Compiler Intro Lecture

CSC 401: Compiler Construction
2023/2024 Academic Year
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Mode of Assessment
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Three (3) major assignments – 20 Marks
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Three Quizzes – 20 Marks
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Mid – Semester Exams (1) – 15 marks + 5 marks from Quizzes
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Attendance – 10 Marks
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Main Exams – 30 Marks
Reading Material
– A Practical Approach to Compiler Construction. Des Watson (2017), Springer.
– Compilers Principles, Techniques, & Tools, by A.V. Aho, R.Sethi & J.D.Ullman, Pearson
Education
– Principle of Compiler Design, A.V.Aho and J.D. Ullman, Addition – Wesley
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Course Outline
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Module-I :
– Introduction to Compiling,
– A Simple One-Pass Compiler,
– Lexical analysis
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Module-II:
– Syntax Analysis,
– Syntax-Directed Translation
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Module-III
– Type Checking,
– Run-Time Environments
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Module-IV
– Intermediate Code Generation,
– Code generation and Optimization
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Module I
Introduction to Compiling
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1.0 INTRODUCTION OF LANGUAGE PROCESSING SYSTEM
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Preprocessor
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A preprocessor produce input to compilers.
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They may perform the following functions.
– Macro processing: A preprocessor may allow a user to define
macros that are short hands for longer constructs.
– File inclusion: A preprocessor may include header files into the
program text.
– Rational preprocessor: these preprocessors augment older
languages with more modern flow-of-control and data
structuring facilities.
– Language Extensions: These preprocessor attempts to add
capabilities to the language by certain amounts to build-in
macro. 6 / 18
Compiler
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Compiler is a translator program that translates a program
written in a source program (HLL) into an equivalent program in
(MLL) the target program.
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An important part of a compiler is the error messaging system.
Structure of a Compiler
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Compiler
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Executing a program written in HLL programming language is
basically of two parts:
– the source program must first be compiled/translated into an
object program.
– Then the resulting object program is loaded into a memory and
executed.
Execution process of source program in Compiler

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Assembler
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Because of the difficult in writing or reading programs in machine
language.
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Programmers use a mnemonic (symbols) for each machine
instruction, which are subsequently translated into machine
language.
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Such a mnemonic machine language is called an assembly
language.
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Programs known as assemblers were written to automate the
translation of assembly language into machine language.
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The input to an assembler program is called source program, the
output is a machine language translation (object program).
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Interpreter
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An interpreter is a program that appears to execute a source
program as if it were machine language.
– Languages such as BASIC, SNOBOL, LISP can be translated using
interpreters.
– JAVA also uses interpreter.
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The process of interpretation can be carried out in following phases:
– Lexical analysis
– Synatx analysis
– Semantic analysis
– Direct Execution
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Interpreter
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Advantages:
– Modification of user program can be easily made and
implemented as execution proceeds.
– Type of object that denotes a variables may change dynamically.
– Debugging a program and finding errors is simplified for a
program used for interpretation.
– The interpreter for the language makes it machine independent.
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Disadvantages:
– The execution of the program is slower.
– Memory consumption is more.
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LOADER AND LINK-EDITOR: Write short notes on these.
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LOADER AND LINK-EDITOR: Write short notes on these.
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LIST OF COMPILERS – Common Lisp compilers
– Ada compilers – ECMAScript interpreters
– ALGOL compilers – Fortran compilers
– BASIC compilers – Java compilers
– C# compilers – Pascal compilers
– C compilers – PL/I compilers
– C++ compilers – Python compilers
– COBOL compilers – Smalltalk compilers
–
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2.0 TRANSLATOR
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A translator is a program that takes as input a program written in
one language and produces as output a program in another
language.
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Beside program translation, the translator performs another very
important role, the error-detection.
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Any violation of the HLL specification would be detected and
reported to the programmer.
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Important role of translator are:
– Translating the HLL program input into an equivalent ml
program.
– Providing diagnostic messages wherever the programmer
violates specification of the HLL
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CSC 401: Compiler Construction

2023/2024 Academic Year

Execution process of source program in Compiler

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