3.7.5.2 Moving Charges in A Magnetic Field

Colonel Frank Seely School
3.7.5.2 Moving Charges in a Magnetic Field
Q1.Which one of the following statements is correct?
An electron follows a circular path when it is moving at right angles to
A a uniform magnetic field.
B a uniform electric field.
C uniform electric and magnetic fields which are perpendicular.
D uniform electric and magnetic fields which are in opposite directions.

(Total 1 mark)
Q2.Two electrons, X and Y, travel at right angles to a uniform magnetic field.

X experiences a magnetic force, F , and Y experiences a magnetic force, F .
X Y
What is the ratio if the kinetic energy of X is half that of Y?
D 1
(Total 1 mark)
Q3.Charged particles, each of mass m and charge Q, travel at a constant speed in a circle of
radius r in a uniform magnetic field of flux density B.
Which expression gives the frequency of rotation of a particle in the beam?
Page 1
(Total 1 mark)
Q4.The path followed by an electron of momentum p, carrying charge –e, which enters a
magnetic field at right angles, is a circular arc of radius r.
What would be the radius of the circular arc followed by an α particle of momentum 2p,
carrying charge +2e, which entered the same field at right angles?
B r
C 2r
D 4r
(Total 1 mark)
Q5.(a) Figure 1 shows a negative ion which has a charge of –3e and is free to move in a uniform
electric field. When the ion is accelerated by the field through a distance of 63 mm parallel
to the field lines its kinetic energy increases by 4.0 × 10sup class="xsmall">–16 J.
Figure 1
(i) State and explain the direction of the electrostatic force on the ion.
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(2)
(ii) Calculate the magnitude of the electrostatic force acting on the ion.
magnitude of electrostatic force ........................................ N

(2)
(iii) Calculate the electric field strength.
electric field strength .................................. NC –1

(1)
(b) Figure 2 shows a section of a horizontal copper wire carrying a current of 0.38 A.
A horizontal uniform magnetic field of flux density B is applied at right angles to the
wire in the direction shown in the figure.
Figure 2
(i) State the direction of the magnetic force that acts on the moving electrons in
the wire as a consequence of the current and explain how you arrive at your
answer.
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(2)
(ii) Copper contains 8.4 × 1028 free electrons per cubic metre. The section of wire
in Figure 2 is 95 mm long and its cross-sectional area is 5.1 × 10–6 m2.
Show that there are about 4 × 1022 free electrons in this section of wire.
(1)
(iii) With a current of 0.38 A, the average velocity of an electron in the wire is5.5 ×
10–6 m s–1 and the average magnetic force on one electron is 1.4 × 10–25 N.
Calculate the flux density B of the magnetic field.
flux density ......................................... T

(2)
(Total 10 marks)
Q6.(a) (i) State two situations in which a charged particle will experience no magnetic
force when placed in a magnetic field.
first situation...........................................................................................
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second situation.....................................................................................
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(2)
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(ii) A charged particle moves in a circular path when travelling perpendicular to a
uniform magnetic field. By considering the force acting on the charged particle,
show that the radius of the path is proportional to the momentum of the
particle.
(2)
(b) In a cyclotron designed to produce high energy protons, the protons pass repeatedly
between two hollow D-shaped containers called ‘dees’. The protons are acted on by
a uniform magnetic field over the whole area of the dees. Each proton therefore
moves in a semi-circular path at constant speed when inside a dee. Every time a
proton crosses the gap between the dees it is accelerated by an alternating electric
field applied between the dees. The diagram below shows a plan view of this
arrangement.
(i) State the direction in which the magnetic field should be applied in order for
the protons to travel along the semicircular paths inside each of the dees as
shown in the diagram above.
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(1)
(ii) In a particular cyclotron the flux density of the uniform magnetic field is 0.48 T.
Calculate the speed of a proton when the radius of its path inside the dee is
190 mm.
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speed .................................... ms –1
(2)
(iii) Calculate the time taken for this proton to travel at constant speed in a
semicircular path of radius 190 mm inside the dee.
time .......................................... s
(2)
(iv) As the protons gain energy, the radius of the path they follow increases
steadily, as shown in the diagram above. Show that your answer to part (b)(iii)
does not depend on the radius of the proton’s path.
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(2)
(c) The protons leave the cyclotron when the radius of their path is equal to the outer
radius of the dees. Calculate the maximum kinetic energy, in Me V, of the protons
accelerated by the cyclotron if the outer radius of the dees is 470 mm.
maximum kinetic energy .................................... Me V

(3)
Page 6
(Total 14 marks)
Q7.Which line, A to D, in the table correctly describes the trajectory of charged particles which
enter separately, at right angles, a uniform electric field, and a uniform magnetic field?
uniform electric field uniform magnetic field
A parabolic circular
B circular parabolic
C circular circular
D parabolic parabolic
(Total 1 mark)
Q8. A beam of positive ions enters a region of uniform magnetic field, causing the beam to
change direction as shown in the diagram.
What is the direction of the magnetic field?
A out of the page and perpendicular to it
B into the page and perpendicular to it
C in the direction indicated by +y
D in the direction indicated by -y

(Total 1 mark)
Page 7
Q9. The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) uses magnetic fields to confine fast-moving charged
particles travelling repeatedly around a circular path. The LHC is installed in an
underground circular tunnel of circumference 27 km.
(a) In the presence of a suitably directed uniform magnetic field, charged particles move
at constant speed in a circular path of constant radius. By reference to the force
acting on the particles, explain how this is achieved and why it happens.
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(4)
(b) (i) The charged particles travelling around the LHC may be protons. Calculate
the centripetal force acting on a proton when travelling in a circular path of
circumference 27 km at one-tenth of the speed of light. Ignore relativistic
effects.
answer = ................................ N
(3)
(ii) Calculate the flux density of the uniform magnetic field that would be required
to produce this force. State an appropriate unit.
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answer = ...................................... unit ........................

(3)
(c) The speed of the protons gradually increases as their energy is increased by the
LHC.
State and explain how the magnetic field in the LHC must change as the speed of
the protons is increased.
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(2)
(Total 12 marks)
Q10. When a β particle moves at right angles through a uniform magnetic field it
experiences a force F. An α particle moves at right angles through a magnetic field of
twice the magnetic flux density with velocity one tenth the velocity of the β particle. What
is the magnitude of the force on the α particle?
A 0.2 F
B 0.4 F
C 0.8 F
D 4.0 F
(Total 1 mark)
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Q11. Charged particles, each of mass m and charge Q, travel at a constant speed in a
circle of radius r in a uniform magnetic field of flux density B. Which expression gives the
frequency of rotation of a particle in the beam?
D
(Total 1 mark)
Q12. Two charged particles, P and Q, move in circular orbits in a magnetic field of uniform
flux density. The particles have the same charge but the mass of P is less than the mass
of Q. TP is the time taken for particle P to complete one orbit and TQ the time for particle Q
to complete one orbit. Which one of the following is correct?
A TP = TQ
B TP> TQ
C TP< TQ
D TP – TQ= 1
(Total 1 mark)
Q13. (a) The equation F = BQv may be used to calculate magnetic forces.
(i) State the condition under which this equation applies.
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(1)
(ii) Identify the physical quantities that are represented by the four symbols in the
equation.
F .........................................................................................................
B .........................................................................................................
Q..........................................................................................................
v...........................................................................................................
(1)
(b) The figure below shows the path followed by a stream of identical positively charged
ions, of the same kinetic energy, as they pass through the region between two
charged plates. Initially the ions are travelling horizontally and they are then
deflected downwards by the electric field between the plates.
While the electric field is still applied, the path of the ions may be restored to the
horizontal, so that they have no overall deflection, by applying a magnetic field over
the same region as the electric field. The magnetic field must be of suitable strength
and has to be applied in a particular direction.
(i) State the direction in which the magnetic field should be applied.
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(1)
(ii) Explain why the ions have no overall deflection when a magnetic field of the
required strength has been applied.
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(2)
(iii) A stream of ions passes between the plates at a velocity of 1.7 x 105ms–1. The
separation d of the plates is 65 mm and the pd across them is 48 V. Calculate
the value of B required so that there is no overall deflection of the ions, stating
an appropriate unit.
answer = ....................................
(4)
(c) Explain what would happen to ions with a velocity higher than 1.7 x 105ms–1 when
they pass between the plates at a time when the conditions in part (b)(iii) have been
established.
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(2)
(Total 11 marks)
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Q14. A negatively charged particle moves at right angles to a uniform magnetic field. The
magnetic force on the particle acts
A in the direction of the field.
B in the opposite direction to that of the field.
C at an angle between 0° and 90° to the field.
D at right angles to the field.

(Total 1 mark)
Q15. An electron moving with a constant speed enters a uniform magnetic field in a
direction perpendicular to the magnetic field. What is the shape of the path that the
electron would follow?
A parabolic
B circular
C elliptical
D a line parallel to the magnetic field

(Total 1 mark)
Q16. An electron moving with a constant speed enters a uniform magnetic field in a
direction at right angles to the field. What is the subsequent path of the electron?
A A straight line in the direction of the field.
B A straight line in a direction opposite to that of the field.
C A circular arc in a plane perpendicular to the direction of the field.
D An elliptical arc in a plane perpendicular to the direction of the field.

(Total 1 mark)
Page 13
Q17. A jet of air carrying positively charged particles is directed horizontally between the
poles of a strong magnet, as shown in the diagram.
In which direction are the charged particles deflected?
A upwards
B downwards
C towards the N pole of the magnet
D towards the S pole of the magnet

(Total 1 mark)
Q18. When travelling in a vacuum through a uniform magnetic field of flux density 0.43 m
T, an electron moves at constant speed in a horizontal circle of radius 74 mm, as shown in
the figure below.
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(a) When viewed from vertically above, the electron moves clockwise around the
horizontal circle. In which one of the six directions shown on the figure above,
+x, –x, +y, –y, +z or –z, is the magnetic field directed?
direction of magnetic field ......................................

(1)
(b) Explain why the electron is accelerating even though it is travelling at constant
speed.
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(2)
(c) (i) By considering the centripetal force acting on the electron, show that its speed
is 5.6 × 10 m s .6 –1
(2)
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(ii) Calculate the angular speed of the electron, giving an appropriate unit.
answer = ......................................
(2)
(iii) How many times does the electron travel around the circle in one minute?
answer = ......................................
(2)
(Total 9 marks)
Q19. An electron moves due North in a horizontal plane with uniform speed. It enters a
uniform magnetic field directed due South in the same plane. Which one of the following
statements concerning the motion of the electron in the magnetic field is correct?
A It accelerated due West.
B It slows down to zero speed and then accelerates due South.
C It continues to move North with its original speed.
D It is accelerated due North.

(Total 1 mark)
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Q20. Particles of mass m, each carrying charge Q and travelling with speed v, enter a
magnetic field of flux density B at right angles. Which one of the following changes would
produce an increase in the radius of the path of the particles?
A an increase in Q
B an increase in m
C a decrease in v
D an increase in B
(Total 1 mark)
Q21. Particles of mass m carrying a charge Q travel in a circular path of radius r in a

magnetic field of flux density B with a speed v. How many of the following quantities, if
changed one at a time, would change the radius of the path?
• m
• Q
• B
• v
A one
B two
C three
D four
(Total 1 mark)
Q22. Protons, each of mass m and charge e, follow a circular path when travelling
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perpendicular to a magnetic field of uniform flux density B. What is the time taken for one
complete orbit?
D
(Total 1 mark)
Q23.The path followed by an electron of momentum p, carrying charge −e, which enters a
magnetic field at right angles, is a circular arc of radius r.
What would be the radius of the circular arc followed by an α particle of momentum 2p,
carrying charge +2e, which entered the same field at right angles?
B r
C 2r
D 4r
(Total 1 mark)
Q24. (a)
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The diagram above shows a doubly-charged positive ion of the copper isotope
that is projected into a vertical magnetic field of flux density 0.28 T, with the field
directed upwards. The ion enters the field at a speed of 7.8 × 10 m s . 5 –1
(i) State the initial direction of the magnetic force that acts on the ion.
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(ii) Describe the subsequent path of the ion as fully as you can.
Your answer should include both a qualitative description and a calculation.
mass of ion = 1.05 × 10 kg –25
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(5)
(b) State the effect on the path in part (a) if the following changes are made separately.
(i) The strength of the magnetic field is doubled.
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(ii) A singly-charged positive ion replaces the original one.
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(3)
(Total 8 marks)
Q25. Which line, A to D, correctly describes the trajectory of charged particles which
enter, at right angles, (a) a uniform electric field, and (b) a uniform magnetic field?
(a) uniform electric field (b) uniform magnetic field
A circular circular
B circular parabolic
C parabolic circular
D parabolic parabolic
(Total 1 mark)
Q26. An α particle and a β particle both enter the same uniform magnetic field, which is
–
perpendicular to their direction of motion. If the β particle has a speed 15 times that of the
–
α particle, what is the value of the ratio
A 3.7
B 7.5
C 60
D 112.5
(Total 1 mark)
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Q27.An electron moves due North in a horizontal plane with uniform speed. It enters a uniform
magnetic field directed due South in the same plane. Which one of the following
statements concerning the motion of the electron in the magnetic field is correct?
A It continues to move North with its original speed.
B It slows down to zero speed and then accelerates due South.
C It is accelerated due West.
D It is accelerated due North.

(Total 1 mark)
Q28.Protons and pions are produced in a beam from a target in an accelerator. The two types
of particles can be separated using a magnetic field.
(a) State the quark composition of
(i) a proton,
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(ii) a positive pion, π+
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(2)
(b) A narrow beam consisting of protons and positive pions, all travelling at a speed of
1.5 × 107 m s–1 , is directed into a uniform magnetic field of flux density 0.16 T, as
shown in the diagram.
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(i) Calculate the radius of curvature of the path of the protons in the field.
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(ii) Sketch, on the diagram above, the path of the pions from the point of entry into
the field to the point of exit from the field.
(iii) If the magnetic field were increased, how would this affect the paths of the
particles?
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(7)
(Total 9 marks)
Q29.The diagram shows an arrangement in a vacuum to deflect protons into a detector using a
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magnetic field, which can be assumed to be uniform within the square shown and zero
outside it.
The motion of the protons is in the plane of the paper.
(a) Sketch the path of a proton through the magnetic deflector. At any point on this path
draw an arrow to represent the magnetic force on the proton. Label this arrow F.
(2)
(b) State the direction of the uniform magnetic field causing this motion.
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(1)
(c) The speed of a proton as it enters the deflector is 5.0 × 106 m s–1. If the flux density
of the magnetic field is 0.50 T, calculate the magnitude of the magnetic force on the
proton.
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(2)
(d) If the path were that of an electron with the same velocity, what two changes would
need to be made to the magnetic field for the electron to enter the detector along the
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same path?
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(2)
(Total 7 marks)
Q30.(a) (i) State two differences between a proton and a positron.
difference 1 ...........................................................................................
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difference 2 ...........................................................................................
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(ii) A narrow beam of protons and positrons travelling at the same speed enters a
uniform magnetic field. The path of the positrons through the field is shown in
Figure 1.
Sketch on Figure 1 the path you would expect the protons to take.
Figure 1
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(iii) Explain why protons take a different path to that of the positrons.
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(5)
(b) Figure 2 shows five isotopes of carbon plotted on a grid in which the vertical axis
represents the neutron number N and the horizontal axis represents the proton
number Z.
Two of the isotopes are stable, one is a beta minus emitter and two are positron
emitters.
Figure 2
(i) Which isotope is a beta minus emitter?
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(ii) Which of the two positron emitters has the shorter half-life? Give a reason for
your choice.
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(3)
(c) A positron with kinetic energy 2.2 MeV and an electron at rest annihilate each other.
Calculate the average energy of each of the two gamma photons produced as a
result of this annihilation.
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(2)
(Total 10 marks)
Q31.A narrow beam of electrons is directed into a uniform electric field created by two
oppositely-charged parallel metal plates at right angles to the field lines. A fluorescent
screen is used to make the beam give a visible trace.
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(a) (i) Explain why the beam curves towards the positive plate.
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(ii) How does the trace show that, on entry to the electric field, all the electrons
have the same speed?
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(3)
(b) The beam is produced as a result of accelerating electrons between the filament
and a metal anode.
(i) Explain why the wire filament must be hot.
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(ii) Write down an equation relating the speed of the electrons, υ, to the potential
difference, VA, between the anode and the filament.
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(2)
(c) The deflection of the beam due to the electric field can be cancelled by applying a
suitable uniform magnetic field in the same region as the electric field.
(i) What direction should the magnetic field be in to do this?
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(ii) Write down an equation relating the speed of the electrons υ to the plate
voltage Vp, the plate separation d, and the magnetic flux density B necessary
to make the beam pass undeflected between the plates.
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(iii) The following measurements were made when the beam was undeflected.
V = 3700 V
A V = 4500 V
p d = 50 mm B = 2.5 mT
Use the two equations you have written down and the given data to calculate
the specific charge, e/m, of the electron.
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(5)
(Total 10 marks)
Q32. The diagram below shows a diagram of a mass spectrometer.
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(a) The magnetic field strength in the velocity selector is 0.14 T and the electric field
strength is 20 000 V m . –1
(i) Define the unit for magnetic flux density, the tesla.
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(2)
(ii) Show that the velocity selected is independent of the charge on an ion.
(2)
(iii) Show that the velocity selected is about 140 km s . –1
(1)
(b) A sample of nickel is analysed in the spectrometer. The two most abundant isotopes
of nickel are Ni and Ni. Each ion carries a single charge of +1.6 × 10 C. –19
mass of a proton or neutron = 1.7 × 10 kg –27
The Ni ion strikes the photographic plate 0.28 m from the point P at which the ion
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beam enters the ion separator.
Calculate:
(i) the magnetic flux density of the field in the ion separator;
(3)
(ii) the separation of the positions where the two isotopes hit the photographic
plate.
(2)
(Total 10 marks)
Q33. Figure 1 shows the plan view of a cyclotron in which protons are emitted in between
the dees. The protons are deflected into a circular path by the application of a magnetic
field. Figure 2 shows a view from in front of the cyclotron.
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Figure 1
Figure 2
(a) (i) Mark on Figure 2 the direction of the magnetic field in the region of the dees
such that it will deflect the proton beam in the direction shown in Figure 1.
(2)
(ii) Show that the velocity of the proton, v, at some instant is given by:
v=
where m is the proton mass, r the radius of its circular path, B the magnetic
flux density acting on the proton and +e the proton charge.
(2)
(iii) Write down an equation for the time T for a proton to make a complete circular
path in this magnetic field.
(2)
(iv) Explain how your equation leads to the conclusion that T is independent of the
speed with which the proton is moving.
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(1)
(b) In addition to this magnetic field there is an electric field provided between the dees.
This accelerates the proton towards whichever dee is negatively charged. An
alternating potential difference causes each dee to become alternately negative and
then positive. This causes the proton to accelerate each time it crosses the gap
between the dees.
(i) Describe and explain the effect the acceleration has on the path in which the
proton moves.
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(2)
(ii) In terms of T, write down the frequency with which the p.d. must alternate to
match the period of motion of the proton.
(1)
(c) (i) Calculate the velocity of a proton of energy 0.12 keV.
the proton mass, m = 1.7 × 10 kg –27
the magnitude of the electronic charge, e = 1.6 × 10 C –19
(3)
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(ii) Calculate the de Broglie wavelength of the 0.12 keV proton.
the Planck constant, h = 6.6 × 10 J s –34
(3)
(iii) Name the region of the electromagnetic spectrum which has an equivalent
wavelength to that of the proton.
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(1)
(Total 17 marks)
Q34.(a) Explain why a particle is accelerating even when it is moving with a uniform speed in
a circular path.
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(2)
(b) Figure 1 shows a schematic diagram of a proton synchrotron. This is a device for
accelerating protons to high speeds in a horizontal circular path.
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Figure 1
In the synchrotron the protons of mass 1.7 × 10–27 kg are injected at point A at a
speed of 8.0 × 106 m s–1. The diameter of the path taken by the protons is 400 m.
(i) Show on Figure 1 the direction of the force required to make a proton move in
the circular path when the proton is at the position marked P.
(1)
(ii) Calculate the force that has to be provided to produce the circular path when
the speed of a proton is 8.0 × 106 m s–1.
(2)
(iii) Sketch on Figure 2 a graph to show how this force will have to change as the
speed of the proton increases over the range shown on the x-axis. Insert an
appropriate scale on the force axis.
Page 34
Figure 2
(c) Before reaching their final energy the protons in the synchrotron in part (b) travel
around the accelerator 420 000 times in 2.0 s.
acceleration of free fall, g = 9.8 m s–2
(i) Calculate the total distance travelled by a proton in the 2.0 s time interval.
(2)
(ii) Unless a vertical force is applied the protons wold fall as they move through
the horizontal channel.
Calculate the distance a proton would fall in two seconds.

(2)
(iii) Determine the force necessary to prevent the vertical movement.

(1)
(Total 12 marks)
Q35.An electron moves into a region of uniform magnetic flux density between the poles of a
magnet as shown in the diagram.
The deflection of the electron will be
A towards the pole marked S
B towards the pole marked N
C perpendicular to the plane of the paper towards you
D perpendicular to the plane of the paper away from you

(Total 1 mark)
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Q36.An alpha particle moves at one-tenth the velocity of a beta particle. They both move
through the same uniform magnetic field at right angles to their motion.
The magnitude of the ratio is
D
(Total 1 mark)
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M1.A
[1]
M2.C
[1]
M3.A
[1]
M4.B
[1]
M5.(a) (i) force acts towards left or in opposite direction to field lines ✓
because ion (or electron) has negative charge
(∴ experiences force in opposite direction to field) ✓
Mark sequentially.
Essential to refer to negative charge (or force on + charge is
to right) for 2 mark.
nd
(ii) (use of W = F s gives) force F = ✓
= 6.3(5) × 10 (N) ✓
–15
If mass of ion m is used correctly using algebra with F =

ma, allow both marks (since m will cancel). If numerical
value for m is used, max 1.
2
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(iii) electric field strength = 1.3(2) ✓ 10 (N C ) ✓

4 -1
[or (833 V)
= 1.3(2) ✓ 10 (V m ) ✓ ]
4 -1
Allow ECF from wrong F value in (ii).

1
(b) (i) (vertically) downwards on diagram ✓

reference to Fleming’s LH rule or equivalent statement ✓
Mark sequentially.
1 point: allow “into the page”.
st
(ii) number of free electrons in wire = A × l × number density

= 5.1 × 10 × 95 × 10 × 8.4 × 10 = 4.1 (4.07) × 10 ✓
–6 –3 28 22
Provided it is shown correctly to at least 2SF, final answer

alone is sufficient for the mark. (Otherwise working is
mandatory).
1
(iii) ✓ = 0.16 (0.159) (T) ✓
[or ✓ = 0.16 (0.158) (T) ✓ ]
In 2 method allow ECF from wrong number value in (ii).

nd
2
[10]
M6.(a) (i) Two examples (any order):
• when charged particle is at rest or not moving relative to field
• when charged particle moves parallel to magnetic field

2
Page 38
(ii)
Acceptable answers must include correct force equation (1 st
point).
B and Q are constant so r ∝ momentum (mv)

.
Insist on a reference to B and Q constant for 2 mark.
nd
(b) (i) upwards (perpendicular to plane of diagram)

Accept “out of the page” etc.
1
(ii)
2
(iii) length of path followed (= length of semi-circle) =
time taken
Allow ECF from incorrect v from (b)(ii).
Max 1 if path length is taken to be 2 (gives 1.37 × 10 s).

−7
(iv) v ∝ r (and path length ∝ r )
t = (path length / v) or ( /v)
so r cancels (∴time doesn't depend on r)
Page 39
[or BQv = mω r gives BQωr = mω r and BQ = mω = 2πfm

2 2
∴ frequency is independent of r ]
2
(c)
1 mark can be achieved by full
st
substitution, as in (b)(ii), or by use of

data from (b)(i) and / or (b)(ii).
E (= ½ mv ) = ½ × 1.67 × 10 × (2.16 × 10 )
k max
2 −27 7 2
( = 3.90 × 10 J) −13
Allow ECF from incorrect v from (b)(ii),

or from incorrect t from (b)(iii).
3
(Total 14 marks)
M7.A
[1]
M8. A
[1]
M9. (a) (magnetic) field is applied perpendicular to path
or direction or velocity of charged particles
(magnetic) force acts perpendicular to path
Page 40
or direction or velocity of charged particles
force depends on speed of particle or on B [or F ∞ v or F = BQv explained]
force provides (centripetal) acceleration towards centre of circle
[or (magnetic) force is a centripetal force]
shows that r is constant when B and v are constant

4
(b) (i) radius r of path = = 4.30 × 10 (m)

3
(allow 4.3km)
centripetal force = 3.50 × 10 (N)

–16
(ii) magnetic flux density
= 7.29 × 10 -5
T
3
(c) magnetic field must be increased
to increase (centripetal) force or in order to keep r constant
[or otherwise protons would attempt to travel in a path of larger radius]
[or, referring to , B must increase when v increases to keep r constant ]

2
[12]
M10. B
[1]
Page 41
M11. A
[1]
M12. C
[1]
M13. (a) (i) magnetic field (or B) must be at right angles to velocity (or v)
1
(ii) F = (magnetic) force (on a charged particle or ion)
B = flux density (of a magnetic field)
Q = charge (of particle or ion)
v = velocity [or speed] (of particle or ion)

all four correct
1
(b) (i) into plane of diagram

1
(ii) magnetic force = electric force [or BQv = EQ]
these forces act in opposite directions [or are balanced

or resultant vertical force is zero]
2
Page 42
(iii) BQv = EQ gives flux density B =
(= 738 V m ) –1
= 4.3 × 10 –3
T
4
(c) ions would be deflected upwards
magnetic force increases but electrostatic force is

unchanged [or magnetic force now exceeds electrostatic force]
2
[11]
M14. D
[1]
M15. B
[1]
M16. C
[1]
Page 43
M17. B
[1]
M18. (a) magnetic field direction: −z (1)

1
(b) direction changes meaning that velocity is not constant (1)
acceleration involves change in velocity

(or acceleration is rate of change of velocity) (1)
[alternatively
magnetic force on electron acts perpendicular to its velocity (1)

force changes direction of movement causing acceleration (1)]
2
(c) (i) BQv = (1) gives v
(1) (= 5.59 × 10 m s )
6 −1
(ii) angular speed ω = 7.5(5) × 10 (1)

7
unit: rad s (1) (accept s )

−1 −1
Page 44
(iii) frequency of electron’s orbit f (1)

(= 1.20 × 10 s )
7 −1
number of transits min = 1.20 × 10 × 60 = 7.2 × 10 (1)

−1 7 8
[alternatively
orbital period [or ]
(= 8.32 × 10 s)
−8
number of transits min =

−1
(1)]
2
[9]
M19. C
[1]
M20. B
[1]
M21. D
[1]
Page 45
M22. B
[1]
M23.B
[1]
M24. (a) (i) out of plane of diagram (1)
(ii) circular path (1)

in a horizontal plane [or out of the plane of the diagram] (1)
(1)
radius of path, r (1)
= 0.91(4) m (1)
max 5
(b) (i) radius decreased (1)

halved (1)
[or radius is halved (1) (1)]
(ii) radius increased (1)

doubled (1)
[or radius is doubled (1) (1)]
max 3
[8]
Page 46
M25. C
[1]
M26. B
[1]
M27.A
[1]
M28.(a) (i) uud (1)
(ii) (1)
2
(b) (i) = Bev [or r = ] (1)
m = 1.67 × 10 (1)
-27
(1)
= 0.98 m (1)
Page 47
(ii) pion path more curved than proton path (1)
(iii) path more curved

[or radius (of path) smaller] (1)
for both paths (1)
7
[9]
M29.(a)
(uniformly) curved path continuous with linear paths at entry and exit points (1)
arrow marked F towards top left-hand corner (1)
2
(b) into (the plane of) the diagram (1) (not accept “downwards”)
1
(c) F(= BQυ) = 0.50 × 1.60 × 10 × 5.0 × 10 (1)

-19 6
= 4.0 × 10 N (1)
-13
(d) B must be in opposite direction (1)
(much) smaller magnitude (1)

2
[7]
M30.(a) (i) including, for example:

positron is an antimatter particle; proton is a matter particle (*)
Page 48
positron is a lepton; proton is a hadron (*)
positron has a smaller rest mass than a proton (*)
positron is not composed of other particles; proton is made up of quarks (*)
(*) any two [1] [1]
(ii) proton path has greater radius of curvature than positron (1)
(iii) radius of curvature r = and υ, B and e are constants (1)
therefore r proportional to m (1)

mass of proton is (much) greater than mass
of positron (at same speed) (1)
5
(b) (i) C - 14 (1)
(ii) C - 10 (1)
as this is furthest from stability (1)
3
(c) rest mass of electron = 0.51 MeV therefore total energy available
= (2.2 +2 × 0.51)= 3.22 (MeV) (1)
gamma photons produced have average energy = = 1.6 MeV(1)

2
[10]
M31.(a) (i) electrons are negatively charged so beam is attracted to positive plate
[or repelled by negative plate or electron experiences force towards positive
plate]
(1)
(ii) beam does not spread out (1)

if speeds varied, faster electrons would be
deflected less than slower electrons (1)
3
(b) (i) to give conduction electrons sufficient

k.e. to leave metal [or to cause thermionic
emission or electrons have insufficient
ke. in a cold filament to leave filament] (1)
Page 49
(ii) mυ = eV [or υ =
2
A ] (1)
2
(c) (i) into the plane of the diagram (1)

perpendicular to the diagram [or the electric field] (1)
(ii) Beυ = (1)
(iii) combine the two equations to give (1)
(1)
1.75 × 1011 Ckg–1 (1)

max 5
[10]
M32. (a) (i) 1 N per A per m

or 1 Wb m –2
or quotes: B = F/IL with terms defined

or induced EMF = ΔBAN/t with terms defined
or a slightly flawed attempt at the definition in
statement form
C1
It is the flux density (perpendicular to a wire) that

produces a force of 1N per m on the wire when
the current is 1A
or
B = F/IL and 1 T is flux density when F = 1N; I = 1A
and L = 1 m
or induced EMF = ΔBAN /t and 1 T is the flux change
when emf = 1V for A=1 N =1 and t =1 or similar
A1
2
(ii) force on charge due to E field , F = Eq or Vq/d

E
and
force due to B field, F = Bqv
B
Page 50
or Eq=Bqv
B1
= Bqv; cancels q and states explicitly v =
or v =
B1
2
(iii) v = 20000/0.14 (seen) or 143 × 10 m s

3 –1
B1
1
(b) (i) Bqv =mv /r or r = mv/Bq ( allow e instead of q)

2
mass of ion = 1.7 × 10 × 58 (may be in equation)

–27
or (9.86 × 10 kg seen)
–26
C1
or
radius = 0.14 m (may be in equation)
C1
Substitutes and arrives at 0.62 to 0.63 T
A1
3
(ii) Calculates new radius (0.145 m) or diameter (0.288 m)

using r m or otherwise allowing ecf
C1
0.010 m (condone 0.01 m) or 0.0096 – 0.0097 m

(Allow 0.0079 m or 0.008 m due to use of different
sfs for B and v )
A1
2
[10]
Page 51
M33. (a) (i) vertical field line(s)
B1
directed downwards
B1
2
(ii) mv /r and Bev seen

2
M1
equated and correctly rearranged
A1
2
(iii) v= or equivalent
M1
T=
A1
2
(iv) no v in the equation for T (m, B and e

all independent of v)
B1
1
(b) (i) proton spirals outwards/suitable diagram B1
as v ↑ r ↑
B1
2
(ii) f =1/T
B1
1
(c) (i) conversion of keV to J (1.92 × 10 )–17
C1
Page 52
use of ½ mv 2
1.50 × 10 ms
5 –1
A1
3
(ii) λ=
p = mv or substituted values
C1
2.6 × 10 m
–12
A1
3
(iii) y-rays or X-rays or answer consistent with

candidate’s λ
B1
1
[17]
M34.(a) acceleration is (rate of) change of velocity

or velocity is a vector
or velocity has magnitude and direction
B1
velocity is changing since direction is changing

(must be clear that it is the velocity that is changing direction)
B1
allow 1 mark for ‘it would move in a straight line at constant speed if it were
not accelerating’
do not allow ‘because there is a force acting’
‘because direction is changing’
(2)
(b) (i) arrow toward centre of circle at P

B1
(1)
Page 53
(ii) F = mv / r or mrω
2 2
or numerical equivalent (r must be 200 m)

C1
5.4 × 10–16 N
A1
(2)
(iii) graph showing correct curvature with F plotted correctly (e.c.f. for F)
(should be between 5 × 10–14 and 6 × 10–16 N

B1
double v, quadruple F
(should be possible to do these tasks to ±½ a square)
B1
(2)
(c) (i) circumference = 1256 m or 2πr × 420 000
(allow e.c.f. for incorrect r from (b)(ii))

C1
distance travelled = 5.3 × 108 m

A1
(2)
(ii) s = ½ gt or ut + ½at
2 2
C1
19.6m (20m)
A1
(2)
(iii) mg = 1.7 (1.67) × 10 N –26
B1
(1)
[12]
Page 54
M35.D
[1]
M36.B
[1]
Page 55
E1.This question required students to understand the trajectory of an electron moving in electric
and / or magnetic fields. 73% gave a correct response.
E2.Calculation of the force acting on electrons moving in magnetic fields in relation to their
kinetic energies was the basis of this question. Because the kinetic energy of X is half that
of Y, it follows that vx = vy / and that the ratio of the forces is 1 / . The facility of this
question was 54%; 18% of the students gave distractor A and 23% gave B.
E4.This question, which had been used in an earlier examination, had a facility of 60% in 2014.
On the previous occasion its facility was 55%. It may be readily seen that the radius of the
path of a moving charged particle in a magnetic field is proportional to momentum p and
inversely proportional to charge Q. When both p and Q are doubled, the charge will
continue in a path of the same radius. Incorrect responses were evenly spread between
distractors A, C and D. This was the most discriminating question in the test.
E5.The direction of the force on the negatively charged ion in part (a)(i) was mainly correct.
Explanations of the direction of the force were good and marks for this part were high.
At A2 level the students are expected to have retained a comprehensive knowledge of

earlier work, which is tested by synoptic components within the questions. Part (a)(ii) was
an example of this, because the simplest solution followed directly from “energy gained =
work done = force × distance”. This eluded most students, many of whom were
completely defeated. Many of them became successful after taking a very roundabout
route, involving calculation of the pd from V = W / Q, the field strength from E = V / d and
the force from F = EQ. Others produced answers based on the uniform acceleration
equations and F = ma. When this was done using algebra the mass m of the ion could be
cancelled and the answer was accepted. When a numerical value was chosen for m the
mark that could be awarded was limited to 1 out of 2. There were fewer difficulties in part
(a)(iii), where E = F / 3e gave the most direct answer but where E = V / d offered an
alternative method. Incorrect force values from part (a)(ii) were permitted for full credit in
part (a)(iii).
Page 56
In part (b)(i) the successful application of Fleming’s left hand rule readily showed the
majority that the magnetic force on the wire would be downwards (or into the page). Most
students gained both marks. It seemed that some students who thought too deeply about
the direction of this force eventually got it wrong: their line of thought was that the force
due to the current was downwards, but electrons carry a negative charge so the force on
them must act upwards. It had not occurred to them that the force on the complete wire
has to act in the same direction as the force on all of the free electrons within it.
The simple calculation that led to the number of free electrons in the section of wire was
almost always worked out correctly in part (b)(ii). This was a “show that” question, so
students should have realised that a more precise answer than 4 × 1022 (such as 4.07 ×
1022) would be expected before the mark became available. Part (b)(iii) offered two
approaches to the value of the flux density B. By considering the average force on a
single electron, F = BQv could be used. Alternatively, by considering the force on the
section of wire, F = BIl could be used. In the latter method many got into difficulty by
forgetting to consider the number of electrons in the wire.
E6.The two situations expected to be given in part (a)(i) were when the charge is at rest, or
when it is moving parallel to the direction of the magnetic field. These answers were given
by a high proportion of the candidates. Inexact expressions such as “when the charge is
placed parallel to the field” were viewed with suspicion and went unrewarded. Also
unsuccessful were attempts such as “when it is not moving perpendicular to the field” and
“when it does not cut any flux lines”. Some candidates thought they could answer by
subjecting the moving charge to an electric field over the same region (as in an ion
velocity selector) so that there would be no resultant force on the charge. This was not
acceptable because the magnetic force would still be acting.
In part (a)(ii) most candidates gained the first mark by quoting BQv = mv / r. Cancelling
2
one v then gives mv = BQr. However, to show that mv ∝ r it is necessary to point out that
B and Q must be constant. The large number of answers which failed to do this did not
receive the second mark.
Examiners were surprised by the large number of incorrect answers to part (b)(i), on a
topic that has usually been well understood. Perhaps this was because the question is set
in the context of a device being used to accelerate protons (rather than electrons).
Consequently many candidates could not see that the magnetic field has to act upwards,
out of the plane of the diagram.
Errors in part (b)(ii) included using the wrong mass and/or charge for a proton, but the
majority of answers were correct. The frequent slip of using 2πr instead of πr for the path
length incurred a one mark penalty in part (b)(iii); many candidates got around this
problem by dividing their answer for time by 2. Part (b)(iv) was often rewarding, but it also
defeated many candidates. The expected approaches included using algebraic equations
for the time, or an argument based on the proportionality of the speed and radius. Less
precise attempts, such as “gwhen the speed increases the radius increases so the time is
the same’ were not credited. A few candidates repeated the calculation in part (b)(iii) for a
different radius to show that the time was unaltered. In part (c) the candidates who
thought that the protons would still be travelling at the speed they had calculated in part
(b)(ii) were under a serious misapprehension and gained no marks. Surprisingly few used
v ∝ r to find the new velocity, most preferring to repeat their earlier calculation in full but
Page 57
using r = 0.47m. The conversion of the kinetic energy unit from J to MeV . which is an AS
topic . defeated many.
E7.This question had appeared in an examination previously; it tested the fairly familiar
knowledge of the trajectory of charged particles in electric and magnetic fields and this
time had a facility of 71%.
E8. This question 61% of the students could apply the rule correctly, but almost one
quarter of them chose distractor B, where the magnetic field would have acted “down” into
the page instead of “up” out of it.
E9. It was rare for all four marks to be awarded in part (a). The essence of this question
was well understood, but poor use of English and an inability to write logically limited the
mark that could be given. An alarming proportion of answers made no reference at all to
the magnetic field; these students appeared to be answering a more general question
about circular motion. Many of the students evidently thought that the purpose of the
magnetic force (presumably acting outwards) was to balance the centripetal force, rather
than to provide it. Relatively few correct solutions were seen that used r = mv / BQ to
show that r is constant when B and v are constant.
The common error in part (b)(i) was failure to deduce the radius of the path of the protons
from the 27 km circumference of the LHC. This only meant the loss of one of the three
marks, however, provided the principles of the rest of the calculation were correct.
Careless arithmetic such as failure to square v, and/or forgetting to convert km to m, was
also a frequent source of loss of marks. F = BQv was usually applied successfully in part
(b)(ii), where the unit of magnetic flux density was quite well known. Almost inevitably,
there was some confusion between flux density and magnetic flux.
The fact that had to be appreciated in part (c) was that in the LHC the radius of the path of
the charged particles must remain constant as they are accelerated. A large proportion of
students thought that it was necessary to maintain a constant centripetal force for this to
happen, whereas it ought to have been clear to them that F must increase as v increases
if r is to be constant.
Page 58
E10. This question had the unusual outcome that one of the distractors (A) was slightly
more popular than the correct answer (B). This had not happened when the question was
pre-tested. No doubt the mistake made by students who chose distractor A was to forget
that the charge of an α particle is +2e, not +e. The question had a facility of 44%.
E11. This question was a fairly standard test of the algebraic equations which govern the
motion of a charged particle as it moves through a magnetic field at right angles, but
involving the frequency of rotation around the circle. Almost 70% of the students selected
the correct response.
E12. This question concerned the time period of charged particles moving in a circular
orbit in a magnetic field. Its facility was 55% but distractors A and B were each selected by
more than 20% of candidates. Successful solutions required mv /r = BQv to be combined
2
with T = 2πr Iv.
E13. In part (a)(i) many candidates were unaware of the condition under which F = BQv
applies, which is given clearly in the specification. A common incorrect answer was to
state that the force has to be perpendicular to B, without any reference to v. In part (a)(ii)
the main difficulty proved to be the meaning of B; magnetic flux density was correct and
the loose ‘magnetic field strength’ was not accepted. Some candidates thought that v
represents voltage.
Part (b)(i) was a test of Fleming’ left hand rule when applied to a stream of positive ions.
Together with the figure, the first paragraph of part (b) defines ‘downwards’ as the
direction towards the lower (negative) plate. The correct answer in (b)(i) is ‘into the plane
of the diagram’, not downwards.
Page 59
In part (b)(ii) candidates were expected to consider the force conditions applying to the
undeflected ions. A common misconception was that the magnetic field is equal to the
electric field. The main errors in part (b)(iii), where the numerical value obtained was often
correct, were the omission of clear working and not knowing that the unit of B is T. Some
candidates could only quote F = BQv and were at a loss to make further progress without
F = EQ and E = V/d.
Many candidates were totally lost in part (c). Others correctly explained that the ions
would now be the magnetic force (which is proportional to v) increases whilst the
electrostatic force (which is independent of v) remains constant.
E14. This question, with facilities of 67%, was about charged particles moving at right
angles to a magnetic field. Relatively few candidates chose any one of the incorrect
responses in the question.
E15. This question, with facilities of 62%, was about charged particles moving at right
angles to a magnetic field. Distractor A (parabolic path) attracted 29% of the responses.
E16. The principles of the magnetic deflection of an electron beam by a magnetic field
were well understood in this question, where 73% of the candidates made the correct
choice. Almost one in five candidates chose distractor D, an obvious confusion over the
shape of the curved path.
E17. This question could be answered by applying Fleming’s left hand rule to a beam of
positive ions. Around half of the responses were correct, but a quarter were for distractor
Page 60
A (which was upwards, instead of downwards).
E18. In part (a) the correct application of Fleming’s left hand rule to moving electrons was
a much sterner test than it ought to have been for A2 candidates. It seemed that
responses were distributed almost randomly between the six alternative directions. Part
(b) was the familiar test of whether candidates understood the significance of the
directional nature of velocity for a particle moving in a circle. The expected approach was
to point out that a change in direction shows that velocity is changing, and that
acceleration involves a change in velocity.
Alternatively, it could be argued that the force on the electron always acts at right angles
to its velocity, thus changing the electron’s direction of travel and causing it to accelerate.
Candidates with a superficial acquaintance with this situation tended to refer to centripetal
force in their answers, without conveying any proper understanding of the directional
nature of velocity.
As suggested by the question, the starting point for successful answers to part (c) (i) was
the equation BQv = mv /r. Most candidates arrived at a correct result for the speed of the
2
electron, by substituting either the separate values for e and me, or for the specific charge
e/me, from the Data and Formulae Booklet. Calculation of the angular speed in part (c) (ii)
usually caused little difficulty, but its unit was not always known: m s was often written
–1
down. Those who had quoted m s usually then got into difficulty in part (c) (iii), because
–1
they tried to find the orbital period by dividing the circumference of the circle by their value
for ω/m s . A particularly worrying error by many candidates in this part was a calculator
–1
error when trying to divide ω (= 7.55 × 10 rad s ) by 2π. This led to a final incorrect
7 –1
answer of 7.1 × 10 revolutions per minute, which appeared in a large number of scripts.
9
The error appears to have been caused by an incorrect sequence of division and
multiplication operations on calculators.
E19. The magnetic force on a moving electron was tested in this question, but this time
qualitatively instead of quantitatively. Since this electron was moving anti-parallel to the
magnetic field through which it was travelling, it would experience no magnetic force.
Therefore, its motion would not be affected by the B field. 45% of candidates appreciated
this (answer C), but 21% thought it would grind to a halt and set off in the opposite
direction (distractor B) whilst 18% thought it would accelerate in its original direction
(distractor D). Confusion with the effects of electric fields is evident in these incorrect
responses.
Page 61
E20. This question looked at factors that might increase the radius of curvature of charged
particles following a circular arc in a B field. The facility of this question was 63%, and
incorrect responses were fairly equally spread.
E21. This question required candidates to be familiar with the factors that affect the radius
of the path followed by a charged particle in a magnetic field. 58% of the candidates
spotted that all four factors would change the radius, but 27% thought that only three
would matter (distractor C). This question was the best discriminator in the test.
E22. Difficulties over rearrangement of the algebra no doubt caused 20% of the
candidates to choose distractor A and 13% distractor C in this question, but the facility
was still 55%. This was another two-stage calculation, where Bev, mv /r and 2πr/v were all
2
to be combined to find the time for one orbit of a proton in a magnetic field.
E24. Students are much more accustomed to diagrams which show magnetic fields acting
at right angles to the plane of a diagram, than magnetic fields acting in the plane of a
diagram. Consequently the seeds of confusion were sown at the start of part (a) for a
large proportion of the candidates, many evidently treating the question as though it
referred to an electric field. Therefore the path of the ion in part (ii) was stated to be
parabolic, and not circular, in a large number of the scripts. Perhaps the aim of the
required calculation was a little obscure, but a question about a circular path ought to
have triggered ‘radius’ in the minds of the candidates. Many calculated this radius very
successfully, the principal error being a wrong value for the charge of the doubly-charged
ion.
In part (b) it was not possible to award any marks to candidates who were convinced that
the path was parabolic; they tended to write about curves that were ‘steeper’ or ‘with a
bigger slope’, etc.
Page 62
E25. Trajectories of charged particles as they pass through electric and magnetic fields
ought to be a fairly simple topic, but the facility of this question improved only slightly, from
55% to 57%, between pre-test and examination. Candidates who did not understand
these topics were attracted in almost equal numbers to distractors B and D.
E26. This question required candidates to recall the charges of α and β-particles, as well
as to be familiar with F = BQv. Both the facility (54%) and the discrimination were an
improvement on the pre-examination values. 24% of the candidates chose distractor C
(presumably because 15 × 4 = 60). This suggests these candidates had difficulty with the
physics as well as the arithmetic.
E28.The majority of candidates were able to give the correct quark composition of the proton in
part (a), but many were unable to give the correct quark composition of the positive pion,
usually as a result of stating that the antiquark was strange.
In part (b) the calculation of the radius of curvature was usually correct although some
candidates did not use the correct mass value for the proton. In part (ii) the majority of
candidates knew the pion path was more curved and were thus able to score full marks. In
the final part candidates often failed to state that the radius of curvature would be less for
both types of particles.
E29.Apart from the very occasional script in which the candidate showed the proton to be
banging around inside the ‘box’ like a gas molecule, the path of the proton was well
recognised in part (a). The majority of candidates made an acceptable attempt at a
freehand circular arc to join the entry and exit points. The direction of the magnetic force
caused greater difficulty for some candidates, with arrows shown in all kinds of directions
instead of towards the top left-hand corner. An arrow tangential to the path was a common
wrong response.
Page 63
Parts (b) and (c) were generally done well, but the charge of the proton was not always
extracted correctly from the Data booklet as e. A value of +1 (or 9.58 × 107 which is e / mp)
was frequently encountered.
Reversal of the direction of B was usually correct as the answer for one of the marks in
part (d), but many fewer candidates were able to understand that the less massive
electron would require a field of much smaller magnitude in order to follow the same path
as the proton. As has happened often in the past, weaker candidates tended to give
incomplete responses such as “change” the field direction and “alter” the strength of the
field; these answers gained no marks.
E30.Parts (a)(i) and (a)(ii) were found to be straightforward by most candidates, but only the
best explained the ideas behind the trajectory with any rigour. This required the essential
statement that B, v, and e are constants in the equation R = mʋ / Be.
Part (b) discriminated well at the bottom end of the ability range.
Many more candidates than expected failed to include the rest mass of both particles in
the total energy calculation in part (c).
E31.Most candidates explained correctly in part (a) why the beam bends towards the positive
plate and why the trace shows that the electrons have the same speed. Relatively few
candidates went on to state that faster-moving electrons would deflect less and slower
electrons more.
Many candidates scored both marks in part (b), often with a good account of thermionic
emission which indicated clear understanding of the process involved.
Page 64
Few candidates scored both marks in part (c)(i), although many did know that the
magnetic field direction needs to be into the plane of the diagram. Weaker candidates
generally failed to score here, often confusing the force direction and the field direction,
Most candidates knew the correct equation in part (c)(ii) and many realised that the
equation was to be used in part (c)(iii), although some lost a mark through failure to state
the correct unit.
E32. (a) (i) Only a small proportion of the candidates was able to provide a correct
definition of the telsa. Most gave another form of the unit Wb m or less
–2
commonly N A m .
–1 –1
(ii) It would have been useful to see some words to support the algebraic
argument but this was very rare. Responses were usually a number of
formulae with cancellations (including some irrelevant formulae amongst the
relevant ones in the poorest answers). In view of the poor explanations
candidates were at least expected to make v the subject of the final formula to
gain both marks.
(iii) This was often correct but whether the answers were based on an
understanding of the physics or just number crunching was often difficult to
follow. Candidates were given the benefit of the doubt.
(b) (i) Many knew the equation r = mv/Bq or were able to derive it from first
principles. A common error was to use the diameter instead of the radius so
arriving at half the answer. Some did not calculate the mass of the ion and
others used 28 × 1.6 × 10 C for the charge on the ion.
–19
(ii) Many were able to gain credit in this part using the error carried forward for an
incorrect flux density. However, the majority subtracted the given diameter
from their new radius so losing the second mark.
E33. (a) (i) Surprisingly, several candidates failed to answer this part. Of those who
Page 65
did most recognised that the magnetic field would be vertically downwards.
(ii) Most candidates were able to complete this part successfully.
(iii) This was found to be more difficult and only the best candidates were able to
arrive at the expected equation.
(iv) Of those arriving at an appropriate equation in (iii) most recognised that all the
quantities were independent of v.
(b) (i) Few candidates recognised that the proton would spiral outwards as its speed
increases. Several candidates did discuss an increase in the radius of the
proton path.
(ii) Most candidates correctly recognised the relationship between f and T.
(c) (i) Weaker candidates had difficulty in converting the energy from keV into J but
otherwise this part was well answered.
(ii) The de Broglie relationship was well known although, even with error carried
forwards from (i), several candidates had difficulty in calculating a consistent
wavelength.
(iii) Few candidates could relate the wavelength calculated in (ii) to its appropriate
area in the electromagnetic spectrum.
E34.(a) A number of candidates referred to the fact that there was a force and therefore
acceleration but ignored the reference to uniform speed. Candidates were expected
to refer to change in direction resulting in a change in velocity, owing to its vector
nature, and to state the link between change in velocity and acceleration.
(b) (i) Most candidates completed this successfully.
(ii) The majority of candidates did this part correctly but some used the given
diameter as the radius. Many who started with mrω2 had difficulty determining
ω.
Page 66
(iii) Many candidates drew careful graphs, plotting the data from (ii) correctly and
using a scale that covered the whole range. The quadrupling of force for a
doubling of the velocity was also very clear in the best graphs. There were,
however, many candidates whose skills in graphical communication left much
to be desired. There were many instances where, for example, the value from
(ii), 5.4 × 10–16 N, was plotted on the 20 mm grid line. These candidates rarely
showed other values correctly.
(c) (i) Most candidates were able to complete this successfully but there were a
significant number who used πr2 as the circumference.
(ii) Most appreciated the need to use s = ut + ½ at2 and the majority obtained the
correct answer. There were a significant proportion of candidates who did not
distinguish between horizontal and vertical motion and used 8 × 106 m s–1 for u.
This led to a silly answer for distance fallen in 2 s that usually passed without
comment.
(iii) Most completed this part successfully. Some candidates simply stated
‘gravitation’ instead of a value. A few gave 9.8 N as the answer.
Page 67

3.7.5.2 Moving Charges in A Magnetic Field

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3.7.5.2 Moving Charges in A Magnetic Field

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Colonel Frank Seely School

3.7.5.2 Moving Charges in a Magnetic Field

Q1.Which one of the following statements is correct?

An electron follows a circular path when it is moving at right angles to

A a uniform magnetic field.

B a uniform electric field.

C uniform electric and magnetic fields which are perpendicular.

D uniform electric and magnetic fields which are in opposite directions.

Q2.Two electrons, X and Y, travel at right angles to a uniform magnetic field.

What is the ratio if the kinetic energy of X is half that of Y?

magnitude of electrostatic force ........................................ N

(iii) Calculate the electric field strength.

electric field strength .................................. NC –1

flux density ......................................... T

maximum kinetic energy .................................... Me V

uniform electric field uniform magnetic field

What is the direction of the magnetic field?

A out of the page and perpendicular to it

B into the page and perpendicular to it

C in the direction indicated by +y

D in the direction indicated by -y

answer = ...................................... unit ........................

(i) State the condition under which this equation applies.

A in the direction of the field.

B in the opposite direction to that of the field.

C at an angle between 0° and 90° to the field.

D at right angles to the field.

D a line parallel to the magnetic field

A A straight line in the direction of the field.

B A straight line in a direction opposite to that of the field.

C A circular arc in a plane perpendicular to the direction of the field.

D An elliptical arc in a plane perpendicular to the direction of the field.

In which direction are the charged particles deflected?

C towards the N pole of the magnet

D towards the S pole of the magnet

direction of magnetic field ......................................

A It accelerated due West.

B It slows down to zero speed and then accelerates due South.

C It continues to move North with its original speed.

D It is accelerated due North.

Q21. Particles of mass m carrying a charge Q travel in a circular path of radius r in a

mass of ion = 1.05 × 10 kg –25

(i) The strength of the magnetic field is doubled.

(ii) A singly-charged positive ion replaces the original one.

(a) uniform electric field (b) uniform magnetic field

α particle, what is the value of the ratio

A It continues to move North with its original speed.

B It slows down to zero speed and then accelerates due South.

C It is accelerated due West.

D It is accelerated due North.

(a) State the quark composition of

(ii) a positive pion, π+

The motion of the protons is in the plane of the paper.

Q30.(a) (i) State two differences between a proton and a positron.

(i) Which isotope is a beta minus emitter?

(i) Explain why the wire filament must be hot.

(i) What direction should the magnetic field be in to do this?

Q32. The diagram below shows a diagram of a mass spectrometer.

(iii) Show that the velocity selected is about 140 km s . –1