Piping CBT Latest Notes

1- A carbon steel ASTM A 53 Grade B material is being impact tested. What is the minimum energy
requirement for this material (average for 3 specimens-fully deoxidized steel)?
a. 7 ft-lbs b. 10 ft-lbs c. 13 ft-lbs d. 15 ft-lbs

Answer: C, ASME B31.3,323.3.5, Table 323.3.5

Tips
Slab for KSI 65 ksi 75 ksi 95 ksi (P-No. 6, 7, 8, 10H, 10I)
Energy Ft-lbf (Avg.) 13 15 20 LE 0.38 mm
Energy Ft-lbf (Idv.) 10 12 15 LE 0.38 mm

1KSI = 6.894 Mpa

1ft-lbf = 1.355 Joules

Answer: C, ASME B31.3,323.3.5,Table 323.3.5

2- Two different thickness to be welded, say 10mm and 6 mm, What is the permitted angle and
misalignment?
a. 30° and 1.5 mm,
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b. b. 37.5° and 1.5 mm
c. 30° and 2.4 mm
d. 37.5° and 2.4 mm

Answer: A, ASME B31.3, Fig. K328.4.3

3- When two different materials (say P1 and P3) are joined by welding, Which preheating temperature will
be dominant:
a. P1, b. P3 c. Average of P1 and P3, d. P1 and P3 can’t be welded

Answer: B, ASME B31.3, 330.2.1 (When welding two different P-No. materials, the preheat
temperature shall be the higher temperature for the material being welded)

NOTE:
(4) Maximum interpass temperature 315°C (600°F).
(5) Maintain interpass temperature between 150°C and 230°C (300°F and 450°F).

330.1.4 Preheat Zone. the larger of 75 mm (3 in.) or 1.5 times the greater nominal thickness
for tack welds => not less than 25 mm (1 in.) in all directions from the point of welding.

4- The joint factor can be increased by additional examination on which of the following pipe joint:

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a. Electric fusion weld, b. ERW c. Furnace butt weld d. Casting

Answer: A, ASME B31.3, Table 302.3.4

WELD JOINT QUALITY FACTORS AND CASTING QUALITY FACTORS
The inspector should be able to determine the weld joint quality factor “Ej” of a longitudinal pipe weld joint. The inspector should be able
to determine:
a) Casting Quality factor, E.g. from B31.3, 302.3.3 (b) and Table A-1A
b) Weld Joint Quality factors from ASME B31.3, 302.3.4 and Table A-1B;
c) Increased Joint Quality Factors by performing supplemental NDE from ASME B31.3 Table 302.3.4;
Determining weld joint quality factor may be part of an internal pressure problem since the joint factor Ej is used in the formulas for
determining required thickness or internal design pressure.

Question 4.a: The primary purpose of allocating a weld quality factor to a longitudinal pipe weld is to take into account which one of these?
(a) The increased stress on a weld (b) Limitations on the NDE performed on the weld (c) The increased strength of the weld over
the parent material
(d) Lack of documentation about the welding procedure

Answer: B – See ASME B31.3, 302.3.4 and Table A-1B. This factor will be used in calculating the Thickness, MAWP of
piping.

Question 4.b: The Inspector finds that ERW (electric resistance weld) pipe is used in a piping system. What longitudinal joint factor (Ej )
would be used to calculate the required thickness for pressure?
a. 0.85 b. 0.60 c. 0.80 d. 0.90

Answer: A – See Table 302.3.4

(1) It is not permitted to increase the joint quality factor by additional examination for joint 1 or 2.

Question 4.c: The joint factor cannot be increased by additional examination on which of the following longitudinal pipe joint:
a. Electric fusion weld, single butt weld, straight or spiral, without filler metal.
b. Electric fusion weld, double butt weld, straight or spiral.
c. Electric fusing weld, single butt weld, straight or spiral with filler metal.
d. Electric resistance weld, straight or spiral,

Answer: D – See Table 302.3.4 above.

Question 4.d: What is the longitudinal weld quality factor of an A691 Class 13 pipe that has received additional spot radiography as
allowed by B31.3?
a. 0.85 b. 0.60 c. 0.80 d. 0.90

Answer: D – See Table 302.3.4 and Table A-1B

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Question 4.e: What is the allowed casting quality factor (Ec) for Austenitic Steel Casting – A351 that has been fully radiographed and all
surfaces have been MT tested?
a. 0.85 b. 0.60 c. 1.00 d. 0.90

Answer: C – See table 302.3.3C and Table A-1A

5- ASME B31.3 covers:

a) Fired heaters b) Refineries and Process piping c) Cross country pipeline d) Gas Plants

Answer: B, ASME B31.3, 300.1

6- For Pneumatic Leak Test, the test pressure shall not exceed:
a) 1.1 design pressure b) 1.33 design pressure and 0.9 yield strength c) 1.5 design pressure

Answer: B, ASME B31.3, 345.5.4

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7- For welding 8 mm base metal, what is the maximum allowable weld height is:
A. 1.5 mm, B. 4.5 mm, C. 2.0 mm, D. 3.0 mm

Base metal thickness: 6 mm 13 mm 25 mm

Weld height: 1.5 mm 3 mm 4 mm 5 mm

Answer: D, ASME B31.3, Table 341.3.2 Criterion Value Notes

8- impact testing is not required for design minimum temperature–thickness combination when it’s:
a. On Curve, b. Below Curve, c. Above Curve, d. On or Above Curve

Answer: D, ASME B31.3, 323.2.2 b (b)

more toughness Carve D > Carve C > Carve B > Carve A Less toughness
Example: 10 Inch ASTM A 106 Gr.B, 1 inch wall thickness (Sch 140) with 10 Deg F Minimum Design Material
Temperature (MDMT).

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9- For pneumatic test, the pressure shall be gradually increased until a gage pressure that is the lesser
of_____ test pressure or 170 kPa (25 psi) is attained.
a. 25% b. 10% c. 50% d. 5%

345.5.5 Procedure. The pressure shall be gradually increased until a gage pressure that is the lesser of one-half the test
pressure or 170 kPa (25 psi) is attained, at which time a preliminary check shall be made, including examination of
joints.
Answer: C, ASME B31.3, 345.5.5

10- Unless otherwise specified by the engineering design, the following records shall be retained for at least
5 years after the record is generated for the project:
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 a. examination procedures b. examination personnel qualifications
c. examination reports d. All of the above

346.3 Retention of Records

Unless otherwise specified by the engineering design, the following records shall be retained for at least 5 years after the record
is generated for the project:
(a) examination procedures
(b) examination personnel qualifications
(c) examination reports

Answer: D, ASME B31.3, 346.3

11- For impact testing, each set of impact test specimens shall consist of specimen bars:
a. 3 b. 2 c. 4 d. 1
Answer: A, ASME B31.3, 323.3.3
12- NPS 2 schedule 80 (0.218” wall) is welded into a NPS 6 Schedule 40 (0.280” wall) header. What
size cover fillet weld is required around the fully penetrated groove weld of the branch into the
header? (Express answer to nearest hundredth)
a. 0.15” b. 0.20” c. 0.22” d. 0.25”

Answer: A, ASME B31.3, Fig 328.5.4D (tc = lesser of 0.7 Tb or ¼” 6 mm)

13- Pneumatic test pressure shall be not less than the design pressure.
a. 140%
b. 133%
c. 110%
d. 150%

Answer: C, ASME B31.3, 345.5.5

14- Branch lateral to pipe offset is:

a. 1.5 mm
b. 3.2 mm
c. 4.5 mm
d. 2.5 mm

Answer: B, ASME B31.3, Fig 328.4.4 (m= lesser of 3.2 mm or ½ branch thickness)

15- At the owner ’s option, a piping system, which Category may be subjected to an initial service leak test
A. Category M B. Lethal C. Normal Category D. Category D

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345.7 Initial Service Leak Test This test is applicable only to piping in Category D Fluid Service, at the owner’s option.
See para. 345.1(a).
Answer: D, ASME B31.3, 345.5.5

16- Flange bolt holes shall be aligned within maximum offset

A. 3 mm B. 1.5 mm C. 0.8 mm D. 2 mm

335.1 Alignment
(c) Flanged Joints. Unless otherwise specified in the engineering design, flanged joints shall be aligned as described in (1)
or (2), and (3). (1) Before bolting, mating gasket contact surfaces shall be aligned to each other within 1 mm in 200
mm (1∕16 in./ft), measured across any diameter.
(2) The flanged joint shall be capable of being bolted such that the gasket contact surfaces bear uniformly on the gasket.
(3) Flange bolt holes shall be aligned within 3 mm (1∕8 in.) maximum offset.
Answer: A, ASME B31.3, 335.1 (3)

17- PWHT could be checked by using

A. UT B. PT C. RT D. Hardness Survey

Answer: D, ASME B31.3, 331.1.7 (2010 edition), and API 577, 9.10.1

18- Which has the highest thermal expansion?

A. Stainless steel B. Cu C. CS D. Low Alloy Steel

Answer: B, ASME B31.3, Appendix C, Table C-1 (Sequence of material from highest to lowest: Aluminum,
Brass, Bronze, Copper, SS, Monel, Nickel, low alloy steels, carbon steel, Titanium)

19- According to ASME B16.5, Flange shell test value shall be

a. 1.1 Design pressure b. 1.5 times pressure rating c. 1.33 pressure rating
d. Flanges are not required to be pressure tested

Answer: D, ASME B16.5, Para No. 8.1 Flange Test, Flanges are not required to be pressure tested.

20- Material for components that meet the requirements for more than one specification or grade, The
multiple marking shall be in accordance with the guidelines set out in:
a. ASME B16.5 b. AMSE B16.47 c. ASME BPVC Section II, Part D d. ASME B31.3

Answer: C, ASME B16.5, Para No. 4.2.8: The multiple marking shall be in accordance with the guidelines set out
in ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section II, Part D, Mandatory Appendix 7.

21- Material flanged fittings in accordance to ASME B16.5 cover sizes:

a. NPS 1⁄2 through NPS 24 b. NPS 2 through NPS 24 c. NPS 1 through NPS 26 d. NPS 1⁄2 through NPS 48

Answer: A, ASME B16.5, 1.1 (a)

22- Maximum size for flanges in accordance to ASME B16.5:

a. NPS 26 b. NPS 24 c. NPS 48 d. NPS 12

ASME B16.5, 1.1 (a) flanges and flanged fittings. Included are (1) flanges with rating class designations 150,
300, 400, 600, 900, and 1500 in sizes NPS 1∕2 through NPS 24
and flanges with rating class designation 2500 in sizes NPS 1∕2 through NPS 12,
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Answer: B

23- Either a serrated concentric or serrated spiral finish having a resultant surface finish from average
roughness shall be furnished.
a. 125 µin to 250 µin b. 150 µin to 250 µin c. 125 µmm to 250 µmm d. 63 µin
Answer: A, ASME B16.5, 6.4.5.3 Other Flange Facings. Either a serrated concentric or serrated spiral finish having a
resultant surface finish from 3.2 μm to 6.3 μm (125 μin. to 250 μin.) average roughness shall be furnished.
24- Ring Joint side wall surface finish shall not exceed roughness.
a. 125 µin b. 63 µin c. 250 µmm d. 1.6 µin
Answer: B, ASME B16.5, 6.4.5.2 Ring Joint. The side wall surface finish of the gasket groove shall not exceed
1.6 μm (63 μin.) roughness.
25- Class 150 flanged joints may develop leakage problems above temperature:
a. 750° F b. 300° F c. 400° F d. 600° F
Answer: C, ASME B16.5, Para No. 2.5.2 At temperatures above 200°C (400°F) for Class 150 and above 400°C
(750°F) for other class designations, flanged joints may develop leakage problems unless care is taken to
avoid imposing severe external loads, severe thermal gradients, or both.
26- Which of the following is considered as high strength bolting:
a. ASTM A193 Gr B7 b. ASTM A193 Gr B5 c. ASTM A320 Gr B8 CL2 d. ASTM A193 Gr B7M
Answer: A, ASME B16.5, Para No.5.3.2 High-Strength Bolting. Bolting materials having allowable stresses not
less than those for ASTM A193Grade B7 are listed as high strength in Table 1B.
27- Fitting local areas having less than minimum wall thickness could be accepted if:
a. 0.50 √dtm , 1.25 √dtm b. 0.30 √dtm , 1.95 √dtm c. 0.35 √dtm , 1.75 √dtm
d. 0.35 √dtm , 0.75 √dtm

Answer: C, ASME B16.5, Para No. 6.1.2 Fitting Local Areas. Local areas having less than minimum wall
thickness are acceptable, provided that all of the following conditions are satisfied:
(a) The area of subminimum thickness can be enclosed by a circle whose diameter is no greater than 0.35
√dtm,
where d = inside diameter, and tm = minimum wall thickness as shown in the tables listed in para. 6.1.1.
(b) Measured thickness is not less than 0.75tm.
(c) Enclosure circles are separated from each other by an edge-to-edge distance of more than 1.75 √dtm.

28- For B16.5 scope, which of the following class rating is not covered?
a. 150 b. 300 c. 1500 d. None of the above
Answer: D, ASME B16.5, 1.9.1
29- The test duration of 8” flanged fitting is
a. 1 minuet. B. 2 minuets c. 3 minuets d. Flanged fitting not required to be pressure tested
Answer: B, ASME B16.5, 8.2.4

30- Fitting shell pressure rating shall be rounded off to the next higher:
a. 1 bar b. 25 PSI c. A & B d. None of the above
Answer: C, ASME B16.5, Para No 8.2.2 Test Conditions. The shell pressure test for flanged fittings shall be at a
pressure no less than 1.5 times the 38°C (100°F) pressure rating rounded off to the next higher 1 bar (25
psi) increment.
31- Flanged joints and flanged fittings may be subjected to system hydrostatic tests at :
a. 1.1 design test pressure b. 1.5 Operating pressure c. 1.5 times the 38°C (100°F) rating
d. Not required
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Answer: C, ASME B16.5, 2.6
32- Pipe flanges and flanged fittings are covered in:
a. ASME B16.5 b. ASME B31.3 c. ASME BPVC VIII Div 1 d. ASME B31.4
Answer: A, ASME B16.5, Title.
33- Flanged fitting (A105N Class 150 material) will be subjected to fluid of 370°C temp, what should be the
pressure testing value?
a. 220 PSI b. 430 PSI c. 450 PSI d. 600 PSI
Answer: C, ASME B16.5, Para No. 2.6, Table II-2-1.1 (1.5*285 = 427.5 (rounded to next 25 psi) 450 PSI)
2.6 System Hydrostatic Testing: Flanged joints and flanged fittings may be subjected to system hydrostatic
tests at a pressure of 1.5 times the 38°C (100°F) rating rounded off to the next higher 1 bar (25 psi)
increment.

34- An item that is not in accordance with specified codes, standards or other requirements
a. Non-conformance b. Non-standard c. Non applicable item d. Non compatible
Answer: A, API 570, 3.1.61
35- Which NDT method is very often technique of choice on NPS 8 and under when localized corrosion is
suspected?
a. UT b. PAUT c. PRT d. ACFM

Answer: C, API 570, 5.7.1 (Bonus: UT scanning is preferred for larger than NPS 12)
36- All of the following are examples of Supplemental Inspection except:
a. Radiography and/or thermography to check for fouling
b. Acoustic emission
c. Scanning of the areas with UT
d. Visual survey to check for pipe movement
Answer: D, API 570, 5.5.7

37- API 570 covers:

a. inspection, rating, repair, and alteration procedures for in-service piping
b. Design and inspection of power piping
c. Construction of process piping
d. Pressure vessels inspection and fabrication

Answer: A, API 570, 1.1.1

38- Which of the following is not considered as dead leg:

a. Lines with one end blanked
b. Control valve bypass piping
c. pressure relieving device inlet and outlet header piping
d. Sample points, drains, bleeders, and instrument connections.
Answer: B, API 570, 3.1.21 (stagnant control valve bypass piping)

39- As part of Piping Stress Analysis, what is not required to verify Piping is supported and guided:
a. Its weight is carried safely
b. It does not vibrate excessively
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c. Accounts for other loads (e.g. those included in the original code of construction)
d. Pressure loads and other applicable loads
Answer: D, API 570, 7.8

40- Soil-to-air interface generally is considered to be at least below to 6 in. (150 mm) above the soil
surface:
a. 3” b. 12” c. 10” d. 3D

Answer: B, API 570, 3.1.97

41- Any type of deterioration encountered (e.g. corrosion; cracking; erosion; dents) is called:
a. Damage Mechanism b. Damage type c. Defect d. Inclusion
Answer: A, API 570, 3.1.19
42- Components of a piping system that normally have little or no significant flow
a. Dummy leg b. Blanked branches c. Auxiliary piping d. Dead-legs
Answer: D, API 570, 3.1.21
43- Considerations for corrosion under insulation includes:
a. Low points of sagging lines b. Evidence of fluid leakage c. Condition/age of the external
coating d. All of the above
Answer: D, API 570, 5.8
44- As per API 570, Hydrotesting temperature need not exceed
a. 48 °C b. 60 °C c. 50 °C d. 52 °C

Answer: C, API 570, 5.11.4 (Note: in ASME B31.3 max testing temp is 49 °C)

45- Decrease in the design temperature, design pressure or both to provide increased corrosion allowance:
a. Rerating b. Alteration c. Derating d. Major repair
Answer: C, API 570, 3.1.91

46- Minimum allowed pipe wall thickness needed to hold the design pressure at the design temperature:
a. Pressure design thickness b. Structural thickness c. Nominal thickness d. Mill Thickness
Answer: A, API 570, 3.1.81
47- The holiday pipe coating survey can be used to:
a. Relative classification of the soil corrosivity, b. Locate external coating defects on buried coated pipes
c. Girth welds surface defects d. Joint leakage
Answer: B, API 574, 11.7.2.3
48- Which NDE method used to check for fouling and internal plugging:
a. ACFM b. PT c. UT d. RT
Answer: D, API 570, 5.5.7
49- As per API 570, Flange fasteners should be fully engaged, Any fastener failing to do so is considered
acceptably engaged if:
a. Nut and fastener end are flushed b. lack of engagement is one thread
c. lack of engagement is two threads d. Two threads appearing outside nut surface
Answer: B, API 570, 5.15 (if ASME B31.3 used, then A is correct answer , check 335.2.3)
50- Bodies of valves that operate in severe cyclic temperature service shall be checked for:
a. Fouling and corrosion build-ups b. Erosion
c. Local corrosion d. Internally for cracks
Answer: D, API 574, 10.3.4
51- Water may not be suitable as a test fluid in some piping systems, such as:
a. Oil-transfer lines b. Hot or volatile oil lines
c. Toxic and lethal service d. Acid lines, cryogenic systems, and air-drier systems

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Answer: D, API 574, 11.2
52- The ACFM technique is an electromagnetic non-contacting technique that is able to
a. Detect and size surface breaking defects b. Subsurface defects
c. Lack of fusion d. Internal cracks

Answer: A, API 577, 9.5

53- Most factors affects MIC:
a. Aqueous environments b. Hardness of material
c. Stagnant flow d. A & C
Answer: D, API 571, 3.45.3
54- Material in Amine DEA environment should be checked for:
a. Check cracking by WFMT b. Check hardness for PWHT areas
c. Check for fouling d. Check for local corrosion using UT scanning
Answer: D, API 571, 3.3.7.a (Amine Stress Corrosion Cracking)
55- Valve Inspection and Testing requirements are covered in?
a. ASME B16.36 b. API 600
c. API 598 d. ASME B31.3
Answer: C, API 598: Valve Inspection and Testing
ANSI/ ASME B16.36 Orifice Flanges
API Standard 600 Steel Gate Valves—Flanged and Butt-welding Ends, Bolted Bonnets.
API 598-Valve Inspection and Testing
ASME B31.3: Process Piping Code
56- Pipe surface imperfections considered defects if it penetrate more than?
a. 5% of nominal wall thickness b. 12½ % of nominal wall thickness
c. 10% of nominal wall thickness c. 1% of nominal wall thickness
Answer: B, ASTM A-106, 18.2
16.3 Thickness—The minimum wall thickness at any point shall not be more than 12.5 % under the
specified wall thickness.
18.2 Surface imperfections that penetrate more than 12.5% of the nominal wall thickness or encroach
on the minimum wall thickness shall be considered defects
57- Surface As an alternative to the hydrostatic test, it is permissible for the full body of pipe to be tested
with:
a. Nondestructive Electric Test b. UT
c. RT d. Pipe must be hydrotested.
Answer: A, ASTM A-106, 13.2
13.2 As an alternative to the hydrostatic test at the option of the manufacturer or where specified in the
purchase order, it shall be permissible for the full body of each pipe to be tested with a nondestructive
electric test.
58- The mass of any length of pipe shall not vary
a. 8%, 3% b. 10%, 2%
c. 5%, 2.5% d. 10%, 3.5%
Answer: D, ASTM A-106, 16.1
16.1 Mass—The mass of any length of pipe shall not vary more than 10 % over and 3.5 % under that
specified.

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 Tips:
Slab => 0.125 1.5 4 8 18 26 34 48

Over=> 0.4 0.8 1.6 2.4 3.2 4.0 4.8

Under=> 0.4 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8

59- For gasket surfaces, if there is imperfection of 3mm was observed, which code would be used to evaluate
this imperfection?
a. ASME B16.5 b. ASME B31.3
c. ASME B16.47 d. None of the above
Answer: D, ASME PCC-1, APPENDIX D
60- Procedure is a specified way to carry out an activity or process, it includes all of the following except:
a. Materials to be used b. Personnel qualifications
c. Equipment used d. Documents and records
Answer: B, ISO 10005, 3.5 Note 7

61- AS PER ASME B31.3 WHICH STATEMENT NOT TRUE FOR JOINT CLEANING:
328.4.1 Cleaning. Internal and external surfaces to be thermally cut or welded shall be clean and
free from paint, oil, rust, scale, and other material that would be detrimental to either the weld or
the base metal when heat is applied.

62- INCOMPLETE PENETRATION IN GIRTH WELD ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA AS PER 31.3?

Lesser of a) ≤38 mm /150 mm, or, b) 25 % WL => LOP / LOF

63- Slip-on and Socket weld flange: fillet weld

ASME B31.3-2016
1.5 mm, Lesser of T or 6 mm, X min = Lesser of 1.4 T or Hub Thk.

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64- Branch connection:
ASME B31.3-2016
AS per WPS, Lesser of 3.2 mm or 0.5 Tb

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65- Peening:
ASME B31.3-2016
Peening is prohibited on the root pass and final pass of a weld.

66- Seal Welding:

ASME B31.3-2016
328.5.3 Seal Welds. Seal welding shall be done by a qualified welder. Seal welds shall cover all exposed threads.
335.3.2 Joints for Seal Welding. A threaded joint to be seal welded shall be made up without thread compound.
A joint containing thread compound that leaks during leak testing may be seal welded in accordance with para. 328.5.3,
provided all compound is removed from exposed threads.

67- Package equipment:

ASME B31.3-2016
packaged equipment: an assembly of individual pieces or stages of equipment, complete with interconnecting piping and
connections for external piping. The assembly may be mounted on a skid or other structure prior to delivery.

68- Flange face damage acceptance?

ASME PCC-1–2019

69- Purpose of drip leg in steam line?

Avoid hammer effect

70- Internal gauging plate diameter?

SAES-L-450, Para No. 11.7 Except for internally coated pipe, each string shall be gauged by passing an
internal gauging plate of not less than 90% of the inside diameter for pipe sizes smaller than 20-inch
and 93% for pipe sizes 20-inch and larger.
≥ 90% ID for < 20-Inch Pipe size
≥ 93% ID for ≥ 20-Inch Pipe size

71- Cold Spring?

ASME B31.3-2016
A319.2.3 Cold Spring. Cold spring is the intentional deformation of piping during assembly to
produce a desired initial displacement or reaction. Cold spring may be beneficial in serving to
balance the magnitude of the reaction under initial and extreme displacement conditions.

72- How many types of examination?

ASME B31.3-2016, Para No. 344.1.3 type of examination:

100% examination: complete examination of all of a specified kind of item in a designated lot piping
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 random examination: complete examination of a percentage of a specified kind of item in a
designated lot of piping.
spot examination: a specified partial examination of each of a specified kind of item in a designated
lot of piping, e.g., of part of the length of all shop-fabricated welds in a lot of jacketed piping
random spot examination: a specified partial examination of a percentage of a specified kind of
item in a designated lot of piping.

73- What is autogenous weld?

ASME B31.3-2016 Para No. 300.2 Definitions

autogenous weld: a weld made by fusion of the base metal without the addition of filler metal [see
also gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW).

74- What is owner’s responsibility?

ASME B31.3-2016 Para No. B31.12 owner’s responsibility to select the Code Section
ASME B31.3-2016 Para No. 300 overall responsibility for compliance with this Code.

75- What is designer’s responsibility?

ASME B31.3-2016 Para No. 300 assurance that the engineering design

76- What is the responsibility of Manufacturer, Fabricator, and Erector?

ASME B31.3-2016 Para No. 300 providing materials, components, and workmanship in compliance.

77- What is Category D fluid?

ASME B31.3-2016 Para No. 300

(1) the fluid handled is nonflammable, nontoxic, and not damaging to human tissues as defined in para. 300.2
(2) the design gage pressure does not exceed 1 035 kPa (150 psi)
(3) the design temperature is not greater than 186°C (366°F)
(4) the fluid temperature caused by anything other than atmospheric conditions is not less than −29°C (−20°F)

1 PSI = 6.89 Kpa,

1 Bar = 14.5 PSI
1 kg/cm2 = 14.2 PSI

78- What is Category M fluid?

ASME B31.3-2016 Para No. 300

the fluid is so highly toxic that a single exposure to a very small quantity of the fluid, caused by leakage, can produce
serious irreversible harm to persons on breathing or bodily contact, even when prompt restorative measures are taken

79- What is Normal fluid?

ASME B31.3-2016 Para No. 300

a fluid service pertaining to most piping covered by this Code,

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80- What is full fillet?

ASME B31.3-2016 Para No. 300

full fillet weld: a fillet weld whose size is equal to the thickness of the thinner member joined.

81- What is Annealing?

ASME B31.3-2016 Para No. 300

full fillet weld: a fillet weld whose size is equal to the thickness of the thinner member joined.
Annealing =>
Heating 910°C ± 50°C=> UCT => Furnace Cooling => Steel => Ductility ↑ Toughness ↓ Strength ↓ Hardness ↓ Grain Large
Normalizing =>
Heating 910°C ± 50°C=> UCT => AIR Cooling => Steel => Ductility ↑ Toughness ↑ Strength ↑ Hardness ↑ softening ↑ Grain
Medium
Quenching and Hardening =>
Heating 910°C ± 50°C=> UCT => Oil / water => Steel => Ductility ↓ Toughness ↓ Hardness ↑ martensite Fine
Tempering =>
Heating 220 to 700°C=> LCT => AIR => Steel => Ductility ↑ Toughness ↑ Strength ↑ Hardness ↑ softening↑ medium
Stress Relieving =>
Heating 550 to 650°C=> LCT => Furnace => Steel => Ductility ↑ Toughness ↑ Strength ↑ Hardness ↑ medium GS
Solution Annealing =>
Heating 1050 to 1100°C=> UCT => Oil / water => Austenitic Steel => Ductility ↑ Toughness ↑ Strength ↑ Hardness ↑ medium GS

82- What is linear indication?

ASME B31.3-2016 Para No. 344.3.2

A linear indication is one having a length greater than three times its width.

83- What is Impact test specimen size?

ASME B31.3-2016 Para No. 323.3.3 Test Specimens.

Each set of impact test => three specimen bars. => standard 10 mm square cross section

84- What is Impact test temperature if specimen size 5 mm?

Table 323.3.4 Charpy Impact Test Temperature Reduction

At 20°F below the design minimum temperature of the material.

85- What is minimum (at least) specimen size for Impact test at design minimum temperature?
Table 323.3.4 Charpy Impact
8 mm x 8 mm

86- What is average Impact test value of API 5L Gr 60 (Fully Deoxidized)?

API 5L x60 material minimum specified tensile strength = 75 KSI (Table A-1, page 201)
Table 323.3.5 Charpy Impact Test value
Fully Deoxidized
Avg. 15 ft-lbf. Indv. 12 ft-lbf
Other
Avg. 13 ft-lbf. Indv. 10 ft-lbf
Page 17 of 26
 1 pound-force foot = 1.3 joule

87- Which statement is true regarding normal fluid service threaded joint, as per ASTM B 31.3 ?

ASME B31.3-2016 Para No. 314.1 General

Threaded joints are suitable for Normal Fluid Service except as stated elsewhere in para. 314. They
may be used under severe cyclic conditions only as provided in paras. 314.2.1(c) and 314.2.2.
(a) Threaded joints should be avoided in any service where crevice corrosion, severe erosion, or
cyclic loading may occur.
(b) When threaded joints are intended to be seal welded, thread sealing compound shall not be
used.

88- Which statement is true regarding SEAL WELD, as per ASTM B 31.3 ?

ASME B31.3-2016
Para No. 300.2 seal weld: a weld intended primarily to provide joint tightness against leakage in
metallic piping.

Para No. 335.3.2 Joints for Seal Welding.

A threaded joint to be seal welded shall be made up without thread compound.
A joint containing thread compound that leaks during leak testing may be seal welded in accordance
with para. 328.5.3, provided all compound is removed from exposed threads.

311.2.7 Seal Welds. Seal welds (para. 328.5.3) may be used only to prevent leakage of threaded
joints and shall not be considered as contributing any strength to the joints.

328.5.3 Seal Welds. Seal welding shall be done by a qualified welder. Seal welds shall cover all
exposed threads.

335.3.2 Joints for Seal Welding. A threaded joint to be seal welded shall be made up without thread
compound. A joint containing thread compound that leaks during leak testing may be seal welded in
accordance with para. 328.5.3, provided all compound is removed from exposed threads.

High Pressure piping

K311.2.3 Other Weld Types. Socket welds and seal welds are not permitted.

89- Which statement is true regarding SOCKET WELD, as per ASTM B 31.3 ?

ASME B31.3-2016 Para No. 311.2.5 Socket Welds

(a) Socket welded joints (para. 328.5.2) should be avoided in any service where crevice corrosion or
severe erosion may occur.
(b) Socket welded joints shall conform to the following:
(1) Socket dimensions shall conform to ASME B16.5 for flanges and ASME B16.11 or MSS SP-119 for
other socket-welding components.
(2) Weld dimensions shall not be less than those shown in Figs. 328.5.2B and 328.5.2C.
(c) Socket welds larger than DN 50 (NPS 2) shall not be used under severe cyclic conditions.
Page 18 of 26
 (d) Adrain or bypass in a component may be attached by socket welding, provided the socket
dimensions conform to Fig. 4 in ASME B16.5.

90- Which statement is true regarding CARBON STEEL BOLTING, as per ASTM B 31.3?
ASME B31.3-2016 Para No. 309.2.2 Carbon Steel Bolting. Except where limited by other provisions
of this Code, carbon steel bolting. may be used with nonmetallic gaskets in flanged joints rated ASME B16.5 Class
300 and lower for bolt metal temperatures at −29°C to 204°C (−20°F to 400°F), inclusive. If these bolts are galvanized,
heavy hexagon nuts, threaded to suit, shall be used.

91- Which statement is true regarding CARBON STEEL BOLTING, as per ASTM B 31.3?
ASME B31.3-2016 Para No. 308.2.1 Slip-On Flanges
(a) A slip-on flange shall be double-welded as shown in Fig. 328.5.2B when the service is
(1) subject to severe erosion, crevice corrosion, or cyclic loading
(2) flammable, toxic, or damaging to human tissue
(3) under severe cyclic conditions
(4) at temperatures below −101°C (−150°F)
(b) The use of slip-on flanges should be avoided where many large temperature cycles are expected,
particularly if the flanges are not insulated.

92- What is “tube” or “tubing”, as per ASTM B 31.3?

Materials designated “tube” or “tubing” in the specifications are treated as pipe when intended for
pressure service.

93- What is “notch sensitivity”, as per ASTM B 31.3?

notch-sensitive: describes a metal subject to reduction in strength in the presence of stress

concentration.

94- What is “spiral welded pipe”, as per ASTM B 31.3?

Pipe having a helical seam with either a butt, lap, or lock-seam joint that is welded using either an
electrical resistance, electric fusion or double-submerged arc welding process.

95- What is “seamless pipe”, as per ASTM B 31.3?

Pipe produced by piercing a billet followed by rolling or drawing, or both.

96- What is “ERW”, as per ASTM B 31.3?

electric resistance-welded pipe: pipe produced in individual lengths or in continuous lengths from
coiled skelp and subsequently cut into individual lengths, having a longitudinal butt joint wherein
coalescence is produced by the heat obtained from resistance of the pipe to the flow of electric
current in a circuit of which the pipe is a part, and by the application of pressure.

97- What is “furnace butt welded pipe”, as per ASTM B 31.3?

furnace butt welded pipe, continuous welded: pipe produced in continuous lengths from coiled
Page 19 of 26
 skelp and subsequently cut into individual lengths, having its longitudinal butt joint forge welded by
the mechanical pressure developed in passing the hot-formed and edge heated skelp through a set
of round pass welding rolls.

98- What is “EFW pipe”, as per ASTM B 31.3?

electric-fusion welded pipe: pipe having a longitudinal butt joint wherein coalescence is produced in
the preformed tube by manual or automatic electric-arc welding. The weld may be single (welded
from one side) or double (welded from inside and outside) and may be made with or without the
addition of filler metal.

99- What is “packaged equipment”, as per ASTM B 31.3?

packaged equipment: an assembly of individual pieces or stages of equipment, complete with
interconnecting piping and connections for external piping. The assembly may be mounted on a skid
or other structure prior to delivery.

100- Which Standard is for Steel Casting?

MSS SP-6 Standard Finishes for Contact Faces of Pipe Flanges and Connecting-End Flanges of Valves
and Fittings
MSS SP-25 -Standard Marking System for Valves, Fittings, Flanges, and Unions
MSS SP-55 Steel Casting visual inspection
MSS SP-97 Reinforced forged fittings
MSS SP-122 Plastic ball valve

101- ASME B31.3 doesn’t cover piping system if ….

300.1.3 Exclusions. This Code excludes the following:
(a) piping systems designed for internal gage pressures at or above zero but less than 105 kPa (15
psi), provided the fluid handled is nonflammable, nontoxic, and not damaging to human tissues as
defined in 300.2, and its design temperature is from −29°C (−20°F) through 186°C (366°F).

102- ASME B31.3 Undercut acceptance criteria for normal fluid service, as per ASME B31.3 ….
Table 341.3.2
Depth of undercut - ≤1 mm (1∕32 in.) and Tw/4 => less
Cumulative length of internal and external undercut - ≤38 mm (1.5 in.) in any 150 mm (6 in.)
Weld length or 25% of total weld
length,
whichever is less

Undercutting acceptance for girth weld criteria by fluid service?

Category ‘M’/ Normal - 1mm, ‘Severe’- 0mm, ‘D’ fluid- 1.5mm.

103- HEATING RATE FOR ALLOY STEEL AT THE TIME OF PWHT AS PER 31.3?
335°C PER HOUR / (½ the maximum material thickness of the weld in INCHES).
ASME B31.3, PARA 331.1.4: Above 315°C (600°F), the rate of heating and cooling shall not exceed
335°C/h (600°F/ hr.) divided by one-half the maximum material thickness in inches at the weld, but
in no case shall the rate exceed 335°C/h (600°F/ hr.).

104- Clearance of down points from finished point?

Page 20 of 26
 300mm
As per SAES-L-310; para: 12.3 Above-grade piping shall be supported to provide a minimum of 300
mm clearance between bottom of the pipe and the finished grade.

105- WHAT IS THE MIN THICKNESS REQUIRED FOR THREADED PIPE AS PER ASME B31.3?
As per ASME B 31.3 Table 314.2.1 Minimum Schedule of Components with External Threads: 1 ½” =
80 schedule, 2” and above= 40 schedule.

106- What is the accepted ovality for the welded pipe?

1.5% OD of pipe. (ASTM A530 sec-12)

107- MAX GAP REQUIREMENT OF SOCKET JOINT?

1.5mm before welding.

Refer ASME B31.3Figure 328.5.2C Minimum Welding Dimensions for Socket Welding Components
Other Than Flanges Approximately 1.5 mm (1/16 in.) gap before welding Socket wall thickness.

108- WHICH SERVICE NORMALY NOT USING IN SOCKET JOINT?

Crevice corrosion or severe erosion or sour service.

Refer: ASME B 31.3: Para: 311.2.2 Socket Welds:
(a) Socket welded joints (para. 328.5.2) should be avoided in any service where crevice corrosion or
severe erosion may occur.
Page 21 of 26
 c) Socket welds larger than DN 50 (NPS 2) shall not be used under severe cyclic conditions.
As per SAES-L-110 5.2.2 For SOUR service, socket-welded joints should be avoided.

109- BLIND FLANGE CALCULATION FORMULA AS PER 31.3?

Tm= t+ c. (ASME B31.3, 304.5.2)

110- BLANK CALCULATION FORMULA AS PER 31.3?

t m=d g∗
√ 3P
16 SEW
+c (ASME B31.3, 304.5.3)

111- STANDARD FOR TORQUING?

ASME PCC-1, or ASME SEC VIII Dev-1.

As per ASME B 31.3: 335.2.5 Flanged Joint Assembly. Assembly requirements for bolted flanged
joints and flanged joint assembler qualifications shall be considered in the engineering design. For
guidance, see ASME PCC-1, Guidelines for Pressure Boundary Bolted Flange Joint Assembly, and
ASME BPVC, Section VIII, Division 1, No mandatory Appendix S.

112- AS PER ASME B 16.25 BUTT BEVEL ENDS, BEVEL PREPARATION TOLERENCE?

4MM
ASME B 16.25: DIMENSION A= BEVEL DIMENSION.

113- Largest possible impact test specimen size?

8 mm x 8 mm

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114- 3 Types of consumable electrodes:

Ans. 1. Basic 2. Cellulosic 3. Rutiles

Basic: CaCO3, CaF2 => <15 ml /100gm => E 6015, 6016, 7018, 8018
AWS
E 60 1 8 A=> 60000 PSI TS B => welding position (1-All) C=> Flux type(Basic – 5, 6, 8)
A B C
EN
E 50 3 B A=> 500 N/mm2 YS B => Impact Value at -30OC C=> Basic

Rutile: TiO2 => 25 to 30 ml /100gm => E 6013

AWS
E 60 1 3 A=> 60000 PSI TS B => welding position (1-All) C=> Flux type(Rutile – 2, 3, 4)
A B C
EN
E 50 3 R A=> 500 N/mm2 YS B => Impact Value at -30OC C=> Rutile
A B C

Cellulosic: C6H10O5 => 80 to 90 ml /100gm => E 6010, E 6011

AWS
E 60 1 0 A=> 60000 PSI TS B => welding position (1-All) C=> Flux type(Cellulose - 0, 1)
A B C
EN
E 50 3 C A=> 500 N/mm2 YS B => Impact Value at -30OC C=> Cellulose
A B C

Page 23 of 26
 Iron Powder: IP+ Basic or IP+Rutile => ---------- => E 7024, 7020,7027, 7028
AWS
E 70 2 8 A=> 70000 PSI TS B C=> Flux type(Iron Powder)
A B C

115- What is the minimum preheat temperature as per B31.3 for (A335 P5).

Ans. As per WPS and design (see Q-3)

Preheat Zone => larger of 75 mm (3 in.) or 1.5 times the greater nominal thickness.
25 mm for tack weld
Reduce Rate of Cooling

330.1.4 Preheat Zone. The preheat zone shall be at or above the specified minimum temperature in
all directions from the point of welding for a distance of the larger of 75 mm (3 in.) or 1.5 times the
greater nominal thickness. The base metal temperature for tack welds shall be at or above the
specified minimum temperature for a distance not less than 25 mm (1 in.) in all directions from the
point of welding.
The application of heat to the base material immediately before or during a forming, welding, or
cutting process. Preheat is used to minimize the detrimental effects of high temperature and severe
thermal gradients inherent in welding. (For CS MIN 10°C FOR CS UPTO 25 MM, ABOVE 25 MM 95°C)

116- What is OXYGEN Level required as per B31, 3 for Stainless Steel and nickel Alloy material

Ans: less than 0. 05 percent (SAES-W-011)

11.14.4 The back purge for low alloy steel shall reduce the oxygen level below 1%. The method of
back purge and the flow rate shall be specified on the WPS.
11.14.5 The back purge for stainless steel and nickel alloys shall reduce the oxygen level below
0.05%.
117- OXYGEN SCAVANCHER APPLYING PERIOD?

Ans: As per SAES-A-007 - CS & LOW ALLOY STEEL -14 DAYS, SS-4 DAYS.
Oxygen Scavenger: A chemical added to the process/water to help remove or decrease the level of
dissolved oxygen in the system to control corrosion.

118- Cold Spring?

Initial Displacement Shall Be High, Preferred For High Tensile Material, Can Reduce Inverse Effect
of Distortion (ASME B31.3 Para 319.2.4 / see Q-71)
Cold spring is the intentional deformation of piping during assembly to produce a desired initial
displacement and reaction.
119- WHAT IS MIN DEW POINT TEMPERATURE DRY LAY-UP?

Ans. -1°C
As per SAES-A-007 PARA 5.2.3.6: Immediately after dewatering, start drying the system to a dew
point that will ensure a dew point of -1°c or less at the final lay-up pressure at all exit points.
120- Local and Furnace PWHT hardness % is?
Page 24 of 26
 Ans. 10% and 100%
As per SAME B 31.3 (2010) para 331.1.7, Hardness tests of production welds and hot bend/ hot formed
piping are intended to verify satisfactory heat treatment. Hardness requirement 10% for furnace heat
treated & 100% for locally heat treated.
121- Internal gauging plate diameter for pipe sizes larger than 20-inch and lesser than 20-inch.

Ans. 93% and 90%

As per SAES-L-450, Para No. 11.7 Except for internally coated pipe, each string shall be gauged by
passing an internal gauging plate of not less than 90% of the inside diameter for pipe sizes smaller
than 20-inch and 93% for pipe sizes 20-inch and larger.
122- Purpose of eccentric reducer.

Use Pump suction (to avoid cavitation)

123- Leak test for lube oil and seal oil lines are tested with?

Ans. Same Fluid,

100 Psi or 1.5 DP whichever greater.
30 min Minimum ,2 Hrs. prior to backfill, Backfiller 24 hrs holding time

SAES-L-150, Para No. 7.5.1 Lube and seal oil piping shall be pressure tested with its own fluid. The test
pressure shall be 1.5 times the design pressure or 690 kPa (ga) (100 psig) whichever is the greater.
Test duration shall be in accordance with 7.2.
124- The maximum weekly repair rate for each welder ------

SAES-W-011, Para No.8.4 The maximum weekly repair rate for each welder should not exceed 2%:
SAEP-324, Para No.6.1.11 Targeted performance criteria on Weld Rejection Rate (WRR) for Welder
and Welding Operator is 0.2% on linear method and 5% on weld joint method.

125- Flange face damage acceptance?

ASME PCC-1 APPEND IX D FIGURE D-3 and d-4

126- The portion of the base material which has not melted but whose or microstructure have been altered
by the heat of welding, brazing, soldering, forming and cutting?

ASME B31.3, Para No. 300.2 Heat affected zone.

Additional Notes:
API-600 STEEL GATE VALVES-FLANGED AND BUTT WEELDING ENDS, BOLTED BONNETS?
API-602 (Gate, Globe, and Check Valves for Sizes DN 100 (NPS 4) and Smaller for the Petroleum and
Natural Gas Industries) small bore gate valve
API-603 (Corrosion-resistant, Bolted Bonnet Gate Valves—Flanged and Butt-welding Ends).
API 608 Metal Ball valves-flanged, threaded and welding end

API 570 – In-service piping

Page 25 of 26
API 571 – Damage mechanism -Fixed Eqpmt.
API 574 – Piping component.
API 577- Welding and metallurgy

Check ASTM A-106 (focus on tolerances and ranges)

SAEP-310 Piping and Pipeline Repair

B16.5- Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings NPS ½ through NPS 24 Metric/Inch Standard.
ASME B16.9 - STANDARD FOR BUTT WELD END FITTINGS?
ASME B16.11 - forged fittings, both socket-welding and threaded.
ASME B 16.20- METALIC GASKET (RTJ, SPIRAL WOUND, JACKETED.
ASME B 16.21- NON-METALIC GASKET (CAF, PTFE, GLASS FILLED)
ASME B 16.25: DIMENSION A= BEVEL DIMENSION.

ASME B 31.1 - Power

ASME B 31.2 – Fuel
ASME B 31.3 - Process
ASME B 31.4 – Liquid HC
ASME B 31.5 – Refrigeration
ASME B 31.8 – Gas Transmission
ASME B 31.9 – Building
ASME B 31.11 - Slurry

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