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    EU2-Chap 4

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    Kevin Mark Ilagan
    The document discusses thermodynamic characteristics of gases including: 1) Specific heats at constant pressure (cp) and constant volume (cv) for air, as well as the ratio between them (k). 2) Boyle's, Charles', and Gay-Lussac's laws describing the relationships between pressure, volume, temperature and number of moles for ideal gases. 3) The ideal gas law relating pressure, volume, temperature, amount of gas and the gas constant.

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    EU2-Chap 4

    Uploaded by

    Kevin Mark Ilagan
    15 views2 pages
    The document discusses thermodynamic characteristics of gases including: 1) Specific heats at constant pressure (cp) and constant volume (cv) for air, as well as the ratio between them (k). 2) Boyle's, Charles', and Gay-Lussac's laws describing the relationships between pressure, volume, temperature and number of moles for ideal gases. 3) The ideal gas law relating pressure, volume, temperature, amount of gas and the gas constant.

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    The document discusses thermodynamic characteristics of gases including: 1) Specific heats at constant pressure (cp) and constant volume (cv) for air, as well as the ratio between them (k). 2) Boyle's, Charles', and Gay-Lussac's laws describing the relationships between pressure, volume, temperature and number of moles for ideal gases. 3) The ideal gas law relating pressure, volume, temperature, amount of gas and the gas constant.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    15 views2 pages

    EU2-Chap 4

    Uploaded by

    Kevin Mark Ilagan
    The document discusses thermodynamic characteristics of gases including: 1) Specific heats at constant pressure (cp) and constant volume (cv) for air, as well as the ratio between them (k). 2) Boyle's, Charles', and Gay-Lussac's laws describing the relationships between pressure, volume, temperature and number of moles for ideal gases. 3) The ideal gas law relating pressure, volume, temperature, amount of gas and the gas constant.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 2

    CHAPTER 4: THERMODYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF GASES

     Specific heat at a constant pressure, cp


    Boyle’s Law  Specific heat at a constant volume, cV
     The pressure of a given quantity of a gas varies
    inversely as its volume, at constant For air:
    temperature.  cp = 0.24 Btu / lb Ro = 1.00 kJ / kg Ko
     p1V1 = p2V2 or pV = constant, c  cV = 0.17 Btu / lb Ro = 0.72 kJ / kg Ko
    CP
    Charles’ Law ∴ k=
    CV
     At constant pressure, the volume of a given
    For air: k = 14
    quantity of a gas varies directly as its absolute
    temperature.
    When Cp is substituted in the equation
    V1 T1 V
     = or =C  Q=mc P (T 2 −T 1)
    V2 T2 T Then Q is the heat transferred
    during a constant pressure process.
    Gay-Lussac’s Law
     Pressure of a given quantity of gas varies When CV is substituted in the equation
    directly as its absolute temperature, the volume  Q=mc V (T 2 −T 1)
    remaining constant
    Then Q is the heat transferred
    P1 T 1 P during a constant volume process.
     = or =C
    P2 T 2 T
    Joule’s Law
    Combined Gas Law  The internal energy of a perfect gas is
    P 1 V 1 P 2 V 2 PV independent of the pressure or volume and
     = or =C depends only on its temperature.
    T1 T2 T  At constant volume process, since there is no

    Avogadro’s Law
    change of volume, dV = 0 and ∫ pDV =0. But
     At the same temperature and pressure, the at constant volume, Q=mc V (T 2 −T 1).
    volume occupied by a gas sample is directly  ∴ ∆ U=Q since W = 0.
    proportional to the number of moles, n, of the
    gas  ∆ U = m c V (T 2 −T 1 )
     V ∝n In differential form,
     dU = m c V dT
    Ideal Gas Law
     pV = mRT
    Relation between cp, cv, k and R
    p = pressure
     To find the relationships among these quantities,
    V = volume
    let a gas undergo a non-flow constant pressure
    m = mass
    process and use the simple energy equation. By
    R = gas constant for gas
    using pV = mRT and noting up p is a constant.
    T = absolute temperature
    We find:

    R  c P − c V =R
     R= R
    M  cV =
    R = universal gas constant k−1
    kJ Btu kR
    R=8.314 =1.9859  c P=
    kg ∙ mole ∙ K lb∙ mole ∙ R k −1
    kg
    M = molecular mass of the gas in Enthalpy of a Perfect Gas
    kg ∙ mole  ∆ H =m c P (T 2 − T 1 )
    In differential form,
    Variation of the Specific Heat
     dH = mcP dT

    Entropy of a Perfect Gas


     This property of a substance remains constant if
    no heat enters or leaves the substance while it
    does work, but changes when small amount of
    heat enter or leave.
     Adding heat to a body increases disorder
    because it increases the average molecular
    speeds and therefore the randomness of
    molecular motion.
    T2
     ∆ S=m c P ln
    T1

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