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    Judiciary Branch of The Philippines

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    babyannomongos
    The Philippine judiciary consists of the Supreme Court and three levels of lower courts. The Supreme Court is the highest court and settles actual controversies involving legally enforceable rights. Lower courts include the municipal trial courts, metropolitan trial courts, regional trial courts, Court of Appeals, Sandiganbayan, and Shari'a courts. The Supreme Court has administrative and judicial functions including supervision of the judiciary and judicial review. It is composed of one Chief Justice and fourteen Associate Justices appointed by the President.

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    Judiciary Branch of The Philippines

    Uploaded by

    babyannomongos
    18 views22 pages
    The Philippine judiciary consists of the Supreme Court and three levels of lower courts. The Supreme Court is the highest court and settles actual controversies involving legally enforceable rights. Lower courts include the municipal trial courts, metropolitan trial courts, regional trial courts, Court of Appeals, Sandiganbayan, and Shari'a courts. The Supreme Court has administrative and judicial functions including supervision of the judiciary and judicial review. It is composed of one Chief Justice and fourteen Associate Justices appointed by the President.

    Original Title

    JUDICIARY BRANCH OF THE PHILIPPINES

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    The Philippine judiciary consists of the Supreme Court and three levels of lower courts. The Supreme Court is the highest court and settles actual controversies involving legally enforceable rights. Lower courts include the municipal trial courts, metropolitan trial courts, regional trial courts, Court of Appeals, Sandiganbayan, and Shari'a courts. The Supreme Court has administrative and judicial functions including supervision of the judiciary and judicial review. It is composed of one Chief Justice and fourteen Associate Justices appointed by the President.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    18 views22 pages

    Judiciary Branch of The Philippines

    Uploaded by

    babyannomongos
    The Philippine judiciary consists of the Supreme Court and three levels of lower courts. The Supreme Court is the highest court and settles actual controversies involving legally enforceable rights. Lower courts include the municipal trial courts, metropolitan trial courts, regional trial courts, Court of Appeals, Sandiganbayan, and Shari'a courts. The Supreme Court has administrative and judicial functions including supervision of the judiciary and judicial review. It is composed of one Chief Justice and fourteen Associate Justices appointed by the President.

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    of 22

    The Judicial Branch

    of Government

    The Philippine
    Judiciary

    The judiciary of the Philippines


    consists of the Supreme Court, which
    is established in the Constitution, and
    three levels of lower courts, which are
    established through law by the
    Congress of the Philippines.
    Essential Features of
    the Judicial Branch
    of the Philippine
    As indicatedGovernment
    in Article VIII of the
    1987 Philippine Constitution as of
    July 15, 2020, on the webpage of
    The Official Gazette of the Philippine
    Government, the judicial power shall
    be vested in one Supreme Court and
    in such lower courts as may be
    established by law.
    Judicial power includes the duty of the
    courts of justice to settle actual
    controversies involving rights that are
    legally demandable and enforceable
    and to determine whether or not there
    has been a grave abuse of discretion
    amounting to lack or excess of
    jurisdiction on the part of any branch
    or instrumentality of the Government.
    The role of the judiciary is
    important because this branch
    interprets the meaning of laws,
    applies laws to individual cases,
    and decides if laws violate the
    Constitution.

    According to the Judiciary


    Organization Act of 1980, the
    Philippine judicial system is
    composed of lower courts and
    the highest court.
    I.
    Lower
    Courts
    Municipal Trial Courts
    and Municipal Circuit
    Trial Court

    Every municipality in the Philippines


    has a municipal trial court. It is
    called a municipal court if it covers
    only one municipality; it is called a
    municipal circuit court if it covers
    two or more municipalities.
    Metropolitan Trial
    Courts and Municipal
    Trial Courts in Cities
    Every municipality in the Philippines
    has a municipal trial court. It is
    called a municipal court if it covers
    only one municipality; it is called a
    municipal circuit court if it covers
    two or more municipalities.
    Regional Trial
    Courts (RTC)
    Regional Trial Courts are called
    second-level courts and are divided
    into thirteen judicial regions
    (further subdivided into several
    branches). RTCs are called
    appellate courts because these
    courts hear appeals and review the
    decisions of lower courts.
    Shari’a Courts
    Shari’a Courts settle legal
    conflicts between Muslim
    Filipinos in the sphere of
    customary and personal laws.
    Court of Appeals
    The Court of Appeals has
    jurisdiction over appeals
    from the decision of the
    Regional Trial Courts.
    Sandiganbayan
    The Court of Appeals has
    jurisdiction over appeals
    from the decision of the
    Regional Trial Courts.
    II.
    Highest
    Court
    Supreme Court
    The Supreme Court is the highest court in the
    Philippines. It is the final court that decides on
    any and all judicial issues. It can review, revise,
    reverse, modify, or affirm, final judgments and
    orders of the lower court. The most common
    reason by which a case reaches the Supreme
    Court is through an appeal from a decision
    rendered by a lower court. Appealed cases
    generally originate from cases tried in the trial
    courts. The Supreme Court does not entertain
    cases originally filed before it that should have
    been filed first with the trial courts.
    Functions of the
    Supreme Court
    There are two categories in the
    functions of the Supreme Court:
    administrative and judicial.
    Administrative
    Functions
    Supervision and control over the
    judicial branch of the government
    and its employees.

    Declare rules for admission into the


    practice of law, for legal assistance
    to the underprivileged, and the
    procedural rules to be observed in all
    courts throughout the country.
    Judicial
    Functions
    Settlement of actual controversies
    involving rights that are legally
    demandable and enforceable.

    Judicial Review or the power of the


    Supreme Court to inquire into the
    constitutionality of the acts of both
    the executive and legislative
    branches of government.
    Composition of
    Supreme Court
    As indicated in Article VIII of the 1987
    Philippine Constitution, the Supreme
    Court is composed of one (1) Chief
    Justice and fourteen (14) Associate
    Justices. The Philippine President
    appoints members of the judiciary from a
    list submitted by the Judicial and Bar
    Council which is under the supervision of
    the Supreme Court.
    Qualifications
    The following are the requirements to be
    appointed to the Supreme Court:

    A natural-born citizen of the Philippines

    At least 50 years old at the time of


    appointment

    Must have been a judge of a lower court or


    engaged in the practice of law in the country
    for 15 years or more

    Must be a person of proven competence,


    integrity, probity, and independence.
    Tenure of Service
    The term of office of Supreme Court
    members is not fixed. Their tenure
    during good behavior is until they
    reach seventy years old or become
    incapacitated to perform their duties.
    They can be removed from their
    position only through impeachment.
    III.
    Katarungang
    Pambarangay
    As of July 15, 2020, The Official Gazette of the
    Philippine Government mentioned under the topic
    of Philippine Judiciary the existence of Katarungang
    Pambarangay. Through Katarungang Pambarangay
    Law (Presidential Decree No. 1508), a system of
    amicably settling disputes at the barangay level
    was established.

    It aims to promote the speedy administration of


    justice by easing the congestion of court dockets.
    The court does not take cognizance of cases filed if
    they are not filed first with the Katarungang
    Pambarangay.
    References
    https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1054885.

    https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1994/03
    /25/republic-act-no-7691/. n.d.

    https://www.dbm.gov.ph/wpcontent/upload
    s/OPCCB/OPIF2010/JUDICIARY/SC.pdf.n.d.

    https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/about/g
    ov/judiciary/.n.d.

    https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/constitut
    ions/1987-constitution/#articleviii.

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