YEAR 2 MID-TERM 2 REVIEW (2016)

1. Put the bracketed words in the right form or tense.

TheGovernment of India had inaugurated the new millennium by declaring the year 2001 as
'Women's Empowerment Year' to focus on a vision 'where women are equal partners like men'. The
most common explanation of 'women's empowerment' is the (able) _________________ to
exercise full control over one's actions.The last decades (see) _____________________ some
basic changes in the status and role of women in our society. There has been shift in policy
approaches from the concept of 'welfare' in the seventies to 'development' in the eighties and now
to 'empowerment' in the nineties. This process has been further accelerated with some sections of
women becoming (increase) _________________ self-conscious of their discrimination in several
areas of family and public life. The latest news items regarding violence (commit)
________________ against women reveal that women's position has worsened. The Constitution of
India grants (equal) _______________________ to women in various fields of life. Yet a large
number of women are either ill equipped or not in a position to propel themselves out of their
traditionally unsatisfactory socio-economic conditions. They are poor, uneducated and insufficiently
trained. They are often absorbed in the struggle to sustain the family physically and emotionally and
(hinder) ___________________ from taking interest in affairs outside home. (oppress)
___________________ and atrocities on women are still excessive. The need of the hour is to
improve female (literate) ________________ as education holds the key to development.
Empowerment would become more relevant if women are educated, better informed and can take
rational decisions.

2. Put the bracketed words in the right form or tense.

The reality of gender equality is complex and diverse, even more so in India. What is theoretically
simple — that men and women have the same rights and opportunities in every walk of life — is
more difficult (put) ______________________ into practice and measure. An (increase)
_________________ number of companies (recognition) ____________________ that a
healthier gender mix makes for good business, helping talent conservation and enhanced
innovation. What must also (know) ___________________ is the revolution in the smaller towns
and villages that is even more important, as it will impact a larger number of women. HSBC has
given me opportunities to interact with rural women in India and I have seen their (contribute)
_________________ and progress — though at a slow pace — at close hand. Once a woman steps
out to earn her livelihood, she becomes (depend) _________________, not just economically but
psychologically. She gains better control over the family’s finances and acquires stronger decision-
(make) __________________ powers. With a rise in the number of schools and vocational training
centers, women everywhere now have the opportunity to gain (know) __________________ and
acquire skills. As a result, we see women from smaller regions in India (become)
_____________________ engineers, doctors and even astronauts, which (be)
_____________________ unimaginable a few decades ago. I remain optimistic on the ever-greater
participation of women in public.
NAINA LAL KIDWAI Head of HSBC India

3. Circle the right alternative.

UNDP focuses on gender equality and women’s empowerment not only as human rights, but also
because they are a pathway to achieving the Millennium Development Goals and sustainable
development. Through our global network, we work to ( ensure / enlighten / promote ) that
women have a real voice in all governance institutions, from the judiciary to the civil service, as well
as in the private sector and civil society, so they ( can / should / need ) contribute equally with
men ( in / to / with ) public dialogue and decision-making and influence the decisions that will
determine the future of their families and countries. The less access they have to medical care,
property ownership, credit, training and employment, the ( most / more / less ) likely they are to
be poor, illiterate or victims of domestic violence.When women are empowered, whole families
benefit.The roles that men and women play in society are not biologically determined -- they are
socially determined, changing and changeable. ( Although / However /Despite ) they may be
justified as being required by culture or religion, these roles vary widely by locality and change over
time. Addressing women’s issues also requires ( recognition / recognize / recognizing ) that
women are a diverse group, in the roles they play ( as well as / in addition / regardless ) in
characteristics such as age, social status, urban or rural orientation and educational achievement.

4. Put the bracketed words in the right form or tense.

The Global Poverty Project Millennium Development Goal 3 is to promote gender equality and
(power) ________________women living in (poor) _________________ to make informed
choices about their own lives as well as those of their communities. Women make up 70% of the
world's working hours and earn only 10% of the world's income and half of what men earn. This
results in greater misery, slower economic (grow) _______________ and a lower standard of
living. Women and girls in developing countries (currently/deny) _______________________
basic human rights, freedom, respect and dignity and millions of them also die each year as a result
of gender-(base) _______________violence. This gender discrimination creates a miserable
outlook for them. So what is the solution? The World Bank believes that 'putting resources into poor
women's hands while (promote) ________________ gender equality in the household and in
society results in large development payoffs'. It is therefore fundamental to raise their self-
(confident) ________________. Magic Bus mentoring programme works to (able)
_________________ behavioural change for boys and girls, young people and communities living in
need in India, focusing on education, health and gender equality.

5. Fill in the gaps with words from the box below. There are two extra items.
* full-time * quit * daycare * after * dual * no longer * while * duties * income * for *
extremely * any longer *

Women’s access to jobs may once have been a political issue, but today’s tough economic climate,
working is now a necessity for most mothers. Most families can ___________________ afford to
live in one wage. Despite women’s greater participation in the workforce, most men have yet to
increase their share of domestic __________________. This means that the majority of working
mothers are also responsible for housework and looking __________________ their children. If a
mother works, then ___________________ for the children has to be arranged which, in some
cases, can eat up much of the mother’s wage. For families with low __________________, a second
wage may actually leave the family in the same or tougher financial position than a single wage.
Stress loads are high for working mothers. Women recently surveyed in a health magazine reported
that juggling the ____________________ roles of mother and worker at the same time is
_____________________ hard. Findings include that over 60 per cent of working mothers feel they
take out their stress on their families. Close to half of all working mothers would prefer to be
_____________________ mothers, ______________________ around one fifth would like to work
from home. Nearly eight out of 10 working mothers would ___________________ their jobs if they
could.

6. Circle the right alternative.

As a greater number of women enter the workforce, more and more children are cared for by adults
other than their parents. Relatives sometimes take on child care ( duties / rights / facilities ), or
children are cared for in a variety of child care settings. Not surprisingly, working mothers are
( more / far / much ) likely to have their infants and toddlers in an out-of-the-home child care
center than non-employed mothers. ( However / Besides / Therefore ), most three-to-five-year-
olds are in center-based or preschool programs regardless of whether their mother works outside
the home. Parents all want their children ( had / have / to have ) the best possible start in
school, so they are likely to enroll their children in a program. Some people still think that a “good
mother” is one who gives ( on / in / up ) work to stay home with her children. Nevertheless, no
scientific evidence says children are ( harmed / harmful / harmless ) when their mothers work.
A child’sdevelopment is influenced more by the emotional health of the family,( what / whose /
how ) the family feels about the mother’s working, and the quality of child care. Taking an active
role in your child’s care ( may reduce / should have reduced / must be reducing ) any guilt
about working.
7. Fill in the blanks with 7 words from the box.

* had * raising * highlight * contributions * rising * empowerment *

* priorities * would * tribute *

In celebration of 2012 International Women’s Day (IWD), the purpose of this newsletter is to
provide a snapshot of UNESCO’s commitments to gender equality from UNESCO Dar es Salaam. The
goal is to _______________________ recent key achievements and challenges, sharing from the
project level exciting news on UNESCO’s _______________________ to achieve gender equality
and women’s _________________________ in the United Republic of Tanzania. IWD 2012 gives us
occasion to celebrate, to recognize achievements, reflect on challenges, and reaffirm shared
commitments to enhance gender equality in and through UNESCO and the UN system. At the
intersection of UNESCO’s two global _______________________, Africa and Gender Equality,
UNESCO Dar believe they _______________________ better offer valuable insights. Sharing these
stories and perspectives with colleagues and stakeholders, we also pay _______________________
to the 14 UN agencies joining with businesses, women’s rights activists and civil society
organizations in the Africa Unite Campaign at the Mount Kilimanjaro Summit,
_______________________ awareness and commitments across the continent as part of the UN
Secretary General’s global initiative to end violence against women and girls.

8.Fill in the blanks with 8 words from the box.

* delay * fitting * housework * so that * juggling *guilty * coping *

management * yourself * household.

All Mothers are WorkingMothers, but those who have a career away from home have an extra
challenge in ____________________ their career and their family life. We wonder how we can
handle it all. It's not easy ___________________ in everything. Some WorkingMothers are lucky
and have a very supportive husband who is happy to share in all the necessary _______________
chores and also find time to spend with you. Working Mothers are geniuses playing their numerous
roles with__________________ of good moment. Remember your needs and wants, your happiness
will be the balance. Be very flexible and stay open minded to new suggestions. Communicate with
each other. Get organized and share the necessary things that have to be done. Above all do not
feel ________________, keep _________________ healthy and have a sense of humor and laugh
a lot. A woman’s decision to return to work must take into account her own needs as well as those
of her family. If you are considering returning to work, try to ____________________ your return
three or four months after your child was born. Take the time to prepare yourself and your family
____________________ the adjustment is as easy as possible for everyone.

9. Fill in the blanks with 6 words from the box.

living * although * which * improper * fortune * ensure * accurate * assure

From the bottom to the top of the ladder of success, it is necessary to amass money in order to
make use of it to some great cause. Money is the means by _______________ we may fulfill our
purpose in a better way. Everyone should, in his own way, make an effort to amass some money.
Some will need the money for their daily wants. Others seek to swell the _______________ that
they desire to leave to their children. Some only desire money so that they can devote it to some
noble enterprise or charity. Finally, a large number see money chiefly as a means of immediate
gratification. Whatever the reason, everyone capable of earning one’s _______________ should
learn how to manage it well in order to _______________ that they will have enough of it to apply
to the causes that they choose. I’m not referring directly to money here, _______________ the
objective of wealth creation is to make more money and then put that to work to make more money
again. This time, I am talking about education. If you are operating only on the education you
acquireat school or university you need more.There aren’t even classes that teach good money
management skills. The lessons we presently learn at school are just _______________ for wealth
creation. For that, you need to learn many more things—like mindsets, emotional control and basic
investment.
10. Put the bracketed words in the right tense or form.
 Child labor in India is a serious and extensive problem. Children under the age of 14 are forced to
work in glass-blowing, fireworks, and most commonly, carpet-making factories. While the
Government of India reports about 20 million children (labor) _______________, other non-
governmental organizations estimate the number to be close to 50 million. Most of them come from
the northern part of India. The (exploit) _______________ nature of child labor has become an
accepted practice, and is viewed by the local population as necessary to overcome the extreme
(poor) _______________ in the region. Child labor is one of the main components of the carpet
industry. Factories pay children much (little) _______________ money than what adults are ready
to work for, while forcing the youngsters to slave under (hazard) _______________ and
unhygienic labor conditions. Many of these children are migrant workers, the majority coming from
northern India, and (send )_______________ away by their families to become the most important
(contribute) _______________ to their income. The children’s enduranceof the sordid conditions
of the carpet factories isbeyond imagination.

11. Circle the right alternative.

It has never been impossible to make it in life without parents, some children lose their parents
at a young age and others may be adopted, or their parents might not be around because they're
sick or in prison, parents might even be (enough / too / so) sick mentally to take care of their
children, or maybe they just walked out on them at a young age. But, that doesn't have to stop the
children from (growing / bringing / raising) up and becoming doctors, lawyers, actors or even
anything else they want to be. They are (likely / similarly / probably) to survive even without
parents, on their own. Inadequate schools, the lack of them, or even the expense of schooling
leaves some children with (much / few / little) else to do but work. All they have to do is make
sure they finish school and try to pursue their education beyond the first stage because, high school
is free and that will (disable / enable/ unable) them to at least have that high school education.
They can then apply for other assistance which will (make / let / help) them to get other skills
that they will need for a future career, there are so many resources out there that can help them,
they have to make sure they gain some skills first sothat they can get a job. They can also apply for
some financial aid for school or training. And (throughout / through / thorough) these
assistance programs, they can find out about how to get money for their personal and housing
needs. At a young age, living without parents will require gaining assets and that’s what career
success is all about.
12. Fill in the blanks with 7 words from the box.

* determined * embarrassed * knowledge * deemed * hinder * endure * master *

* neglected * servants *

I was not brought up by anybody. No one seemed to care for me till I was able to work. No one
ever spoke of my father or mother, but I learned that a curse was attached to my race, that my
African blood would forever exclude me from the higher walks of life. This seemed hard to
_______________________, because my complexion was almost white. Although I was a
_______________________ slave, I had a desire for _______________________. Without books
and teachers and schools I was_______________________to learn. I was aware that my
________________________ never permitted his slaves to be taught. Slaves were slaves to him.
He regarded them as horses or other domestic animals. He supplied their necessities of food and
clothing, but _______________________ the idea of equality and fraternity absurd. But “where
there is a will, there is a way.” As I was employed about the house, my labors were easier than
those of the field ________________________, and I enjoyed intervals of rest. I would look at
some old book or newspaper, hoping that some day I would understand them. One day, I was
sitting beneath a tree, when a white woman approached me. “Child,” she said, “come to me each
day. I will teach you to read.”

13. Put the bracketed words in the right tense or form. Mind the spelling!

Much of the chocolate we enjoy may be tainted by child slavery. Anti-Slavery International’s latest
research shows the continuation of child trafficking, a form of modern slavery, to cocoa farms in the
Ivory Coast, which produces almost 40% of the world’s cocoa. Instead of going to school young
boys (force) _______________________ to spend long days hacking open cocoa pods with
machetes, handling dangerous pesticides and carrying heavy loads - work that is considered
extremely (hazard) ______________________, can lead to injury and ill-health, and that no
young child should have to do. Many global companies make large profits from cocoa producedby
children (work) _______________________in the cocoa sector in the Ivory Coast.
Big multinational commodity trading companies buy cocoa sourced from Ivorian cocoa farms where
children in slavery are (regular) _______________________found, and export it to the global
brands which make and sell chocolate worldwide. Sustained action from (concern)
_____________________ consumers has pressuredsome of the world’s major chocolate companies
to take (responsible)______________________ to end the appalling practice of using child
slaveswithin cocoa production. However, the trading companies (sit) _____________________ by
and done little totackle the issue.
14. Circle the right alternative.

Tears and joy mixed Saturday as a panel of foster-parent advocates discussed their experiences
of taking in teenagers. "I've seen Matthew come into my home hardly trusting ( anyone / no
one / none ), but now he's ( willing / reluctant / impertinent ) to give his biological mom a
second chance," said Hooper resident Tara Adamson, one of several foster mothers who spoke. The
meeting at Holy Family Catholic Church was one in a series throughout the Wasatch Front designed
to ( get / let / have ) more families to foster teenagers. "We don't want to have higher-level care
just because we don't have homes for them," Little said, noting that group homes and other more
expensive facilities are often ( acquired / inquired / required ) when foster families aren't
available for teens. "We definitely need resources," said Sarah Pomeroy, coordinator of a Utah
Foster Care Foundation program that helps teens ( make / making / made ) the transition to
living as adults. "We don't have enough homes to take in these kids,( have we / do we /
don’t we ) ?" And foster families are preferredover other options, said the foster care advocates.

15. Put the bracketed words in the right form or tense.

The economic situation of children is an insult to Humanity and constitutes a human rights
(violate)_________________. All over the world, but essentially, in poverty-stricken countries,
children are bonded into forced labour in order to pay off a debt or simply allow their families
(survive)__________________. Millions are working in (human) _________________
occupations in the industry or are so (exploit)_________________ that they are considered as 21 st
century slaves. Usually, children perform tasks without any training. As there is hardly any safety,
they are also directly exposed to (hazard) ___________________ which can endangertheir health
and even cause death. Whether they work as field(labour)__________________ picking coffee or
spraying pesticides, or as industrial workers stitching balls, they earn only meager wages. Recently
the International Labour Organization (push) __________________recommendations to
imposemuch (strict)_____________________ regulations and ask for tough fines against
offenders.

16. Fill in the gaps with 8 words from the box.

fortunate* abusive * get * grow up* loss*grief* make* treatment* bring up * rather
With any negative situation in life it can help to keep in mind that most lives are not perfect. Some
young people have their parents, but one or both of them is __________________. People who do
have very close relationships with parents can suffer more ____________________ when they lose
them. People who are young when they must face life without parents usually
________________________ a little faster in some ways. At the same time, people without parents
may feel they have "been chosen" for unfair ____________________. Trying to put the situation
into perspective, and saying, "I will not let this take more from me than it already has" can help. It
is always important to focus on what you have,_____________________ than what you don't have
- and may never have. If you had good parents once but lost them keep in mind how
_____________________ you are to havehad them once, and remember that you brought them
joy. If you have never had parents in your life keep in mind that - whether it is ideal or not - each
and every one of us is an individual and can live without parents if necessary. If the situation of not
having parents is fairly recent, tell yourself not to think about it for now. You can "process" it all
later, when the _______________________ is not so new. For now, get through the days by finding
positive things to think about and by being with people who can _____________________ you
laugh.

17. Circle the right alternative.

SarfrazNajeib bitterly criticized the all-white jury which acquitted Leeds United players Lee Bowyer
and JonathanWoodgate of committing serious bodily harm, but found Woodgate guilty of violent
behavior in a public place.SarfrazNajeib believed the ( juries’ decision / jury’s decisions / jury's
decision ) was 'absolutely perverse'. 'In today's Britain, Asian people feel they are going to be
( robbed / denied / deprived )justice because of all-white juries.'Sarfraz, ( who / whom /
whose ) leg, nose and cheekbone were broken during an assault by five men in January last year,
disputed trial judge’s ruling that racism had ( nothing / something / anything ) to do with it,
( does it / hadn’t it / did it )? His complaint about the jury is impossible to assess, because its
deliberations were heldentirely in private.The victim and his family considered Woodgate's sentence
to 100 hours community service as ( so / such / too )lenient. Both players are now free to resume
their interrupted Leeds careers, although (either / none / neither ) was due to play in their club's
home game today against Leicester City.Bowyer, who had been banned from playing for England
since the incident, is now likely to make his international debut soon.

18. Put the words between brackets in the right tense or form.

For 20 years, a civil war raged in Afghanistan. Two years ago, a group called the Taliban took
control of most of the country. It (recently/impose) ____________________ strict rules
forbidding music and television and restricting the rights of women. An Afghan journalist told TFK
his daughter's story:
Even when bombs(fall) ______________________ on Kabul (Afghanistan's capital), my 10-year-
old daughter Rahula would scurry down the dusty lanes to her one-room school. Learning mattered
to her. Then, one day, the guns fell silent. The conquerors came rolling into the city in tanks. At first
Rahula was happy with the new Taliban government. It brought peace and punished (offend)
_____________________. Then the Taliban started makinga lot (harsh) ________________ rules
for everyone. They got all the women and girls (stay) ___________________ home.Last June,
Rahula's mom gave her some bad news. There was a new rule: only boys could go to school. Rahula
thought the law showed real (fair) ___________________. How could she become a doctor? Her
mother hadgone to college. Why couldn't she? Our family got together with neighbors. (secret)
_________________, we hired a teacher for our daughters. We are breaking the law. Rahula
hopes that one day girls (have)_____________________ the same opportunities as boys.

19. Fill in the gaps with 7 words from the box.

* improperly * threats * hindering * slavery * renewed * impertinently * estimate *

unaware * deemed * enduring *

Child workers, some as young as 10, have been found working in a textile factory in conditions close
to _______________________ to produce clothes that appear destined for Gap Kids, one of the
most successful arms of the high street giant. Speaking to The Observer, the children described long
hours of hazardous work, as well as _________________ and beatings. Gap said it was
______________________ that clothing intended for the Christmas market had been
________________________ subcontracted while it investigated breaches of the ethical code
imposed by it three years ago. The discovery of the children _________________ appalling
conditions in the ShahpurJat area of Delhi has ______________________ concerns about the
outsourcing by large retail chains of their garment production to India, recognized by the United
Nations as the world’s capital for child labour. According to one ______________________, more
than 20% of India’s economy is dependent on children, the equivalent of 55 million youngsters
under 14.
KEY
1. ability / have seen / increasingly / committed / equality / hinder / Oppression / literacy

2. to put / increasing / has recognized / be known / contribution / independent / making /

knowledge / becoming / was

3. ensure / can / to / more / Although / recognizing / as well as

4. to empower / poverty / growth / are currently denied / based / promoting / confidence / enable

5. no longer / duties / after / daycare / income / dual / extremely / fulltime / while / quit

6. duties / more / However / to have / up / harmed / how / may reduce

7. highlight / priorities / empowerment / contributions / had / tribute / raising

8. juggling / fitting / household / management / guilty / yourself / delay / so that

9. which / fortune / living / ensure / although / improper

10.labo(u)rers / exploitative / poverty / less / hazardous / sent / contributor

11.too / growing / likely / little / enable / help / through

12.endure / neglected / knowledge / determined / master / deemed / servants

13. are forced / hazardous / working / regularly / concerned / responsibility / have sat

14.anyone / willing / get / required / make / do we

15.violation / to survive / inhuman / exploited / /hazards / labourers / has pushed / stricter

16.abusive / grief / grow up / treatment / rather / fortunate / loss / make

17.jury’s decision / denied / whose / nothing / did it / too / neither

18.has recently imposed / were falling / offenders / harsher / stay / unfairness / Secretly / will have

19.slavery / threats / unaware / improperly / enduring / renewed / estimate