Reading Comprehension About Scientist

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READING EXERCISE: BIOGRAPHIES

Annie Jump Cannon

Born on December 11, 1863, in Dover, Delaware, Annie Jump Cannon studied physics and astronomy at
Wellesley College and went on to work at Harvard Observatory. A trailblazer for women in science, she
discovered hundreds of variable stars and devised a unique system of classification that became the universal
standard, in which she listed hundreds of thousands of stars. Cannon died in Massachusetts in 1941.

Early Life: Annie Jump Cannon was born on December 11, 1863, in Dover, Delaware. Her father, Wilson
Cannon, was a state senator, while her mother, Mary Jump, taught Annie the constellations at a young age and
ignited her interest in the stars. Cannon attended Wellesley College, where she studied physics and astronomy.
She graduated in 1884 and went on to focus on astronomy for two years at Radcliffe College.

Harvard Observatory Work: In 1896, Cannon was hired as an assistant to the staff at Harvard Observatory
under E. C. Pickering. Her hourly rate was 50 cents. In her position, Cannon joined a group of female
astronomers nicknamed "Pickering's Women." The team, which included Williamina P. S. Fleming, worked to
document and empirically classify stars. Cannon's role in the large-scale project was to study bright southern
hemisphere stars.

Cannon was known for her diligence and skill in addition to her enthusiasm and patience. She classified more
than 225,000 stars, and her work was published in the Henry Draper Catalogue over the course of nine volumes
between 1881 and 1924. In 1911, Cannon became the curator of astronomical photographs at Harvard
Observatory. She worked at astounding efficiency and was able to classify up to three stars a minute. In the
1920s, Cannon cataloged several hundred thousand stars to the 11th magnitude. She discovered 300 variable
stars, in addition to 5 novae, a class of exploding stars.

Honors and Awards: Cannon received honorary degrees from the University of Delaware, Oglethorpe
University and Mount Holyoke College. She was the first woman to receive an honorary doctorate from the
University of Oxford in 1925. She received the Henry Draper Gold Metal of the National Academy of Sciences.
Cannon was also the first woman to hold an officer position in the American Astronomical Society. The
organization currently awards the Annie J. Cannon Award to a distinguished woman astronomer at the
beginning of her career. Cannon retired in 1940. She died on April 13, 1941, in Cambridge, Massachusetts.

SHORT QUESTIONNAIRE: answer the following questions on the back of this paper.

1. Where was Annie born?


2. What did she create?
3. What was her father’s occupation?
4. Why did Annie started to feel interest in the stars?
5. When did she graduate?
6. What was Annie’s first job at Harvard Observatory?
7. How many stars did Annie classify?
8. What is a novae?
9. What did she get from Oxford University in 1925?
READING EXERCISE: BIOGRAPHIES
10. What was Annie’s profession?

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