develop a stand-off electronic warfare aircraft that supports the execution of SDF
air operations by effectively jamming signals.
Reinforcement of Electronic Warfare Capabilities

○ Procurement of F-35A（8 aircraft：￥106.9 billion）
Procure the F-35A with excellent electronic warfare capabilities Stand-off Electronic Warfare Aircraft
*Final Assembly and Check Out (FACO) is conducted by domestic companies. （conceptual image）
○ Procurement of F-35B（8 aircraft：￥143.5 billion）
Procure the F-35B, with excellent electronic warfare capabilities
and which can perform short take off and vertical landing.
○ F-15 Upgrade Program

（18 aircraft：￥81.1 billion, initial cost：￥81.6 billion）
Upgrade the electronic warfare capabilities and modify capabilities such as an
increase in the number of loaded ammunitions.
Reinforcement of Electronic Warfare Support Capabilities

F-35A
○ Procurement of equipment installed in Signals Intelligence Aircraft (RC-2), etc.
（￥13 billion）
Procure equipment for upgraded signal intelligence aircraft, such as expansion of
the signal reception bandwidth and enhance long-distance target collection
capabilities.
Response to Small UAVs

〇 Procurement of HPM (high-power microwave) radiation device, etc. (￥2.6
billion）
Conduct research on technologies which disable drones, etc. by radiating HPM, Signals Intelligence Aircraft
and procure HPM radiation device.
（RC-2）
〇 Procurement of vehicle-mounted high-energy laser devices to respond to small drone

drones (UAV), etc. （￥11 billion）
Conduct research on technologies to intercept airborne threats, including drones,
using high-power lasers, and procure a vehicle-mounted high-energy laser
devices.
Enhancement of Deception Functions using Electromagnetic

Waves HPM radiation device
(conceptual image)
〇 Procurement of reflector decoy ammunition（￥800 million）
As test equipment, procure a reflector-type decoy ammunition for vessels that is
expected to be effective in deceiving the latest missile seeker, etc.
Enhancement of Electromagnetic Management Functions

○ Development of Electromagnetic Management Functions（￥1.7 billion）
Improve functions of each SDF system for grasping and managing the status vehicle-mounted
of electromagnetic spectrum use. high-energy laser devices
（conceptual image） 22
Ⅱ Main Programs
【Capabilities in the Ground, Maritime, and Air Domains】

Approximately ￥1,176,3 billion（Approximately ￥1,176,3 billion excluding other areas）
○ Procurement of Future Wheeled Armored Vehicles

(personnel carrier type) （26 set：￥13.6billion）
Procure the Future Wheeled Armored Vehicles (personnel
carrier type) as the successor to the existing Type-96
Armored Personnel Carrier.
Future Wheeled Armored Vehicles

(personnel carrier type)
(conceptual image)
○ Procurement of Type-16 Mobile Combat Vehicles

(24 cars:￥21.3 billion)
Procure Type-16 Mobile Combat Vehicles which have
outstanding air transportability and on-road mobility.
Type-16 Mobile Combat Vehicles
○ Type-20 5.56 mm rifle (8577 guns : ￥3.3 billion)

Procurement of a Type-20 5.56 mm rifle that will be equipped to
each SDF personnel as a successor of the Type-89 5.56 mm rifle
and will be used for close combat operations by individual SDF
personnel.
Type-20 5.56 mm rifle
○ Dozer (with armor) (5 cars : ￥2.7 billion)

Procure Dozer (with armor) that contribute to combat of
close combat unit by providing facility support such as
developing maneuver routes even in situations where there
is a high threat of enemy gunfire, etc.
Dozer (with armor)

○ Decontamination Set (Decontamination Vehicle)
(10 cars : ￥1.3 billion)
Procure equipment used for the decontamination of areas,
facilities and units contaminated mainly by special
weapons, which is to be equipped for chemical weapons
units, etc.
Decontamination Set
(Decontamination Vehicle)
○ Combat Clothing Set（￥14.8 billion）
Procure combat equipment worn by individuals to improve
their ability to operate in the field under various
circumstances, as well as to hide SDF personnel from
enemies’ monitoring and observation, and to protect them
from fire and shells of enemy attacks.
23 Combat Clothing Set

Ⅱ Main Programs
○ Procurement of the fixed-wing patrol aircraft (P-1)

（3 aircraft：￥91.4 billion）
Procure P-1s which enhanced its capability in along with the
retirement of the existing P-3C fixed-wing aircraft.
* Capability enhancement relative to the existing P-1 includes;
Detection and Identification, Flight performance, Information
P-1
processing, etc.
○ Procurement of patrol helicopter (SH 60L (tentative name))

(6 aircraft: ￥60.3 billion)
Procure patrol helicopter (SH-60L (tentative name)) with
improved on board systems and flight performance in order to SH-60L (tentative name)
ensure superiority in anti-submarine warfare over foreign
submarines with improved stealth capability.
○ Construction of Frigates Multipurpose/Mine (FFM)

(2 ships: ￥116.7 billion)
Construct frigates multipurpose/ mine (FFM) (11th and 12th
ships of Mogami-class destroyers (3,900 t class)) which are Mogami-class
equipped with compact hulls and improved multirole capability, frigate multipurpose/mine
including mine countermeasures.
○ Construction of Patrol Vessels (4 vessels: ￥35.7 billion)

Construct patrol vessels (1,900 t class) effectively conduct Patrol Vessels
(conceptual image)
required surveillance in the seas surrounding Japan.
○ Construction of submarine (1 ship: ￥80.8 billion)

Construct a submarine (the seventh new class Taigei-class
submarine (3,000 t class)) with enhanced capability (detection, Taigei-class submarine
etc.) in order to effectively implement information gathering, （conceptual image）
warning, and surveillance.
○ Construction and Procurement of Support Vessels

Procure 2 tugboats, 2 oil vessels, 1 transport vessel, and 1
special deployment ship for engaging in port access work
support and fuel loading work at ports, etc.
Support Vessels
24
Ⅱ Main Programs
○ Improve capabilities of UP-3D (¥12.5 billion)
Update onboard equipment and retrofit airframe to improve
capability of supporting EW drills by vessels.
○ Refurbishment of Izumo-class destroyers (¥5.2 billion)

Procure landing guidance devices.
UP-3D
○ Service life extension device (Service life extension work for 3
destroyers, component procurement for 5 destroyers: ¥9.1
billion)
(Service life extension work for 6 submarines, component
procurement for 5 submarines: ¥2 billion)
Secure operable ships by implementing service life extension for
destroyers, submarines, transport vessels, and training vessels.
F-35B landing on an
Izumo-class destroyer
○ Service life extension measures (¥2.1 billion)
Secure operable aircraft by implementing service life extension
measures (repair of main wing spar) to P-3 and EP-3.
Main Wing
Engine, Propeller, Front Spar
Main landing gear
flap
Front Spar Web
Front Spar Cap
aileron
Main Wing nacelle
○ Procurement of vertical launch system (VLS) MK41 (¥78.7 billion)

Procure VLS for FFM (10 ships) as well as modernization
equipment for Murasame- and Takanami-class destroyers
(14 ships) in order to secure submarine response capabilities.
VLS MK41
○ Procurement of variable depth sonar system (¥18.5 billion) floating part RF transmission
Procure variable depth sonars (3 sets) as well as towed passive
sonars (4 sets) for FFM in order to secure submarine response
capabilities.
Compliant
Cable
○ Procurement of Sonobuoys (¥9.6 billion) cable
Secure Sonobuoys to be used in submarine response training at Damba
units and training units in order to secure sufficient Sonobuoy

and mission capability to search, discriminate, and persistently CO receiver
track underwater targets of the monitored country. switch by control

DIFAR receiver
25 Sonobuoy
Ⅱ Main Programs
○ Procurement of F-35A（8 aircraft :￥106.9 billion）【repost】

Secure air superiority by procuring the F-35A with excellent
electronic warfare capabilities.
* Since it has been confirmed that it will be cheaper to
conduct the final assembly and inspection by domestic
company compared to importing completed aircraft for the
next five years, domestic companies will conduct the final F-35A
assembly and inspection for the procurement of F-35A aircraft
from FY2023 to FY2027.
○ Procurement of F-35B（8 aircraft：￥143.5 billion）【repost】

Improve flexibility of fighters operation by procuring the F-35B,
which has excellent electronic warfare capability and can
perform short field take-off and vertical landing.
F-35B
○ F-15 Upgrade Program

(18 aircraft : ￥81.1 billion, initial cost:￥81.6 billion) 【repost】
Upgrade the electronic warfare capabilities and modify
capabilities such as an increase in the number of loaded
ammunitions.
F-15
○ F-2 Upgrade Program（9 aircraft：￥12.8 billion）【repost】

Upgrades and modifications such as anti-ship attack
capabilities, network functions, etc.
F-2
○ Procurement of Rescue Aircraft（UH-60J）

（12 aircraft：￥94.9billion）
In response to the retiring of the UH-60J, maintain and
strengthen the rescue posture, and develop the posture that can
respond to various situations in a practical manner.
UH-60J
26
Conceptual Image of Cross-Domain Operations
Optical Communications among Satellites

and Onboard Processing Demonstrations
F-15 Upgrade F-2 Upgrade
Command-and-Control System
F-35A
F-35B Izumo-class Destroyer C-2
Patrol ship
Transport
SM-6
Vessel (small)
Upgraded 12SSM
Future wheeled
Armored Vehicle
P-1 PAC-3MSE
SH-60L (tentative name) Future Command-and-Control System
Type-03 Middle-Range
SAM (modified) upgrade
FFM
High-energy
Laser Weapons
UAV (medium-field)
with enhanced
functions
Small UAVs for attacks
27
Ⅱ Main Programs
５ Command and Control/Intelligence-related Functions
Approximately ￥458.8 billion （Approximately ￥305.3 billion excluding other areas）
➢ It is necessary to establish a seamless information gathering system by continuously
gathering information on military trends in the areas surrounding Japan, and also by
fundamentally reinforcing intelligence capabilities to deal with integrated information
warfare including the cognitive dimension etc., which was seen in Russia’s aggression
against Ukraine.
➢ In order to conduct swift and certain command-and-control, the ability to share
information in real time through resilient networks is required.
➢ The MOD/SDF is promoting the introduction and expanded application of AI in these
fields.
Development of Command and Control Function
○ Development of Command and Control-related System（￥116.9 billion）
The following systems, etc., have been developed to strengthen SDF command and control system.
・Field communication system
・Fire-powered combat command and control system
・Future command and control system
・MSDF command and control/common infrastructure system, etc.
○ Development of Vessel-Equipped Information and Communications Infrastructure to Strengthen Offshore

command and control Capabilities（￥800 million）
By developing the Information and Communications Infrastructure (JSII) to integrate vessel-equipped
information systems, optimize the vessel systems and strengthen command and control capabilities at
offshore.
○ Research on Acceleration of Decision-Making using AI（￥4.3 billion）

Conduct research on technology to support commanders’ decision-making into equipment by analyzing the
course of action using AI to cope with the complex and fast changing combat situations.
○ Research on Robust Cooperative Control Network Technology（￥6.7 billion）

Conduct research on communication networks that have excellent anti-interference characteristics and
enable effective use of frequencies by wireless devices selecting its own frequencies and communication
methods, etc.
Enhancing Information Gathering and Analysis System
○ Enhancing information gathering and analysis system

Expand the Defense Intelligence Headquarters (DIH), etc., to strengthen the MOD’s information gathering and
analysis capabilities regarding international military situations.
○ Expansion of Defense Attachés

The MOD/SDF will increase the number of defense attachés in the United Kingdom and Ukraine by one each,
and will transfer its Kuwait attaché to Qatar.
○ Maintenance and Development of Intelligence Systems（￥24.9 billion）

Development of various information systems that can swiftly provide information that contributes to policy
decision and unit operations.
○ Maintenance and Development of Equipment for Information Gathering and Analysis（￥96.6 billion）
Development of various equipment to constantly and continuously gather , process and analyze information on
military trends, etc., in the vicinity of Japan.
○ Collection and Organization of Information Materials（￥1.7 billion）

Collection and organization of various information materials on the situation in the vicinity of Japan.
Responses to Integrated Information Warfare with Special Regard to the Cognitive Dimension
○ Strengthen the system for information collection, and analysis regarding information warfare.
○ Develop Functions to automatically collect and analyze open-source information utilizing AI（￥2.2 billion）.
○ Procurement of public information gathering and analysis services

（￥300 million）
Collection, organization, and analysis of public information contributing to air operations through outsourced
services.
28
Ⅱ Main Programs
６ Mobile Deployment Capabilities/Civil Protection
➢ Given the geographical characteristics of Japan, it is necessary to build up the

capabilities to rapidly deploy units, as well as to set up the foundation necessary
to do so.
➢ It is necessary to strengthen transport capabilities by acquiring various transport
assets such as transport vessels, transport aircraft, and transport helicopters.
Promotion on Procurement of Transport Assets
*conceptual image
Marine transportation
Civil Protection Measures Air transportation
○ Reinforcement of Ground, Maritime and Air Transport

Capabilities
Landing craft utility (LCU)
（conceptual image)
In order to strengthen the transport capability to rapidly
deploy the necessary units in response to attacks on Japan
including its remote islands, the MOD/SDF will procure
landing craft utility (LCU) (2 ships:￥10.8 billion), transport
aircraft (C-2) (2 aircraft: ￥59.7 billion), and utility
helicopters (UH-2)(13 aircraft ：￥36.3 billion）
transport helicopter (MCH-101）（2 aircraft：￥35.1 billion）
various trucks, etc.（2691 cars：￥24.4 billion ）.
Maintenance and Development of Transport Assets Transport aircraft（C-2）
○ Sustainment and maintenance of aircraft including transport aircraft C-2,etc.

Development of Transport and Supply System
○ In order to develop transport capability and supply system, the MOD/SDF

strengthen transport and supply system in the southwestern region.
○ Research on the landing support system in islands without large-scale ports
○ Development of the MSDF Logistics Infrastructure System (tentative name)
Replacement of the MSDF construction, repair, maintenance and supply system
with a software-based system used in the private sector to respond to the
acceleration of unit operation
Private Maritime Transport Capabilities Utilization Project
○ Enhancement of Joint Transportation Readiness through

PFI Ships（￥600 million）
Enhance readiness for joint transportation through PFI Ships （Hakuo）
implementation of an exercise using PFI ships to
29 transport units and equipment and verification of port entry.
Ⅱ Main Programs
７ Sustainability and Resiliency
➢ In order to facilitate the operations of SDF, it is important to secure ammunition, and
improve the number of available assets (resolving the shortage of parts), strengthen the
facilities (improving the resiliency of the facilities), and reinforce the operational
infrastructure (reinforcing the production system, securing the ammunition depots, etc.).
【Securing Ammunition】
Approximately￥828.3 billion（Approximately ￥212.4 billion excluding other areas)
➢ The SDF will swiftly procure the required quantities of various types of ammunition necessary
for continuous unit operations.
(Excluding “stand-off defense capabilities” and “integrated air and missile defense capabilities”)
○ Type-96 multipurpose missile system
Missiles necessary for firing anti-vessels, anti-tanks
5.56mm bullet
○ 5.56mm bullet（￥5.2 billion）
Munitions necessary for firing with a individual weapon
Type-96 multipurpose missile system
○ 155mm high explosive shell（￥4 billion）（conceptual image）
Munitions necessary for special forces to fire
155mm high explosive shell
○ New air-to-ship missile for patrol aircraft（￥13.9 billion）
Significantly improved range, etc., compared to the conventional Type

91 air-to-ship guided missile. New air-to-ship missile for
patrol aircraft
○ Silent-type Torpedo with Power Unit（￥8.6 billion）（conceptual image）
A new type of torpedo with quieter power compared to the
conventional Type-18 Torpedo and improved stealthy performance.
Silent-type Torpedo with Power Unit
○ Type 12 Torpedo（￥12.4 billion）（conceptual image）
Torpedo launched from a surface ship or aircraft, having high cruising

performance and guidance and control performance, and capable of
attacking a quieter submarine. Type 12 Torpedo
○ Type 15 Mine（￥2.7 billion）
Mine that can be laid by dropping rails from a minesweeper mother ship.
AIM-120
○ AIM-120（￥33.5 billion）
Mid-range air-to-air missile to be equipped on F-35A/B and F-15
upgrade.
○ AAM-4B（￥11.9 billion） AAM-4B

Mid-range air-to-air missile to be equipped on F-2 and F-15 aircraft.
○ ASM-3A（￥11.2 billion ）
Air-to-ship missile to be equipped on F-2. ASM-3A
➤ Secure the required quantities of various types 【Changes in Ammunition Purchase-related Expenditures】
of ammunition necessary for continuous unit
operations Approx. 3.3 times
（￥828.3 billion ）
Including “Stand-off defense capabilities”
“Integrated air and missile defense
capabilities”
➤Enhancement of the Ammunition Production,
etc.（￥161.8 billion）
Expansion of companies’ production lines to
secure various types of ammunition, including
stand-off missiles
30
Ⅱ Main Programs
○ Maintenance of Ammunition Storage Facility for large

munitions including stand-off missiles, etc. （￥5.8 billion）
○ Securing Fuel Necessary for Unit Operation
○ Development of Equipment, etc. for Inventory and Pre-

Assembly Materials and Equipment
○ Procurement of Runway and Other Equipment Necessary for

Improving Capabilities for Damage Recovery（￥700 million）
Ammunition Storage Facility

【Sustainment and Maintenance of Equipment】
￥2 trillion 35.5 billion（Approximately ￥1 trillion 793 billion excluding other areas)
○ Sustainment and Maintenance of Equipment （￥2trillion 35.5 billion）

In order to minimize non-operation assets due to parts shortage, etc. maximize the
number of operationally available equipment, and maintain and improve unit
capabilities to secure sufficient number of parts and securing expenses for ensuring
equipment maintenance.
Trends in Cost of Equipment Sustainment and Maintenance

25,000
Previous Medium Term Defense
Program (2014 to 2018) average 20,355
¥817.0 billion
20,000
Medium Term Defense Program
(2019 to 2022) average
¥1,032.9 billion
15,000
11,282 11,424
8,953 9,656
8,141 8,750 8,553
10,000 7,794 7,612
26% increase
5,000
0
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023
○ Promotion of Comprehensive Contracts, including PBL*(Performance Based Logistics)

(*PBL)
Rather than contracting on a case-by-case basis for necessary repairs and procurement
of components, the contracts are focused on results of service, such as reduction of
repair time and availability of inventory with a comprehensive basis for a defined period.
・ Maintenance of Transport Helicopter (CH-47J/JA)

Implemented maintenance through a PBL from FY2018. Transport helicopter
(CH-47J/JA)
・ Maintenance of Gas Turbine Engines for Ships（￥11.3 billion）

Implemented maintenance through a PBL from FY2021
and expand the coverage.
Hyuga-class destroyer
31
Ⅱ Main Programs
【 Improving resiliency of defense facilities 】

Approximately ￥504.9 billion（Approximately ￥474 billion excluding other areas)
○ Securing ammunition depots for the safe storage of
large ammunition for stand-off missiles, etc.
（￥5.8 billion）【repost】
○ Improving the resiliency of SDF facilities

（￥36.4 billion） Dispersal pad
Underground installation of main headquarters, dispersal pads for fighters,
electromagnetic pulse protection, etc.
○ Renovating existing facilities（￥86.8 billion）
Provide protective measures against aging and earthquake, reinforce facilities,
and relocate and consolidate
○ Measures against natural disasters such as tsunami

and flood（￥27.5 billion）
Promotion of countermeasures against tsunami and
flood to maintain and enhance functions in the event of
a large-scale natural disaster
○ Development of facilities associated with the
establishment of new units and the introduction of
Elevation of Substation Facilities
new equipment, etc. （￥310.3 billion）（Measures for Tsunami）
・Development of GSDF facilities accompanied with

the establishment of GSDF Saga Camp (tentative
name) in Ground Self-Defense Force（￥106.8
billion）
・Development of MSDF facilities in Sasebo
(Sakibe East Area (tentative name)) （￥4.1 billion）
・Development of ASDF facilities for F-35 (A/B) in ASDF GSDF Camp Saga (tentative name)
apron（conceptual image）
Facilities for F-35 (A/B) Sakibe East Area（tentative name）

１ New Efforts for Early Deployment of Defense Equipment

➢ In light of the current security environment, in which the military use of cutting-edge
civilian technologies is changing the warfare, it is necessary to fundamentally reinforce
defense capabilities at an epoch-making speed, by flexibly incorporating technologies that
have made remarkable advances in the private sector and off-the-shelf products, etc.
➢ For acceleration of defense equipment deployment, MOD/SDF will receive proposals (Note
1) from the companies including defense contractors or incorporate advanced civilian
technologies through start-up companies, domestic research institutes, academia and other
organizations.
➢ In order to address these policy issues, the Bureau of Defense Policy takes the lead in
creating a whole-of-MOD team consisting of more than 200 personnel from the Internal
Bureaus, each Staff's Office, and the Acquisition, Technology and Logistics Agency.
➢ Among the projects that could directly affect the SDF’s current and future operations, such
as stand-off defense capabilities, unmanned asset defense capabilities, Artificial Intelligence
(AI), and next-generation information and communications, those programs that are
particularly urgent and significant from a policy perspective will be equipped within the next
five years and fully operated within approximately the next ten years. The government and
the private sector will closely cooperate and relevant researchers, operators, and policy-
makers will work together to remove various obstacles based on a problem-solving
perspective (Note 2) .
（Note 1）This approach will be continued after next fiscal year, and MOD/SDF is open for proposals from companies that
contribute to early deployment.
（Note２）From the perspective of flexible and agile budget implementation, the Internal Bureau budgets expenses (￥250
billion) for projects in fields with rapid technological development, such as utilization of existing civilian
technologies, off-the-shelf products, and overseas equipment.
【Examples of Project for Early Deployment】
➢ Stand-off Defense Capabilities

○ Development/Production of upgraded Type-12
Surface-to-Ship Missile
（Development ：￥33.8 billion, Production ：￥93.9 Upgraded Type-12
billion）【repost】 Surface-to-Ship Missile
〇 Research/Production on Hyper Velocity Gliding

Projectile (HVGP)
（Research：￥15.8 billion, Production:￥34.7 billion）
Hyper Velocity Gliding
【repost】
Projectile (HVGP)
〇 Research on Hypersonic Missile（￥58.5 billion）

【repost】
Hypersonic Missile
➢ Maritime Assets （conceptual image）
○ Research on UUV control technology（￥26.2 billion）
【repost】
33
【Example of Project for Early Deployment (continued)】
➢ Artificial Intelligence (AI)

〇 Research on Acceleration of Decision-Making using AI
Utility/Attack UAV
➢ Unmanned asset defense capabilities （conceptual image）
○ Operational verification of utility/attack UAVs（￥6.9 billion）
【repost】
○ Operational verification of miniature attack UAVs （￥3 billion）
【repost】
○ Operational verification of reconnaissance, security and
surveillance UGV/UAV（￥8.1 billion）【repost】
Miniature Attack UAV
○ Research on UGV System（￥6.8 billion）【repost】 (conceptual image)
➢ Next-generation information communication

〇 Use of low earth orbit communication satellite constellation
service（￥0.2 billion）【repost】
➢ Space Domain Satellite Constellation (conceptual image)

○ Technological demonstration necessary to improve response
capabilities such as satellite-based HGV detection and tracking
○ Demonstration of common key technologies necessary for

utilization of the space domain（￥8 billion）【repost】
➢ HPM radiation
〇 Upgrade of Network Electronic Warfare System（NEWS）
〇 Procurement of HPM radiation device to respond small drones

(UAV)（￥2.5 billion）【repost】
〇 Research on future railgun（￥16 billion）

drones
Network electronic warfare system HPM radiation device

(conceptual image) 34
２ Reinforcing Defense Production Base (Approx. ¥146.3billion)

（Excluding other areas：Approx. ￥97.2 billion）
➢ The defense industry is Japan’s defense capability itself, and as a part of defense capability
development, Japan will implement fundamental initiatives in order to promote maintaining
and strengthening of the Japan’s defense industry and to build a powerful and sustainable
defense industry, and strengthen the response to various risks surrounding the defense
industry. At the same time, MOD will take measures for expansion of defense equipment
market.
（１） Building a Powerful and Sustainable Defense Industry
○ Project to Strengthen the Industry Base for Defense Equipment (¥36.3 billion)
Support companies to maintain and strengthen domestic defense Industry and
technological bases, including to strengthen cybersecurity.
・Improve defense equipment manufacturing process by installing cutting-edge

technologies such as 3D printing, AI, etc.
・Implement comprehensive/integrated cybersecurity measures not only for defense

sectors of the companies that have direct contractual relationships with the MOD,
but also for subcontractors.
（Companies applying cost accounting system will be subject to another measure
(See p.36)）
・Implement measures against supply chain risks including ensuring supply chain
resiliency
・Support Smooth business succession from companies withdrawing from the
defense industry.
M Improving manufacturing process

Defense related
efficiency
companies
O Cybersecurity enhancement
D
Resilience of the supply chain
Support for business succession
○ Research on maintaining and improving the technological bases for defense-unique

conventional technologies (¥2.4 billion).
○ Establish a new mechanism to reflect companies’ efforts in cost reduction activities
and risks associated with the contract performance period.
New profit ratio on target price calculation (conceptual image)
*System which
reflects companies’
efforts such as
Quality
management, Cost
management,
Delivery
management in the
defense sectors
35 into profit ratio
（２）Response to various cyber threats surrounding the defense industry
○ A new division called “Defense Industrial and Technology Security Division(tentative
name)” will be established to strengthen industrial security, based on international
standards, including cybersecurity, and also to strengthen sensitive technology
security.
○ Efforts in the Application of “Standards on Cybersecurity Measures for Defense

Industry”
Expense burden for cybersecurity measures taken by the defense industry based on
the “Standards on Cybersecurity Measures for Defense Industry” will be addressed in
defense procurement. (Measures for companies applying cost accounting system)
*¥52.6 billion will be allocated as a part of the expenses related to defense
procurement.
○ Development of Defense Security Gateway (¥44.1 billion)

Implement a “public-private shared cloud” and provide defense related companies
with security functions that meet the “Standards on Cybersecurity Measures for
Defense Industry”.
（３）Expanding the Sales Channels of the Defense Industry, etc.

○ Funds and Grant for Facilitation Transfer of Defense Equipment (¥40 billion)
・ATLA will establish a fund that allows stable and flexible financial contributions
aiming at facilitating transfer of defense equipment overseas through public-private
cooperation which is a key political tool in diplomacy and defense policy as well as
supporting private sector’s activities related to transfer of equipment.
・The government will subsidize the cost of modifying defense equipment

specifications.
○ Feasibility Studies for Overseas Transfer of Defense Equipment (¥200 million)

ATLA will conduct feasibility studies to grasps the potential needs of targeted
countries in order to make proposals on transfer of defense equipment in
cooperation with the private sectors.
○ Defense Technology Cooperation with Southeast Asian Countries (¥300 million)

In order to contribute to the realization of the transfer of Japan-made equipment,
ATLA provides educational support, etc., for the maintenance of equipment,
leveraging Japan’s technical strength, through equipment and technology
cooperation with Southeast Asian countries.
○ Efforts toward Rationalizing FMS Procurement (¥300 million)

Utilizing experts who have deep knowledge on the U.S. government procurement
procedures in order to rationalize FMS procurement and to enhance our negotiation
capability toward the U.S. government.
〇 Expand the Common Maintenance Platform for Ospreys of Japan and the U.S.
(¥7.6 billion).
Continue construction of new hangars for the Planned
Maintenance Interval (PMI) for Ospreys of Japan and
the U.S. at GSDF Camp Kisarazu.
36
Osprey (V-22)
３ Research and Development (Approx. ¥898.6 billion)
（Excluding other areas : Approx. ¥232 billion)
➢ The transformation in warfare approaches is accelerating against the background of the rapid
progress of science and technology. We will make intensive investment in equipment/technology
that are directly licked to future battles, and we will drastically reduce research and development
period by introducing novel methods into the research and development process, for early
realization of the capability to respond effectively in future warfare.
➢ Differences in technologies can determine the outcome of warfare, so in order to secure
technological superiority in the future and realize advanced capabilities ahead of other countries,
we will incorporate a wide range of advanced commercial/basic technologies, and while
collaborating with the projects in related ministries and agencies, we will intensively invest in
technologies that can be used for defense purpose and acquire those technologies as early as
possible.
（１）Stand-off Defense Capabilities
○ Development of upgraded Type-12 surface-to-ship missile

(surface-, ship, and air-to-ship missiles) (¥33.8 billion) 【Repost】
Continue development of upgraded Type-12 surface-to-ship missile
(surface-, ship, and air-to-ship missiles)
○ Research on Hyper Velocity Gliding Projectile (HVGP) (¥15.8 billion)【Repost】

Continue research on HVGP which glides at high speed and hits ground targets
○ Development of upgraded HVGP (¥200.3 billion)【Repost】
Develop upgraded version with extended range from early deployment type
○ Research on Hypersonic Weapons (¥58.5 billion)【Repost】

Steadily promote research and development of hypersonic missiles which fly at hypersonic
speeds (above 5 times the speed of sound) and are difficult to be intercepted.
○ Research on new anti-ship missiles (¥34.2 billion)【Repost】

Develop prototype of modular, multi-mission missiles that feature longer-range, lower radar
cross-section (RCS) and higher mobility technologies.
○ Development of target observation rounds (¥22.2 billion)【Repost】

Develop target observation rounds to search, detect, identify and collect information of the
ground target or enemy vessels while avoiding and breaking through enemy’s air defense
network and moving into the vicinity of the target.
（２）Capabilities to Respond to HGVs, etc.（Integrated Air and Missile Defense Capabilities）
○ Development of upgraded Type-03 Medium-Range Surface-to-Air Missile (modified)

(¥75.8 billion)
Improve capability to respond to HGVs and ballistic missiles.
○ Research on responding to HGV threats (¥58.5 billion)【Repost】

Establish elemental technologies as early as possible
for responding to HGV threats that travel at hypersonic speeds Research on responding to HGV threats
at high altitudes with high maneuverability （conceptual image）
*HGV：Hypersonic Glide Vehicle
○ Research on utilizing long endurance UAVs for missile defense (¥100 million)
Conduct research on detection and tracking of HGVs by utilizing long endurance UAVs.
37
（３）Capabilities to Respond to Drones and Swarm Attacks

(Integrated Air and Missile Defense Capabilities) Mortar Shell
Drone
Power Supply
and
○ Research on high-energy laser (HEL) systems （¥4.4 billion） Cooling Devices
Conduct research on technologies to intercept airborne threats Radar

by HEL, and gain the capability to deal with drones more
quickly at a lower cost. Laser Generator
Research on high-
energy laser system
〇 Research on high-power microwaves (HPM) systems （¥100 million）
Conduct research on technologies to disable drones and
other targets by radiating HPM, to acquire the capability to effectively address the
threats by drone swarming.
○ Research on Efficient Target Assignment System for Response Against a Swarm of

UAVs （¥5.3 billion）
Conduct research on target detection and efficient target assignment systems to
optimize interception of swarming UAVs.
*UAV： Unmanned Aerial Vehicle
（４）Unmanned Assets Defense Capabilities
Research on long-term operational type

UUV technology
○ Research on UUV control technology （¥26.2 billion）【repost】 (conceptual image)
Conduct research on technologies to control an UUV by the commanding UUV to

enhance operational capabilities in the underwater domain.
*UUV：Unmanned Underwater Vehicle
○ Research on UUV Technology for long term operation （¥900 million）【repost】

In anticipation of future complex and various missions, conduct research on long-
term operational UUVs that enables to add functions and performance of UUVs to
timely meet operational needs by just adding modules.
○ Research on Combat UGV (¥6.8 billion）【repost】

Conduct research on operational support technology to control multiple unmanned
combat vehicles from a manned vehicle, autonomous driving technology, etc.
*UGV : Unmanned Ground Vehicle
○ Research on Swarm Control Technology for Operating Swarm of a Variety of UxVs*

(¥500 million)
Conduct research on technology for operating a swarm consisting of a large number
of UxVs with flexibility by a small number of operators.
* UxV: Unmanned X Vehicle (E.g. UGV, UAV, UUV, USV, etc.)
Swarm flight by drones

Ⅲ Common Foundation
(5) Efforts for the Next-generation Fighter Aircraft (￥105.4 billion)

〇 Development of the next-generation fighter aircraft (¥102.3 billion)
・ Promote Japan-UK-Italy joint development of the next-generation fighter aircraft by

conducting preliminary design of the aircraft and initiating other various work such
as engine manufacturing.
〇 Research related to the next-generation fighter aircraft (¥3.1 billion)
・ Conduct research on fighter engine efficiency improvement and others
・ Prepare to test the multi-aircraft flight control technology (for the realization of
combat-support UAVs which collaborate with the next-generation fighter and other
manned aircraft).
ＣＯＬＵＭＮ Japan-UK-Italy Joint Development ＣＯＬＵＭＮ

of the Next-generation Fighter Aircraft
◆ Significance of the Development
In December 2022, Japan, the UK and Italy announced the Global Combat Air Programme
(GCAP) to jointly develop a next-generation fighter aircraft.
Next-generation fighter aircraft (*The images for illustration purposes only.)
⚫ Working towards the in-service date of 2035, the three countries will bring together their
technological advantages and share development costs and risks to develop an advanced
fighter which will ensure air superiority in the future.
⚫ This programme will maintain/strengthen Japan’s defense production and technological
bases through increasing the number of aircraft production and raising next generation of
internationally successful engineers.
⚫ This trilateral cooperation will not only lay a foundation for a wider collaboration with the
UK and Italy but also contribute to the stability of Indo-Pacific region and Europe in times of
increasingly severe security environment.
（６）Reinforcing Other Deterrence Capabilities
○ Research on future railguns （¥16 billion）【repost】

Conduct research on future railguns which are capable of
firing projectiles at high muzzle velocity to improve the capability
of intercepting various airborne threats. Research on future railguns
（conceptual Image）
○ Research on Broadband Electromagnetic Wave Receiving Technology（¥600 million）

Conduct research on technologies related to slim broadband antenna and broadband
receivers that can be mounted on small satellites.
○ Research on Acceleration of Decision-making using AI (¥4.3 billion）【repost】

Conduct research on technology to support commanders’ decision-making into
equipment by analyzing the course of action using AI to cope with the complex and
fast changing combat situations.
○ Research on Cyber Protection Technology for Equipment Systems

（¥400 million）【repost】
Conduct research on cyber protection technologies to avoid any damage by
cyberattacks from spreading as well as enable continuous system operations, and
reflect the outcomes into equipment systems such as Destroyers.
Conduct research on cyber protection technologies for equipment systems such as

vessels to prevent the spread of damage caused by cyber attacks.
〇 Research on EMP Equipment（¥1.5 billion）

Conduct research on EMP ammunition and laying EMP devices which emits powerful
electromagnetic pulses to disable the sensors and information systems of opponents’
units.
〇 Research on Urgent Armoring Technologies（¥200 million）

Conduct research on urgent armoring materials to rapidly and easily provide
protective performance to unarmored vehicles.
○ Measures contributing to the early practical weaponization of game changing

technologies（¥15.3 billion）
To accelerate the development of defense equipment, conducting research on
cutting-edge technologies that could be game changers as well as acquiring
important configuration technologies by the private sector in a short period.
○ Development of A Stand-off Electronic Warfare Aircraft（¥8.3 billion）【repost】

Develop a stand-off electronic warfare aircraft that supports the execution of SDF air
operations by effectively jamming signals.
○ Development of facilities and networks for higher security level（¥38 billion）

Develop facilities and networks for higher security level in light of based on
international standards to research and develop aircraft and other defense equipment.
40
（７）Discovery, Fostering, and Utilizing of Cutting-edge Technologies
○ Bridging Research（¥18.8 billion）

Significantly expand bridging research on promising research on advanced
technologies to incorporate into defense use by fostering the advanced technologies
that contribute to the research and development of innovative defense equipment
from among the results of research in the civilian sector and in the government
investment in science and technology.
・ Research on real-time underwater communication technology for UUVs

（¥4 billion）
Conduct research on hybrid acoustic /optical communication technology that
automatically switches between the two communication methods to make the most
of the advantages of acoustic and optical communication for the purpose of
improving UUV’s communication capabilities.
Hybrid
Acoustic/Optical
Underwater
Communication
Research on real-time underwater communication technology for application to UUVs（conceptual image）
〇 Study for the establishment of a new research institute（¥20 million）

Conduct research on research systems and methods for triggering defense innovation
towards the establishment of a new research institute (FY2024 onward) that will be
contribute to creating groundbreaking defense equipment.
○ Innovative science & technology initiative for security （¥11.2 billion）

Promote the “Innovative Science & Technology Initiative for Security” program in
which ATLA advertises for and commissions basic researches on innovative and
emerging technologies to be conducted at universities, etc.
41
III Common Infrastructure
4 Elements Supporting Defense Capabilities
➢ In order to support the SDF's performance of its duties, it is necessary to promote various
measures such as reinforcing the human resource base(securing human resources, improving
treatment, utilizing human resources from private sectors, etc.) and reinforcing medical
functions (enhancing functions of SDF Hospitals, etc.).
【Reinforcing Human Resource Base】
(1) Measures to Secure Maritime Self-Defense Force Naval Vessel Crew
Work for improvement of the vessel work environment, etc. to secure MSDF naval
vessel crews.
○ Development of in-ship wireless LAN environment (¥100 million)
Expansion of wireless communication environment to accommodation spaces
○ Expansion of the use of re-enrollment of SDF personnel
Expansion of
Deployment
Currently
Combatant Auxiliary Ship
Ship (Fast Combat
Support Vessel
(Destroyer・ Support Ship・
(Yard Ferry, etc.)
Landing Ship Experimental
Tank, etc.) Ship, etc.)
Image of the expansion of re-enrollment of SDF Personnel

(2) Measures to Secure Excellent Human Resources
Work to enhance recruitment and re-employment support to excellent human
resources.
A. Enhancement and Reinforcement of Recruitment
○ Digitalization of Recruitment PR(¥400 million)

Promote the digitalization of recruitment PR based on the
fact that the Internet has become the central means of
gathering employment information for the people eligible
for recruitment.
○ Reinforcing the Functions of the Provincial Cooperation
Offices system (¥1.1 billion)
Reinforcing the PCO for the recruitment operations.
○ Expansion of the SDF Scholarship Student System (¥30
Videos and banner advertisements
million)
(conceptual images)
B. Enhancement and Reinforcement of Reemployment Support

○ Strengthening Public Relations for the Reemployment PR (¥80 million)
Procurement of the tablet-type terminals as explanatory materials for companies, etc., and
creating PR videos to promote the usefulness of retiring SDF personnel, etc. for the sake of
effective PR for the reemployment
〇 Enhancement of career guidance (¥300 million)
Introduce private career consultant and online consulting system that can be utilized in a
timely manner.
〇 Enhancement of job training opportunities (¥800 million)
Expand opportunities for skill training and online classes for qualifications and licenses which
is advantageous for reemployment.
42
C. Others
○ Promotion of Harassment Prevention Measures (¥20 million)
• Outsourcing counselors for the Harassment Hotline
• Conducting group education on harassment prevention
• Holding an anger management training for newly assigned managers
○ Studies and Research aimed at Curbing Mid-Career Retirements by SDF

Personnel (¥60 million)
Implement awareness surveys on the attitudes of SDF personnel and
studies and research into measures, etc. to curb mid-career retirements in Personnel undergoing
private companies and foreign armed forces, in order to collect information harassment prevention
for consideration of measures to curb mid-career retirements by SDF education
personnel
(3) Promotion of Further Participation of Female Personnel and Working Style
Reform and Improvement of Living and Work Environment, etc.
Further promoting greater participation of female personnel through expanding
recruitment and appointment while implementing and enhancing measures
concerning working style reform and improvement of living and work environment.
A. Promotion of Further Participation of Female Personnel
○ Improvement of Infrastructure for Education, Living, and Work
Environment for Female SDF Personnel (¥5.7 billion)
• Development of women’s quarters in barracks
• Make renovations to improve living and work environments for female
SDF personnel (renovations of lavatory and bathing facilities)
• Development of women’s quarters on vessels, in particular,
Dolphin Mark awards ceremony
submarines
○ Mentor Training; Hiring External Counselors for Female SDF

Personnel (¥700 million)
B. Promotion of Working Style Reform
○ Implement the Digitalization of Administrative Documents that
Development of Women’s Quarters
will facilitate Remote Work (¥20 million)
(Installation of corridor doors in front of
○ Improve the Work Environment by Promoting a Paperless Office shower rooms on naval vessels)
and Space-saving Operations to Create a Better Workplace
(¥30 million)
C. Support for Work-Life Balance
○ Maintenance and Improvement of Workplace Childcare Facilities
(¥80 million)
Provide the supplies necessary for the maintenance of workplace
childcare facilities so that personnel can balance their work with
parenting and create a workplace that enables them to concentrate
on their duties.
• Provision of supplies in workplace childcare facilities
• Refurbishment of workplace childcare facilities Personnel looking after
children temporarily
○ Provision of Supplies for Temporary Childcare Service during Emergency Visits for the Office
(¥20 million)
Provide the supplies necessary for temporary childcare service for personnel in SDF camps, bases,
etc. at the time of an emergency operation, such as a disaster relief operation, etc.
• Provide supplies (safety mats, partitions, etc.) for temporary childcare service during emergency
visits for the office
• Participate in courses designed to improve childcare skills for temporary childcare service during
emergency visits for the office
• Implement temporary childcare service drills, assuming emergency operations
43
D. Promotion of Improvement of the Living and Work Environment
○ Construct and Maintain SDF Facilities and Secure Equipment, Daily Consumables and Clothing to
Improve Living and Work Environment for SDF Personnel.
・ Renovations, etc. of housing (¥21 billion)
・Development of housing necessary for introducing and reorganizing units as well as ensuring
readiness (¥13.5 billion)
・Bulk purchase of lease housing (¥59.8 billion)
・Construction of barracks, office buildings, etc. (¥146.4 billion)*
・ Procuring equipment and daily consumables, etc. (¥4.9 billion)*
・ Procuring uniforms, work clothes, and other clothing (¥20.3 billion)
・Improvement of infrastructure for education, living, and work environment for female
SDF personnel (¥5.7 billion)【repost】
*Air-conditioning, which has a direct impact on the health of SDF personnel, is given priority
(¥42.9 billion)
E. Initiatives for Raising Awareness which Contribute to Reinforcing the Human Resource Base
○ Initiatives for Child Care and Nursing Care (¥20 million)
• Lecture meetings by external experts who have specialized knowledge and the creation of
pamphlets
○ Initiatives for Harassment Prevention (¥8 million)
• Lectures by external experts who have specialized knowledge, group education for counseling
staff and personnel officers, and the creation of posters and brochures
○ Initiatives for Mental Health (¥900 thousand)
• Lectures by external experts who have specialized knowledge, education roadshow by internal
instructors, and the creation of posters and brochures
○ Initiatives for Maintaining Ethics Pertaining to the Duties of SDF Personnel and the Prevention
of Drug Abuse (¥700 thousand)
• Lectures by external experts who have specialized knowledge and the creation of posters and
broachers
F. Improve Treatment Taking Into Account the Special Nature of the Missions and Work
Environment of SDF Personnel
○ Provisions of allowances to radar site staff who conduct surveillance operations
(¥20 million)
Provide SDF-unique allowances for radar site staff who conduct surveillance operations under
harsh working environment.
(4) Enhancement of Educational and Research System
Implement measures to enhance the education and research systems at the National
Institute for Defense Studies, the National Defense Academy, and the National Defense
Medical College, and develop an environment enabling personnel to devote themselves to
their duties.
A. National Institute for Defense Studies
○ Enhancing International Research Exchanges (¥10 million)
Host international policy simulation meetings with research
institutes from the U.S., Australia, and Europe, enhancing
trust and presence in terms of policy simulations, and
establishing inter-organizational cooperation International Conference on
Policy Simulation
○ Newly establish “Cyber Security Office” in NIDS 【repost】 “Connections Japan 2022”
B. National Defense Academy
○ Improvement of the Living Environment of the Cadets (¥200 million)
Provision of supplies, etc.
○ Maintenance and Enhancement of the Level of Researches and Education Standard
(¥ 500 million)
Procure the equipment and materials required for defense basic research including
dual-use technology. 44
C. National Defense Medical College
○ Functional Improvement on National Defense Medical College (¥1.9 billion )
Developing clinical training for SDF medical officers and nurses, etc. who work on the leading-
edge of highly technical medical practice with empowering equipment for stronger collaboration
with SDF
○ Effective Support to Military Medicine Research in National Defense Medical College (¥400
million)
Encouraging the researchers in National Defense Medical College, that contributes to SDF
operation and to the clinical training in National Defense Medical College
D. Enhancement of Cyber Educational Base in the Schools and the Academy

○ GSDF System and Signal/Cyber School (¥200 million) [repost]
In order to strengthen the cybersecurity posture, reorganize the GSDF Signal School
into the GSDF System and Signal/Cyber School (tentative name), and procure facilities,
equipment, etc., for cyber education.
○ GSDF High Technical School (¥200 million)
Procure the equipment, etc. necessary for the System/Cyber Specialized Course.
○ National Defense Academy (¥100 million)
・ Enhancement of the literacy education for the cadets to gain a good grounding in cyber
matters (trial)
・ Enhancement of cyber education, and consideration of collaboration with parties outside
the Academy
・ Maintenance and Enhancement of the Level of Researches【repost】
(5) Promotion of Efforts Related to SDF Reserve Personnel and others for Continuation of Operations
Promote the deployment of SDF Ready Reserve and Reserve Personnel in a broader range
of fields and opportunities and the efforts to improve the capacity sufficiency rate of SDF
Reserve Personnel and others.
○ Research and Studies on the Development of the Management Support System for SDF
Reserve Personnel and others (tentative name) (¥40 million)
Conduct the research and studies for updating the current communication and confirmation
functions, the response confirmation system, which JGSDF has been operating since FY2021
(a system which can confirm each personnel’s safety and call-out availability via email, etc.),
in order to make it possible for the three SDF branches jointly to coordinate and perform the
procedures on the network.
○ Procurement of Uniforms, Accouterments, etc. (¥200 million)

Promote the systematic updating of the uniforms of the SDF Reserve
Personnel, etc. and the maintenance of deteriorated
accoutrements, etc.
Scene at a disaster relief operation
(6) Employment of technologies and human resources in the private sectors
As shrinking and aging population with a declining birth rate progress, build a posture where the
diversifying duties of the SDF can be accurately executed by effectively employing technologies and
human resources in the private sectors.
○ Utilization of external resources for AI adoption (¥500 million)
Utilize external AI experts with advanced skills to offer advice for planning
pertaining to the introduction of AI and practical guidance for building AI application
systems, etc.
○ Employment of AI workforce education courses (¥300 million)
Provide practical educational courses including programming, primarily for
45 personnel engaged in AI-related operations.
【Enhancement of Medical Functions】
Reconstruct the core SDF hospitals, and promote enhanced functions in SDF hospitals, for
example, by adding the necessary medical departments, etc., in order to upgrade the
functions of SDF hospitals.
Furthermore, build a posture to ensure that casualties can be evacuated quickly from the
front line to SDF hospitals, etc. behind the lines in an emergency, and in order to enhance
the medical capabilities in the units, procure the necessary equipment in the Medical
Squadron and strengthen health functions in the units.
○ Improvement of Specialized Treatment Capabilities at SDF Hospitals, etc.
Enhance medical capabilities for treating those wounded in war by
reconstructing the SDF Naha Hospital, which will act as the medical
base in Okinawa during contingencies in the southwestern region, as
well as the SDF Fukuoka and Yokosuka Hospitals, along with increasing
the number of medical departments.
・Study for Reconstructing the SDF Naha Hospital (¥100 million) SDF Fukuoka Hospital
after Reconstruction
• Civil engineering and work area work for the reconstruction of the (conceptual image)
SDF Fukuoka Hospital (¥300 million)
• Preparatory work associated with the reconstruction of the SDF Yokosuka Hospital (¥9.4 billion)
○ Enhancement of medical evacuation ability for those wounded in war
Introduce air medical evacuation training device to conduct training under aircraft-unique
situations. Additionally, procure large ambulance, etc., capable of simultaneously transporting
several wounded patients from transport aircraft to the destinations.
・Introduce of air medical evacuation training device (¥200 million)
・Procure large ambulance, etc. (¥700 million)
Left: during air medical evacuation training, center: conceptual image of evacuation from a transport aircraft
to an ambulance, right: large ambulance (conceptual image of inside)
○ Improvement of First-aid Capability on the Frontline

Develop educational material so that frontline first aid medical staff can persistently undergo the
skills maintenance training necessary for them to carry out emergency medical care for
wounded personnel. Furthermore, strengthen first-aid capability by developing a field surgical
system for damage control surgery and developing the equipment necessary for securing and
stockpiling blood products for use in blood transfusions.
• Development of a field surgical system (¥200 million)
• Procure educational material for improving first-aid skill (¥40 million)
• Development of autonomous equipment for securing and stockpiling blood products for blood
transfusions (¥90 million)
Field surgical system (for divisions and brigades) (Left: outside, center: inside, right: during training)
○ Research on Urgent Armoring Technologies (¥200 million) 【repost】 46

5 Strengthening the Japan-U.S. Alliance and Measures for Fostering
Harmony with Local Communities
Steadily implement the initiatives for realignment of the U.S. Forces to strengthen the
deterrence and response capabilities of the Japan-U.S. Alliance while mitigating
impacts on local communities
While SDF and the U.S. Forces expand and diversify their activities, as well as
fundamentally reinforce the defense capabilities, MOD will steadily implement
measures to harmonize defense facilities with surrounding areas while also
promoting measures to ensure the smooth and effective stationing of the U.S. Forces
in Japan to gain further understanding and cooperation from local communities
【U.S. Forces Realignment-Related Expenses ¥609 billion

[Measures for Mitigating the Impact on Local Communities]】
Relocation of the U.S. Marine Corps Stationed in Okinawa to Guam

○ Project for Relocation of the U.S. Marine Corps Stationed in Okinawa
to Guam (¥900 million)
Realignment-Related Measures in Japan

○ Project for realignment in Okinawa (¥252 billion)
・Relocation of MCAS Futenma (¥191.2 billion)
Construction of the Futenma Replacement Facility, etc.
Construction of the
(¥188.2 billion) Futenma Replacement Facility
Futenma refurbishment (¥3 billion)

・Return of land areas south of Kadena Air Base (¥60.7 billion)
○ Project for the relocation of the carrier-based aircraft (¥303 billion)
Facility development of runway, etc. on Mageshima
○ Project for contingency use (¥4.2 billion) Facility Development on Mageshima
○ Project for training relocation (¥8.9 billion)

○ Project for smooth implementation of realignment-related measures
(¥40.1 billion)
【SACO-Related Expenses】 ¥15.2 billion

○ Japan will continue to steadily implement the measures (mitigating the impact on local
communities in Okinawa) in the Special Action Committee on Okinawa (SACO). Final
Report except for changes made under the Japan-U.S. Security Consultative Committee
(“2+2”) Joint Statement.
47
【Promotion of Base-Related Measures, etc.】
(1) Expenses Related to Measures for Communities Around Bases ¥126.7 billion
Expenses for measures to promote harmony between defense
facilities and surrounding areas
○ Implementation of Soundproofing Projects for Residences Around Air
Bases, etc. (¥54.7 billion)
Increase the budget to further promote the projects so that the
number of households on waiting list can be reduced in an early
manner Example of Residential Soundproofing
Conduct a survey for restoration of functions around maneuver areas
○ Implementation of Projects to Improve the Living
Environment of Areas Around Defense Facilities (¥72 billion)
・Subsidization for the development of living environment facilities, etc.
Increase the subsidy rate for gymnasiums in remote island areas that
can be also used as evacuation facilities
Expand the coverage of applicable facilities for subsidization Gymnasium
・Implementation of projects covered by the Specified Defense
Facilities Environment Improvement Adjustment Grants
(development of public facilities and implementation of so-called soft
projects such as subsidization for medical expenses)
Increase the budget taking into consideration the strong requests
from local municipalities
・Establishment of a training grant (tentative name) to respond to the
expansion and diversification of aircraft training Night-Soil Treatment Plant
(2) Host Nation Support (Cost Sharing for the Stationing of U.S. Forces in Japan) ¥223.2 billion
Expenses to support smooth and effective operations of U.S. Forces in
Japan and to enhance the deterrence and response capabilities of the
Japan-U.S. Alliance
○ Cost Sharing under the New Special Measures
Agreement (SMA) (¥156 billion)
Labor cost (¥129.6 billion)
Utilities cost (¥23.4 billion)
Training equipment and materials procurement cost (¥1.7 billion)
Training relocation cost (¥1.3 billion)
○ Facilities Improvement Program (FIP) (aircraft shelters,
Aircraft Shelter
maintenance hangars, etc.) (¥41.8 billion)
○ Payment of Employer Contributions for USFJ Local Employees’
Social Insurance Premiums such as Healthcare Insurance and
Pension Insurance (¥25.4 billion)
(3) Rents for Facilities, Compensation, etc. ¥162.3 billion

Rents for land areas of defense facilities and compensation for losses in fishers’ income due
to training on water areas, etc. 48
6 Strengthening Security Cooperation

➢Japan will actively leverage the SDF’s capabilities to further defense cooperation and
exchanges including bilateral/multilateral training and exercises and various types of
international meetings, for the purpose of strategically promoting multi-faceted and multi-
layered security cooperation, based on the vision of “Free and Open Indo-Pacific”
【Japan-U.S. Bilateral Exercises】

○ Conducting Japan-U.S. Joint Bilateral Exercise (command post
exercise)
Training related to the Japan-U.S. combined response and joint
operations of the SDF for the defense of Japan
○ Conducting Exercises on Ballistic Missiles Response, etc.

Command post activities
Training concerning the ballistic missile response and the Japan-
(conceptual image)
U.S. combined response in air defense combat
【Enhancement of Capability to Conduct Overseas Activities】

○ Bilateral and Multilateral Training/Exercises
• Participation in Large-Scale Global Exercise led by the United States
Vessels, aircraft, etc. will participate in the Large-Scale Global Exercise 2023 (LSGE23) led by the
United States to enhance the tactical skills of the SDF and strengthen collaboration with
participating countries
Surface live-fire exercises Cross deck by Japan and the U.S. Maritime operational exercises
• Field training (field exercise) among the U.S. and Australian militaries
in Australia
Conducting a trilateral exercise with among Japan, the U.S., and
Australia with the aim of enhancing the tactical skills, etc. of personnel
and units, strengthening the collaboration amongst the three countries
of Japan, the U.S., and Australia, and contributing to peace and
stability in the Indo-Pacific region Field exercise with the U.S. and
Australian militaries in Australia
• Cobra Gold
Participation in the multilateral exercise Cobra Gold to maintain and improve the SDF’s joint
operation capabilities for the rescue of Japanese nationals overseas and to increase and
enhance cooperation and mutual understanding amongst participating countries
• Khaan Quest
Dispatching instructor personnel to the multilateral exercise Khaan Quest co-hosted by the
Mongolian Armed Forces and U.S. Indo-Pacific Command (USINDOPACOM) to develop
human resources by improving leadership capabilities and teaching skills in a multilateral
environment, and dispatch training units to improve capabilities in UN peacekeeping
operations and contribute to confidence building with participating countries
49
【Promotion of Defense Cooperation and Exchanges】
○ Indo-Pacific Deployment 2023 (IPD2023)

Conducting bilateral/multilateral exercises with navies from
the Indo-Pacific region and others to improve tactical skills of
the JMSDF and promote cooperation with these navies, as IPD
well as contribute to regional peace and stability and enhance
mutual understanding and trust.
○ Multilateral HA/DR Exercise in Micronesia, etc.

Enhancing HA/DR capabilities by conducting exercise in
which aircraft of participating countries drop donated goods
to the waters of Micronesia. Multilateral HA/DR Exercise
in Micronesia etc.
○ Field Training Exercise with Indian Army in India

Conducting bilateral exercise with the Indian Army, which
has actual combat experience in the field of counter-
terrorism, to improve tactical skills.
Field training exercise

with Indian Army in India
○ Promoting Capacity Building

Promote capacity building and personnel training in
the Indo-Pacific and other regions in areas such as Capacity building of the PKO
humanitarian assistance/disaster relief, PKO, maritime (facilities) field (Cambodia)
security, medical, and cyber security.
Capacity building of the

medical field (Fiji)
○ Initiatives under the ASEAN Defence Ministers’ Meeting-Plus

(ADMM-Plus)
The Ministry of Defense and the SDF contribute to proactively
promoting the enhancement of defense and security cooperation in
the region by co-chairing the ADMM-Plus, for example, making a
contribution by serving as the Co-Chair of the Experts’ Working ADMM-Plus
Group on Peacekeeping Operations in its fourth cycle together with
Vietnam
50
○ Initiatives under the Vientiane Vision 2.0
Based on the Vientiane Vision 2.0, the guideline for Japan-ASEAN defense
cooperation, promote practical defense cooperation, which puts emphasis on
ensuring the rule of law and strengthening maritime security through holding
seminars with ASEAN member states and other initiatives.
○ Participation in Pacific Partnership 2023

By visiting countries in the Indo-Pacific region to provide medical services and
conduct cultural exchanges, the Pacific Partnership strengthens relationships among
participating countries and facilitates international peace cooperation activities
through cooperation with governments, militaries, and other organizations.
【International Cooperation with UN and Partners in Areas of Strength】

○ Dispatch of Instructors to PKO Centers in Africa and Other
Regions
Dispatch SDF personnel as instructors to provide lectures for UN
peacekeeper candidates, upon requests from PKO centers in
Africa, in order to strengthen the capability of PKO centers for
peace and stability of the region Dispatch of instructors to
PKO centers in Africa
○ Strengthen the Capacity of the Djibouti Armed Forces for
Disaster Response
Provide trainings on heavy machinery operation upon requests
from the Government of Djibouti
Promote mutual understanding and strengthening the
relationship between the defense authorities in Japan and the
Republic of Djibouti and contribute to the development and
peace of Africa Instruction on the maintenance of
engineering equipment for the
Djibouti Armed Forces
○ UN Triangular Partnership Programme
Contribute to the deployment of UN peacekeeping missions by
dispatching SDF personnel to provide engineering and medical
trainings to UN peacekeeper candidates from Africa, Asia, and
the surrounding regions
【Ensuring Maritime Security】

UNTPP, heavy
○ Counter-piracy Operations off the Coast of Somalia and in the engineering equipment
Gulf of Aden training
Continue counter-piracy operations by a destroyer and two P-
3Cs off the coast of Somalia and in the Gulf of Aden by
participating in Combined Task Force 151, a multinational
counter-piracy task unit
【Efforts to Ensure the Safety of Japan-Related Vessels】
Destroyer escorting vessels
○ Information Gathering Activities in the Middle East
A destroyer and two P-3Cs involved in counter-piracy operations concurrently
conduct information gathering activities in three waters of high seas: the Gulf
of Oman, the northern Arabian Sea and the Gulf of Aden to the east of the
51Bab el-Mandeb Strait
7 Initiatives to Combat Climate Change

➢ It is important to maintain and enhance both climate change measures and defense
capabilities at the same time to ensure that the MOD and the SDF can fulfill the duties and
roles assigned to them under any environment forecasted due to climate change.
➢ For achievement of the government’s target to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 50%
by FY2030, it is necessary to steadily promote the measures raised in the “National
Government Action Plan”* in order to reduce total emissions of greenhouse gases from the
MOD (excluding defense equipment).
*National Government Action Plan (October 22, 2021 Cabinet Approval)
○ Reinforcement of Bases and Other Facilities, and Infrastructure

(¥1.5 billion)
Enhance resiliency of infrastructure of facilities such as bases, etc.
against disasters, etc. caused by climate change.
• Disaster prevention measures for bases (measures against
inundation)
○ Improvement on Defense Capabilities and Enhancement on

Resilience of Defense Equipment
Respond to new energy source configurations on the future
decarbonized society (¥1.7 billion). Towing vehicle for aircraft
• Acquisition of towing vehicles for aircraft (electric) (electric)
• Research on hybrid systems
○ Reinforcement of Strategic Security Cooperation (¥1.1 billion)

Promote exchanges and cooperation with other countries on the theme
of climate change and conduct joint training, etc. for HA/DR, etc.
• Implementation of international peace cooperation exercises
○ Improvement of Living and Working Environments of SDF Personnel and

Reinforcement of Medical Functions (¥5.5 billion)
Respond to increased health risks for SDF personnel due to heat waves and
extremely high temperatures.
• Installation of air ventilators for barracks, etc.
○ Improvement of Efficiency and Reduction of Greenhouse Gas Emissions at Bases

and Other Facilities (¥15.8 billion)
Strengthen resilience and reduce greenhouse gas emissions by saving energy of
facilities, etc.
・Shift to LED lighting system
・Upgrade to hybrid vehicles, etc.
52
8 Streamlining Initiatives
Make efforts to reduce approx. ¥257.2 billion by optimizing procurement of SDF
equipment and others through implementing the following measures, in accordance
with the National Defense Strategy and Defense Buildup Program.
(1) Suspension and Elimination of Use [expected reduction: ¥5.2 billion]
Suspend and eliminate the use of equipment whose importance has decreased due to
them becoming outdated, etc.
(Main Programs)
・Elimination of GSDF 203mm self-propelled howitzer, etc. [expected reduction: ¥5.2
billion]
(2) Planned, Stable and Efficient Procurement [expected reduction: ¥145.6 billion]
Achieve cost reduction through application of long-term contracts and other methods,
improving the predictability of companies and promoting efficient production. In
addition, expand comprehensive contracts, including Performance Based Logistics
(PBL) where outcomes are acquired through performance-based arrangements that
will deliver SDF’s requirements in maintenance.
(Main Programs)
・Bulk-purchase through long-term contracts
Procurement of MSDF VLS MK41 to be equipped on destroyers (expected reduction:
¥35.7 billion), ASDF rescue helicopters (UH-60J) (expected reduction: ¥13.6 billion),
and engine components to be equipped on GSDF utility/attack helicopters (expected
reduction: ¥23.5 billion)
・Bulk/Joint-purchase through methods other than long-term contracts
Procurement of aircraft components such as ASDF C-2 (expected reduction: ¥6.6
billion), comprehensive contract for maintaining ASDF ground communication
electronic device (TPS-102A) [expected reduction: ¥4.4 billion], and procurement of
MSDF unmanned underwater mine-search vehicle (OZZ-5) (expected reduction: ¥2.3
billion)
・Utilization of PBL
Maintenance of MSDF minesweeper/transport helicopters (MCH-101) (expected
reduction: ¥4.8 billion), GSDF transport helicopters (CH-47J/JA) (expected reduction:
¥1.2 billion), and gas-turbine engines for MSDF vessels (expected reduction: ¥1 billion)
(3) Narrowing down SDF-unique specifications (expected reduction: ¥21.4 billion)

Shorten procurement timeline while also reduce equipment life-cycle by narrowing
down SDF-unique specifications through modularization, communization, and use of
commercial-off-the-shelf products
(Main Programs)
Digitalization of MSDF training and education equipment/materials (expected
reduction: ¥7.8 billion), procurement of replacement for ASDF F-15 operation support
equipment (expected reduction: ¥2.5 billion)
(4) Program Review (expected reduction: ¥84.9 billion)

Review programs with low cost-benefit performance, while also promoting thorough
cost management for each programs and expansion of using outside labor force such
as private-sector contractors.
(Main Programs)
・Thorough cost management
Selection of GSDF future wheeled armed vehicles (expected reduction: ¥7.2 billion),
restoring reliability of GSDF missiles (expected reduction: ¥5 billion)
(5) Optimizing Organizational Capacity

Transfer necessary SDF personnel for strengthening the SDF Cyber Defense Units
(+144 personnel) and the Joint Staff (+8 personnel) from each of the SDF services.
53 Transfer GSDF personnel to MSDF to meet the increase of required personnel by MSDF
(+140 personnel)
9 Number of SDF Personnel (Unit: person)

Changes in the number of SDF End of End of
Change
personnel FY2022 FY2023
GSDF 158,481 158,226 △255

Regular Personnel 150,500 150,245 △255
Ready Reserve
7,981 7,981 0
Personnel
MSDF 45,293 45,414 121
ASDF 46,994 46,976 △18
Joint units 1,588 1,732 144
JS 386 394 8
Defense Intelligence HQ 1,936 1,936 0
Internal Bureau 50 50 0
ATLA 407 407 0
247,154 247,154 0
Total
（255,135）（255,135） (0)
Note 1: Figures for the end of each fiscal year are budget figures.
Note 2: The numbers in parentheses include the number of SDF ready reserve personnel.
Number of SDF reserve
personnel
GSDF MSDF ASDF Total
SDF reserve personnel 46,000 1,100 800 47,900
Number of candidates for

reserve personnel
GSDF MSDF Total
SDF reserve candidates 4,600 21 4,621
10 Actual Number of SDF Personnel

Increase in the Actual Number
of SDF Personnel
GSDF MSDF ASDF Total
Request f or increase ＋1,222 ＋300 ＋247 ＋1,769

* Of the above, 152 personnel will be transferred to the Joint Staff, etc.
Note: Joint Staff, etc. refers to the Joint Staff, joint units, DIH, Internal Bureau, and ATLA.
<Reference: Changes in the actual number of SDF personnel in the last five years>
FY2018 FY2019 FY2020 FY2021 FY2022
Approved ＋700 ＋664 ＋641 ＋710 ＋1,014
Number of SDF personnel

(annual average)
GSDF MSDF ASDF
Annual average 140,963 43,526 44,553 54

11 Increase in the Number of Civilian Officials and Others, etc.

(1) Requests for Increase in the Number of Civilian Officials and Others
In order to secure the systems for the “strengthening of security” stated in the decision by
the Prime Minister which directs personnel expenses and organization and staff change
request (Directive for organization and allocation of personnel expense in FY2023 to
proceed with the core issue of the Cabinet [July 29, 2022]), secure increase in the number
of civilian officials and others necessary for fundamentally strengthening Japan’s defense
capability (net increase of 75 staff).
○ Strengthen Cross-Domain Operation Capabilities and Systems Pertaining to Sustainability and Resiliency
(126 personnel)
• Strengthen the planning functions of cybersecurity policy to respond to the threat of increasingly diverse
and sophisticated cyber attacks and strengthen the implementation system for risk analysis, assessment
and auditing, etc. arising from the introduction of stricter security standards.
• Strengthen the systems pertaining to the maintenance, development, and supply of equipment, etc. and
the enhancement of the resiliency, etc. of SDF facilities.
○ Strengthen Structure for Reinforcement of the Defense Production/Technological Base, including R&D of
Advanced Technologies (58 personnel).
• Strengthen posture to smoothly promote the development of stand-off missiles and GCAP, etc.
○ Strengthen the Japan-U.S. Alliance, Enhance Security Cooperation (54 personnel)

• Promote projects for the return of land areas south of Kadena Air Base, including the Naha Port, and to
promote projects to develop Field-Carrier Landing Practice (FCLP) facilities.
○ Reinforce Human Resource Infrastructure (30 personnel)

• Strengthen the educational functions for securing cyber workforce and enhancing its quality
○ Increase the Number of civilian officials and others to Fundamentally Strengthen Japan’s Defense
Capability (38 personnel) .
• Strengthen intelligence collection and analysis capability of Defense Intelligence Headquarters, etc.
concerning the international military situation, etc.
○ Increase the number of civilian officials and others who contribute to economic security (26 personnel)
○ number of civilian officials and others to promote work-life balance (23 personnel)
<Changes in the Number of Civilian Officials and Others > (Unit: person)
FY2018 FY2019 FY2020 FY2021 FY2022 FY2022
13th rationalization plan 14th rationalization plan
Increase 209 204 299 290 330 355
Rationalization △261 △261 △266 △266 △267 △267
Decrease due to the arrival
of temporary post’s △15 △12 △12 △21 △19 △13
deadline, etc.
Net increase and
△67 △69 21 3 44 75
decrease
Number at the end of
20,931 20,903 20,924 20,927 20,971 21,041
FY
Note 1: Other than the above, rationalization of organizational quota by operational reform and personnel transfer would take place from FY2020 to
FY2023 budget requests (FY2020: 160 personnel, FY2021: 301 personnel, FY2022: 126 personnel, FY2023: 226 personnel)
Note 2: 5 personnel to be transferred to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Embassy in UK) for developing the next-generation fighter aircraft
are included in Number at the end of FY but are not included in decrease due to the arrival of temporary post’s deadline
Note 3: Quota for promoting employment of persons with disabilities (FY2018: 24 officials, FY2019: 41 officials) is included in Number at the end of
FY but is not included in the increase
Note 4: The Minister, State Minister, two Parliamentary Vice-Ministers, or Senior Advisor to the Minister are not included in Number at the end of FY
(2) Others
○ Strengthen policy planning functions, including newly establishing the “Operational Infrastructure
Division (Tentative Name)” and the “Bureau of Defense Policy Councilor” in the Bureau of Defense
55Policy, to enable a more efficient and effective response to various security issues.
12 Tax System Reform

○ Extension of Special Measures such as Making a Replacement Purchase of Business
Assets
Related to Countermeasures Against Aircraft Noise （Measures Related to
Relocations）
(Income Tax / Corporation Tax)
・A three-year extension of special measures for taxation on capital gains in case of
transferring business assets located inside the aircraft noise disturbance zones around
defense facilities to the government and making a replacement purchase of those
assets to locate outside the aircraft noise disturbance zones.
○ Extension of Special Deduction for Corporation Tax, etc., in the case of research and
development (Corporation Tax, etc.)
（Joint requests : Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry(METI), Cabinet
Office(CAO), Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications(MIC), Ministry of
Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology(MEXT), Ministry of Agriculture,
Forestry and Fisheries(MAFF), Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (MHLW),
Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism(MLIT), Ministry of the
Environment(MOE) and Reconstruction Agency）
・ A three-year extension of extra measures for extending creditable amount of
Corporate Tax, etc., in order to provide incentive to research and development
investment effectively.
56
Reference
57
Expenditures: ¥ 6,600.1billion
[Personnel and provisions expenses + obligatory
outlay expenses + general material expenses]
（FY）
FY2023
Before FY2019 FY2020 FY2021 FY2022 FY2024 FY2025 FY2026 FY2027 After
FY2018 FY2028
Personnel and provisions expenses Material expenses (program expenses)
Expenses related to personnel salary, Expenses related to: (i) procurement, repair and maintenance of
equipment; (ii) purchase of fuel; (iii) education and training of SDF
retirement allowance, meals, etc. personnel; (iv) facility construction and maintenance; (v) utilities
such as lighting, heat and water; (vi) research and development of
technology; and (vii) expenses related to base measures,
including measures to mitigate the impact on communities around
bases and cost-sharing for the stationing of U.S. Forces in Japan
¥2,196.9
Obligatory outlay expenses
billion Expenses paid in FY2023 in accordance
with contracts concluded before FY2022
General material expenses

(activity expenses)
Expenses paid in FY2023 in accordance with
contracts concluded in FY2023
Contracts before FY2018
（Note ３）（Note ３）
Contracts for FY2019

（Note ３）
Contracts for FY2020 Future obligations

（Note (existing portions)
３） Expenses to be paid after FY2024,
based on the contract before
FY2022
Contracts for FY2021 ¥2,518.2
（Note
billion ３）
Contracts for FY2022

（Note
３）
¥7,067.6
Contracts for FY2022 billion
Material expenses (on contract （Note
３）
base)
¥８,952.5 billion Future obligations
¥1,885 concerning new contracts
[General material expenses + future
obligations concerning new contracts] billion Expenses to be paid after FY2023, based on the
contract (within five years, in principle) in FY2022
Note 1: Excludes SACO-related expenses and the U.S. Forces realignment-related expenses (the portion allocated for
mitigating the impact on local communities).
Note 2: This chart is a rough diagram. The length of a box does not necessarily correspond to the actual amount of expenses.
Note 3: There are expenses to be paid over 5 years in association with the introduction of long-term contracts for the
procurement of equipment.
（Expenditure base）
⚫ Total amount to be paid in the current fiscal year for projects like procurement of equipment and facility
development
（Contract base）
⚫ Total amount of contracts concluded in the current fiscal year for projects like procurement of equipment and
facility development
（Future obligations）
⚫ The buildup of defense capabilities, such as procurement of major equipment including vessels and aircraft, as well
as construction of hangars and accommodations for SDF personnel, can take several fiscal years. For this reason,
the MOD enters into contracts for which the span is several fiscal years (up to five years, in principle), and, at the
time of concluding the contract, makes an advance commitment to pay the expenses at a certain time in the future.
⚫ Future obligation refers to the amount that will be paid in the fiscal year(s) following the year a multi-year contract is
concluded.
※Contract period of main projects

58
destroyer：４～５years guided missile：about４years sustainment and maintenance：１～２ years
aircraft：３～５ years ammunition：２～３ years facility：２～３ years
Breakdown by organization （on expenditure base）
(Unit: ¥100 million)
Comparison with the

Category FY2022 annual budget FY2023 annual budget
previous year
Defense-related
５１，７８８６６，００１１４，２１３
expenses
Ministry of Defense ４９，５９９６２，３４２１２，７４４
GSDF １７，５３３１９，１２０１，５８６
MSDF １２，９２２１６，４６７３，５４５
ASDF １１，６７２１８，６１３６，９４１
Total ４２，１２７５４，２００１２，０７３
Internal Bureau ５，２４７５，７４５４９７
Joint Staff ９８３８２４ △１５９
Defense Intelligence
７８６１，０５３２６７
HQ
National Defense
１７６２０９３３
Academy
National Defense
２４１２７０２９
Medical College
NIDS ３１３２１
Inspector General’s
Office of Legal ８１０２
Compliance
Total ７，４７１８，１４２６７１
（Regional Defense
２１７２３８２１
Bureau）
（ATLA）１，９７３３，４２２１，４４９
Note 1: Excludes SACO-related expenses and the U.S. Forces realignment-related expenses (the portion
allocated for mitigating the impact on local communities).
Note 2: The FY2022 budget includes ¥31.8 billion and the FY2023 budget includes ¥33.9 billion
appropriated by the Digital Agency
59
Breakdown by organization（on contract base）
(Unit: ¥100 million)
Comparison with
the previous year
Defense-related
expenses ３４，９８０８９，５２５５４，５４６
Ministry of Defense
３１，７６４７８，５７２４６，８０７
GSDF
５，３７６１６，８８０１１，５０４
MSDF
９，９９７２６，６５４１６，６５７
ASDF
９，９２８２４，５６１１４，６３４
Total ２５，３０１６８，０９５４２，７９５
Internal Bureau
５，１２７７，９１７２，７９１
Joint Staff
５１２９７３４６１
Defense Intelligence
HQ ５９３１，１６８５７５
National Defense
Academy ８７２０５１１８
National Defense
Medical College １２４１７６５１
NIDS
１８２４６
Inspector General’s
Office of Legal
４１３９
Compliance
Total ６，４６４１０，４７６４，０１２
（Regional Defense
Bureau）４２７８３６
（ATLA）３，１７３１０，８７６７，７０３
Note 1: Excludes SACO-related expenses and the U.S. Forces realignment-related expenses (the portion
allocated for mitigating the impact on local communities).
Note 2: The FY2023 budget includes ¥30.8 billion and the FY2024 budget includes ¥49.1 billion
appropriated by the Digital Agency 60
Promotion of Base-Related Measures, etc.
(Unit: ¥100 million, %)
Comparison
Growth rate
FY2022 annual FY2023 annual with the
Category from previous
budget budget previous
year
year
< ４,８８８ > < ５,１２２ > < ２３４ > < ４.８ >
Promotion of base-related ４,７１８４,８７２１５４３.３
measures, etc.
< １,１８３ > < １,２６７ > < ８４ > < ７.１ >
(１) Expenses related to １,１８６１,２１８３３２.８
measures for
communities around
bases
< ５１４ > < ５４７ > < ３３ > < ６.５ >
Residential soundproofing ５２３５１１ △ １３ △ ２.４
< ６７０ > < ７２０ > < ５０ > < ７.５ >
Improving living environment ６６２７０８４５６.９
of areas around defense
facilities
< ２,１６７ > < ２,２３２ > < ６６ > < ３.０ >
(２) Host Nation Support ２,０５６２,１１２５６２.７
(Cost sharing for the
stationing of U.S.
Forces in Japan)
Special Measures Agreement １,５３７１,５６０２３１.５
Labor cost １,２８１１,２９６１４１.１

Utilities cost ２３４２３４ - -
Training equipment and
materials procurement cost
１０１７６６１.９
Training relocation cost １１１３２２１.１
< ３７８ > < ４１８ > < ４０ > < １０.７ >
Facilities Improvement ２６７２９８３０１１.４
Program
Measures for USFJ local

employees
２５２２５４２０.８
< １,５３７ > < １,６２３ > < ８５ > < ５.５ >
(３) Rents for facilities, １,４７６１,５４２６６４.５
compensation, etc.
Note 1: The above figures are on expenditure base (general material expenses + obligatory outlay expenses), and
the figures in < > are on contract base (hereafter the same).
Note 2: The FY2023 annual budget includes ¥40 million (expenditure base) and ¥30 million (contract base)
appropriated by the Digital Agency.
61
Special Action Committee on Okinawa (SACO)-Related Expenses
Comparison
FY2022 annual FY2023 annual Growth rate from
Category with the
budget budget the previous year
previous year
１ Project for land return ３４１２６.２
２ Project for training １６１４ △ １ △ ７.９

improvement
< １２６ > < １３４ > < ８> < ６.６ >
３ Project for smooth １１８９７ △ ２２ △ １８.２
implementation of
SACO initiatives
< １４４ > < １５２ > < ８> < ５.５ >
Total １３７１１５ △ ２２ △ １６.０
62
U.S. Forces Realignment-Related Expenses
(the portion allocated for mitigating the impact on local communities)
Comparison with the Growth rate from the

previous year previous year
１ Project for relocation of the １８５９ △ １７６ △ ９５.４

U.S. Marine Corps stationed
in Okinawa to Guam
< １,６９２> < ２,５２０> < ８２８> < ４８.９ >

２ Project for realignment in ７６２１,０３５２７３３５.９
Okinawa
< １,０３０> < １,９１２> < ８８３> < ８５.７ >

(１) Relocation of MCAS Futenma ３５５６５１２９６８３.４
< ６６２> < ６０７> < △ ５５> < △ ８.３ >

(２) Return of land areas ４０６３８３ △ ２３ △ ５.７
south of Kadena Air Base
< ３,１８３> < ３,０３０> < △ １５３> < △ ４.８ >

３ Project for relocation of the ５４９５４６ △ ３ △ ０.５
carrier-based aircraft
< ０> < ４２> < ４２> < ２１０ｘ >

４ Project for contingency use ６７８ △ ５９ △ ８７.７
５ Project for training ９３８９ △ ３ △ ３.８

relocation
< ４３８> < ４０１> < △ ３７> < △ ８.５ >

６ Project for smooth ４２５４１６ △ ９ △ ２.２
implementation of
realignment-related measures
(１) Realignment Grants ４１５５１４３２.９
< ３９６> < ３４６> < △ ５１> < △ １２.８ >

(２) Measures for areas around ３８４３６１ △ ２３ △ ６.０
bases, etc.
< ５,５９０> < ６,０９０> < ５００> < ８.９ >

Total ２,０８０２,１０３２３１.１
63
余白
URL:https://www.mod.go.jp
Defense Programs and Budget of Japan

Published in December 2022
Published by:
Finance Division, Minister’s Secretariat
Defense Planning and Programming Division, Bureau of
Defense Buildup Planning
Equipment Policy Division, Acquisition, Technology &
Logistics Agency, the Ministry of Defense
5-1 Ichigaya-Honmuracho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8801

Tel. +81-3-3268-3111 (main line)

Defense Programs and Budget of Japan

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Defense Programs and Budget of Japan

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Defense Programs and Budget of Japan

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

防衛 省

Defense Programs and

“First Year” Budget for

Overview of FY2023 Budget

Changes in the Strategic Environment

Regional Military Trends

Ballistic missile referred to by North Korea

Concept of Defense-Related Expenditures for FY2023

Key Fields for Fundamental

①Stand-off defense ②Integrated air and

③Unmanned defense ④Cross-domain operation

⑤Command and control/

‣ The expenditure budget amounts to ¥6,600.1 billion, which increased by

A “substantial increase of defense budget” was achieved.

○ Notably, investment in improving operational availability, securing ammunition,

１ Stand-off Defense Capabilities

Future Operation of the Stand-off Defense Capabilities

JASSM Hypersonic Weapons

○ Research on Hypersonic Weapons（¥58.5 billion）

○ Research on new anti-ship missiles（¥34.2 billion）

○ Procurement of JASSM（¥12.7 billion）

○ Procurement of Tomahawk（¥211.3 billion）

２ Integrated Air and Missile Defense Capabilities

Conceptual Image of Integrated Air and Missile Defense Capabilities

○ Develop upgraded Type 03 medium-range surface-to-air guided missile (modified) .

○ Research on HGV Response（¥58.5 billion）

SM-3 Block ⅡA SM-6 PAC-3MSE Type-03 Medium-Range SAM

Strengthening of Sensor Networks

○ Procurement of Early Warning Aircraft（E-2D)（５aircraft：(¥1９4.1 billion）

FPS-５ FPS-7 Early Warning Aircraft（E-2D) Mobile Warning and

◆ Response towards North Korea’s missile

３ Unmanned Defense Capabilities

Unmanned assets on ground, sea, air, and water（conceptual image）

Strengthening Intelligence, Surveillance, Reconnaissance and

○ Procurement of UAVs (short-range)（5set: ￥600 million）

○ Research on miniature UGV（￥6 billion）

○ Maintenance and Procurement of Long-endurance UAV

Maintenance of Unmanned Assets with Various Attack Functions

○ Operational Verification on Utility/Attack UAVs（￥6.9 billion）

○ Operational Verification on Miniature Attack UAVs（￥3 billion）

○ Development of Unmanned Mine Clearing Systems

○ Development of Mine Search UUV（OZZ-5）（￥9.3 billion）

○ Research on UUV control technology（￥26.2 billion）

○ Research on Unmanned Combat UGV（￥6.8 billion）

○ Research on UUV technology for long term operation

Reinforcement of Information Collection Capabilities Utilizing Space Domain

○ Procurement of Data for Image Analysis （￥22.6 billion ）

○ Enhancement of X-band satellite communications Network, etc.（￥34.3 billion）

Enhancement of Space Domain Awareness (SDA)

○ Development of space operations command and control system, etc.

○ Demonstration for PATS（￥1.9 billion）

○ Demonstration of technology with high resiliency for satellite communications

Reinforcement of Organization System

○ Reorganization of the Space Operations Group

Introduction of Risk Management Framework（RMF）

〇 Development of threat hunting equipment (￥2.8 billion）

○ Development of Cyber Protection Analyzers（￥2.8 billion）

○ Development of Systems and Network Management Systems

Enhancement of Education and Research Functions in the Cyber Domain

防衛省

○ Procurement of F-35A（8 aircraft :￥106.9 billion）【repost】

○ Procurement of F-35B（8 aircraft：￥143.5 billion）【repost】

○ F-2 Upgrade Program（9 aircraft：￥12.8 billion）【repost】