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    Shallow Foundation

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    Rose Guillian Cabigan
    Shallow foundations are foundations where the depth is less than or equal to the width. There are two main types: spread footings which enlarge under load bearing walls or columns, and mat or raft foundations which are continuous slabs. The ultimate bearing capacity is the load per unit area that causes shear failure, while the safe bearing capacity is the load that causes permissible settlement. The allowable bearing pressure is less than the safe bearing pressure for safety. The load bearing capacity of rock foundations can be estimated based on the average unconfined compressive strength of rock cores and the spacing and thickness of discontinuities, accounting for a factor of safety of 3. Proper analysis of geological conditions is important for

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    Shallow Foundation

    Uploaded by

    Rose Guillian Cabigan
    20 views15 pages
    Shallow foundations are foundations where the depth is less than or equal to the width. There are two main types: spread footings which enlarge under load bearing walls or columns, and mat or raft foundations which are continuous slabs. The ultimate bearing capacity is the load per unit area that causes shear failure, while the safe bearing capacity is the load that causes permissible settlement. The allowable bearing pressure is less than the safe bearing pressure for safety. The load bearing capacity of rock foundations can be estimated based on the average unconfined compressive strength of rock cores and the spacing and thickness of discontinuities, accounting for a factor of safety of 3. Proper analysis of geological conditions is important for

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    Shallow foundations are foundations where the depth is less than or equal to the width. There are two main types: spread footings which enlarge under load bearing walls or columns, and mat or raft foundations which are continuous slabs. The ultimate bearing capacity is the load per unit area that causes shear failure, while the safe bearing capacity is the load that causes permissible settlement. The allowable bearing pressure is less than the safe bearing pressure for safety. The load bearing capacity of rock foundations can be estimated based on the average unconfined compressive strength of rock cores and the spacing and thickness of discontinuities, accounting for a factor of safety of 3. Proper analysis of geological conditions is important for

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    20 views15 pages

    Shallow Foundation

    Uploaded by

    Rose Guillian Cabigan
    Shallow foundations are foundations where the depth is less than or equal to the width. There are two main types: spread footings which enlarge under load bearing walls or columns, and mat or raft foundations which are continuous slabs. The ultimate bearing capacity is the load per unit area that causes shear failure, while the safe bearing capacity is the load that causes permissible settlement. The allowable bearing pressure is less than the safe bearing pressure for safety. The load bearing capacity of rock foundations can be estimated based on the average unconfined compressive strength of rock cores and the spacing and thickness of discontinuities, accounting for a factor of safety of 3. Proper analysis of geological conditions is important for

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    SHALLOW

    FOUNDATION
    Presented by: Rose Guillian U. Cabigan
    A foundation is considered shallow if its depth (D) is
    generally less than or equal to its width (B). Therefore, for a
    shallow foundation;

    In practice, if the ratio D/B of a foundation can be greater


    than the unity and still be treated as a shallow foundation
    Types of Shallow Foundations
    SPREAD FOOTING
    enlargement of load bearing-
    bearing wall of column
    the spread footing a long wall
    is called strip footing
    Types of Shallow Foundations
    MAT OR RAFT FOUNDATION
    continuous slab constructed over the
    rock or soil bed
    preferred for weak soils and heavily
    jointed and fractured rock masses
    A mat that supports two columns is
    called combined footing
    For shallow foundation resting on a
    rock, the depth of the rock , which is
    weathered or fissured, is generally
    excluded in deciding the depth of
    foundation in the rock
    Depth of Foundation The foundation level is established at
    sufficient depth to ensure that the
    they do not undermined, keeping in
    view the continued erosion of the
    rock bed
    Load Bearing Capacity
    ULTIMATE BEARING CAPACITY SAFE BEARING CAPACITY
    The load per unit area at base level of pressure at the base level of
    the foundation that causes shear foundation that be safely carried ny
    failure to occur in the earth mass the foundation without shear failure
    of the earth mass
    Load Bearing Capacity
    SAFE BEARING PRESSURE ALLOWABLE BEARING PRESSURE
    The load per unit area at base level of the lower safe bearing capacity and
    the foundation that causes the safe bearing pressure
    permissible or specified settlement
    of the engineering system
    Design values of net allowable
    allowable bearing pressure are often
    limited by the strength of concrete
    The common sandstones and
    limestones have modulus of elasticity
    Estimation of Load- values from that of a poor concrete to

    Bearing Capacity
    high strength concrete
    Very hard igneous and metamorphic
    rocks exhibit considerably greater
    modulus of elasticity values
    Almost all rock can withstand compressive
    stress higher than concrete; the following are
    some of exceptions;
    Limestones with cavities and fissures,
    which may be filled with clay or silt.
    Rocks with bedding planes, folds, faults or
    Estimation of Load- joints at an angle with the bottom of the
    footing.
    Bearing Capacity Soft rocks that reduce their strength after
    wetting; weathered rocks, which are very
    treacherous, and shale, which may
    become clay or silt in a matter of hours of
    soaking.
    If qu (av) is the average unconfined compressive strength of rock cores,
    the safe bearing pressure, qρ, can be given as;

    where Nd is an empirical coefficient depending on the spacing of


    discontinuities and is expressed as;
    where;
    δ=is the thickness (aperture) of
    discontinuities,
    S =spacing of discontinuities
    B =width of footing.
    The equation is valid under the following six conditions;

    1. The rock surface is parallel to the base of the foundation.


    2. The structural load is normal to the base of the foundation.
    3. The spacing of discontinuities is greater than 0.3 m.
    4. The aperture (opening) of discontinuities is less than 10 mm (15 mm if
    filled with soil and rock debris).
    5. The foundation width is greater than 0.3 m.
    6. The factor of safety is 3.
    Example Problem
    A strip footing of 1.2 m width rests on the bedrock exposed to the ground
    surface. The bedrock is horizontally bedded with spacing S = 0.8 m, aperture
    δ = 8 mm and qu(av) = 80 MPa. Estimate the safe bearing pressure

    Solution:
    NOTE;
    While recommending the allowable bearing pressure, it is important that the
    geological conditions and discontinuities present at the rock foundation site
    be analysed properly because they greatly control the net allowable bearing
    pressure compared to the strength of intact rock mass
    THANK YOU

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