Chem Pp1 s4 Examiners' Proj 10 QP

CHEMISTRY PP1 SERIES 4 EXAMINERS’
PROJECTION 10 QUESTION PAPERS
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PP1 PROJECTION NO. 31
Name: …………………………………………………………………………..…………….…………..
School: ……………………………………………………………………………………………………..
Index No:…………………. Candidate’s Signature: …………….…….. Date:…………………………
233/1
CHEMISTRY
PAPER 1
THEORY
TIME: 2 HOURS
INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
 Write your name and index number in the spaces provided above
 Sign and write the date of examination in the spaces provided.
 Answer all the questions in the spaces provided.
 Mathematical table and silent electronic calculators may be used.
 All working must be clearly shown where necessary.
FOR EXAMINERS USE ONLY
Question Maximum score Candidate’s score
1- 80
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1. Bromine reacted with compound Q to form a compound with structural formula.
Bromine reacted with compound Q to form a compound with structural formula.
H H Br
  
H C C C H
  
H Br H
(i) Write the structural formula of Q

(i) Write the structural formula of Q. (1 mark)
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(ii) When Q is reacted with concentrated sulphuric (VI) acid compound P is formed which further reacted with
water to form K.
I Identify substance K. (1 mark)
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II Write an equation to show how compound K reacts with sodium metal. (1 mark)
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2. The set-up below was used to prepare dry chlorine gas. Study and answer the questions that follow.
The set-up below was used to prepare dry chlorine gas. Study and answer the questions that follow.
Reagent M
Chlorine
Manganese
(IV) oxide
Water L

(a) Name reagents M and substance L.
(a) Name reagents M and substance L.
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M: ___________________________________ (½ mark)
L: ______________________________________ (½ mark)
(b) A warm red phosphorus was lowered into the gas jar of chlorine using a deflagrating spoon:
(i)State any one observation made in this experiment. (½ mark)
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(ii) Identify the substance formed in the above reaction.(½ mark)
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(c) Both substances in (ii) above undergo hydrolysis when exposed to air. Write an equation to show how
anyone of them undergoes hydrolysis. (1 mark)
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3. Steam was passed over magnesium ribbon as shown in the diagram below. Study it and answer the questions
that follow.
Combustion
Flam
tube
e
Je
t
Heat Magnesium
ribbon
Wate
r
xxxxxxxxxx
xx
Heat
(a) State one precaution which should be taken before lighting the gas at the jet. (1 mark)
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(b) Write a chemical equation for the reaction taking place in the tube.
(i) Combustion tube. (1 mark)
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(ii) Jet (burning flame). (1 mark)
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4. Two experiments were carried out as follows and the volume of hydrogen gas evolved measured at
intervals of 10 seconds for 100 seconds.
(i) 8cm of magnesium ribbon was added to 1M hydrochloric acid.
(ii) 8cm of magnesium ribbon was added to 0.5M hydrochloric acid.
Graphs of volume of hydrogen evolved against time were plotted thus:
B
Volume of
A
hydrogen (cm)
Time (min)
(a)Which of the graphs was obtained for reaction (i) Explain? (2 marks)
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(b) Explain the general shape of graphs. (1 mark)
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5. The set-up of diagram shown below is used to prepare dry nitrogen gas from air. Study it and answer
the questions that follow.
Suction pump
Drying agent
Burning candle Sodium hydroxide
solution
(a) What is the purpose of using.
(i) A burning candle. (½ mark)
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(ii) Sodium hydroxide solution. (½ mark)
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(b) Name:
(i) One impurity present in nitrogen gas prepared. (½ mark)
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(ii) A suitable drying agent used. (½ mark)

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(c) Give two uses of nitrogen gas. (1 mark)
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6. (i) Using a dot (.) and cross (x) show how NH 4 ion is formed from NH3 molecule and H+ ion.(2 marks)
(ii) State the type of bond that exists between the NH3 and H+ ion.(½ mark)
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(iii) Molecular substances have low melting points. Give one reason why they have low melting points.(½ mark)
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7.Study the information in the table below and answer questions that follows:
Ions Electron arrangement Ionic radius

Na+ 2, 8 0.95
K2+ 2, 8, 8 0.133
Mg2+ 2, 8 0.065
Explain why the ionic radius of:
(a) K+ is greater than that of Na+. (1 mark)
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(c) Mg2+ is smaller than that of Na+. (2 marks)
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8.(a)Differentiate between exothermic and endothermic reaction.1 mrk)
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(b) The table below gives bond energies of some covalent compound.
Bond Bond energy KJ mol-1
C–H 413
O=O 497
C=O 804
H-O 464
Calculate the enthalpy change for the combustion of methane in excess oxygen gas. (2 marks)
9. The grid below shows part of the periodic table. Study it and answer the questions that follow.
The letters do not represent the true symbols of the elements.
T V S
W Q R U
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(a) Which element forms ion with the charge of -3. (½ mark)
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(b) What is the nature of oxide formed by Q. (½ mark)
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(c) Using crosses (X) and dots (.), show how the ion of S is formed.1mrk
10. (a) Define Grahams law of diffusion. (1 mark)
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(b) Given that the density of g X is 1.4290  10-3g/cm³ and the density of gas Y is 1.2506  10g/cm³. How many
times will gas X diffuse faster than Y? (2 marks)
11. Excess concentrated sulphuric (VI) acid was mixed with pieces of dry wood as shown below.
Concentrated sulphur (VI) acid
Dry wood
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(a) State the observation made. Explain. (1 mark)
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(b) When the reaction was complete, the mixture was heated gently, then strongly and set-up adjusted as shown
below.
Acidified potassium
dichromate (VI) solution
Explain the observation made on acidified potassium dichromate (VI) solution. (2 marks)
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12. The following diagrams shows the structure of two allotropes of carbon. Study them and answer the
questions that follow.
A B
(a) Name the allotropes. (1 mark)
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A _____________________________________________________
B _____________________________________________________
(b) Give one use of A. (½ mark)
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(c) Which allotrope conducts electricity? Explain. (1½ marks)
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13. Write half equations for the electrode reactions when molten sodium chloride is electrolysed using
graphite electrodes.
Anode. (1 mark)
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Cathode. (1 mark)
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14.Give two reasons why helium is used in weather balloons. (2 marks)

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15. 80g of a saturated calcium chloride was prepared at 25C. Calculate mass of calcium chloride and mass
of water used to prepare a saturated solution given that the solubility of calcium chloride at 25C is 72g/100g
of water. (3 marks)
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16. Sulphur (IV) oxide and nitrogen (IV) oxide react as shown in the equation below.
SO2( g )  NO 2( g )  SO3( g )  NO ( g )
(i) Using oxidation number of either sulphur or nitrogen show that this is a redox reaction. (2 marks)
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(ii) Identify the reducing agent. (1 mark)
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17. Study the reaction scheme below and answer the questions that follow.
Few White Step I Colourless

Solution W
drops precipitate R solution Z
Excess
NaOH(aq)
Exces NaOH(aq)
Step II HNO3(aq)
s
NH3(aq
White ) Colourless
precipitate X solution T
(a) What property of the white precipitate R is demonstrated by steps I and II. (1 mark)
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(b) If the metal ion in solution W is divalent suggest its identity. (1mark)
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(c)Write an ionic equation for the reaction taking place in step I. (1mark)
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18. The PH – values of various solutions are given in the table below. Study it and answer the equations
that follow.
Solution PH – value
W 14.0
X 6.0
Y 7.0
Z 2.0
(a) Select a pair of solutions that if reacted would have the highest heat change of the reaction (DHR). Give
a reason for your answer. 2mrks
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(b) Select the solutions in which a sample of aluminium oxide is likely to dissolve. (1 mark)
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19. Describe how a sample of lead (II) chloride can be prepared using the following reagents:
- Dilute nitric acid.
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- Dilute hydrochloric acid and lead (II) carbonate. (3 marks)
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20. (a) Radioactive isotope decays as shown below.
82 Pb  m  n
Rn206
222
86
Determine the values of m and n. (2 marks)
(b)Give one harmful effect of exposure to radioactive emission. (1 mark)
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21. The diagram below represents a paper chromatogram of pure W, X and Y. A mixture K contains W
and Y only. Indicate on the diagram the chromatogram of K. (2 marks)

Origin

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Prefer Calling Amobi Group of Examiners @
* * * 0743 333*000 or 0706 851 439 for Marking Schemes
W X Y K
(i) Show the solvent front. (1 mark)
22. A compound has an empirical formula C3H6O and relative formula mass of 116.
(a)Determine its molecular formula. (H = 1, C = 12, O = 16). (2 marks)
(b) Calculate the percentage composition of carbon by mass in the compound. (1 mark)
23. In the laboratory hydrogen sulphide gas is prepared by the action of dilute hydrochloric acid on metal
sylphides.
(a)Name the metal sulphide that can be used in preparing the gas. (1mrk)
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(b) Write down the equation for the reaction in (a) above. (1 mark)
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(c) Give one chemical test for hydrogen sulphide gas. (1 mark)
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24. The table below gives atomic numbers of elements represented by the letters A, B, C and D.
Elements A B C D
Atomic numbers 15 16 17 20
Use the information to answer the questions that follow.
(a) Name the type of bonding that exists in the compound formed when A and D react. (1 mark)
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(b) Select the letters which represents the best oxidizing agent. Give a reason for your answer. (2 marks)
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25. Element T is in period 2 of the periodic table and forms a stable ion, T2+.
(a) State the atomic number of element Q which is directly below T in the periodic table.(1 mark)
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(b) Compare the reactivity of T and Q with chlorine. (2 marks)
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26. 20.0cm³ of a solution containing 4.5gdmˉ³ of sodium hydroxide reacted exactly with 24.0cm³ of dilute
sulphuric acid solution, using methyl orange as indicator. Calculate the molarity of the sulphuric acid.
(3 marks)
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27. Ammonia is produced in large scale by Haber process.
(i) Write an equation for the formation of ammonia gas.(1 mark)
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(ii) State two optimum condition for obtaining a high yield of ammonia in the process. (2 marks)
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28. The table below gives elements represented by letters which are not the actual symbols.
Element U V W X Y Z
Atomic No. 8 12 13 15 17 20
(i)Select an element that can form divalent anion. (1 mark)

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(ii) What is the structure of the oxide of W? (1 mark)
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(iii) Compare the atomic radius of W and X. (1 mark)
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Name: …………………………………………………………………………..…………….…………..
School: ……………………………………………………………………………………………………..
233/1
CHEMISTRY
PAPER 1
THEORY
TIME: 2 HOURS
1- 80
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1. During the extraction of copper from copper pyrite (CuFeS2), some of the processes include.
(i) Crushing the ore.
(ii) Mixing the crushed ore with water, oil and bubbling air through it.
(iii) Roasting the ore.
a) What name is given to process (ii) and give its use. (1 ½ mk)
Name……………………………………………………
Use……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
b) Write equation for roasting of the copper pyrite. (1mk)

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c) Give one use of the copper metal. (1mk)

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2. Aluminium chloride solution changes the blue litmus paper red. Explain this observation. ( 1½mks)
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3. The set up below was made by a form four student. At the start of the experiment, the bulb did not light.
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a) State and explain the observation made when Cl2(g) was bubbled in the water for about 10 minutes. (2mks)
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b) Write the chemical equation for the reaction which took place at the cathode. (1mk)
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The flow chart below shows some properties of two allotropes of element P.
Above 950C
Allotrope A Allotrope B
Below 950C
Burning in air Burning in air
Product P
i) Name the allotrope A. (1mk)

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ii) Write an equation to show formation of product P. (1mk)
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iii) What does 950C represent? (1mk)

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4.a) 100g of a radio isotope was reduced to 12.5g after 81days. Calculate the half-life of the radio isotope. (2mks)
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212
b) 80 x decays by beta emission. What is the mass number and the atomic number the element produced after the
decay? (1mk)
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6. Boilers used for boiling hard water are normally covered with boiler scale after sometime.
a) What is the chemical name for the boiler scale? (1mk)
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b) How is the boiler scale removed? (1mk)
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c) State any one advantage of using hard water. (1mk)
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7. a) Name the following compounds
O
i) CH3CH2CH2 C OH ………………………………………………..… (1mk)
ii)CH3COOCH2CH2CH3………………………………………………………….. (1mk)
b) Complete the following equation.
H H
C = C +O Cold dilute
H H H+,KMnO4
‘
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8. Two samples of a similar substance from different containers were investigated. The graph below
represents the variation of temperature with time when heated.
a) Explain the variation in the curves of:

Sample I (1mk)
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Sample II (1mk)
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b) Common salt is sprinkled on roads during winter in temperate countries. Explain. (1mk)
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9. a) Write an ionic equation for the reaction between copper II ions in solution and excess ammonia solution. (1mk)
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b) Name the complex ion formed in the reaction in (a) above. (1mk)
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10. The chart below shows the last stages in the manufacture of sulphuric acid using the contact process.
Sulphur (IV) CHAMBER I CHAMBER II

Oxide
S
R
a) Identify substances R and S (2mks)

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b) Write an equation for the reaction taking place in chamber II. (1mk)
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11. a) State Boyle’s Law. (1mk)
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b) On the axes below sketch a graph of pressure against volume.(1mk)
Volume
Pressure
c) Explain the shape of the graph terms of kinetic theory. (1mk)

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12. a) Aluminium is reactive metal yet most household utensils are made up using it. Explain. (1mk)
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b) It is not advisable to use wood ash to wash aluminium utensils. Explain (1mk)
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c) i) Define the term alloy (1mk)
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ii) Duralumin is an alloy used for making aircraft components. What is its constituent? (1mk)
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13. The following information is for two chlorides of element A and B.
Chloride Mpt (0C) Bpt(0C) Solubility in 100g of water Solubility in 100g of benzene
800 1140 38 0.07
23 77 0.08 Very soluble
a) Which chloride has a molecular structure? Explain. (1mk)

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b) Which of the elements A and B could be a metal? Explain. (1mk)
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c) Explain the differences in solubility of the chloride in water. (1mk)
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14. The table below shows the PH values of solutions J to N
Solution J K L M N
PH 5 13 2 10 7
b) Which solution.
i) Contains the largest concentration of hydroxide ions? (1mk)
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ii) Is likely to be a solution of acetic acid? (1mk)
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b) In the equation below, identify the reagent that acts as an acid in the forward reaction. Give a reason. (2mks)
NH4+(aq)+H2O(l) NH3(aq)+H3O+(aq)
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15. Hydrogen sulphide was bubbled into solutions of metallic nitrates as represented in the flow chart below.
Hydrogen sulphide
Blue Solution Brown solution
Black solid Y Green solution Y
a) Identify two solutions (2mks)

I. Blue solution
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I. Green solution
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16. A polymer has the following structure.
6. A polymer has the following structure.
CH2 CH CH2 CH CH2 CH
CN CN CN
A
A sample
sample of
ofthis
thispolymer
polymerisisfound
foundtoto
have a molecular
have mass
a molecular of 5194.Determine
mass the number
of 5194.Determine of of monomers in
the number
the polymer (H=1.0, C=12.0,N=14.0) (2mks)
17. Study the diagram below and answer the questions.
a) On the diagram mark the base line. (1mk)

b) Name the dyes which are in M. (1mk)
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c) Which mixture of dyes has the dye with lowest solubility? Explain. (1mk)
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18. The following is energy level diagram for the reaction.
1 1
A2 ( g )  B2 ( g )  AB( g )
2 2
a) Calculate the activation energy for this reaction. (1mk)
b) Calculate the enthalpy change (H ) for the reaction. (1mk)
19. Use the information below to answer the questions that follow:
Equation: Enthalpy of formation
1
i) H2 ( g )  O2 ( g )  H2 O(l ) H1  286 kJmol 1
2
ii) C( s )  O2( g )  CO2( g ) H2  394 kJmol 1
1
iii) 2C( s )  3H2 ( g )  O2 ( g )  C2 H2 OH (l ) H3  277 kJmol 1
2
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Calculate the molar enthalpy of combustion of ethanol. Given that:
C2 H5 OH(l )  3O2 ( g )  2CO2 ( g )  3H2 O(l )
(3mks)
20. A given element Q has atomic number of 14 and consists of isotopes as shown below.
Isotope X Y Z
Isotopic mass 28 29 30
Percentage abundance 92.2 4.7 3.1
a) Determine the relative atomic mass of Q. (2mks)
b) State the group and period to which Q belongs.
Group ……………………………………………… ( ½ mk)
Period ……………………………………………… ( ½ mk)

21. Study the following equilibrium equation.
2 A2 ( g )  B2 ( g ) 2 A2 B( g ) H  197 KJmol 1
a) Suggest two ways of increasing the yield of A2B. (2mks)

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b) Draw the energy level diagram for the forward reaction. (1mk)
22. Study the diagram below and answer the questions that follow. The diagram shows the method used to
separate components of mixture Q. (1mk)
a) Name X and Y. (1mk)
X …………………………………………………
Y………………………………………………….
b) What is the purpose of apparatus X? (1mk)
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c) Show the direction of flow of cold water used for cooling the vapour formed. (½mk)
d) What name is given to the above method of separating mixtures?1mk
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23. The set up below was used by students to collect dry chlorine gas.
KMnO4
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a) Identify with reasons, two faults in the set up (2mks)
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b) Give another reagent that can be used in the place of potassium manganate. ( ½ mk)
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24. The following are standard electrode potentials for the given half-cells.
E  Volts
Zn 2  ( aq )  2e   Zn ( s )  0.76
Pb 2  ( aq )  2e   Pb( s )  0.13
Fe 2   2e   Fe ( s )  0.44
Ag   e  Ag ( s )   0.80
Cu 2   2e  Cu ( s )  0.34
a) Which one of the above is the
i) Strongest reducing agent? ( ½ mk)
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ii) Strongest oxidizing agent? ( ½ mk)
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b) What would be observed when a zinc rod is dipped into a solution containing copper II ions? Explain using
E values. (2mks)
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Page 31 of 143
25. State the conditions under which ammonia gives the following products when heated.
i) Nitrogen and hydrogen. (1mk)
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ii) Nitrogen and water. (1mk)
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iii) Nitrogen(ii) oxide and water. (1mk)
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26. The elements P,R,Q,S has atomic numbers 11, 14, 17 and 18 respectively
a) Which of the elements is the most electronegative? Explain (1mk)
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b) Which of the elements would react most vigorously with cold water? (1mk)
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27. A student lowered burning magnesium in gas jar of sulphur (IV) oxide as shown the diagram below.
SO2
Page 32 of 143
a) Explain the observation made in the gas jar. (1mk)
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b) Write the equation of the reaction that takes place in the gas jar. (1mk)
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Page 33 of 143
Name: …………………………………………………………………………..…………….…………..
School: ……………………………………………………………………………………………………..
233/1
CHEMISTRY
PAPER 1
THEORY
TIME: 2 HOURS
1- 80
Page 34 of 143
1.a) Name the process used to separate two solids both soluble in the same solvent when the
Solids are both present in the mixture (l mk)
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b) Sodium chloride is neither deliquescent nor hygroscopic. Explain why common salt left on a table
overnight becomes wet (2 mks)
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2. A liquid is added dropwise to 10 cm3 of house-hold ammonia solution. The pH value is noted after the
addition of every 10 drops and plotted on the graph below.
From the evidence of this graph only, what is the nature of the liquid added? Explain you answer (2mks)
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3. The following chromatogram was obtained in an experiment to investigate the components present in
certain dyes.
Page 35 of 143
a). Which two dyes when mixed would produce A? (lmk)
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b) Which dye is pure? (lmk)
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c). Indicate on the diagram the probable position of the solvent front. (lmk)
4. a) The pH of 0.001M solution of hydrochloric acid is about the same as the pH of 0.IM solution of
ethanoic (acetic) acid. Explain (2mks)
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b) In a reaction dilute hydrochloric acid was added to a colourless solution, a white precipitate which
dissolved on warming was formed. Write an ionic equation for the formation of the white precipitate (lmk)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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5. Element R has atomic number 8 and mass number 16.
a) Draw the atomic structure of element R (lmk)
b) Write is the formula of the ion of element R (lmk)

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c) Explain why R forms a hydroxide with low boiling point (lmk)
Page 36 of 143
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6. The following were the results obtained in an experiment to determine solubility of potassium
nitrate at room temperature.
Mass of evaporating dish 14.32g
Mass of evaporating dish + solution = 35.70g
Mass of evaporating dish + salt =18.60g
a). What is solubility? ( 1 mk)
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b). Calculate the solubility of potassium nitrate from the specimen results (2mks)
7. a)Write an equation to show how carbon (IV) oxide can be obtained from limestone (CaCO3) by heating
(1 mk)
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b) Give two properties of Carbon (IV) Oxide that makes it suitable for use in
i) Extinguishing fire (lmk)
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ii) Making of Fizzy drinks (lmk)
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8. An element X has a Relative atomic mass of 88. When a current of 0.5 amps was passed through the
fused chloride of X for 32 minutes 10 seconds, 0.44g of X was deposited at the cathode.
(1F = 96500C). a) Calculate the number of faradays needed to liberate 1 mole of X (2mks)
Page 37 of 143
b). Write the formula of the chloride of X (1 mk)
9. When a grey powder P, which has no action on cold water, is placed into a salt solution of Q, a brown
solid R is deposited. The blue solution of Q, fades giving way to a green solution.
a) Name the type of reaction that takes place (1 mk)
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b) Identify solids P and R (2mks)
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10. The diagram below shows effect of surface area on the rate of reaction
On the same diagram sketch the graph that would be obtained if smaller pieces of marble were used. Explain
your answer using the kinetic theory of matter (2mks)
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Page 38 of 143
11. The set-up below was used to investigate the effect of dry hydrogen gas on hot copper (ii) oxide powder.
Explain what is observed in the combustion tube during the experiment (3mks)
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12. Consider the reversible reaction below
Explain how each of the following factors would affect the concentration of hydrogen iodide
a) Increase in temperature (1 ½ mks)
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b) Adding helium gas (1 ½ mks)
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Page 39 of 143
13. You are provided with three black powders known to be copper (ii) oxide, manganese (iv) oxide and
iron (ii) sulphide. How would you distinguish between the three using hydrochloric acid only (3mks)
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14. a) Tap water produces a precipitate with sodium carbonate solution. Explain (1 mk)
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b) State one advantage and one disadvantage of using the water in (a) above in industry.
i) Advantages (l mk)
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ii) Disadvantages (lmk)
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15. a) Potassium manganate (VII) reacts with chloride salts to produce chlorine. Both chlorine and
potassium manganate (VII) are strong oxidizing agents. Which one of the two is the stronger oxidizing agent?
Explain your answer (2mks)
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b) Chlorine and sulphur (IV) oxide are bleaching agents; explain the difference in their bleaching action ( lmk)
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Page 40 of 143
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16. Calculate the number of molecules of water of crystallization in oxalic acid crystals, H2C2O4. XH2O,
from the following data.
5g of the crystals were made up to 250cm3 of this solution required 15.9cm3 of 0.5M sodium hydroxide to
neutralize it. (H=1, C=12, 0 16, H20 18) (3mks)
17. The set-up below shows the catalytic oxidation of ammonia in laboratory
One of the observations made in the tube is that the platinum wire stays red-hot even though it is no longer
heated.
a) Explain this observation (lmk)
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b) State another observation made in the conical flask (1 mk)
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c) Write an equation for the catalytic oxidation of ammonia (lmk)
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18. Two carbon electrodes were placed in a flask containing 50cm3 of 0.1 M barium hydroxide solution and
connected in series with the 12 volt supply of direct current electricity and a lamp.
1.0M sulphuric acid was slowly run into the solution from a burette until neutralization occurred.
a) What would you see in the flask when the first few drops of acid are added? (1 mk)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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b) At the neutrality point, the lamp ceases to glow, explain why? (1 mk)
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c)What would you see if more 1.0 M sulphuric acid were now added? (lmk)
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19. Use the standard electrode potentials given below to answer the questions that follow.
a) Which is the weakest reducing agent? (l mk)

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Page 42 of 143
b) Below is the cell representation between the Zinc and Lead half cells.
i) What is the role of KCl? (lmk)

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ii) Explain why the above cell cannot function (1 mk)
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20. Use the information in the table below to answer the questions that follow
If the two salts, Lithium chloride and potassium chloride were dissolved in water separately, which solution
will its temperature be above and which solution will its temperature be below
room temperature? Explain your answer (3mks)
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Page 43 of 143
21. Study the setup below and answer the questions that follow.
a) What is the role of solution A? (lmk)

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b) Name gas X (lmk)
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c) Which property of carbon makes it suitable to be used in the combustion tube above? (1 mk)
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22. Study the flow chart below and use it to answer the questions that follow
Page 44 of 143
Identify substances below (2mks)
K………………………………………………
W………………………………………….…
Y ………………………………………………
Z………………………………………………..
23. 10g of an organic compound contains carbon, hydrogen and oxygen only produced 14.7g of carbon (iv)
oxide and 6.3g of steam when completely burned in excess oxygen. If the relative molecular mass of the
compound is 60. Determine the molecular formula of Z (C=12, 0=16, H=1) (3mks)
24. 100cm3 of 2M sulphuric acid was electrolyzed using the set-up represented by the diagram below.
a) Identify the anode and the cathode (label on the diagram) (1 mk)
b) What is the effect on the electrolyte by the end of the experiment (1 mk)
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Page 45 of 143
25. study the information in the diagram below and answer the questions that follow. ( the letters do not
represent the actual symbols of the elements)
a). What is the general name given to the group in which elements P, Q and R belong? (1 mk)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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b). What is meant by ionization energy? (1 mk)
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c). Explain why element P has the highest ionization energy(1 mk)
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26. The graph below shows part of a temperature time curve obtained when solid naphthalene was heated.
Explain what happens to the naphthalene molecules along the curves

a) JK (lmk)
Page 46 of 143
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b) KL (lmk)
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27. Oleum (H2S207) is an intermediate product in the industrial manufacture of sulphuric acid.
a). How is Oleum converted to sulphuric acid? (1 mk)
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B) Why is the reaction below discouraged (1 mk)
SO3(g)+H2O(l) H2SO4(al)
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28. Air is passed through several reagents as shown in the flow diagram below
Name one gas which escapes from chamber C. Give a reason for your answer (3mks)
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Page 47 of 143
29. The table below shows the ions of elements W, X, Y, Z and their electronic configuration
a) Which two elements belong to the same period? (1 mk)

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b) In which group does ion Y3+ belong? (1 mk)

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Page 48 of 143
Name: …………………………………………………………………………..…………….…………..
School: ……………………………………………………………………………………………………..
233/1
CHEMISTRY
PAPER 1
THEORY
TIME: 2 HOURS
1- 80
Page 49 of 143
1. The diagram below represents a chromatogram of different pigments of a leaf extract.
Y
A
i
B
X
a) Name a suitable solvent for the dye. (1mark)
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b) State with a reason, the least soluble pigment in the solvent used.2mrks
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c) Name the part labeled Y in the diagram above. (1mark)
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2. The table below shows PH values of solutions A, B, C and D
Solution A B C D
PH 1 7 10 13
(a)Which solution produces bubbles of a gas with zinc metal? Explain.2mrks

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(b) Which solution is the most likely to be that of wood ash. (1mark)
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Page 50 of 143
3. Corrosion of aluminium is useful while corrosion of iron is harmful.
a. Explain why corrosion of aluminium is useful. (1mark)
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b. Explain how painting prevents corrosion in iron. (1mark)
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4. Study the flow chart below and answer questions that follow.
Black solid T
Brown gas L +
Dilute
Oxygen
HNO3 (aq) Heat
Light blue
Light Blue
Crystals X
SolutionB
Process V
a) Identify the following; (2marks)

(i) Solid T …………………………………………………
(ii) Gas L …………………………………………………
b) Describe how process V is carried out. (2marks)
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Page 51 of 143
5. Study the set up below and answer the questions that follow;
a) Identify gas D (1mark)

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b) Write an equation for the reaction taking place
a. In the combustion tube. (1mark)
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b. When gas D burns
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c) What would be observed at the end of the experiment in the boiling tube? (1mark)
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6. The diagram below represents a burning jiko.
Page 52 of 143
a) Write down the equation for the reactions taking place at; (2marks)
B
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C
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c) Why is it dangerous to use a jiko in a closed room? (1mark)

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7.
a. State Charles law (1mark)
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b. The capacity of a balloon to hold a gas at 50C is 1dm3 before it bursts due to expansion. Show whether it
will hold or not at 350C if pressure remains constant. (3marks)
8.
a) State two differences between chemical reactions and nuclear reactions. (2marks)
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Page 53 of 143
b. Below is a radioactive decay series starting from 214 Bi and ending with
83
206 Pb
Step 1 Step III
214
82 Bi 210 Ti Step II 210 Pb 210 Bi
83 81 82 83
Step IV
Step V
206 Pb 210 Po
82 84
i.Identify the particles emitted in Step I and II (1mark)
Step I ………………………………………………………………………..
Step II ……………………………………………………………………………
ii.Write the nuclear reaction for the reaction which takes place is step V (1mark)
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9. If it takes 30 seconds for 100cm3 of Carbon (IV) Oxide to diffuse across a porous plate, how long will it
take 150cm3 of nitrogen (IV) Oxide to diffuse across the same plate under similar conditions?
(C = 12, N = 14, O = 16) (3marks)
10. A hydrocarbon slowly decolourises bromine liquid in the presence of sunlight but does not decolourise
acidified potassium manganate (VII). Name and draw the structural formula of the fourth member of the series
to which the hydrocarbon belongs. (2marks)
Page 54 of 143
11. Study the information given in the table below and answer the question below the table.
Bond Bond energy kJ/mol
C-H 414
H-Cl 431
Cl-Cl 244
C-Cl 326
Calculate the enthalpy change for the reaction. (3marks)

CH4 (g) + Cl2 (g) U.V CH3Cl (g) + HCl (g)
12.
a. In terms of structure and bonding. Explain why water (H2O) is a liquid at room temperature while
Hydrogen sulphide (H2S) is a gas. (2marks)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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a. Below is a structure of Aluminium Chloride.
b. Below is a structure of Aluminium Chloride.
Cl Cl Cl
Al Al
B
A
Cl Cl Cl
Page 55 of 143
Identify
Prefer Calling the
Amobi bond
Group labeled
of Examiners @ 0743 333 000 or 0706 851 439 for Marking Schemes
Identify the bond labeled
A ………………………………………………………
B ………………………………………………………
13. One litre of a gas has a mass of 1.16g at s.t.p. Analysis shows that this gas contains 92.31% carbon and
7.69% hydrogen.(C=12,H=1, Molar gas volume at s.t.p = 22.4dm3)
a. Determine the empirical formula of the compound. (2marks)
b. Find the molecular formula of the gas. (2marks)
14.
a) Define allotropy. (1mark)

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b. The properties of the two allotropes of sulphur designated A and B are given in the table below. Study the
table and identify allotropes A and B.
A B
Appearance of crystals Transparent amber crystals Translucent yellow crystals
Density (g/cm3) 1.98 2.08
Melting point (0C) 119 114
Stability( 0C) Above 96 Below 96
Page 56 of 143
A ………………………………………………………………. (1mark)
B …………………………………………………………………………. (1mark)
15. When a candle was burnt completely, the total mass of the products was found to be greater than the original
mass of the candle. Explain (2marks)
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16. 0.63g of lead powder was dissolved in excess nitric (v) acid to form lead (II) nitrate solution. The
entire lead (II) nitrate was reacted with sodium sulphate solution.
a) Write an ionic equation for the reaction between lead (II) nitrate and Sodium sulphate solution. (1mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
b) Calculate the mass of lead salt formed in (a) above. (Pb=207, S=32, O=16) (2marks)
17. Study the set up below and answer questions that follow.
State and explain the observations that would be made when the circuit is completed. (3marks)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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Page 57 of 143
18. Chlorofluorocarbons are serious gaseous pollutants. Explain. (3marks)
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19. The equation below represents an equilibrium reaction between chromate ions and dichromate ions.
2CrO-4(aq) + 2H+ (aq) Cr2O2-7(aq) + H2O (l)
(Yellow) (Orange)
a) What is meant by the term dynamic equilibrium (1mark)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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b) State and explain the observation made if dilute sulphuric (VI) acid is added to the equilibrium
mixture. (2marks)
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20. The diagram below shows part of the Solvay process.
Brine saturated Carbon (IV) oxide

With ammonia B A Solid Y
Solid X
NH4Cl (aq) C
NaHCO3(s)
Page 58 of 143
a. Name solid X (1mark)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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b. State the process taking place in chamber C (1mark)
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c. State two uses of Sodium carbonate. (2marks)
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21. Study the diagram below and answer the questions that follow.
a) Identify black solid F (1mark)

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b) Name one other metal that could be used instead of copper wire. (1mark)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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c) Write a chemical equation for the reaction taking place in flask 2 (1mark)
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Page 59 of 143
22. Use the information in the table below to determine the relative atomic mass of copper. (2marks)
Isotope Fractional abundance
65 Cu
29 0.31
63 Cu
29 0.69
23. Below is an ionic electronic structure of element X.
2+
XX
X
X X
X X
X
XX
Write down its:

(i) Valency ……………………………………………….. (½ mark)
(ii) Group …………………………………………………… (½ mark)
(iii)Period ………………………………………………………. (1mark)
(iv) Formula of its chloride ………………………………………….(1mark)

24.
a. Explain why hard water flowing in lead pipes may be safer for drinking than soft water flowing in the same
pipes. (3marks)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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Page 60 of 143
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b. Identify the ions responsible for hardness of water. (1mark)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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25. The table below shows the observations made on tests carried out on a colourless liquid sample.
Tests Observation
Addition of excess NH3(aq) White precipitate
Addition of dilute H2SO4(aq) White precipitate
Addition of AgNO3(aq) White precipitate
Identify;
(i) Cation in the sample. (1mark)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(ii) Anion in the sample (1mark)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
26. Describe a chemical test that you would use to distinguish between nitrogen (I) oxide and nitrogen
(II)oxide. (3marks)
Page 61 of 143
Name: …………………………………………………………………………..…………….…………..
School: ……………………………………………………………………………………………………..
233/1
CHEMISTRY
PAPER 1
THEORY
TIME: 2 HOURS
1- 80
Page 62 of 143
1. Below is a Bunsen burner flame.
a) Describe how this type of flame is produced. (1mk)

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
b) Label on the diagram the least hot part of the flame. (1mk)
c) Name the gas produced by a burning candle that is a non –pollutant. (1mk)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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35
2. The element X can be represented as 17 X
a) How many neutrons are contained in X? (1mk)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
b) Use the data in the table below to calculate the relative atomic mass of X from the masses and percentage
abundance. (2mks)
Mass Percentage abundance
35 90
36 4
37 6
3. a) Write a chemical equation for the reaction that occur when Carbon (iv) oxide gas is bubbled in
calcium hydroxide solution. (1mk)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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Page 63 of 143
b) Give a reason why Potassium hydroxide solution is not used to identify carbon (IV) oxide in the laboratory.
(2mks)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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4. Below are standard electrode potentials for two half cells.
A  (aq )  e   A( s ) E  0 .80V
B2  (aq )  2e   B( s ) E  0 .76V
i) Write the cell represented when the two half cells are combined to give an electrochemical cell. (1mk)
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
ii) Write the cell equation for the reaction that occur when the two half cells are combined. (1mk)
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
iii) Calculate the e.m.f of the electrochemical cell formed from A and B. (1mk)
5. Study the diagram below and answer the questions that follow.
Page 64 of 143
a) State and explain the observations made after two weeks. (2mks)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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b) Give one reason for Silver plating an Iron spoon. (1mk)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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6. In a neutralization reaction, Sodium carbonate solution was dissolved in water and the solution made to
250cm3. 25cm3 of this solution neutralized 20cm3 of 0.25Mnitric acid. Calculate the mass of Sodium
carbonate that was dissolved in water. (3mks)
7. A chromatogram of enzymes A and E and three simple sugars are shown below.
Which two simple sugars are present in D and E. (2mks)

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Page 65 of 143
8. When a piece of burning magnesium is lowered into a gas jar of sulphur (iv) oxide it continues to burn
for sometime.
a) State and explain the observations made. (3mks)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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b) Write a chemical equation for the reaction which occurred. (1mk)
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9. a) A hydrocarbon consists of 92.3% carbon. It’s molecular mass is 26. Calculate it’s molecular formula.
(2mks)
.
b) Draw the structure of the hydrocarbon. (1mk)
10. Study the flow chart below and answer the questions that follow:
Brown gas
HEAT
SOLID F
Yellow Add dil. HNO3 (aq) Colourless

solution
SOLID
Add Dil.
HCl
White
precipitate
Page 66 of 143
a) Identify the cation and anion present in solid F. (2mks)
I. Cation
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
II. Anion
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
b) Write ionic equation for the formation of the white precipitate. (1mk)
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
11. Hydrogen sulphide gas is slightly soluble in water. The reaction is given by equation below.
H2 S(aq ) H+(aq)+HS-(aq)
State and explain the effect of addition of Potassium hydroxide pellets on the concentration of hydrogen
sulphide. (3mks)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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12. a) Calculate the enthalpy of formation of Carbon (ii) oxide from the data below. (3mks)
C( s )  O2 ( g )  CO2( g ) H=-393Kj/mol
1
CO( g )  O2( g )  CO2( g )
2  H=-283KJ/mol
b) State one disadvantage of using Carbon (II) oxide as a fuel. (1mk)

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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13. a) Explain why melting point of chlorine gas is greater than that of Argon. (1mk)
Page 67 of 143
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
b) Using dot (●) and cross (x) to represent electrons draw a diagram to show bonding in carbon (iv) oxide.
(1mk)
c) In terms of structure explain why Graphite is used as a lubricant. (1mk)

.................................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................
14. The diagram below show what’s produced when Nitrogen (iv) oxide gas is passed over heated Zinc
granules.
Dry
No2(g)
i) Identify gas H. (1mk)

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
ii) Write an equation for the reaction that produces gas H. (1mk)
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
iii) Using oxidation numbers, explain why the production of gas H is a reduction process. (1mk)
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
Page 68 of 143
15. Given
Eθv
Zn 2  ( aq )  Ze   Zn ( s )  0 .76
Pb 2  ( aq )  Ze   Pb( s )  0 .33
Draw an electrochemical cell indicating the direction of electron flow. (3mks)
1. 16. An organic
An organic compound
compound J reactsJ with
reacts with Sodium
Sodium hydroxide
hydroxide to form
to form another another
with with the formula:
the formula:
H O
H C C
H ONa
a) Name the compound J. (1mk)
a) Name the compound J. (1mk)

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
b) Write an equation to show how reaction occurs. (1mk)
................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
c) Give one use of compound J. (1mk)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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17. At 400C, 25cm3 of aqueous Potassium nitrate has a concentration of 0.22 moles. Calculate the solubility
of the Potassium nitrate. (K=39,N=14,O=16) (3mks)
Page 69 of 143
18. Starting with distilled water and solid Lead (II) nitrate; describe how a sample of Lead (II) carbonate can
be prepared. (3mks)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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19. On the grid provided, sketch curves of volume of Hydrogen gas produced against time when
Magnesium ribbon reacts with 1M,1.5M and 2M hydrochloric acid. (3mks)
20. In the manufacture of Sodium by electrolysis, why is Calcium chloride added to the molten electrolyte? (1mk)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
21. When a piece of Magnesium ribbon is placed
a) in 1M Hydrochloric acid, bubbles of a colourless gas re produced more vigorously than in 1M Ethanoic
acid. Explain (2mks)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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Page 70 of 143
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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b) Write ionic equation for the reaction between magnesium and 1M hydrochloric acid. (1mk)
.................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
22. a) Differentiate using equations, the bleaching action of Sulphur (IV) oxide and chlorine gas. (2mks)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
b) Apart from bleaching, state the use of Sulphur (IV) oxide. (1mk)
..................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
23. Study the table below.
Element Atomic Radius (nm) Ionic radius(nm)
W 0.133 0.095
X 0.121 0.185
Y 0.117 0.088
Z 0.113 0.146
a) Identify the most reactive non-metal. Explain. (2mks)

................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
b) Name the type of bond in a compound formed between W and Z. (1mk)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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24. Study the diagram showing extraction of Sulphur from underground deposit.
Page 71 of 143
a) i) State the role of substance X. (1mk)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
ii) Name substances Y and Z.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
b) Give one use of sulphur. (1mk)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
25. When 0.8g of Ammonium nitrate was dissolved in 100cm3 of water, the temperature changed from 240C
to 220C.Calculate the molar enthalpy of dissolution. (3mks)
N=14,H=1,O=16; specific heat capacity of water is 4.2Jg-1K-1; density of water is 1gcm-3.
26. When a few drops of aqueous ammonia is added to solution A, a white precipitate is formed. The white
precipitate dissolves when excess ammonia solution is added.
a) Identify the cation present in solution A. (1mk)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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Page 72 of 143
b) Write ionic equation for the production of the white precipitate.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
c) Give the formula of the complex ion formed when excess ammonia solution is added to solution A. (1mk)
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
27. a) What is observed when a few drops of phenolphthalein indicator is added to a solution whose pH
value is 3.0? (1mk)
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
b) Write an equation for the reaction between:
i) Lead (ii) oxide and dilute Nitric acid. (1mk)
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
ii) Lead (ii) oxide and Sodium hydroxide solution. (1mk)
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
28. a) Study the equation below and use it to determine the type of water hardness being removed. (1mk)
Mg(HCO3 )2(aq )  MgCO3( s )  H2 O(I)  CO2( g )

Heat
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
b) State one disadvantage of water hardness. (1mk)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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Page 73 of 143
Name: …………………………………………………………………………..…………….…………..
School: ……………………………………………………………………………………………………..
233/1
CHEMISTRY
PAPER 1
THEORY
TIME: 2 HOURS
1- 80
Page 74 of 143
1. This question concerns about alkaline earth metals. The following table gives information about their atomic
and ionic Radii
Elements Atomic Ionic radius 1st ionization 2nd ionization
m+2 Energy energy
Berflium 0.112 0.030 1800
Magnesium 0.160 0.065 736 1450
calcium 0.197 0.094 590 1150
a) How do you account for the fact that:-

For all elements the ionic radius is smaller than the atomic radius. (1mk)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
b) The second ionization energy is higher than 1st ionization energy is higher than 1st ionization energy for each
element.
Explain. (2mks)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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2. Amino acids k and L were found to be a pure compound. A chromatography of these amino acids of k and L
and also three sugars X,Y and Z was made with the results shown below.
Page 75 of 143
a) Which two sugars must be present in amino acid K and L (1mk)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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b) State and briefly explain two factors that made amino acid K and Y to morefurthest. (2mks)
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3. Study the set- up below and answer questions that follows.
a) State and explain the observation made in the U- tube. (1mk)

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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b) Explain what will happen to lamp when the sunction pump is turned off. (2mks)
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Page 76 of 143
4. The reaction between hydrogen and iodine can be represented by the equation below.
H2(g) + I2(g) 2HI(g) H = -10kJ mol-1
State and explain the effect on the equilibrium
If : a) Pressure is increased. ( 1 ½ mk)

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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b) Temperature is lowered. ( 1 ½ mk)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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5. a) Ammonia gas was bubbled through equal amount of water and Hexane in separate test – tubes as
shown below.
Explain the observations made when a wet red litmus paper was dipped into the two test – tube. (2mks)
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Page 77 of 143
b) The table below shows the PH values of some solution
Solution A B C D
pH 12.0 7.0 2.0 5.5
i) Which solution form a complex with aluminium oxide. (1mk)

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ii) Which solution is likely to be a passion juice. (1mk)
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6. 62g of hydrated sodium carbonated Na2CO3. nH2O, were dissolved in distilled water and made up to
one litre of solution 20cm3 of 1.5 m hydrochloric acid completely reacted with 30.0Cm3 sample of the sodium
carbonate solution. Determine the value of n. ( Na = 23.0 , C = 12.0, 0= 16.0). (3mks)
7. The table below gives atomic number of elements I,II,III, and IV
Element I II III IV
Atomic 15 16 17 20
number
a) Name the types of bonding that exists in the compound formed when element I and IV reacts. (1mk)
..................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
b) Select the elements which is the best oxidizing agent. Give a reason for your answer (2mks)
Page 78 of 143
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8. A hydrocarbon was completely burnt in oxygen 1.08g of water and 5.28g of carbon IV) oxide were
produced. Find the molecular formula of the hydrocarbon if it has a molar mass of 78. (3mks)
9. a) Diamond and graphite are both allotropes of carbon. Explain why graphite is used as a lubricate whereas
diamond is used as an abrasive . (2mks)
b) State one use of carbon II oxide. (1mk)

..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
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10. a) To what temperature must 2 litres of air at 17C be heated at a constant pressure in order to double the
volume. (2mks)
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b) State Charles law
..................................................................................................................................
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Page 79 of 143
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11. Using dot ( ) and crosses (x) diagram to represent electrons in the outer most energy levels only show
bonding in phosphine molecule. pH+4. ( P = 15 , H = 1) (2mks)
12. a) Give the systematic IUPAC name of the following substances

i) CH3CH CH CH3 (1mk)
..................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
ii) CH3 CH BY CH Br CH3 (1mk)
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
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b) Study the set – up below and answer question which follows.
c) Name gas K. (1mk)

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13. The equations below shows the hydration energies of aluminium ions chlorine ions and the heart of
solution of aluminium chloride.
Page 80 of 143
Al3+ (g) Al+3(aq) H = -4690kJ / mol
Cl-(g) Cl-(aq) H =-364kJ/ mol
AlCl3(s) AlCl3(aq) H =-332kJ/ mol
Use the above equations to calculate the lattice energy of alluminium chloride. (3mks)
14. The graph below shows solubility of potassium nitrate and potassium chloride at different temperature.
Study and answer the question below.
Page 81 of 143
i) What happens when a solution containing 20g of potassium nitrate and 45g of potassium chloride in
100g of water at 80C is cooled to 40C? (2mks)
b) What technique can be used to separate solid with different solubilities. (1mk)
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
15. Radio-active Thorium decays as shown
232 228 238
Th  Ra  AC
90 88 89
a) Name the type of radiation between

232 228
i) Th  Ra (1mk)
90 89
..................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
228 228
ii) Ra  AC (1mk)
88 89
..................................................................................................................................
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iii) State one use of radioisotopes. (1mk)
..................................................................................................................................
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.................................................................................................................................
Page 82 of 143
16. A piece of burning magnesium was lowered into a gas jar full of sulphur (IV) oxide gas as shown in the
diagram below.
i) State one use of sulphur (IV) Oxide. (1mk)

..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
ii) State and explain one observation made in the gas jar. (2mks)
..................................................................................................................................
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17. The d diagram below shows electrolysis of lead bromide
a) Label the anode. (1mk)

b) Write half equations to shows reactions at cathode. (1mk)
..................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
Page 83 of 143
c) State one application of electrolysis. (1mk)
..................................................................................................................................
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18 The set up below was used to prepare dry sample of chloride gas.
a) What is the function of manganese (IV) oxide in the preparation of chloride. (1mk)
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
b) Explain the observations made when chlorine gas is bubbled through a solution of iron II sulphate.(2mks)
..................................................................................................................................
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19. Starting with lead metal describe how a sample of lead II hydroxide is prepared. (3mks)
..................................................................................................................................
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Page 84 of 143
20. The graph below represents the energy charges when hydrogen peroxide decomposes
a) i) State whether the reaction is endothermic or exorthemic.(½ mk)

..................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
ii) Give reason for your answer. ( ½ mk)
..................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
b) On the diagram, sketch the reaction path for a catalysed reaction. (1mk)
c) State one factor other than a catalyst, which can improve decomposition of hydrogen peroxide. (1mk)
..................................................................................................................................
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21. The diagram below shows preparation of a certain gas x
i) Name gas X. (1mk)

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Page 85 of 143
ii) State the confirmatory test for gas X. (1mk)
..................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
iii) Write an equation that occurs above,. (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
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22. In the extraction of sodium metal using down’s cell
a) Graphite is used as anode instead of steel give a reason. (1mk)
Give a reason
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
b) State the function of a steel gauze. (1mk)
..................................................................................................................................
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c) List one use of sodium metals. (1mk)
..................................................................................................................................
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23.The following are half cell reduction potential for cell metal X and Y.
X+2(aq) + 2e- X(s) E = +0.25V
Y+2(aq) + 2e- Y(s) E = +0.34V
a) Calculate the e.m.f of the electrochemical formed when the two half cells are connect. (1mk)
Page 86 of 143
b) Write the cell representation for the reaction in (a) above.(1mk)
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
c) Half cell of metal x was connect to another half cell of metal Z and the electrochemical cell formed
overall e.m.f of +0.69V
Determine the reduction potential of metal Z (1mk)
24. The diagram below shows an experiment involving chlorine water.
a) Describe the confirmatory test for Gas A. (2mks)

..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
b) Write an equation to show the formation of gas A. (1mk)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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c) State one use of chlorine gas. (1mk)
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Page 87 of 143
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25. When solid B was heated, a gas which formed a white precipitate when passed through lime water was
produced.The residue was dissolved in dilute Nitric (V) acid to form a colourless solution B2 when dilute
hydrochloric acid was added to solution B2 a white precipitate which dissolved on warming was formed
a) Write the formular of the :-

i) Cation is solid B1 (1mk)
..................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
ii) Anion in solid B1 (1mk)
..................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
b) Write an ionic equation for the reaction between the residue and dilute nitric (V) acid.
(1mk)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
26. a) A certain volume of gas X diffuses through a porous boundary in 30 seconds. How much time is
required for an equal volume of gas Y to diffuse through the same boundary under the same conditions? Rmm
of x = 28 Y = 7 (3mks)
b) State Graham’s law. (1mk)

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Page 88 of 143
Name: …………………………………………………………………………..…………….…………..
School: ……………………………………………………………………………………………………..
233/1
CHEMISTRY
PAPER 1
THEORY
TIME: 2 HOURS
1- 80
Page 89 of 143
1.Study the apparatus shown below and answer the questions that follow
(a) Name the apparatus (1mk)

..................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
(b) Give its use (1mk)
..................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
2. The table below gives some properties of chloride of period three elementsA ,Band C .Study it and
answer the questions the questions that follow.
Chloride of element Melting point Boiling point

A -101 -35
B 714 1407
C -7 60
(a) Name the type of bond that most likely exists in the chloride of A (1mk)
..................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
(b) What type of bond exists in chloride of element B. (1mk)
..................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
Page 90 of 143
3. Study the information represented in the table below and answers the questions that follows
Element Atomic radii(nm) Ionic radii(nm)

P 0.153 0.185
Q 0.184 0.211
R 0.230 0.260
S 0.260 0.305
(a) Would the element form part of a period or group. Explain(2mks)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………
(b) Which one is the most reactive element? (1mk)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………
4. When Na2Co3.XH2O is heated strongly it losses 63.20% of mass. Calculate the value of X. (Na=23.0,
C=12.0,O=16.0,H=1.0) (2mks)
5. Hydrogen sulphide gas is bubbled into two solutions of metallic nitrate as represented in the flow chart below.
Page 91 of 143
(a) Identify the cation present in
I. Blue solution (1mk)
..................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
II Brown solution (1mk)
..................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
(b) Write an ionic equation for the formation of green solution Q(1mk)
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
6. M grams of radioactive isotope decayed to 5 grams in 100 days. The half-life of the isotope in 25 days.
(a) What is meant by half-life (1mk)
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
(b) Calculate the initial mass M of the radioactive isotope (2mks
7. The set up below was used to electrolysed a concentration sodium chloride solution
Page 92 of 143
(a) Name
(i) Gas Y (1mk)
..................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
(ii) Gax X (1mk)
..................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
(b) What is the laboratory test for gas X (1mk)
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
8. Ink is taken from the signature of a forged cheque and compared with ink from pens of three suspects A,
B and C. Using paper chromatography. The results is shown below
(a) Describe how a sample of ink was taken from the forged cheque (2mks)
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
(b) Which suspect could not be guilty?
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
Page 93 of 143
9. The set-up below was used to investigate the effect of steam on copper turnings
(a) What was observed in the oiling tube? Explain (2mks)

..................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
(b) Suggest one other metal that would behave as copper turnings in the above set up if used. (1mk)
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
10. 5.04g of a mixture of anhydrous sodium carbonate and sodium hydrogen when heated to a constant mass
gave 4.11g of residue.
(a) Write an equation for the reaction that takes place when the mixture is heated (1mk)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(b) Calculate the percentage of anhydrous sodium carbonate in the mixture (2mks)
11. The products formed by action of heat on nitrates of element A, B and C are shown below
Nitrate Products formed
A Metal oxide +Nitrogen (IV) Oxide + Oxygen
B Metal +Oxygen (IV) Oxide
C Metal nitrate + oxygen
Page 94 of 143
(a) Arrange the metals in order of reactivity (1mk)
..................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
(b) Which element forms a soluble carbonate (1mk)
..................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
(c) Give an example of B (1mk)
..................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
12. Complete the table below
Species Atomic mass Number of Number of Number of

neutrons electrons protons
V3+ 27 13
Q2- 8 8
13. The curve below represents solubility of potassium nitrate
(a) On the same axis, sketch a curve to show solubility of hydrogen sulphide gas.
Page 95 of 143
Explain the shape of your curve (2mks)
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
14. One mole of hydrogen gas reacts with an organic compound R to give a simple product with structural
formula shown below
(a) Give the name of the product (1mk)

..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
(b) Draw the structural formula of compound R. (1mk)
(c) To which homologous series does compound R belong? (1mk)

..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
15. (a) What is meant by the term enthalpy of neutralization(1mk)
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
(b) Calculate the enthalpy of neutralization of sodium hydroxide(S.H.C=4.2j/g,density)(2mks)
Page 96 of 143
16. Study the information in the table below and answer the questions that follow. The letters are not actual
symbols of the element.
Substance Solubility in water Electrical conductivity

solid molten
K Insoluble Good Good
L Soluble Poor Good
M insoluble poor poor
(a) Which of the substance is likely to be sodium chloride (1mk)

..................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
(b) What type of bond exists in substance K. (1mk)
..................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
17. Complete the table below
Indicator Colour in
H+(aq) OH-(aq)
phenolphthalein
Melthy orange
18. Using an ionic equation, state and explain the observations made when chlorine gas is bulled in a
solution of potassium bromide. (3mks)
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
Page 97 of 143
19. Dry ammonia gas was passed over heated copper (II) oxide as shown below
(a) State one observation made in tube M. (1mk)

..................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
(b) Name a suitable drying agent for ammonia gas (1mk)
..................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
(c) Identify gas Y (1mk)
..................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
20. In the last stage of the solvary process, a mixture of sodium hydrogen carbonate and ammonia chloride
is formed.
(i) State the method of separation used. (1mk)
..................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
(ii) Write an equation showing how lime is slaked
(iii) Name the by-products recycled in the above process(1mk)

..................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
Page 98 of 143
21. Consider the chromote (VI) /dichromate (VI) equilibrium system described by the ionic equation
below.
2CrO42-(aq)+ 2H+(aq) Cr2O72-(aq) +H2O (l)
Yellow Orange
(a) What is meant by equilibrium system (1mk)
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
(b) What observation would be made when NaOH(aq) solution is added to the mixture above? Explain
(2mks)
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
22.The flow chart below shows some process involved in extraction in extraction of lead metal. Study it and
answer the questions that follow
(a) Name the two raw materials that were fed into unit I (2mks)
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
(b)State one environmental hazard associated with the process I unit I (1mk)
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
23. Polyphenylethene is a synthetic polymer
(i) Draw a unit structure of polyphenylethene
Page 99 of 143
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
(ii) What type of polymerization takes place during the formation of polyphenylthene (1mk)
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
(iii) State one disadvantage of synthetic polymer over natural polymers (1mk)
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
24. Below is the redox reaction that takes place when manganese (IV) oxide reacts with dilute hydrochloric
acid to liberate chloride gas
MnO2(s)+4HCl(aq) MnCl2(aq) + 2H2O(l)+Cl2(g)
(a) Explain using oxidation number which species is reduced (1mk)

..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
(b) State one other reagent that can be used to separate chloride gas using concentrated hydrochloric acid
other than manganese (IV) Oxide (1mk)
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
(c) Other than water treatment, state one other use of chlorine (1mk)
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
25. State and explain the observation that would be made when zinc powder is heated with copper (II) oxide
(2mks)
Page 100 of 143

..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
26. (a) State Graham’s law of diffusion (1mk)
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
(b) A certain volume of gas S takes 180 seconds to diffuse through a porous plug.molar mass of S is
18g.Equal volume of gas Q takes 240 seconds to diffuse through the same plug.
Calculate the molar mass of Q. (2mks)
27. A student set-up the apparatus shown below attempting to collect oxygen gas.
(a) State one mistake the student made (1mk)

..................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
(b) Identify liquid Q (1mk)
Page 101 of 143

..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
(c)What property enables the gas to be collected as shown above(1mk)
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
28. Study the set-up below and answer the questions that follows
(a) State and explain the observation made when the circuit is completed.
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
(b) What precautions should be taken when performing this experiment? Give a reason (1mk)
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
29. Calcium nitrate is a nitrogenous fertilizer. Calculate the percentage of nitrogen in the fertilizer .
(N=14.0,Ca=40.0,O=16.0) (2mks)
Page 102 of 143

Name: …………………………………………………………………………..…………….…………..
School: ……………………………………………………………………………………………………..
233/1
CHEMISTRY
PAPER 1
THEORY
TIME: 2 HOURS
1- 80
Page 103 of 143

1. You are provided with a mixture of Iodine, Lead (II) Oxide and Calcium Chloride solids. Describe how each of
the solids could be obtained from the mixture. (3marks)
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
2. Sodium hydroxide reacts with dilute sulphuric (VI) acid to form an acidic salt.
(i) State the meaning of an acidic salt. (1mark)
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
(ii) Write the equation for the above reaction. (1mark)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. A student set up the experiment below to prepare hydrogen gas. In the long run, no gas was collected in the gas
jar. Study the set up and answer the questions that follow.
a) Why was there no gas collected in the long run? (1mark)

.................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
Page 104 of 143

.................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
b) Suppose the acid used was over 50% concentrated Nitric (V) Acid,
(i) Write the equation of what would be expected to happen. (1mark)
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
(ii) Why is there a possibility of not collecting any gas this time? (1mark)
.................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
4. The electronic configuration of the two ions x2+ and y- are 2.8 and 2.8.8 respectively.
(i) Write the electronic configuration of the atoms of X and Y. (1mark)
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
(ii) Compare the atomic radii of the two elements. (1mark)
.................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
(iii) Name the elements lying in the group where element y lies in the periodic table.(1mark)
.................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
5. The table below shows the atomic radii and ionic radii of some elements in the periodic table. Study it and
answer the questions that follow.
Page 105 of 143

Element Atomic radius (nm) Ionic radius
X 0.144 0.167
Y 0.150 0.110
Z 0.100 0.90
P 0.180 0.20
Q 0.190 -
(i) Identify the metal atoms from the table. (1mark)

.................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
(ii) Identify non- metal atoms in the above set up. (1mark)
.................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
(iii) Which of the above elements could be a noble gas? Give a reason for your answer? (1mark)
.................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
6. The table below shows physical properties of some substances. Use the information in the table to
answer the questions that follow.
Substance Melting Point Boiling Point Electrical Conductivity Electrical

(0c) (0c) In Solid Conductivity In
Liquid
A 801 1413 Poor Good
B 1083 2595 Good Good
C -144.8 -84.9 Poor Poor
D 5.5 80.1 Poor Poor
E 3550 4827 Poor Poor
Page 106 of 143

Which substance is likely to have the following structure? Give reason for your answer.
i) Simple molecular (1mark)
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
ii) Giant atomic (1mark)
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
iii) Giant ionic (1mark)
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
7. Two elements X and Y have their atomic number being 11 and 19 respectively.
(i) Show their electronic configurations (1mark)
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
(ii) Are they in same period or group? Give a reason for your answer. (1mark)
.................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
(iii) Compare the reactivity of the two elements in terms of the element that is more reactive. (1mark)
..................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
8. Ammonia solution was added dropwise into 2cm3 of a solution X. After a few drops, a pale blue
precipitate was formed. After adding excess ammonia a deep blue solution was formed.
i) Identify the cation in solution X. (1mark)
.................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
Page 107 of 143

ii) Write the formula of the ion in the deep blue solution. (1mark)
.................................................................................................................................
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iii) Name the compound in the deep blue solution. (1mark)
.................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
9. Molten calcium (ii) chloride was electrolysed using graphite electrodes as shown below.
i) State the observations made at electrode A. (1mark)

.................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
ii) Write the equation of the reaction at electrode A (1mark)
.................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
iii) Identify whether the reaction at electrode A is oxidation or reduction. Give a reason for your answer.(1mark)
.................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
Page 108 of 143

10. Carbon (II) oxide gas was prepared in the laboratory through reaction between crystals of ethandioic
acid, and concentrated sulphuric acid in a round bottomed flask. The gases evolved had to be passed though
sodium hydroxide solution first before collection.
i) Write the equation of reaction between concentrated sulphuric (VI) acid and ethandioic acid.(1mark)
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
ii) What is the role of concentrated sulphuric acid in the above reaction? (1mark)
.................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
iii) Why was the gas passed through sodium hydroxide solution before collection? (1mark)
.................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
11.
a) State grahams law of diffusion of gases. (1mark)
.................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
b) A gas X diffuses through a porous plug in 20seconds. An equal volume of methane gas diffuses through the
same porous plug in 30 sec. Find the molecular mass of gas X given that they diffuse under the same conditions
of temperature and pressure. C= 12, H=1 (2marks)
.................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
Page 109 of 143

12. 9.42g of an organic acid RCOOH is dissolved in 600cm3. 25.0cm3 of this solution was found to require
21.5cm3 of 0.207M Potassium hydroxide solution for complete neutralization. (C=12.0, O=16.0, H =1.0)
i) Determine the formula mass of the acid. (2marks)
ii) Hence determine the value of R. (1mark)
13. The formula below represents a portion of a polymer.

13. The formula below represents a portion of a polymer.
CH3 H CH3 H CH3 H
| | | | | |
____ C C C C C C _____
| | | | | |
COOCH3 H COOCH3 H COOCH3 H n
a) Give the structure of the monomer in the above polymer? (½ mark)
a) Give the structure of the monomer in the above polymer? (½ mark)

.................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
b) What name is given to the monomer above? (½ mark)
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
c) A sample of this polymer is found to have a molecular mass of 4000g. Determine the number of monomers in
the polymer. (C=12, O=16, H=1) (2marks)
Page 110 of 143

14. 2M solution of Barium (II) chloride was reacted with excess 2M sodium carbonate solution
i) Write an ionic equation for the above case. (1mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
ii) Given that the mass of the precipitate formed was found to be 10g; calculate the volume of gas evolved at
room temperature and pressure in case the precipitate is heated until there is no further change in mass.(Ba =
137, C=12, O=16 Molar gas volume at rtp = 24dm3) (2 marks)
15. Butanoic acid reacts with propanol to form two products.

i) Write the equation of the above reaction. (1mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
ii) Name the organic product formed in the above case. (1mark)
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
iii) Give two physical properties of the above organic compound formed in (i) above. (1mark)
.................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
Page 111 of 143

16. The set up below was made to prepare an oxide of nitrogen. Study it and answer the questions that follow.
(i) Name gas Y (½ mark)

.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
(ii) Write the equations of the reactions in the round bottomed flask. (2marks)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(iii) State one use of gas Y (½ mark)
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
17. Study the scheme below and then use it to answer the questions that follow.
Page 112 of 143

Identify;
a) (i) Reagent Y (1mark)
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
(ii) Bleaching agent S (1mark
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
b) Write an equation for the formation of NaOH from the electrolysis process. (1mark)
……………………………………………………………………….…………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
18. Study the chart below and answer the questions that follow.
NaOH(aq) Step I
Solution T White ppt S Colourless solution
Excess NaOH (aq)
Step II
Excess NH3
HCl (aq)
White Precipitate R Colourless Solution
a) Identify
i) The metal ions in solution T (1mark)
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
b) The white precipitate S (1mark)
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
c) Write the formula of the complex ions present in the colourless solution formed in step I. (1mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Page 113 of 143

19. The diagram below shows Hydrogen Chloride gas being dissolved in methyl benzene.
State and explain the observations that would be made at (i) and (ii) (3marks)
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
20. When 10g of propanol are burnt in oxygen gas completely, 80KJ of energy is released.
a) What is meant by molar heat of combustion of a fuel? (1mark)
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
b) (i) Write the equation of burning 1 mole of propanol in oxygen. (1mrk)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(ii) Calculate the molar heat of combustion of propanol.
C=12, H = 1 , 0 = 16 (2marks)
Page 114 of 143

21. In an experiment, excess 0.2M Nitric (v) acid was reacted with 10g of marble chips (big particles)
until the reaction was over. The same experiment was repeated using excess 0.2M Nitric (v) acid and powdered
marble chips. The gas evolved was collected in a graduated polythene paper per minute.
On the grid below sketch labeled curves of the volume of CO2 evolved against time.
(2marks) Volume of CO2
evolved.
Time
22. Using the standard electrode potentials (min)
below,
(i) State whether or not metal R can be kept in a sulphate solution of metal S. (2 marks)
.................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
Explain
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
Reaction Eθ volts
R2+(aq) + 2e- R(s) - 2.37

S2+(aq) + 2e- S(s) - 0.76
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
Page 115 of 143

(ii) Calculate the e.m.f of the cell formed by combining S and R electrodes. (1mark)
b. The electrode potentials of Lead and Copper are -0.13V and 10.34V respectively
i) Write the cell representation of the two half cells. (1mark)
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
ii) Give the overall ionic equation for the reaction. (1mark)
.................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
23. In the extraction of Sodium metal using the Down’s cell, molten sodium chloride is electrolysed.
The Down’s cell has an iron shell lined with fire bricks on the outside .Calcium chloride is added to the
sodium chloride solid.
(i) Why is the iron shell lined with fire bricks on the outside? (1mark)
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
(ii) Why is the calcium chloride added to the sodium chloride? (1mark)
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
(iii) Liquid calcium could be produced at the cathode. How is it eliminated from the liquid sodium metal? (1mark)
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
Page 116 of 143

24. The following structures represent two forms of soapless detergent .Study them and answer the
questions that follow;
(i) OSO2O-Na+
(ii) OSO2O-Na+
a) Identify the two types of soapless detergents. (2marks)
(i)………………………………………………………………………
(ii) …………………………………………………………………….
b) What would be the problem of using the detergent labeled (ii) when washing clothes? (1mark)
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
25. a) Define half-life (1mark)
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
b) If 1g of caesium – 137 decays to 1/32 in 100 days. What is the half-life of caesium- 137? (2marks)
26. Oxygen gas in the laboratory can be prepared by heating potassium nitrate.
(i) Write the equation of the reaction to show the decomposition of potassium nitrate. (1mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Page 117 of 143

(ii) State two physical properties of oxygen gas. (1mark)
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
(iii) Outline two uses of oxygen gas. (1mark)
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
27. An element K has relative atomic mass of 36.2. Given that the element has two isotopes A of atomic mass
35.0 and B 38.0. Calculate the relative percentage abundances of each of the isotopes. (2marks)
28. Name two allotropes of sulphur (1mark)

.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
Page 118 of 143

Name: …………………………………………………………………………..…………….…………..
School: ……………………………………………………………………………………………………..
233/1
CHEMISTRY
PAPER 1
THEORY
TIME: 2 HOURS
1- 80
Page 119 of 143

1. State any two differences between luminous and non-luminous flames. (2 marks)
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
2. Element P and N have atomic numbers 20 and 9 respectively.

a) Write the electronic configuration of the ion of; (2 marks)
i) N…………………………………………………
ii) P…………………………………………………
b) Write the formula of the compound formed between P and Q. (1 mark)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………..……………………………………………………………………………….
c) If the compound formed in (b) above was dissolved in water. State the effect of the solution on litmus paper.
(1 mark)
.................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
SO2(g) + NO2(g) SO3(g) + NO(g)
a) Using the oxidation number of sulphur show that this is a redox reaction. (1 mark)
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
b) Identify the oxidising agent. (1 mark)
.................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
Page 120 of 143

4. Ethanol and pentane are miscible liquids. Explain how water can be used to separate the mixture of ethanol and
pentane. (3 marks)
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
5. State two reasons why hydrogen gas is not commonly used as a fuel. (2 marks)
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
6. During a class experiment, chlorine was bubbled through sodium iodide solution.
a) Name one precaution when carrying out this experiment.(1 mark)
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
b) State the observations made during the experiment. (1 mark)
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
7. Sodium hydroxide can be prepared using the method below.
Sodium metal Sodium hydroxide + hydrogen
Cold water
a) Give one precaution applied when carrying out this experiment. (1 mark)
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
b) Give two uses of sodium hydroxide. (1 mark)
Page 121 of 143

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8.A given volume of ozone (O3) diffused from a certain apparatus in 96 seconds. Calculate the time taken by an
equal volume of carbon (IV) oxide gas (CO2) to diffuse under the same conditions.
(C = 12.0, O = 16.0) (3marks)
9. Using dots ( ) and crosses (x) show bonding in;

a) The compound formed when nitrogen reacts with Flourine. (Atomic numbers F = 9, N = 7) (1 mark)
b) Sodium oxide. (Atomic numbers Na = 11, O = 8) (1 mark)
10. Starting with 100cm3 of 2.8M sodium hydroxide describe how a sample of pure sodium sulphate crystals could
be prepared. (3 marks)
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11. Study the energy level diagram and answer the questions that follow.
M
Energy Products
Reactants
Reaction coordinate
a) What does point M represent? (1 mark)
.................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
b) In the diagram indicate the total energy of the reaction. (1 mark)
c) On the same grid draw the reaction coordinate path for the same catalysed reaction. (1 mark)
12. When magnesium was burnt in air, a solid mixture was formed. On addition of water to the mixture a gas which
turned moist red litmus paper blue was evolved. Explain these observations clearly. (3 marks)
.................................................................................................................................
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13. Study the energy cycle diagram below.
1. Study the energy cycle diagram below.
NaCl(s) A Na+(g) + Cl-(g)
H2O H2O
C B
Na+(aq) + Cl-(aq)
Give the names of enthalpy changes. (3
Page 123 of 143
Give the names of enthalpy changes. (3 marks)
A ……………………………………………
B ……………………………………………
C ……………………………………………
14. a) A radioactive substance emits three different particles.

Give the symbol of the particle with the lightest mass. (1 mark)
.................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
b) Find the values of A and B in the nuclear equation below.
+ (2 marks)
A ……………………………………………
B ……………………………………………
c) What type of nuclear reaction is represented in (b) above. (1 mark)

.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
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15. The table below shows the relative atomic masses and their percentage abundance of the isotopes R1 and R2 of
element R.
Relative atomic masses % abundance
R1 62.93 69.09
R2 64.93 30.91
Calculate the relative atomic mass of element R. (3 marks)
16. The reaction between Hydrogen and Fluorine can be represented by the equation below.
H2(g) + F2(g) 2HF(g) ΔH = -14kJ.Mol-1
State and explain the effect on the equilibrium if;
Page 124 of 143

a) Pressure is increased. (1½ marks)
.................................................................................................................................
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..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
b) Temperature is lowered. (1½ marks)
.................................................................................................................................
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..................................................................................................................................
17. Ammonia gas was passed into water as shown below.

Ammonia gas
Water
a) When a red litmus paper was dropped into the resulting solution it turned blue. Explain. (1mark)
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
b) Write an equation for the reaction that occurs. (1 mark)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………..………………………………………………………………………………….
c) What is the function of the funnel used? (1 mark)
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18. During purification of copper by electrolysis, 2.96g of copper were deposited when a current was passed
through aqueous Copper (II) Sulphate for 2½ hours. Calculate the amount of current that was passed. (Cu =
63.5, 1 Faraday = 96500C) (3 marks)
19. The table below shows the pH values of some solutions.

a) Which solution reacts most vigorously with magnesium metal? (1 mark)
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
b) Which solution forms a complex ion with aluminium oxide? (1 mark)
.................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
c) Which solution is likely to be passion juice? (1 mark)
.................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
20. Explain why hydrogen forms compounds in which its oxidation state is either +1 or -1. (atomic number of
hydrogen is 1) (3 marks)
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21. The melting point of phosphorous trichloride is -91oC while that of Magnesium chloride is 715oC. In terms
of structure and bonding, explain the difference in their melting point. (3 marks)
22. Bromine reacts with ethane as shown below.

C2H6 + Br2 C2H5Br + HBr
a) What condition is necessary for this reaction to occur? (1 mark)
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
b) Identify the bonds that are broken and those that are formed during the reaction.
Bonds broken. (1 mark)
.................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
Bonds formed. (1 mark)
.................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
23. The flow diagram below shows preparation of hydrogen sulphide. Study it and answer the questions that
follow.
K Iron (II) Chloride
L R
Sulphur Hydrogen Sulphide
a) Give the name of; (2 marks)

i) Compound L ………………………………………………
ii) Reagent R …………………………………………………
Page 127 of 143

b) Write an equation for the reaction that forms Iron (II) chloride. (1 mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………..……………………………………………………………………………..
24. Name the following compounds using the IUPAC system.
a) (1 mark)
CH 3
CH3 CH2 CH CH2 CH CH3
CH 2
CH2
CH3
.................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
b) CH3 CH2 CH CH2 (1 mark)
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
c) Draw and name the isomers of compound (b) above. (2 marks)
.................................................................................................................................
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25. 6.84g of aluminium sulphate were dissolved in 150cm3 of water. Calculate the molar concentration of the
sulphate ions in the solution (Relative formula mass of aluminium sulphate is 342) (3 marks)
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26. The scheme below outlines a method used to prepare fertilizers. Study it and answer the questions that
follow.
N2 H2
Fertilizer D HNO3 (aq) Ammonia H3PO4 (aq) Fertilizer C
a) Name the source of; (2 marks)

i) Nitrogen gas.
.................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
ii) Hydrogen gas.
.................................................................................................................................
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b) Which of the two fertilizers C and D is a better fertilizer? Give a reason for your answer. (2 marks)
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27. a) Define a weak acid. (1 mark)
.................................................................................................................................
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b) A bottle containing nitric (V) acid has the following information.
i) Density 1.42 g/cm3
ii) Percentage purity = 68%
Calculate the concentration of the acid in moles per litre. (H = 1.0, N = 14.0, O = 16.0) (3 marks)
Page 129 of 143

Name: …………………………………………………………………………..…………….…………..
School: ……………………………………………………………………………………………………..
233/1
CHEMISTRY
PAPER 1
THEORY
TIME: 2 HOURS
1- 80
Page 130 of 143

1. An element X has atomic number 20 while element Y has atomic number 8.
(a) Write the electron arrangement for:
X __________________________________________________1 mark)
Y __________________________________________________(1 mark)
(b) What type of bond would be formed when X and Y react? (1 mark)
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
2. Determine the empirical formula of a compound made up of carbon and hydrogen only, given that the
percentage of carbon in the compound is 79.9%. (C = 12.0, H = 1.0) (2 marks)
3. (a) Complete the nuclear equation below. (1 mark)
14 14
N + ----  C
7 6
(b) Give one use of radioisotopes in agriculture. (1 mark)

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. Study the standard electrode potentials in the table below and answer the questions that follow:
E  volts
Cu 2aq   2e  Cu  S  +0.34
Mg 2aq   2e  Mg  S  -2.38
Ag aq   e  Ag S  +0.80
Ca 2aq   2e  Ca  S  -2.87
Page 131 of 143

(a) Which is the strongest reducing agent. (1 mark)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(b) (i) Write the ionic equation for the reaction that takes place when magnesium is dipped in a solution of
silver nitrate. (1 mark)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(ii) Calculate the E value for the reaction in b(i) above.(1 mark)
5. When excess magnesium powder was added to 100cm³ of 0.5M iron (IV) sulphate solution, the pale
green colours of the solution faded and the temperature rose by 6.0ºC.
(a) Write an ionic equation for the reaction that took place. (1 mark)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(b) Calculate the molar heat of reaction. (Take density of solution as 1.0gcmˉ³, specific heat capacity as
4.2Jgˉ¹Kˉ¹. (2 marks)
6. Study the flow chart below and answer the questions that follow:
Study the flow chart below and answer the questions that follow:
Brown gas
Heat
Solid G
Addition of dilute Colourless Addition of dilute White
Yellow solid
nitric acid solution hydrochloric acid precipitate
(a) Identifies the two ions present in solid G. (2 marks)

Write an ionic equation for the reaction that takes place during the formation of the white precipitate
Page 132 of 143
(a) Identifies the two ions present in solid G. (2 marks)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(b) Write an ionic equation for the reaction that takes place during the formation of the white precipitate. (1 mark)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
7. R  COO  Na  and R C 6 H 5SO3 Na  represent two cleansing agents where R is a long hydrocarbon chain.
(a) Write the formulae of the salts that would be formed when each of these cleansing agents is added to water
containing calcium ions. (1 mark)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(b) Explain how the solubilities of the two calcium salts in (a) above affects the cleansing properties of each of
the cleaning agents. 2mrks
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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8. In the blast furnace iron ore is converted to iron. Identify two reducing agents present in the furnace and
write equations showing how they act as reducing agents.
Reducing agents. (1 mark)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Equations. (2 marks)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Page 133 of 143

9. Below is a sketch of a reaction profiles.
Energy
Products
Reactants
Reaction profile
(a) On the diagram, show the heat of reaction, H. (1 mark)
(b) State and explain the type of reaction represented by the profile. (2 marks)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
10. Describe how you would obtain solid sodium carbonate from a mixture of lead carbonate and sodium
carbonate. (2 marks)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
11. The diagram below shows incomplete set-up of the laboratory preparation and collection of chlorine
to show
gas. how drythe
Complete chlorine
set-upgas may behow
to show collected.
dry chlorine gas may be collected. (3 marks) (3 marks)
Concentrated
hydrochloric acid
Manganese
(IV) Oxide
Page 134 of 143

12. The tablePrefer
below gives three experiments on0743
Calling Amobi Group of Examiners @
the333reaction
000 or
of excess sulphuric
0706 851 439
acid and 0.5g of zinc
for Marking Schemes
12. The table below gives three experiments on the reaction of excess sulphuric acid and 0.5g of zinc done
under different conditions. In each case the volume of gas was recorded at different time intervals.
Experiment Form of zinc Sulphuric acid solution

A Powder 0.8M
B Powder 1.0M
C Granules 0.8M
On the axis below, draw and label the three curves that could be obtained from such results. (3 marks)
Volume of gas (cm³
Time (sec)
13. When a current of 1.5 Amperes were passed through a cell containing M3+ ions of a metal M for 15
minutes, the mass of the cathode increased by 0.26g. (1 Faraday = 96500 coulombs).
(a) Calculate the quantity of electricity used. (1 mark)
(b) Determine the relative atomic mass of metal M. (2 marks)
14. The apparatus

The apparatus shown belowshown
was usedbelow was the
to investigate used toofinvestigate
effect the
carbon (II) oxide on effect ofoxide.
copper (II) carbon (II) oxide on copper (II) oxide.
Copper (II) oxide

Flame
Dry CO
Tube K
Combustion tube Heat
Lime water
(a) State the observation that was made in the combustionPage

tube at 135
the end
ofof143
the experiment. (1 mark)
(a) State the observation that was made in the combustion tube at the end of the experiment. (1 mark)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(b) Write an equation for the reaction that took place in the combustion tube. (1 mark)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(c) Why is it necessary to burn the gas coming out of tube K?(1 mark)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
15. The diagram below shows a Bunsen burner when in use.
Name the region labeled B and C. (2 marks)
B ______________________________________________
C ______________________________________________
16. A hydrocarbon P was found to decolourise bromine water. On complete combustion of 2 moles of P, 6
moles of carbon (IV) oxide and 6 moles of water were formed.
(a) Write the structural formula of P. (1 mark)
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
Page 136 of 143

(b) Give the name of P. (1 mark)
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
(c) Name one industrial source of P. (1 mark)
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
17. 22.2cm³ of sodium hydroxide solution, containing 4.0g per litre of sodium hydroxide were required for
complete neutralization of 0.1g of a dibasic acid. Calculate the relative formular mass of the dibasic acid.
(Na = 23.0, 0 = 16.0, H = 1.0) (3 marks)
SO2 g   NO 2 g   SO3 g   NO  g 
(i) Using oxidation numbers of either sulphur or nitrogen, show that it is a redox reaction. (2 marks)
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
(ii) Identify the reducing agent. (1 mark)
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
19. A given volume of ozone (O3); diffused from a certain apparatus in 96 seconds. Calculate the time
taken by an equal volume of carbon (IV) oxide to diffuse under the same conditions. (O = 16.0, C = 12.0).
(3 marks)
Page 137 of 143

20. The reaction of propane with chlorine gas gave a compound of formula C3H7Cl.
(a) What condition is necessary for the above reaction to take place? (1 mark)
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
(b) Draw two structural formulae of compound C3H7Cl. (2 marks)
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
21. When excess hydrogen gas was passed over heated lead (II) oxide in a combustion tube, lead (II) oxide
was reduced.
(a) Write an equation for the reaction which took place. (1 mark)
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
(b) What observation was made in the combustion tube when the reaction was complete. (1 mark)
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
(c) Name another gas which could be used to reduce lead (II) oxide. (1 mark)
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
22. The diagram below is a set-up for the laboratory preparation of oxygen gas.
Page 138 of 143

The diagram below is a set-up for the laboratory preparation of oxygen gas.
Hydrogen peroxide
Oxygen gas
Water
Solid R
(a) Name solid R (1 mark)
(a) Name solid R

________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
(b) Write an equation for the reaction that takes place in the flask. (1 mark)
________________________________________________________________________________________
(c) Give one commercial use of oxygen. (1 mark)
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
23. Study the set-up below and answers the questions that follow.
Molten lead (II) bromide
Heat
(a) Write equations for the reactions at the:
Cathode: (1 mark)
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
Page 139 of 143

Anode: (1 mark)
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
(b) Give a reason why this experiment is carried out in a fume cupboard. (1 mark)
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
24. Calculate the number of chloride ions in 250cm³ solution of 1M calcium chloride. (Avogadro’s number is 6.0
 1023). (2 marks)
25. The table shows liquids that are miscible and those that are immiscible.
Liquid L3 L4
L1 Miscible Miscible
L2 Miscible Immiscible
Use the information given to answer the questions that follow.
(a) Name the method that can be used to separate L1 and L3 from a mixture of the two. (1 mark)
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
(b) Describe how a mixture of L2 and L4 can be separated. (2 marks)
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
Page 140 of 143

________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
26. In an experiment, a gas jar containing moist sulphur (IV) oxide was inverted over another gas jar containing
hydrogen sulphide gas.
(a) State and explain the observation that was made. (2 marks)
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
(b) Write an equation for the reaction which took place in the gas jar. (1 mark)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
27. Using dots (.) and crosses (x) to represent electrons, show bonding in the compounds formed when the
following elements react. (C = 6, Na = 11 and Cl = 17)
(a) Sodium and chlorine. (1 mark)
(b) Carbon and chlorine. (1 mark)
28. (a) What are isotopes? (1 mark)
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
Page 141 of 143

(b)State two factors which determine the stability of an isotope. (2mrks)
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
29. Sulphur and oxygen are in the same group of the periodic table, the hydride of sulphur is a gas at room
temperature whereas that of oxygen is a liquid at room temperature. Explain this observation. (3 marks)
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
Page 142 of 143

Page 143 of 143

Chem Pp1 s4 Examiners' Proj 10 QP

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CHEMISTRY PP1 SERIES 4 EXAMINERS’

PROJECTION 10 QUESTION PAPERS

Index No:…………………. Candidate’s Signature: …………….…….. Date:…………………………

FOR EXAMINERS USE ONLY

Question Maximum score Candidate’s score

(i) Write the structural formula of Q

(ii) Identify the substance formed in the above reaction.(½ mark)

(ii) Jet (burning flame). (1 mark)

(i) 8cm of magnesium ribbon was added to 1M hydrochloric acid.

(ii) 8cm of magnesium ribbon was added to 0.5M hydrochloric acid.

Graphs of volume of hydrogen evolved against time were plotted thus:

Burning candle Sodium hydroxide

(ii) Sodium hydroxide solution. (½ mark)

(ii) A suitable drying agent used. (½ mark)

Ions Electron arrangement Ionic radius

Explain why the ionic radius of:

(a) K+ is greater than that of Na+. (1 mark)

8.(a)Differentiate between exothermic and endothermic reaction.1 mrk)

Bond Bond energy KJ mol-1

The letters do not represent the true symbols of the elements.

(b) What is the nature of oxide formed by Q. (½ mark)

10. (a) Define Grahams law of diffusion. (1 mark)

Concentrated sulphur (VI) acid

(a) Name the allotropes. (1 mark)

(b) Give one use of A. (½ mark)

(c) Which allotrope conducts electricity? Explain. (1½ marks)

14.Give two reasons why helium is used in weather balloons. (2 marks)

(ii) Identify the reducing agent. (1 mark)

Few White Step I Colourless

- Dilute nitric acid.

20. (a) Radioactive isotope decays as shown below.

Determine the values of m and n. (2 marks)

(b)Give one harmful effect of exposure to radioactive emission. (1 mark)

(a)Determine its molecular formula. (H = 1, C = 12, O = 16). (2 marks)

Use the information to answer the questions that follow.

(b) Compare the reactivity of T and Q with chlorine. (2 marks)

(i) Write an equation for the formation of ammonia gas.(1 mark)

(i)Select an element that can form divalent anion. (1 mark)

Index No:…………………. Candidate’s Signature: …………….…….. Date:…………………………

FOR EXAMINERS USE ONLY

Question Maximum score Candidate’s score

b) Write equation for roasting of the copper pyrite. (1mk)

c) Give one use of the copper metal. (1mk)

i) Name the allotrope A. (1mk)

iii) What does 950C represent? (1mk)

a) Explain the variation in the curves of:

Sulphur (IV) CHAMBER I CHAMBER II

a) Identify substances R and S (2mks)

c) Explain the shape of the graph terms of kinetic theory. (1mk)

800 1140 38 0.07

23 77 0.08 Very soluble

a) Which chloride has a molecular structure? Explain. (1mk)

Blue Solution Brown solution

Black solid Y Green solution Y

a) Identify two solutions (2mks)

17. Study the diagram below and answer the questions.

a) On the diagram mark the base line. (1mk)

a) Calculate the activation energy for this reaction. (1mk)

b) Calculate the enthalpy change (H ) for the reaction. (1mk)