2023 MAHC Code 4th Edition
2023 MAHC Code 4th Edition
2023 MAHC Code 4th Edition
Code Language
Foreword
Swimming, relaxing, and playing in water have been global pastimes throughout written history. Twentieth-century
advances in aquatics—combining disinfection, filtration, and recirculation systems—led to an explosion in the use of
residential and public aquatic venues (e.g., pools, hot tubs, and water playgrounds). As residential and public pool use
has swept across the United States, leisure time with family and friends in and around the pool has increased. Advances
in public aquatic facility design have pushed the horizons of aquatic facilities from the traditional rectangular
community pool to the multi-venue waterpark hosting tens of thousands of users per day. Indoor public aquatic facilities
have transformed pools and waterparks into year-round attractions. At the same time, research has demonstrated the
physical and psychosocial benefits of aquatics for all age groups.
However, these aquatics sector changes—combined with changes in the general population, emergence of pathogens
protected from chlorine, and imperfect bather hygiene—have resulted in substantial increases in the number of reports
of recreational water–associated outbreaks. This increase is driven by the substantial increase in the number of
outbreaks associated with public aquatic venues and caused by Cryptosporidium. Drowning continues to claim the lives
of far too many, particularly young children. Thousands of people visit U.S. emergency departments every year for pool
chemical injuries. Public aquatic facility operation can be improved through engineering, education, and enforcement. 1
The increase in the number of reported outbreaks and the continued occurrence of drowning and other injuries suggest
the prevention of public aquatic venue–associated illness, injury, disability, and death would benefit from building
stronger environmental health regulatory programs and supporting them with strong partnerships. It also would be
useful for public health officials to continue to play their strong role in overseeing design and construction, advising on
operation and maintenance, and helping inform policy and management. Working in close collaboration with building
code officials strengthens the overall coordination needed to prioritize public health at public aquatic facilities.
The 4th Edition of the Model Aquatic Health Code (MAHC) is the latest effort to improve the MAHC, which is a set of
voluntary guidance based on science and best practices. The MAHC was developed to help programs that regulate
public aquatic facilities reduce the risk of illness, injury, disability, and death in their communities (see MAHC history
at https://www.cdc.gov/mahc/editions/creation.html). The MAHC is a leap forward from U.S. Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention’s (CDC) operational and technical manuals published in 1959, 1976, and 1981 and a logical
progression of CDC’s Healthy Swimming program, which was started in 2001. The 2023 MAHC (4th Edition)
underscores CDC’s long-term involvement and commitment to improving aquatic health and safety. MAHC guidance
stemmed from concern about the substantially increasing number of reported outbreaks starting in the mid-1990s.
Creation of the MAHC was the major recommendation of a 2005 national workshop, which was charged with
developing recommendations to reduce the incidence of these outbreaks. Local, state, and federal public health officials
and the aquatics sector formed an unprecedented 7-year collaboration to create the 2014 MAHC (1st Edition). The
MAHC is being regularly updated with input from the Council for the Model Aquatic Health Code (CMAHC). The
CMAHC was established to help CDC keep the MAHC up to date and current with the latest advances in the aquatics
sector, while also responding to the latest public health reports of public aquatic venue–associated illness, injury,
disability, and death. For each update cycle, CMAHC leads efforts to solicit, collect, and assess MAHC change requests
(proposed changes to improve the MAHC); hosts a national stakeholder conference to discuss change requests; and
holds a membership vote on the proposed changes. The partnership among public health, the aquatics sector, CMAHC,
and academia strengthens the efforts to achieve CDC’s vision of “healthy and safe aquatic experiences for everyone”.
CDC
Atlanta, GA, 2023
1
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Immediate closures and violations identified during routine inspections of public aquatic facilities - network for aquatic facility
inspection surveillance, five states, 2013. Morbidity and mortality weekly report Surveillance summaries (Washington, DC : 2002). 2016 May 20;65(5):1-26.
2023 MAHC CODE Acknowledgments 2
Acknowledgments
The third Vote on the Code Conference was held by the Council for the Model Aquatic Health Code (CMAHC) October
21–23, 2020. CDC would like to acknowledge the hard work and dedication of CMAHC staff, CMAHC Technical
Review Committee, CMAHC Technical Support Committees, CMAHC Board of Directors, and CMAHC membership
for their dedication and time spent developing, assessing, discussing, and voting on Model Aquatic Health Code
(MAHC) change requests (proposed changes to improve the MAHC). It is only through the dedicated efforts and
contributions of experienced professionals that a scientifically sound, well-focused, and up-to-date MAHC is possible.
CDC acknowledges with immense gratitude their substantial contribution to public health in the development of the
2023 MAHC (4th Edition). They deserve our heartfelt thanks and appreciation for volunteering their time and expertise
to create the 2023 MAHC (4th Edition). In addition, CDC would like to also give its thanks to all the reviewers across
the country who spent a great deal of time combing through the detail of the MAHC code and annex to submit change
requests and who provided public comments. Their effort was worth the time invested; the MAHC has again been
greatly improved.
CMAHC Staff Maurice Redmond Lee Hovis
Dewey Case, Wayne Ivusich
CMAHC Technical Review
Technical Director (Dir) Committee Kyle McCawley
Susan Wichmann, Amanda Tarrier, Chair Brent Miller
Administrative Dir Ellen Meyer, Vice Chair Steve Miller
Jill Mastrangelo, James Amburgey Steve Mueller
Communications Dir Kevin Boyer Steven Nicolich
Kristie Riester, Executive Dir Michele Hlavsa Lori Thompson
Jodi Jensen Kent Wood
CMAHC Board of Directors
CDR Joe Laco
Pieter Sheehan, President CDC Employees &
Cindy Marshall
Jim Rada, Vice President Contractors
Tina Moore
Jason Ravenscroft, Treasurer Michele Hlavsa, Lead
Chris Nelson
Carl Nylander, Secretary CDR Joe Laco, Lead
Jason Schallock
Vincent Hill (CDC Liaison) Samaria Aluko
Joe Stefanyak Ashley Andújar
CDR Joe Laco (CDC Liaison)
Miklos Valdez Maggie Byrne
Richard Carroll
Sung Choe CMAHC Technical Support Vincent Hill
David Dyjack Committees Catherine Hough
Michael Beatty Brian Hubbard
Tom Fink
David Bell Heather Huntley
Franceen Gonzales
Shawn DeRosa CDR Luis Rodriguez
Olivia McCormick
Terrence Ewuell Justin Rokisky Jr.
Alvaro Mendoza
Richard Falk Pam Wigington
Ellen Meyer
Ron George
Jun Naotsuka
2023 MAHC CODE Table of Contents 3
Table of Contents
Foreword........................................................... i 4.6.4A Pool Water Heating 56
Acknowledgments ............................................2 4.6.5 First Aid Area 56
4.6.6 Emergency Exit 56
Table of Contents .............................................3 4.6.7 Drinking Fountains 56
1.0 Glossary of Abbreviations ....................6 4.6.8 Garbage Receptacles 57
2.0 Glossary of Terms 10 4.6.9 Food and Drink Concessions 57
4.6.10 Spectator Areas 57
3.0 Cited Standards and Laws 21
4.6.11 Indoor Aquatic Facility Acoustics 57
4.0A Aquatic Facility Design Standards and 4.7 Recirculation and Water Treatment 58
Construction ...................................................27 4.7.1 Recirculation Systems and Equipment 58
4.1 Plan Submittal 27 4.7.2A Filtration 66
4.1.1 Plan Submittal 27 4.7.3A Disinfection and pH Control 67
4.1.2 Content of Design Report 27 4.7.4A Water Replenishment System 77
4.1.3A Plan Approval 32 4.7.5 Spas 77
4.1.4A Compliance Certificate 33 4.8 Decks and Equipment 78
4.1.5 Construction Permits 33 4.8.1 Decks 78
4.2 Materials 34 4.8.2 Diving Boards and Platforms 82
4.2.1 Aquatic Venues 34 4.8.3 Starting Platforms 85
4.2.2 Indoor Aquatic Facility 35 4.8.4 Pool Slides [N/A] 86
4.3 Equipment Standards 36 4.8.5 Lifeguard- & Safety-Related Equipment 86
4.3.1 Accredited Standards 36 4.8.6 Barriers and Enclosures 86
4.3.2 No Standards 36 4.8.7A Aquatic Venue Cleaning Systems 89
4.3.3 Suitable for Intent 36 4.9 Filter/Equipment Room 89
4.4 Aquatic Facility and Venue Operation and 4.9.1 Equipment Room 89
Maintenance [N/A] 37 4.9.2A Chemical Storage Spaces 92
4.5 Aquatic Venue Structure 37 4.10 Hygiene Facilities 99
4.5.1A Design for Risk Management 37 4.10.1A General 99
4.5.2A Bottom Slope 37 4.10.2 Location 99
4.5.3A Pool Access / Egress 37 4.10.3A Design and Construction 99
4.5.4A Stairs 38 4.10.4A Plumbing Fixture Requirements 100
4.5.5A Handrails 39 4.10.5A Provision of Suits, Towels, and Shared
4.5.6 Grab Rails 40 Equipment 102
4.5.7 Recessed Steps 41 4.10.6A Foot Baths 102
4.5.8 Ladders 42 4.10.7A Sharps 102
4.5.9 Zero Depth (Sloped) Entries 43 4.11 Water Supply/ Wastewater Disposal 102
4.5.10 Disabled Access 43 4.11.1 Water Supply 102
4.5.11 Color and Finish 43 4.11.2A Fill Spout 103
4.5.12 Walls 44 4.11.3A Cross-Connection Control 103
4.5.13A Structural Stability 45 4.11.4 Deck Drains and Rinse Showers 103
4.5.14A Handholds 45 4.11.5 Sanitary Wastes 103
4.5.15 Infinity Edges 45 4.11.6A Pool Wastewater 103
4.5.16A Underwater Benches 46 4.12 Specific Aquatic Venues 104
4.5.17 Underwater Ledges 46 4.12.1 Spas 104
4.5.18A Underwater Shelves 47 4.12.2 Waterslides and Landing Pools 105
4.5.19 Depth Markers and Markings 47 4.12.3A Wave Pools 107
4.5.20 Aquatic Venue Shell Maintenance [N/A] 49 4.12.4 Therapy Pools 108
4.5.21A Special Use Aquatic Venues 49 4.12.5 Lazy Rivers 108
4.6 Indoor / Outdoor Environment 50 4.12.6 Moveable Floors 109
4.6.1 Lighting 50 4.12.7 Bulkheads 110
4.6.2A Indoor Aquatic Facility Ventilation 51 4.12.8A Interactive Water Play Venues 110
4.6.3A Indoor/Outdoor Aquatic Facility Electrical 4.12.9 Wading Pools 112
Systems and Components 55 A
4.12.10 Other Aquatic Features 112
2023 MAHC CODE Table of Contents 4
5.0 Aquatic Facility Operation and 5.9.2 Chemical Handling 141
Maintenance .................................................113 5.10 Hygiene Facilities 142
5.1 Operating Permits 113 5.10.1 General [N/A] 142
5.1.1 Owner Responsibilities 113 5.10.2 Location [N/A] 142
5.1.2 Operating Permits 113 5.10.3 Bathhouse Design [N/A] 142
5.2 Inspections 113 5.10.4 Plumbing Fixture Requirements 142
5.2.1 Preoperational Inspections 113 5.10.5 Provision of Suits, Towels, and Shared
5.2.2 Exemptions 114 Equipment 144
5.2.3A Variances 114 5.11 Water Supply / Wastewater Disposal [N/A]
5.3 Equipment Standards [N/A] 114 144
5.4 Aquatic Facility and Venue Operation and 5.12 Special Requirements for Specific Aquatic
Maintenance 114 Venues 144
5.4.1 Closure and Reopening 114 5.12.1 Spas 144
5.4.2A Preventive Maintenance Plan 115 5.12.2A Waterslides and Landing Pools 144
5.4.3 General Operations [N/A] 116 5.12.3 Wave Pools 144
5.12.4 Therapy Pools [N/A] 145
5.5 Aquatic Venue Structure 116 5.12.5 Lazy Rivers [N/A] 145
5.5.1 Shape [N/A] 116 5.12.6 Moveable Floors 145
5.5.2 Access Ladders 116 5.12.7 Bulkheads 145
5.5.3 Color and Finish [N/A] 116 5.12.8 Interactive Water Play Aquatic Venues 145
5.5.4 Walls [N/A] 116 5.12.9 Wading Pools [N/A] 145
5.5.5A Depth Markings 116 5.12.10 Other Aquatic Venues [N/A] 145
5.5.6A Pool Shell Maintenance 116
6.0 Policies and Management .................146
5.6 Indoor / Outdoor Environment 116
6.0.1A Staff Training 146
5.6.1 Lighting 116
5.6.2A Indoor Aquatic Facility Ventilation 117 6.1 Qualified Operator Training 147
5.6.3 Indoor / Outdoor Aquatic Facility Electrical 6.1.1A Qualified Operator Qualifications and
Systems and Components 118 Certification 147
5.6.4 Facility Heating 120 6.1.2A Essential Topics in Qualified Operator
5.6.5 First Aid Room [N/A] 121 Training Courses 147
5.6.6 Emergency Exit 121 6.1.3 General Requirements for Operator
5.6.7 Plumbing 121 Training Courses 159
A
5.6.8 Solid Waste Management 122 6.2 Lifeguard Training 161
5.6.9 Decks 122 6.2.1A Lifeguard Qualifications 161
5.6.10 Aquatic Facility Maintenance 123 6.2.2 Lifeguard Supervisor Training 165
5.7 Recirculation and Water Treatment 124 6.3 Facility Staffing 167
5.7.1 Recirculation Systems and Equipment 124 6.3.1 Qualified Operator Requirements and
5.7.2 Filtration 125 Availability 167
5.7.3A Water Treatment Chemicals and Systems 6.3.2 Aquatic Facilities Requiring Qualified
128 Lifeguards 168
5.7.4 Water Sample Collection and Testing 135 6.3.3A Safety Plan 168
5.7.5A Water Quality Chemical Testing Frequency 6.3.4 Staff Management 172
136 6.4A Aquatic Facility Management 175
5.7.6A Water Clarity 137 6.4.1 Operations 175
5.8 Decks and Equipment 137 6.4.2 Patron-Related Management Aspects 179
5.8.1A Deck Areas 137 6.5A Fecal/Vomit/Blood Contamination
5.8.2 Diving Boards and Platforms [N/A] 137 Response 181
5.8.3A Starting Platforms 137 6.5.1 A
Contamination Response Plan 181
5.8.4 Pool Slides [N/A] 137 6.5.2 Aquatic Venue Water Contamination
5.8.5 Lifeguard- and Safety-Related Equipment Response 181
137 6.5.3 Aquatic Venue Water Contamination
5.8.6 Barriers and Enclosures 140 Disinfection 182
5.9A Filter/Equipment Room 140 6.5.4 Surface Contamination Cleaning and
5.9.1 Chemical Storage 140 Disinfection 184
2023 MAHC CODE Table of Contents 5
6.6 AHJ Inspections 184
6.6.1A Inspection Process 184
6.6.2 Publication of Inspection Forms 185
6.6.3 Imminent Health Hazards 185
6.6.4 Enforcement 186
6.6.5A Enforcement Penalties 186
7.0 Special Venues ...................................188
A
7.1 Floatation Tank Design and Construction
188
7.1.1 Design and Construction 188
7.1.2 Materials 192
7.1.3 Equipment Standards 192
7.1.4A Floatation Tank Electrical Systems and
Components 192
7.1.5 Food and Drink Concessions 193
7.1.6 Water Supply/Wastewater Disposal 193
7.1.7 Circulation System 193
7.1.8A Disinfection 193
7.1.9A Ventilation 194
7.1.10 Floors 194
7.1.11 Cleansing Showers 194
7.2 Floatation Tank Operation 194
7.2.1 Operating Permits 194
7.2.2 Inspections 195
7.2.3 Operation and Maintenance 196
7.2.4 Ventilation 196
7.2.5 Electrical Systems and Components 196
7.2.6 Plumbing 198
7.2.7 Solid Waste Management 199
7.2.8A Treatment System Required Operation
Time 199
7.2.9 Disinfection 199
7.2.10 USP Grade Magnesium Sulfate 200
7.2.11 Cleansing Showers and Hygiene Facilities
200
7.2.12A Cleaning 200
7.2.13A Fecal/Vomit/Blood Contamination
Response 200
7.2.14 Operations 201
7.2.15 AHJ Inspections 203
2023 MAHC CODE 1.0 Glossary of Abbreviations 6
Americans with Disabilities Act Accessibility Conference for Food Protection (CFP)
Guidance (ADAAG) • Standards for Accreditation of Food
• 2010 ADA Standards for Accessible Design Protection Managers Certification Programs,
2020 Edition
Association of Pool and Spa Professionals (APSP)
Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC)
• ANSI/APSP/ICC-1 2014, American
National Standard for Public Swimming • National Electronic Injury Surveillance
Pools System (NEISS) Data
• ANSI/APSP-9 2005, American National • 15 USC Chapter 106, Pool and Spa Safety
Standard for Aquatic Recreation Facilities (as amended to 2014): Virginia Graeme
Baker Pool and Spa Safety Act (VGBA)
• ANSI/APSP-16 2017, American National
2023 MAHC CODE 3.0 Cited Standards and Law 23
• Interpretations and Staff Guidelines for the Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA)
Virginia Graeme Baker Pool and Spa Safety and Section 112(r) of the Clean Air Act,
Act April 2022
• https://www.epa.gov/epcra/consolidated-list-
• 16 CFR 1207 – Safety Standard for lists
Swimming Pool Slides • OSWER 90-008.1, June 1990, EPA
Deutsches Institut für Normung (DIN) Chemical Emergency Preparedness and
Prevention Advisory, Swimming Pool
• DIN 19643-1: 2012-11 Treatment of Water Chemicals: Chlorine
of Swimming Pools and Baths – Part 1:
• 7 USC 136 et. seq. (1996), Federal
General Requirements
Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act
• DIN 19643-2: 2012-11 Treatment of Water (FIFRA)
of Swimming Pools and Baths – Part 2: • 40 CFR Subchapter E – Pesticide Programs
Combinations of Process with Fixed Bed
Filters and Precoat Filters European Standard (ES)
• DIN 19643-3: 2012-11 Treatment of • EN 13451-11:2014 – Swimming Pool
Swimming Water of Swimming Pools and Equipment – Part 11: Additional Specific
Baths – Part 3: Combinations of Process Safety Requirements and Test Methods for
with Ozonization Moveable Pool Floors and Moveable
• DIN 19643-4: 2012-11 Treatment of Bulkheads. (Also known as BS EN 13451-
Swimming Water of Swimming Pools and 11, CSN EN 13451-11, or DIN EN 13451-
Baths – Part 4: Combinations of Process 11)
with Ultrafiltration • BS EN 60268-1:2011 Sound System
• DIN 19643-5: 2012-11 Treatment of Equipment. Objective Rating of Speech
Swimming Water of Swimming Pools and Intelligibility by Speech Transmission Index
Baths – Part 5: Combinations of Process (British Standard)
Using Bromine as Disinfectant, Produced by Fédération Internationale de Natation Amateur
Ozonation of Bromide Rich Water (FINA)
Deutscher Verein des Gas- und Wasserfaches e.V. • Facilities Rules 2017–2021, 22 September
– Technisch wissenschaftlicher Verein (DVGW) 2017
• German Technical and Scientific Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
Association for Gas and Water
• Food Code: 2017 Recommendations of the
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) United States Public Health Service Food
• EPA 815-R-06-007: Ultraviolet Disinfectant and Drug Administration
Guidance Manual for the Final Long Term 2 Hazardous Materials Identification System (HMIS)
Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule,
November 2006 • See American Coatings Association above
• EPA 815-R-99-014: Alternate Disinfectants Health Canada Pest Management Regulatory
and Oxidants Guidance Manual, April 1999 Agency (PMRA)
• 42 USC Chapter 116, Emergency Planning
and Community Right-to-Know Act • Pest Control Products Act (S.C. 2002, c. 28)
(EPCRA) of 1986 • Pesticide Product Information Database
• 40 CFR 141, EPA, 816-F-09-004: National
Primary Drinking Water Regulations, May Illuminating Engineering Society of North
2009 America (IESNA)
• EPA 550-B-21-001: List of Lists – • IES RP-6-15 Sports and Recreational Area
Consolidated List of Chemicals Subject to Lighting (2015)
the Emergency Planning and Community • The Lighting Handbook, 10th Edition (2011)
Right-To-Know Act (EPCRA),
Comprehensive Environmental Response,
2023 MAHC CODE 3.0 Cited Standards and Law 24
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers systems – Fundamentals and vocabulary
(IEEE)
National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA)
• IEEE Std 241-1990 – IEEE Recommended
Practice for Electric Power Systems in • 2017–18 and 2018–19 NCAA Men’s and
Commercial Buildings (reaffirmed in 1997) Women’s Swimming and Diving Rules
International Association of Electrical Inspectors National Electrical Manufacturers Association
(IAEI) (NEMA)
• Soares Grounding and Bonding, 13th • NEMA 250-2014, Enclosures for Electrical
Edition, 2017 Equipment (1,000 V Maximum)
International Association of Plumbing and
Mechanical Officials (IAPMO) • ANSI/NEMA Z535, 2011 (R2017): Safety
Alerting Standards
• IAPMO/ANSI UMC 1 2018 (2018 Uniform
Mechanical Code) National Federation of State High School
Associations (NFHS)
• IAPMO/ANSI UPC 1 2018 (2018 Uniform
Plumbing Code) • 2021–22 NFHS Swimming and Diving
Rules Book
• IAPMO/ANSI USPSHTC 1 2018 (2018
Uniform Swimming Pool, Spa, and Hot Tub National Fire Protection Association (NFPA)
Code) • NFPA 1: Fire Code, 2018 Edition
International Code Council (ICC) • ANSI Z223.1/NFPA 54: National Fuel Gas
• ICC 300-2017 IS-BLE: 2017 ICC Standard Code, 2018 Edition
on Bleachers, Folding and Telescopic • NFPA 70: National Electrical Code (NEC),
Seating, and Grandstands 2020 Edition
• ICC/ANSI A117.1-2017 Standard for • NFPA 70: National Electrical Code (NEC)
Accessible and Usable Buildings and Handbook
Facilities
• NFPA 211: Standard for Chimneys,
• 2018 International Building Code (IBC) Fireplaces, Vents, and Solid Fuel-Burning
• 2018 International Fire Code (IFC) Appliances, 2016 Edition
• 2018 International Mechanical Code (IMC) • NFPA 400: Hazardous Materials Code, 2016
Edition
• 2018 International Plumbing Code (IPC)
• NFPA 5000: Building Construction and
• 2018 International Swimming Pool and Spa Safety Code, 2018 Edition
Code (ISPSC)
• NFPA 652: Standard on the Fundamentals
International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation of Combustible Dust, 2016 Edition
(ILCOR)
• NFPA 704: Standard System for the
• 2015 International Consensus on Identification of the Hazards of Materials for
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Response, 2017 Edition
Emergency Cardiovascular Care With
Treatment Recommendations (CoSTR) National Institute for Occupational Safety and
Health (NIOSH)
• www.ilcor.org
• NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards,
International Organization for Standardization September 2007, (NPG) (DHHS (NIOSH)
(ISO) Publication No, 2005-149)
• ISO/IEC Guide 50:2014. Safety Aspects – • 42 CFR Part 84, Approval of Respiratory
Guidelines for Child Safety in Standards and Protective Devices, 1995
Other Specifications
• ISO9000: 2015; Quality management • Certified Equipment List (CEL)
2023 MAHC CODE 3.0 Cited Standards and Law 25
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Sheet Metal and Air Conditioning Contractors’
(NOAA) National Association (SMACNA)
• NOAA Technical Memorandum ERL • SMACNA HVAC Systems Duct Design, 4th
PMEL-67, Eyeball Optics of Natural Edition, 2006
Waters: Secchi Disk Science, Rudolph
W. Preisendorfer, Pacific Marine Underwriters Laboratories (UL)
Environmental Laboratory, Seattle, WA, • UL 50 2015-10-16 Enclosures for Electrical
April 1986. Equipment, Non-Environmental
Considerations
National Recreation and Park Association (NRPA)
• Aquatic Facility Operator Manual, 7th • UL 50E 2020-10-16 Enclosures for
Edition Electrical Equipment, Environmental
Considerations
National Swimming Pool Foundation (NSPF)
• UL 379 2013-06-19 Standard for Power
• Pool & Spa OperatorTM Handbook, 2017 Units for Fountain, Swimming Pool, And
Edition Spa Luminaries
NSF International (NSF) • UL 399 2017-03-20 Standard for Drinking-
• NSF/ANSI 14 - 2016b, Plastics Piping Water Coolers
System Components and Related Materials • UL 508 2018-01-28 Standard for Industrial
• NSF/ANSI 50 - 16a, Equipment for Control Equipment
Swimming Pools, Spas, Hot Tubs and Other • UL 676 2015-08-10 Standard for
Recreational Water Facilities (2017) Underwater Luminaries and Submersible
• NSF/ANSI 60 – 2020, Drinking Water Junction Boxes
Treatment Chemicals – Health Effects • UL 727 2018-01-31 Standard for Oil-Fired
• NSF/ANSI 61–2020, Drinking Water Central Furnaces
System Components – Health Effects • UL 1081 2016-08-09 Standard for
Occupational Safety and Health Administration Swimming Pool Pumps, Filters, and
(OSHA) Chlorinators
• 29 CFR 1910.304 Wiring design and • UL 1241 2003-06-11 Standard for Junction
protection Boxes for Swimming Pool Luminaries
4.1.1.3 Approved Plans No person shall begin to construct a new AQUATIC FACILITY or shall
SUBSTANTIALLY ALTER an existing AQUATIC FACILITY without first having the construction plans detailing
the construction or SUBSTANTIAL ALTERATION submitted to and approved by the AHJ.
4.1.1.4 Plan Preparation All plans shall be prepared by a DESIGN PROFESSIONAL proficient in the
application of this CODE and all applicable local, state, territorial, federal, and tribal laws relevant to the
project and who shall apply this CODE and all applicable laws when preparing project plans.
4.1.1.5 Required Statements All construction plans shall include the following statements:
1) “The proposed aquatic facility and all equipment shall be constructed and installed in conformity with the
approved plans and specifications or approved amendments,” and
2) “No substantial alteration, changes, additions, or equipment not specified in the approved plans can be
made or added until the plans for such substantial alteration, changes, additions, or equipment are
submitted to and approved by the AHJ.”
4.1.2 Content of Design Report
4.1.2.1 Basis of Design Report
4.1.2.1.1A Names / Addresses AQUATIC FACILITY plans shall include the name, address, and
contact information for the owner, designer, and builder if available at the time of submission.
4.1.2.1.2 Site Information AQUATIC FACILITY plans shall include site information indicating at a
minimum the location of all utilities, wells, topography, natural water features, and potential sources of
surface drainage and pollution which have the potential to affect the proposed AQUATIC FACILITY.
4.1.2.1.3 Plot Plan AQUATIC FACILITY plans shall include a site plot plan including:
1) A general map and detailed scaled drawings of the AQUATIC FACILITY site plan or floor plan with detailed
locations of the AQUATIC VENUES and AQUATIC FEATURES; and
2) The locations of all water supply facilities, sources of drinking water, public or private sewers, and
relative elevations of paved or other walkways and the EQUIPMENT ROOM floor shall be shown on the
plans with the elevations of storm and sanitary sewer inverts and street grade.
4.1.2.2 Plans and Specifications
4.1.2.2.1 Drawings Detailed scaled and dimensional drawings for each individual AQUATIC
2023 MAHC CODE 4.0 Aquatic Facility Design and Construction 28
VENUE shall include an AQUATIC VENUE area plan and layout plan along with dimensioned longitudinal and
transverse cross sections of the AQUATIC VENUE.
4.1.2.2.1.1 Operating Conditions The design documents shall include a record of operating
conditions (water temperature(s), space temperature, space relative humidity, space dew point) and intended
use for each type of VENUE (FLAT WATER, AGITATED WATER, HOT WATER) accepted by both the design engineer
and owner/operator.
4.1.2.2.2 Aquatic Venue Attributes Detailed scaled and dimensional drawings for each
individual AQUATIC VENUE shall include location and type of:
1) INLETS;
2) Overflows;
3) Drains;
4) Suction outlets;
5) Overflow gutters or devices;
6) Piping;
7) Designed POOL water elevation;
8) AQUATIC FEATURES such as ladders, stairs, diving boards, SLIDES, and play features;
9) Lighting;
10) POOL markings; and
11) Surface materials
4.1.2.2.3 Area Design Detailed scaled and dimensional drawings of the AQUATIC FACILITY and
for each individual AQUATIC VENUE, as appropriate, shall include location and type of:
1) Design of AQUATIC VENUE ENCLOSURE including walls, fencing, entry and exit doors and gates, self-
closing and latching hardware, and locks;
2) Design of DECK, including paving materials, DECK slope, and DECK drains;
3) Paved walkways and other hardscape features;
4) SLIP-RESISTANT flooring;
5) AQUATIC VENUE area finishes;
6) Drinking fountains or other sources of drinking water;
7) Entries and exits;
8) Hose bibs;
9) Fences;
10) Telephones; and
11) Area lighting.
4.1.2.2.4 Aquatic Venue Recirculation and Treatment Design Detailed scaled and
dimensional drawings for each individual AQUATIC VENUE shall contain a flow diagram showing the location,
plan, elevation, and schematics of:
1) Filters;
2) Pumps;
2023 MAHC CODE 4.0 Aquatic Facility Design and Construction 29
3) Chemical feeders and interlocks;
4) Chemical controllers and interlocks;
5) SECONDARY TREATMENT, if required;
6) Supplemental disinfection systems, if installed;
7) Ventilation devices or AIR HANDLING SYSTEMS;
8) Heaters;
9) Surge tanks, including operating levels;
10) BACKFLOW prevention assemblies and air gaps;
11) Valves;
12) Piping;
13) Flow meters;
14) Gauges;
15) Thermometers;
16) Test cocks;
17) Sight glasses; and
18) Drainage system for the disposal of AQUATIC VENUE water and filter wastewater.
4.1.2.2.5 Equipment Room Design Detailed scaled and dimensional drawings for each
individual AQUATIC VENUE shall contain a schematic layout of the AQUATIC VENUE EQUIPMENT ROOM OR
AREA showing accessibility for installation and maintenance.
4.1.2.2.6 Chemical Storage Space Design Detailed scaled and dimensional drawings for each
individual AQUATIC VENUE shall contain a schematic layout of the AQUATIC FACILITY CHEMICAL STORAGE
SPACE(S).
4.1.2.2.7 Hygiene Facility Design Detailed scaled and dimensional drawings for each AQUATIC
FACILITY shall show the location and number of all available HYGIENE FACILITIES provided including
dressing rooms, lockers and basket STORAGE, SHOWERS, lavatory, toilet FIXTURES, and DIAPER-CHANGING
STATIONS.
4.1.2.3.6 Equipment Characteristics and Rating The technical specifications and supplemental
engineering data for each AQUATIC FACILITY and each AQUATIC VENUE shall include:
1) Detailed information on the type, size, operating characteristics, and rating of all mechanical and
electrical equipment;
2) Hydraulic computations for head loss in all piping and recirculation equipment;
3) Pump curves that demonstrate that the selected recirculation pump(s) are adequate for the calculated
required flows; and
4) For INDOOR AQUATIC FACILITIES, documentation that demonstrates that the INDOOR AQUATIC FACILITY is
designed to meet the acoustic design criteria contained in MAHC 4.6.11.
5) Documentation per MAHC 4.7.3.2.2.3 to demonstrate that the selected disinfectant feeders/equipment are
of sufficient size and capacity, including evaluation of the CHLORINE demand factors in MAHC
4.7.3.2.2.2.1.
4.1.2.3.7 Recirculation Rate and Turnover The technical specifications for each AQUATIC
VENUE shall include the recirculation rate and TURNOVER TIME.
4.1.2.3.8 Filter Media The technical specifications for each AQUATIC VENUE shall include
information on the filter media such as diatomaceous earth, sand, gravel, or other approved material.
4.1.2.3.9 Equipment Specifications The technical specifications for each INDOOR AQUATIC
FACILITY shall include information on each piece of equipment associated with that INDOOR AQUATIC
FACILITY. For climate control equipment, the specifications shall include the following items at a minimum:
sensible cooling capacity, sensible heating capacity, MOISTURE REMOVAL CAPACITY (MRC) in lbs/hr,
MOISTURE REMOVAL EFFICIENCY (MRE) as listed in the AHRI Standard 920-2020 Performance Rating of
Direct Expansion-Dedicated Outdoor Air System Units or AHRI Standard 910-2014 Performance Rating of
Indoor Pool Dehumidifiers, CFM of outside air, CFM of exhaust air, CFM of supply air, voltage, power
requirements, and design temperature and humidity.
4.1.2.3.10 Safety Equipment Specifications The technical specifications for each AQUATIC
FACILITY shall include information on all aquatic safety equipment.
4.1.2.3.11 Design for Risk Management The layout for zones of PATRON surveillance as
specified in MAHC 6.3.3.1.1 shall be included and must show features or design configurations that can
impact PATRON surveillance.
4.1.2.3.12 Other Specifications The technical specifications for each AQUATIC FACILITY and each
AQUATIC VENUE shall include additional information related to the project requested by the AHJ for the
purposes of the construction of the AQUATIC FACILITY and each AQUATIC VENUE and all appurtenances.
4.1.2.3.13 Air Filter Media The air filters used should be suitable for elevated humidity levels.
2023 MAHC CODE 4.0 Aquatic Facility Design and Construction 32
4.1.3A Plan Approval
4.1.3.1 New Construction
4.1.3.1.1 Approval Limitations The AHJ shall clearly state in its construction approval
documents the limitations of their approval.
4.1.3.1.2 Other Approvals The approval shall also state that it is independent of all other required
approvals such as Building, Zoning, Fire, Electrical, Structural, and any other approvals as required by all
applicable local, state, territorial, federal, and tribal laws and the applicant must separately obtain all
other required approvals and permits.
4.1.3.1.3 Plan Review Coordination The AHJ shall coordinate their AQUATIC FACILITY plan
review and communicate their approval with the owner’s representative and DESIGN PROFESSIONALS
associated with an AQUATIC FACILITY construction.
4.1.3.1.4 Plan Review Report The AHJ shall provide a plan submission compliance review list to
the AQUATIC FACILITY owner with the following information:
1) Categorical items marked satisfactory, unsatisfactory, not applicable, or insufficient information;
2) A comment section, keyed to the compliance review list, shall detail unsatisfactory and insufficient
findings;
3) Indication of the AHJ approval or disapproval of the AQUATIC FACILITY construction plans;
4) In the case of a disapproval, specific reasons for disapproval, and procedure for resubmittal; and
5) Reviewer’s name, signature, and date of review.
4.1.3.1.5 Plans Maintained The AQUATIC FACILITY owner shall maintain at least one set of their
own approved plans made available to AHJ on file for as long as the AQUATIC FACILITY is in operation.
4.1.3.2 Non-Substantial Alterations
4.1.3.2.1 Alteration Review The AQUATIC FACILITY owner planning a NON-SUBSTANTIAL
ALTERATION shall contact the AHJ to review proposed changes prior to starting the NON-SUBSTANTIAL
ALTERATION.
4.1.3.2.2 Alteration Scope The AQUATIC FACILITY operator shall consult with the AHJ to
determine if new or modified plans must be submitted for plan review and approval for other NON-
SUBSTANTIAL ALTERATIONS proposed.
4.1.3.3A Replacements
4.1.3.3.1 Replacement Approval Prior to replacing equipment, the AQUATIC FACILITY owner
shall submit technical verification to the AHJ that all replacement equipment is equal to that which was
originally approved and installed.
4.1.3.3.2 Replacement Equipment Equivalency The replacement of pumps, filters, feeders,
controllers, SKIMMERS, flow-meters, valves, or other similar equipment with identical or substantially similar
equipment may be done without submission to the AHJ for approval of new or altered AQUATIC FACILITY
plans.
4.1.3.3.3 Emergency Replacement In emergencies, the replacement may be made prior to
receiving the AHJ’s approval, with the owner accepting responsibility for proper immediate replacement, if
the equipment is not deemed equivalent by the AHJ.
4.1.3.3.3.1 Documentation Where emergency replacements are installed as per MAHC
4.1.3.3.3, the owner shall submit documentation for review and approval of the replacement to the AHJ
within 45 days.
2023 MAHC CODE 4.0 Aquatic Facility Design and Construction 33
4.1.3.3.4 Replacement Record Maintenance The AHJ shall provide the AQUATIC FACILITY
owner written approval or disapproval of the proposed replacement equipment’s equivalency.
4.1.3.3.5 Documentation Documentation of proposed, approved, and disapproved replacements
shall be maintained in the AHJ’s AQUATIC FACILITY files.
4.1.4A Compliance Certificate
4.1.4.1 Construction Compliance Certificate A certificate of construction compliance shall be
submitted to the AHJ for all AQUATIC FACILITY plans for new construction and SUBSTANTIAL ALTERATIONS
requiring AHJ approvals.
4.1.4.2 Certificate Preparation This certificate shall be prepared by a DESIGN PROFESSIONAL and be
within the scope of their practice as defined by the local, state, territorial, federal, and tribal laws governing
professional practice within the jurisdiction of the permit issuing official.
4.1.4.3 Certificate Statement The certificate shall also include a statement that the AQUATIC
FACILITY, all equipment, and appurtenances have been constructed and/or installed in accordance with
approved plans and specifications.
4.1.4.4A Systems Commissioning If commissioning or testing reports for systems such as AQUATIC
FACILITY lighting, air handling, recirculation, filtration, and/or DISINFECTION are conducted, then those
reports shall be included in furnished documentation.
4.1.4.5 Maintenance Documentation of AQUATIC FACILITY new construction or SUBSTANTIAL
ALTERATION plan compliance shall be maintained in the AHJ’s AQUATIC FACILITY files.
4.1.5 Construction Permits
4.1.5.1 Building Permit for Construction Applicable construction permits shall be obtained before
any AQUATIC FACILITY may be constructed.
4.1.5.2 Remodeling Building Permit A construction permit or other applicable permits may be
required from the AHJ before SUBSTANTIAL ALTERATION of an AQUATIC FACILITY.
4.1.5.3 Permit Issuance The AHJ shall issue a permit to the owner to operate the AQUATIC FACILITY:
1) After receiving a certificate of completion from the DESIGN PROFESSIONAL verifying information
submitted and
2) When new construction, SUBSTANTIAL ALTERATIONS, or annual renewal requirements of this CODE have
been met.
4.1.5.4 Permit Denial The permit (license) to operate may be withheld, revoked, or denied by the
AHJ for noncompliance of the AQUATIC FACILITY with the requirements of this CODE, and the owner will be
provided:
1) Specific reasons for disapproval and procedure for resubmittal;
2) Notice of the rights to appeal this denial and procedures for requesting an appeal; and
3) Reviewer’s name, signature, and date of review and denial.
4.1.5.5 Documentation Documentation of AQUATIC FACILITY permit renewal or denial shall be
maintained in the AHJ’s AQUATIC FACILITY files.
4.1.5.6 Suspension or Revocation of Construction Permit The AHJ shall revoke a permit or
approval issued under the provisions of this CODE in case of any false statement or misrepresentation of fact
in the application or on the construction documents on which the approval was based.
4.1.5.7 Stop Work Orders Upon notice from the AHJ, work on any system that is being performed
contrary to the provisions of this CODE or in a dangerous or unsafe manner shall immediately cease. Such
2023 MAHC CODE 4.0 Aquatic Facility Design and Construction 34
notice shall be in writing and shall be given to the owner of the property, the owner's authorized agent, or to
the person performing the work. The notice shall state the condition under which work is authorized to
resume.
4.1.5.7.1 Emergency Stop Work Orders When an emergency exists, the AHJ shall not be required to
give a written notice prior to stopping the work.
4.2 Materials
4.2.1 Aquatic Venues
4.2.1.1 Construction Material AQUATIC VENUES shall be constructed of reinforced concrete or
impervious and structurally sound material(s), which provide a smooth, easily cleaned, watertight structure
capable of withstanding the anticipated stresses/loads for full and empty conditions taking into consideration
climatic, hydrostatic, seismic, and the integration of the AQUATIC VENUE with other structural conditions and
as required by applicable CODES.
4.2.1.2 Durability All materials shall be inert, non-toxic, resistant to corrosion, impervious, enduring,
and resistant to damages related to environmental conditions of the installation region.
4.2.1.3 Areas Subject to Freezing Where located in areas subject to freezing, AQUATIC VENUES and
appurtenances shall be designed to protect against damage due to freezing.
4.2.1.4 Competitive Pools Competitive or lap POOLS may have lane markings and end wall targets
installed in accordance with FINA, NCAA, USA Swimming, NFHS, or other recognized STANDARD.
4.2.1.5A Design Parameters Any graphics, color, or finish incorporated into the construction of a
POOL or painted on the floor or walls shall not prevent the detection of a BATHER in distress, algae, sediment,
or other objects in the AQUATIC VENUE.
4.2.1.6 Watertight POOLS shall be designed in such a way to maintain their ability to retain the
designed amount of water.
4.2.1.7A Smooth Finish All vertical walls shall have a durable finish suitable for regular scrubbing and
cleaning at the waterline.
4.2.1.7.1 Daily Cleaning The finish shall be able to withstand daily brushing, scrubbing, and
cleaning of the surface in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations.
4.2.1.7.2 Skimmer Pools SKIMMER POOLS shall have a 6 inch (152 mm) to 12 inch (305 mm) high
waterline finish that meets the requirements of MAHC 4.2.1.7 and 4.2.1.7.1.
4.2.1.7.3 Gutter / Perimeter Overflow Systems Gutter or perimeter overflow systems shall have
a minimum finish height of 2 inches (51 mm) that meets the requirements of MAHC 4.2.1.7 and 4.2.1.7.1.
4.2.1.7.4 Dark Colors If dark colors in excess of what is required in MAHC 4.5.11 of this CODE
are used for the POOL finish, these colors shall not extend more than 12 inches (305 mm) below the waterline.
4.2.1.8A Slip Resistant POOL floors in areas less than 3 feet (0.9 m) deep shall have a SLIP-RESISTANT
finish.
4.2.1.9 Stainless Steel, Vinyl, PVC-P or PVC Pools Stainless steel, vinyl, PVC-P, or PVC panel
and liner POOL finish systems shall be acceptable provided that the system is installed on top of approved
materials and design requirements as listed within this section.
4.2.1.9.1 Damaged If at any time the liner system is damaged or cut in such a way that its
integrity is compromised, the POOL shall be shut down until the system is fully repaired.
2023 MAHC CODE 4.0 Aquatic Facility Design and Construction 35
4.2.1.10 Not Permitted Wood, sand, or earth shall not be permitted as an interior finish.
4.2.2 Indoor Aquatic Facility
4.2.2.1 Interior Finish
4.2.2.1.1 Relative Humidity The interior finish of an INDOOR AQUATIC FACILITY shall be
designed for an indoor relative humidity as not less than 80%.
4.2.2.2A Condensation Prevention
4.2.2.2.1A Cold Weather INDOOR AQUATIC FACILITY building envelope construction shall include
a vapor-retarder/insulation arrangement to assist in preventing the condensation of water on inside POOL room
envelope building surfaces and within any wall, ceiling, glass, or floor structure under the coldest outdoor
conditions based on the ASHRAE climate data for the project locale or nearest reporting city and the highest
design indoor relative humidity.
4.2.2.2.1.1 Weather Data The ASHRAE dehumidification weather data for the facility
geographical location shall be used when calculating the effects of the ventilation air to the space it is being
introduced. This shall be added to the evaporation load of all water surfaces, and occupant (includes
spectators, swimmers, and non-swimmers on the DECK) latent moisture when sizing the climate control
equipment.
4.2.2.2.2A Paint or Coating Where a paint or coating serves as the vapor retarder of an INDOOR
AQUATIC FACILITY, the paint or coating shall be applied so as to produce a permeability rating of 0.2 U.S.
perm (11.4 ng·s−1·m−2·Pa−1) or less. All paints and coatings applied inside the air barrier of a facility shall
meet the requirements of UL 2818-2013 through testing of products to CDPH/EHLB/Standard Method v1.1
or UL 2818-2013.
4.2.2.2.2.1 Application The paint or coating shall be applied according to the manufacturer’s
recommendations for use as a vapor retarder.
4.2.2.2.3 Perforated Interior-Finish Material Where a perforated interior-finish material is
used in an INDOOR AQUATIC FACILITY, as for acoustic effects, the perforated material shall not be considered
to be a vapor retarder unless it has a listed permeability rating less than 0.2 U.S. perm (11.4 ng·s−1·m−2·Pa−1).
4.2.2.3 Mechanical Systems
4.2.2.3.1 Equipment Rooms For EQUIPMENT ROOMS, see MAHC 4.9.1.
4.2.2.3.2 Chemical Storage Spaces For chemical storage spaces, see MAHC 4.9.2.
4.2.2.3.3A Indoor Aquatic Facility Air Pressure INDOOR AQUATIC FACILITY air pressure shall
be relative to the areas external to it (such as adjacent indoor spaces or adjacent outdoor spaces.) The
AQUATIC FACILITY AIR HANDLING SYSTEM design, construction, and installation shall comply with the
ASHRAE 2019 negative pressure recommendations as outlined in the ASHRAE Applications Handbook on
Indoor Pool Design and the ASHRAE Standard 62.1, Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality, and all
applicable local, state, territorial, federal, and tribal laws and additional requirements as stated in section
MAHC 4.6.2.
4.2.2.3.3.1 Chemical Storage Space Air Pressure AIR HANDLING SYSTEM design for
CHEMICAL STORAGE SPACES shall conform to the International Mechanical Code or Uniform Mechanical
Code, and either the International Fire Code or the NFPA 1 Fire Code, and all applicable local, state,
territorial, federal, and tribal laws.
4.2.2.3.3.1.1 Not Interconnected This CHEMICAL STORAGE SPACE AIR HANDLING
SYSTEM shall not be interconnected with the INDOOR AQUATIC FACILITY’S CLIMATE CONTROL SYSTEM.
4.2.2.3.4A Air Ducts Where air ducts are required, they shall be resistant to corrosion from the
airborne chemicals.
2023 MAHC CODE 4.0 Aquatic Facility Design and Construction 36
4.2.2.3.4.1A Insulated Duct Any system duct work located in an area not being conditioned shall
be insulated on the exterior of the duct with a mold-resistant material where the surface temperature of the
duct is capable of being less than the airstream temperature within the duct.
4.2.2.3.5 Filters Filters for outdoor-air intake shall be rated moisture resistant.
4.2.2.4A Indoor Aquatic Facility Doors
4.2.2.4.1 Corrosion Resistant INDOOR AQUATIC FACILITY doors shall either be constructed of
corrosion-resistant materials or have a covering or coating to withstand humid and corrosive environments
which is acceptable to the AHJ.
4.2.2.4.2 Uncontrolled Condensation INDOOR AQUATIC FACILITY doors which may be exposed
to temperatures below INDOOR AQUATIC FACILITY-air dew point shall have thermal breaks, insulation, and/or
glazing as necessary to minimize the risk of uncontrolled condensation.
4.2.2.4.2.1 Heating Systems Exception: Other doors shall be acceptable, subject to approval by
the AHJ, where heating systems are so arranged as to maintain such doors above the maximum design dew
point of the INDOOR AQUATIC FACILITY air.
4.2.2.4.3 Biological Contaminants INDOOR AQUATIC FACILITY doors and door-frame
construction shall not contribute to the growth of biological CONTAMINANTS.
4.2.2.4.4 Air Leakage INDOOR AQUATIC FACILITY doors and/or door frames shall be equipped
with seals and/or gaskets to minimize air leakage when the door is closed.
4.2.2.4.5A Automatic Door Closer All pedestrian doors around the INDOOR AQUATIC FACILITY
perimeter shall be equipped with an automatic door closer capable of closing the door completely without
human assistance and a self-latching device designed to engage and keep the door closed without human
assistance.
4.2.2.4.5.1 Difference in Air Pressure Door closers shall be able to close the door against the
specified difference in air pressure between the INDOOR AQUATIC FACILITY and other INTERIOR SPACES.
4.2.2.5A Indoor Aquatic Facility Windows
4.2.2.5.1 Frames INDOOR AQUATIC FACILITY window frames shall be constructed of suitable
materials or shall have a suitable covering or coating to withstand the expected atmosphere.
4.2.2.5.2 Biological Contaminants INDOOR AQUATIC FACILITY window frames shall be
constructed of materials that do not contribute to the growth of biological CONTAMINANTS.
4.2.2.5.3 Thermal Breaks INDOOR AQUATIC FACILITY window frames shall have thermal breaks
or be otherwise constructed to minimize the risk of uncontrolled condensation.
4.2.2.6 Indoor Aquatic Facility Electrical Systems and Components Refer to MAHC 4.6.3
4.5.1.2 Water Clarity Main suction outlets or a permanent tile used as a reference to test for or
observe water clarity shall be installed according to MAHC 4.5.1.2.1 through 4.5.1.2.4.
4.5.1.2.1 Pools Ten Feet Deep or Less For POOLS 10 feet deep (3.0 m) or less, a 4 inch x 4 inch
square (10.2 cm x 10.2 cm) reference tile in a contrasting color to the POOL floor or main suction outlet shall
be located at the deepest part of the POOL.
4.5.1.2.2 Pools Over Ten Feet Deep For POOLS over 10 feet deep (3.0 m) an 8 inch by 8 inch
square (20.3 cm x 20.3 cm) reference tile in a contrasting color to the POOL floor or main suction outlet shall
be located at the deepest part of the POOL.
4.5.1.2.3 Visible This reference tile shall be visible at all times at any point on the DECK up to 30
feet (9.1 m) away in a direct line of sight from the tile or main drain.
4.5.1.2.4 Spas For SPAS, this test shall be performed when the water is in a non-turbulent state and
bubbles have been allowed to dissipate.
4.5.1.2.5 Reference Tile Alternative Where main suction outlets are not provided for or where
finish materials do not allow for the installation of a water clarity reference tile, an alternate means of
achieving the goal of observing water clarity shall be provided.
4.5.2 Bottom Slope
4.5.2.1A Under Five Feet In water depths under 5 feet (1.5 m), the slope of the floor of all POOLS shall
not exceed 1 foot (30.5 cm) vertical drop for every 12 feet (3.7 m) horizontal.
4.5.2.2 Five Feet or Over In water depths 5 foot (1.5 m) and greater, the slope of the floors of all
POOLS shall not exceed 1 foot (30.5 cm) vertical to 3 feet (0.9 m) horizontal. Exception: POOLS designed and
used for competitive diving shall be designed to meet the STANDARDS of the sanctioning organization (such
as NFHS, NCAA, USA Diving, or FINA).
4.5.2.3A Drain POOLS shall be designed so that they drain without leaving puddles or trapped standing
water.
4.5.3 Pool Access / Egress
4.5.3.1A Accessibility Each POOL shall have a minimum of two means of access and egress, with one
located within 10 feet (3.0 m) of the shallowest end, and one located within 10 feet of the deepest end of the
POOL, where applicable, with the exception of:
4.5.4.6 Stair Risers Stair risers shall have a minimum uniform height of 6 inches (15.2 cm) and a
maximum height of 12 inches (30.5 cm), with a tolerance of ½ inches (12.7 mm) between adjacent risers.
4.5.4.6.1 Transitional Areas Stairs shall not be used underwater to transition between two
sections of POOL of different depths. The bottom riser may vary due to potential cross slopes with the POOL
floor; however, the bottom step riser may not exceed the maximum allowable height required by this section.
4.5.4.7 Top Surface The top surface of the uppermost stair tread shall be located not more than 12
inches (30.5 cm) below the POOL coping or DECK.
4.5.4.8A Perimeter Gutter Systems For POOLS with PERIMETER GUTTER SYSTEMS, the gutter may
serve as a step, provided that the gutter is provided with a grating or cover and conforms to all construction
and dimensional requirements herein specified.
4.5.5 Handrails
4.5.5.1 Provided Handrail(s) shall be provided for each set of stairs.
4.5.5.2 Corrosion Resistant Handrails shall be constructed of corrosion-resistant materials and
anchored securely.
4.5.5.3A Upper Railing The upper railing surface of handrails shall extend above the POOL coping or
DECK a minimum of 28 inches (71.1 cm).
4.5.5.4 Wider Than Five Feet Stairs wider than 5 feet (1.5 m) shall have handrails at either side and
2023 MAHC CODE 4.0 Aquatic Facility Design and Construction 40
spaced not more than every 12 feet (3.7 m) apart across the entire stair width.
4.5.5.5A ADAAG Accessibility Handrail outside dimensions intended to serve as a means of ADAAG
accessibility shall conform to requirements of MAHC 4.5.5.6.
4.5.5.6 Support Handrails shall be designed to resist a load of 50 pounds (22.7 kg) per linear foot
applied in any direction and independently a single concentrated load of 200 pounds (90.7 kg) applied in any
direction at any location.
4.5.5.6.1 Transfer Loads Handrails shall be designed to transfer these loads through the supports
to the POOL or DECK structure.
4.5.5.7A Dimensions Dimensions of handrails shall conform to requirements of MAHC Table 4.5.5.7
and MAHC Figure 4.5.5.7.1.
Table 4.5.5.7: Stair Handrail Dimensions
Dimensions T-1 H-1
3 inches 34 inches
Minimum
(7.6 cm) (86.4 cm)
38 inches
Maximum N/A
(96.5 cm)
4.5.7.5 Uniformly Spaced RECESSED STEPS shall be uniformly spaced not less than 6 inches (15.2
cm) and not more than 12 inches (30.5 cm) vertically along the POOL wall.
4.5.7.6 Uppermost Step The top surface of the uppermost RECESSED STEP shall be located not more
than 12 inches (30.5 cm) below the POOL coping or DECK.
4.5.7.7 Perimeter Gutter Systems For POOLS with PERIMETER GUTTER SYSTEMS, the gutter may
serve as a step, provided that the gutter is provided with a grating or cover and conforms to all construction
and dimensional requirements herein specified.
4.5.8 Ladders
4.5.8.1 General Guidance for Ladders
4.5.8.1.1 Corrosion Resistant Where provided, ladders shall be constructed of corrosion-
resistant materials.
4.5.8.1.2 Anchored Ladders shall be anchored securely to the DECK.
4.5.8.2A Ladder Handrails
4.5.8.2.1 Two Handrails Provided Ladders shall have two handrails.
4.5.8.2.2 Clear Space The horizontal clear space between handrails shall be not less than 17
inches (43.2 cm) and not more than 24 inches (61.0 cm).
4.5.8.2.3 Upper Railing The upper railing surface of handrails shall extend above the POOL
coping or DECK a minimum of 28 inches (71.7 cm).
4.5.8.2.4A Pool Wall The clear space between handrails and the POOL wall shall be not less than 3
inches (7.6 cm) and not more than 4 inches (10.2 cm) between the POOL wall and the ladder.
4.5.8.2.5A Support Ladders shall be designed to resist a load of 50 pounds (22.7 kg) per linear foot
applied in any direction and independently a single concentrated load of 200 pounds (90.7 kg) applied in any
direction at any location.
4.5.8.2.5.1 Transfer Loads Ladders shall be designed to transfer these loads through the
supports to the POOL or DECK structure.
4.5.8.3 Ladder Treads
4.5.8.3.1 Slip Resistant Ladder treads shall be SLIP RESISTANT.
4.5.8.3.2 Tread Depth Ladder treads shall have a minimum horizontal tread depth of 1.5 inches
2023 MAHC CODE 4.0 Aquatic Facility Design and Construction 43
(3.8 cm).
4.5.8.3.2.1 Distance Between Tread and Pool Wall The distance between the horizontal tread
and the POOL wall shall not be greater than 4 inches (10.2 cm).
4.5.8.3.3 Uniformly Spaced Ladder treads shall be uniformly spaced not less than 7 inches (17.8
cm) and not more than 12 inches (30.5 cm) vertically at the handrails.
4.5.8.3.4 Upmost Ladder Tread The top surface of the upmost ladder tread shall be located not
more than 12 inches (30.5 cm) below the POOL coping, gutter, or DECK.
4.5.9 Zero Depth (Sloped) Entries
4.5.9.1 Slip Resistant Where ZERO DEPTH ENTRIES are provided, they shall be constructed with SLIP-
RESISTANT materials.
4.5.9.2 Maximum Floor Slope ZERO DEPTH ENTRIES shall have a maximum floor slope of 1:12,
consistent with the requirements of MAHC 4.5.2.1.
4.5.9.2.1 Slope Changes Changes in floor slope shall be permitted.
4.5.9.3 Trench Drains Trench drains shall be used along ZERO DEPTH ENTRIES at the waterline to
facilitate surface skimming.
4.5.9.3.1 Flat or Follow Slope The trenches may be flat or follow the slope of the ZERO DEPTH
ENTRY.
4.5.9.3.2 Handholds Any handholds that present a trip hazard shall not be continuous along the
ZERO DEPTH ENTRY.
4.5.9.4 Rope and Float Line Where the bottom of a POOL slopes from a ZERO DEPTH ENTRY to water
depths greater than 3 feet (0.9 m) and includes an area for young non-swimmers to wade and play, a ROPE
AND FLOAT LINE shall be installed at the 3 feet (0.9 m) depth to provide a visual and physical separation
between the area for toddlers and young non-swimmers and the deeper areas of the POOL.
4.5.9.4.1 Exceptions An exception shall be made for WAVE POOLS, SURF POOLS, and
WATERSLIDE LANDING POOLS.
4.5.12.2 Contrasting Color A contrasting color shall be provided on the edges of any support ledge to
draw attention to the ledge for BATHER SAFETY.
4.5.12.3 Rounded Corners All corners created by adjoining walls shall be rounded or have a radius in
both the vertical and horizontal dimensions to eliminate sharp corners.
4.5.12.4A No Protrusions, Extensions, Means of Entanglement, or Obstructions There shall be
no protrusions, extension, means of entanglement, or other obstructions in the AQUATIC VENUE that may
cause the entrapment or injury of the user or interfere with proper POOL operation.
4.5.12.5 Transitional Point Where walls join the floor, the transitional point or profile shall comply
with the following:
4.5.12.5.1 Intersect Walls may intersect with the floor at an angle or a transition profile.
4.5.12.5.2 Depths 3–5 Feet At water depths 3–5 ft (91–152 cm), the maximum radius shall be 2 ft
3 in (69 cm).
4.5.12.5.3 Depths Less Than Three Feet At water depths 3 ft (91 cm) or less, a transitional
radius shall not exceed 6 in (15 cm) and shall be tangent to the wall and may be tangent to or intersecting the
floor.
4.5.12.5.4 Depths Greater Than Three Feet At water depths greater than 3 ft (91 cm), a
transitional radius shall be tangent to the wall at a point no less than 2 ft 6 in (76 cm) below the water surface
and may progressively increase from 6 in (15 cm) to a value capable of being tangent to or intersecting the
floor.
2023 MAHC CODE 4.0 Aquatic Facility Design and Construction 45
4.5.13A Structural Stability
4.5.13.1 Withstand Loads POOLS shall be designed to withstand the reasonably anticipated loads
imposed by POOL water, BATHERS, and adjacent soils or structures.
4.5.13.2 Hydrostatic Relief Valve A hydrostatic relief valve and/or suitable under drain system shall
be provided where the water table exerts hydrostatic pressure to uplift the POOL when empty or drained.
4.5.13.3 Freezing POOLS and related circulation piping shall be designed with a winterizing strategy
when in an area subject to freeze/thaw cycles.
4.5.14A Handholds
4.5.14.1 Handholds Provided Where not otherwise exempted, every POOL shall be provided with
handholds (PERIMETER GUTTER SYSTEM, coping, horizontal bars, recessed handholds, cantilevered DECKING)
around the perimeter of the POOL where the water depth at the wall exceeds 24 inches (61.0 cm).
4.5.14.1.1 Installed These handholds shall be installed not greater than 9 inches (22.9 cm) above,
or 3 inches (7.6 cm) below static water level.
4.5.14.2 Horizontal Recesses Horizontal recesses may be used for handholds provided they are a
minimum of 24 inches (61.0 cm) long, a minimum of 4 inches (10.2 cm) high and between 2 inches (5.1 cm)
and 3 inches (7.6 cm) deep.
4.5.14.2.1 Drain Horizontal recesses shall drain into the POOL.
4.5.14.2.2 Consecutive Recesses Horizontal recesses need not be continuous, but consecutive
recesses shall be separated by no more than 12 inches (30.5 cm) of wall.
4.5.14.3 Decking Where PERIMETER GUTTER SYSTEMS are not provided, a coping or cantilevered
DECKING of reinforced concrete or material equivalent in strength and durability, with rounded, SLIP-
RESISTANT edges shall be provided.
4.5.14.4 Coping Dimensions The horizontal overhang for coping or cantilevered DECKING shall not
be greater than 2 inches (5.1 cm) from the vertical plane of the POOL wall, nor less than 1 inch (2.5 cm).
4.5.14.5 Coping Thickness The vertical thickness of the coping or cantilevered DECKING shall not
exceed 2.5 inches (6.4 cm) for the horizontal overhang.
4.5.15 Infinity Edges
4.5.15.1A Perimeter Restrictions Not more than fifty percent (50%) of the POOL perimeter shall
incorporate an INFINITY EDGE detail, unless an adjacent and PATRON accessible DECK space conforming to
MAHC 4.8.1 is provided.
4.5.15.2 Length The length of an INFINITY EDGE shall be no more than 30 feet (9.1 m) long when in
water depths greater than 5 feet (1.5 m).
4.5.15.2.1 Shallow Water No maximum distance is enforced for the length of INFINITY EDGES in
shallow water 5 feet (1.5 m) and less.
4.5.15.3A Handholds Handholds conforming to the requirements of MAHC 4.5.14 shall be provided for
INFINITY EDGES, which may be separate from, or incorporated as part of the INFINITY EDGE detail.
4.5.15.4 Construction Guidance Where INFINITY EDGES are provided, they shall be constructed of
reinforced concrete or other impervious and structurally rigid material(s) and designed to withstand the loads
imposed by POOL water, BATHERS, and adjacent soils or structures.
4.5.15.5 Overflow Basins Troughs, basins, or capture drains designed to receive the overflow from
2023 MAHC CODE 4.0 Aquatic Facility Design and Construction 46
INFINITY EDGES shall be watertight and free from STRUCTURAL CRACKS.
4.5.15.5.1 Finish Troughs, basins, or capture drains designed to receive the overflow from
INFINITY EDGES shall have a non-toxic, smooth, and SLIP-RESISTANT finish.
4.5.15.6A Maximum Height The maximum height of the wall outside of the INFINITY EDGE shall not
exceed 30 inches (76.2 cm) to the adjacent grade and capture drain.
4.5.16A Underwater Benches
4.5.16.1A Slip Resistant Where provided, UNDERWATER BENCHES shall be constructed with SLIP-
RESISTANT materials.
4.5.16.2 Outlined Edges The leading horizontal and vertical edges of UNDERWATER BENCHES shall be
outlined with a continuous slip-resistant, color-contrasting tile or other permanent marking of not less than ¾
inch (1.9 cm) and not greater than 2 inches (5.1 cm).
4.5.16.3A Maximum Water Depth UNDERWATER BENCHES may be installed in areas of varying
depths, but the maximum POOL water depth in that area shall not exceed 5 feet (1.5 m).
4.5.16.4 Maximum Seat Depth The maximum submerged depth of any seat or sitting bench shall be
20 inches (50.8 cm) measured from the water line.
4.5.17 Underwater Ledges
4.5.17.1A Slip Resistant Where UNDERWATER TOE LEDGES are provided to enable swimmers to rest or
to provide structural support for an upper wall, they shall be constructed with SLIP-RESISTANT materials.
4.5.17.2 Protrude UNDERWATER TOE LEDGES for resting that are recessed or protrude beyond the
vertical plane of the POOL wall shall meet the criteria for SLIP RESISTANT and tread depth outlined in this
section.
4.5.17.3A Five Feet or Greater UNDERWATER TOE LEDGES for resting shall only be provided within
areas of a POOL with water depths of 5 feet (1.5 m) or greater.
4.5.17.3.1 Underwater Toe Ledge UNDERWATER TOE LEDGES shall start no earlier than 4 lineal
feet (1.2 m) to the deep side of the 5 foot (1.5 m) slope break.
4.5.17.3.2 Below Water Level UNDERWATER TOE LEDGES shall be at least 4 feet (1.2 m) below
static water level.
4.5.17.4A Structural Support UNDERWATER LEDGES for structural support of upper walls shall be
allowed.
2023 MAHC CODE 4.0 Aquatic Facility Design and Construction 47
(A) Structural support ledge all within (B) Underwater ledge for support of upper wall.
1 in 5 slope.
4.5.17.4.1 Ledge Slope All structural support ledges and slopes of the wall below shall fall within a
plane sloped at a maximum of 1 horizontally in 5 vertically or 11 degrees from the water line down to a water
depth of 5 feet (1.5 m). Refer to MAHC Figure 4.5.17.4.
4.5.17.4.2 Ledge Depth A structural support ledge shall be installed at a water depth of 3 feet (0.9
m) or deeper.
4.5.17.5 Outlined The edges of UNDERWATER TOE LEDGES and underwater structural support ledges
shall be outlined with a continuous SLIP-RESISTANT, color-contrasting tile or other permanent marking of not
less than 1 inch (2.5 cm) and not greater than 2 inches (5.1 cm).
4.5.17.5.1 Visible If they project past the plane of the POOL wall, the edges of UNDERWATER TOE
LEDGES and underwater structural support ledges shall be clearly visible from the DECK.
4.5.17.6 Tread Depths UNDERWATER TOE LEDGES and underwater structural support ledges shall have
a maximum uniform horizontal tread depth of 4 inches (10.2 cm). See MAHC Figure 4.5.17.4.
4.5.18A Underwater Shelves
4.5.18.1 Immediately Adjacent UNDERWATER SHELVES may be constructed immediately adjacent to
water 3 feet 6 inches (1.1 m) or shallower.
4.5.18.2 Nosing UNDERWATER SHELVES shall have a SLIP-RESISTANT, color-contrasting nosing at the
leading horizontal and vertical edges on both the top of horizontal edges and leading vertical edges and should
be clearly visible from the DECK or from underwater.
4.5.18.3 Maximum Depth UNDERWATER SHELVES shall have a maximum depth of 24 inches (61.0
cm).
4.5.18.4 Depth Markings Depth markings required at the same spacing as required by MAHC 4.5.19
and are in addition to the depth marking locations on the deck as required by MAHC 4.5.19.
4.5.19 Depth Markers and Markings
4.5.19.1 Location
4.5.19.1.1 Markings POOL water depths shall be clearly and permanently marked at the following
locations:
2023 MAHC CODE 4.0 Aquatic Facility Design and Construction 48
1) Minimum depth,
2) Maximum depth,
3) On both sides and at each end of the POOL, and
4) At the break in the floor slope between the shallow and deep portions of the POOL.
4.5.19.1.2A Depth Measurements Depth markers shall be located on the vertical POOL wall and
positioned to be read from within the POOL.
4.5.19.1.3A Below Handhold Where depth markings cannot be placed on the vertical wall above the
water level, other means shall be used so that the markings will be plainly visible to persons in the POOL.
4.5.19.1.4 Coping or Deck Depth markers shall also be located on the POOL coping or DECK within
18 inches (45.7 cm) of the POOL structural wall or perimeter gutter.
4.5.19.1.5 Read on Deck Depth markers shall be positioned to be read while standing on the DECK
facing the POOL.
4.5.19.1.6 Twenty-Five Foot Intervals Depth markers shall be installed at not more than 25 (7.6
m)-foot intervals around the POOL perimeter edge and according to the requirements of this section.
4.5.19.1.6.1 Five Feet or Less For water less than 5 feet (1.5 m) in depth, the depth shall be
marked at 1 foot (30.5 cm) depth intervals.
4.5.19.2 Construction / Size
4.5.19.2.1 Durable Depth markers shall be constructed of a durable material resistant to local
weather conditions.
4.5.19.2.2 Slip Resistant Depth markers shall be SLIP RESISTANT when they are located on
horizontal surfaces.
4.5.19.2.3A Color and Height Depth markers shall have letters and numbers with a minimum
height of 4 inches (10.2 cm) of a color contrasting with background.
4.5.19.2.4A Feet and Inches Depth markers shall be marked in units of feet and inches.
4.5.19.2.4.1 Abbreviations Abbreviations of “FT” and “IN” may be used in lieu of “FEET” and
“INCHES.”
4.5.19.2.4.1.1 Abbreviations Symbols for feet (‘) and inches (“) shall not be permitted on
water depth signs.
4.5.19.2.4.2 Metric Metric units may be provided in addition to—but not in lieu of—units of feet
and inches.
4.5.19.3 Tolerance Depth markers shall be located to indicate water depth to the nearest 3 inches (7.6
cm), as measured from the POOL floor 3 feet (0.9 m) out from the POOL wall to the gutter lip, mid-point of
surface SKIMMER(S), or surge weir(s).
4.5.19.4 No Diving Markers
4.5.19.4.1A Depths For POOL water depths 5 feet (1.5 m) or shallower, all DECK depth markers
required by MAHC 4.5.19 shall be provided with “NO DIVING” warning signs along with the universal
international symbol for “NO DIVING.”
4.5.19.4.1.1 Spacing “NO DIVING” warning signs and symbols shall be spaced at no more than
25 foot (7.6 m) intervals around the POOL perimeter edge.
4.5.19.4.2 Durable “NO DIVING” MARKERS shall be constructed of a durable material resistant
to local weather conditions.
2023 MAHC CODE 4.0 Aquatic Facility Design and Construction 49
4.5.19.4.3 Slip Resistant “NO DIVING” MARKERS shall be SLIP RESISTANT when they are
located on horizontal surfaces.
4.5.19.4.4 At Least Four Inches All lettering and symbols shall be at least 4 inches (10.2 cm) in
height.
4.5.19.5A Depth Marking At Break in Floor Slope
4.5.19.5.1 Over Five Feet For POOLS deeper than 5 feet (1.5 m), a line of contrasting color, not
less than 2 inches (5.1 cm) and not more than 6 inches (15.2 cm) in width, shall be clearly and permanently
installed on the POOL floor at the shallow side of the break in the floor slope, and extend up the POOL walls to
the waterline.
4.5.19.5.2 Durable Depth marking at break in floor slope shall be constructed of a durable material
resistant to local weather conditions and be SLIP RESISTANT.
4.5.19.5.3 Rope and Float Line One foot (30.5 cm) to the shallower side of the break in floor
slope and contrasting band, a ROPE AND FLOAT LINE shall extend across the POOL surface with the exception
of WAVE POOLS, SURF POOLS, and WATERSLIDE LANDING POOLS.
4.5.19.6A Dual Marking System Symmetrical AQUATIC VENUE designs with the deep point at the
center may be allowed by providing a dual depth marking system which indicates the depth at the wall as
measured in MAHC 4.5.19.3 and at the deep point.
4.5.19.7 Non-Traditional Aquatic Venues Controlled-access AQUATIC VENUES (such as ACTIVITY
POOLS, LAZY RIVERS, and other AQUATIC VENUES with limited access) shall only require depth markers on a
sign at points of entry.
4.5.19.7.1 Clearly Visible Depth marker signs shall be clearly visible to PATRONS entering the
VENUE.
4.5.19.7.2 Lettering and Symbols All lettering and symbols shall be as required for other types of
depth markers.
4.5.19.8A Wading Pool Depth Markers AQUATIC VENUES where the maximum water depth is 6
inches (15.2 cm) of water or less (such as WADING POOLS and ACTIVITY POOL areas) shall not be required to
have depth markings or “NO DIVING” signage.
4.5.19.9 Movable Floor Depth Markers For AQUATIC VENUES with movable floors, a sign
indicating movable floor and/or varied water depth shall be provided and clearly visible from the DECK.
4.5.19.9.1 Vertical Measurement The posted water depth shall be the water level to the floor of
the AQUATIC VENUE according to a vertical measurement taken 3 feet (0.9 m) from the AQUATIC VENUE wall.
4.5.19.9.2 Signage A sign shall be posted to inform the public that the AQUATIC VENUE has a
varied depth and refer to the sign showing the current depth.
4.5.19.10 Spas A minimum of two depth markers shall be provided regardless of the shape or size of the
SPA as per MAHC 4.12.1.6.
4.5.20 Aquatic Venue Shell Maintenance [N/A]
4.5.21A Special Use Aquatic Venues
4.5.21.1 Adequately Support The DESIGN PROFESSIONAL shall provide information to adequately
support why the SPECIAL USE AQUATIC VENUE does not meet the definition and use characteristics of other
categories of AQUATIC VENUES or POOLS listed in the CODE.
4.5.21.2 Justification The DESIGN PROFESSIONAL shall provide justification to support variance
requests in accordance with 5.2.3 for design parameters that do not meet the design STANDARDS and
2023 MAHC CODE 4.0 Aquatic Facility Design and Construction 50
construction requirements listed in MAHC 4.0.
4.6.1.5.1.2 Higher Light Levels Higher underwater light levels shall be considered for deeper
water to achieve this outcome.
4.6.1.5.2 Dimmable Lighting Dimmable lighting shall not be used for underwater lighting.
2023 MAHC CODE 4.0 Aquatic Facility Design and Construction 51
4.6.1.6A Night Swimming with No Underwater Lighting
4.6.1.6.1 Minimum Requirements Where outdoor POOLS are open for use from 30 minutes
before sunset to 30 minutes after sunrise, or during periods of low illumination, underwater lighting may be
excluded where:
1) Maintained POOL surface lighting levels are a minimum of 15 horizontal footcandles (161 lux), and
2) All portions of the POOL, including the bottom and drain(s), are readily visible as required in MAHC
5.7.6.1.
4.6.1.7A Emergency Lighting
4.6.1.7.1 Emergency Egress Lighting POOL areas requiring lighting shall be provided with
emergency egress lighting in compliance with the applicable local, state, territorial, federal, and tribal
building CODES.
4.6.1.7.2 Footcandles The path of egress shall be illuminated to at least a value of 0.5 footcandles
(5.4 lux).
4.6.1.8A Glare Windows and any other features providing natural light into the POOL space and
overhead or equivalent DECK lighting shall be designed or arranged to inhibit or reduce glare on the POOL
water surface that would prevent seeing objects on the POOL bottom.
4.6.2A Indoor Aquatic Facility Ventilation
4.6.2.1A Purpose INDOOR AQUATIC FACILITY AIR HANDLING SYSTEMS shall be designed, constructed,
and installed to support the health and SAFETY of the building’s PATRONS.
4.6.2.2A Exemptions INDOOR AQUATIC FACILITY AIR HANDLING SYSTEM design requirements do not
apply to AQUATIC FACILITIES that do not meet the definition of a “Building” in the IBC 2012.
4.6.2.3 Indoor Aquatic Facility AIR HANDLING SYSTEM design requirements shall apply to new or
SUBSTANTIALLY ALTERED INDOOR AQUATIC FACILITIES including the area of the building’s AQUATIC VENUES
and the surrounding BATHER and spectator/STADIUM SEATING areas.
4.6.2.4 Mechanical Code INDOOR AQUATIC FACILITY AIR HANDLING SYSTEM design, construction,
and installation shall comply with all applicable local, state, territorial, federal, and tribal laws.
4.6.2.5A ASHRAE 62.1 Compliance INDOOR AQUATIC FACILITY AIR HANDLING SYSTEM design,
construction, and installation shall comply with ASHRAE Standard 62.1 2019, Ventilation for Acceptable
Indoor Air Quality, and all applicable local, state, territorial, federal, and tribal laws with additional
requirements as stated in MAHC 4.6.2.6.
4.6.2.5.1 Weather Data The ASHRAE dehumidification weather data for the facility
geographical location shall be used when calculating the effects of the ventilation air to the space it is being
introduced. This shall be added to the evaporation load of all water surfaces when sizing the climate control
equipment.
4.6.2.6 Temperature and Humidity Control
4.6.2.6.1 Mechanical Systems Ventilation shall be provided through mechanical systems and/or
engineered openings for natural ventilation.
4.6.2.6.2A Design Factors and Performance Requirements The AIR HANDLING SYSTEM design
engineer shall provide plan drawings and documentation with the following components showing the design
meets the performance requirements per MAHC 4.6.2.7:
1) Building layout identifying the geographic location of the INDOOR AQUATIC FACILITY;
2) INDOOR AQUATIC FACILITY size including area in square feet and height;
2023 MAHC CODE 4.0 Aquatic Facility Design and Construction 52
3) The surface area for DRY DECK, PERIMETER DECK, POOL DECK, POOL water surface, and for STADIUM
SEATING sections;
4) Theoretical peak occupancy per aquatic venue, spectator, and deck spaces;
5) Placement of AIR HANDLING SYSTEM and other building outdoor air intakes exterior to the building;
6) Placement of AIR HANDLING SYSTEM and other building exhaust vents exterior to the building;
7) Placement of return air intakes within the INDOOR AQUATIC FACILITY;
8) Placement of supply air locations within the INDOOR AQUATIC FACILITY;
9) Identify system capabilities, if provided, to automatically or manually modulate the amount of outdoor air
for the purposes of reducing the number of cfm of outdoor air when occupancy in STADIUM SEATING
sections is lower than THEORETICAL PEAK OCCUPANCY;
10) Identify system design to maintain negative air pressure in the INDOOR AQUATIC FACILITY relative to the
indoor areas external to it, or to the outside of the facility; and
11) Heating, cooling, and dehumidification load calculations including design envelope sensible cooling
loads, envelope heating loads, ventilation sensible and latent loads, spectator sensible and latent loads (if
applicable) and POOL evaporation loads.
4.6.2.6.3A Other Air Handling Systems AIR HANDLING SYSTEM design for CHEMICAL STORAGE
SPACES, mechanical, toilet, SHOWER, and dressing rooms are not included in the scope of this section of the
CODE, but shall be considered for their effects on the performance requirements of MAHC 4.6.2.7 such as
maintaining negative pressure, temperature differences, and contribution to the air volume of the INDOOR
AQUATIC FACILITY.
4.6.2.6.4 High Volume, Low Speed Fans AIR HANDLING SYSTEM design may not consider
mechanical fans used to push air within the space as part of the outdoor air calculations for the INDOOR
AQUATIC FACILITY as defined in MAHC 4.6.2.7.
4.6.2.6.4.1 Air Delivery Rate Mechanical fans used to push air within the space may be used in
the calculation for AIR DELIVERY RATE per MAHC 4.6.2.7.5.
4.6.2.6.5 Occupied and Open All Seasons AIR HANDLING SYSTEM design may include natural
ventilation calculated in accordance with the ASHRAE Handbooks to substitute the corresponding portion of
mechanical ventilation only if all the calculated exterior openings will be continuously controlled open during
all times the INDOOR AQUATIC FACILITY is occupied, regardless of season.
4.6.2.6.6 Air Distribution Design The design of the distribution of supply air and distribution of
exhaust or return air shall consider obstacles such as support columns, architectural structures, and AQUATIC
FEATURES.
4.6.3.2.3A Electrical Devices Electrical devices or equipment shall not occupy an interior
CHEMICAL STORAGE SPACE, except as required to service devices integral to the function of the room, such as
pumps, vessels, controls, lighting, and safety devices.
4.6.3.2.4A Protected Against Breakage Lamps, including fluorescent tubes, installed in interior
CHEMICAL STORAGE SPACES shall be protected against breakage with a lens or other cover, or be otherwise
protected against the accidental release of hot materials.
2023 MAHC CODE 4.0 Aquatic Facility Design and Construction 56
4.6.4A Pool Water Heating
4.6.4.1A High Temperature When designing POOL heating equipment, measures shall be taken to
prevent BATHER exposure to water temperatures in excess of 104°F (40°C).
4.6.4.2 Pressure Relief Device A listed pressure-relief device shall be installed to limit the pressure
on the heating equipment to no more than the maximum value specified by the heating-equipment
manufacturer and applicable CODES.
4.6.4.3 Code Compliance POOL-water heating equipment shall be selected and installed to preserve
compliance with the applicable CODES, the terms of listing and labeling of equipment, and with the equipment
manufacturer’s installation instructions and applicable CODES.
4.6.4.4A Equipment Room Requirements Where POOL water heaters use COMBUSTION and are
located inside a building, the space in which the heater is located shall be considered to be an EQUIPMENT
ROOM, and the requirements of MAHC 4.9.1 shall apply.
4.6.4.4.1 Carbon Monoxide Detector A carbon monoxide detector with local alarming,
CERTIFIED, LISTED, AND LABELED in accordance with UL 2075, shall be installed in all such EQUIPMENT
ROOMS.
4.6.4.4.2 Adjacent Rooms All rooms that are immediately adjacent to spaces containing fuel
burning equipment or vents carrying the products of combustion shall also be provided with locally alarming
carbon monoxide detectors.
4.6.4.5 Exception Heaters CERTIFIED, LISTED, AND LABELED for the atmosphere shall be acceptable
without isolation from chemical fumes and vapors.
4.6.5 First Aid Area
4.6.5.1A Station Design Design and construction of new AQUATIC FACILITIES shall include an area
designated for first aid equipment and/or treatment.
4.6.6 Emergency Exit
4.6.6.1 Labeling Gates and/or doors which will allow egress without a key shall be clearly and
conspicuously labeled in letters at least 4 inches (10.2 cm) high "EMERGENCY EXIT."
4.6.7 Drinking Fountains
4.6.7.1A Provided A drinking fountain shall be provided inside an AQUATIC FACILITY and shall be
CERTIFIED, LISTED, AND LABELED to NSF/ANSI 61-2020 and, if electric, UL 399.
4.6.7.1.1 Alternative Alternate locations or the use of bottled water shall be evaluated by the AHJ.
4.6.7.1.2 Common Use Area If the drinking fountain cannot be provided inside the AQUATIC
FACILITY, it shall be provided in a common use building or area adjacent to the AQUATIC FACILITY entrance
and on the normal path of BATHERS going to the AQUATIC FACILITY entrance.
4.6.7.2 Readily Accessible The drinking fountain shall be located where it is readily accessible and
not a hazard to BATHERS per MAHC 4.10.2.
4.6.7.2.1 Not Located The drinking fountain shall not be located in a SHOWER area or toilet area.
4.6.7.3 Single Fountain A single drinking fountain shall be allowed for one or more AQUATIC
VENUES within an AQUATIC FACILITY.
4.6.7.4 Angle Jet Type The drinking fountain shall be an angle jet type installed according to
applicable plumbing CODES.
4.6.7.5 Potable Water Supply The drinking fountain shall be supplied with water from an approved
2023 MAHC CODE 4.0 Aquatic Facility Design and Construction 57
potable water supply.
4.6.7.6 Wastewater The wastewater discharged from a drinking fountain shall be routed to an
approved sanitary sewer system or other approved disposal area according to applicable plumbing CODES.
4.6.8 Garbage Receptacles
4.6.8.1 Sufficient Number Receptacles shall be provided within an AQUATIC FACILITY to ensure that
garbage and refuse can be disposed of properly to maintain safe and sanitary conditions.
4.6.8.2 Number and Location The number and location of receptacles shall be at the discretion of
the AQUATIC FACILITY manager.
4.6.8.3 Closable Receptacles shall be designed to be closed with a lid or other cover so they remain
closed until intentionally opened.
4.6.9 Food and Drink Concessions
4.6.9.1 Meet AHJ Requirements Concessions for food and drink in an AQUATIC FACILITY shall
meet all AHJ requirements.
4.6.10 Spectator Areas
4.6.10.1 Within Aquatic Facility Enclosure An area designed for use by spectators may be located
within an AQUATIC FACILITY ENCLOSURE.
4.6.10.2 Deck When a spectator area or an access to a spectator area is located within the AQUATIC
FACILITY ENCLOSURE, the DECK adjacent to the area or access shall provide egress width for the spectators in
addition to the width required by MAHC 4.8.1.5.
4.6.10.2.1 Additional Width The additional width shall be based on the egress requirements in the
applicable building CODE based on the THEORETICAL PEAK OCCUPANCY of the AQUATIC FACILITY served with
a minimum width of 4 feet (1.2 m) and have either of the following qualities outlined in MAHC 4.6.10.2.1.1
or MAHC 4.6.10.2.1.2.
4.6.10.2.1.1 Barrier A BARRIER as defined in MAHC 4.8.6.1 located on the DECK to separate the
DECK used by spectators from the PERIMETER DECK used by BATHERS.
4.6.10.2.1.1.1 Openings The BARRIER may have one or more openings directly into the
BATHER areas.
4.6.10.2.1.2 Demarcation Line A demarcation line on the DECK that shows the separation
between the DECK used by spectators and the PERIMETER DECK used by BATHERS.
4.6.10.3A Balcony A spectator or other area located in a balcony within 10 feet (3.0 m) of or
overhanging any portion of an AQUATIC VENUE shall be designed to prevent jumping or diving into the
AQUATIC VENUE.
4.6.10.4A Bleachers Bleachers in a spectator area shall be designed according to the ICC’s most recent
version of the 300 Standard or another applicable CODE.
4.6.11 Indoor Aquatic Facility Acoustics
4.6.11.1A Acoustic Design Criteria Acoustic design requirements shall apply to a new INDOOR
AQUATIC FACILITY or one that undergoes SUBSTANTIAL ALTERATION.
4.6.11.2A Sound Absorption INDOOR AQUATIC FACILITIES shall be designed, constructed, and installed
with an AVERAGE SOUND ABSORPTION COEFFICIENT (ALPHA BAR) of 0.20 or greater.
4.6.11.2.1A Facilities Used Primarily by Specific Hearing Populations An ALPHA BAR of 0.25
or greater shall be used for INDOOR AQUATIC FACILITIES designed primarily for use by children, the elderly,
or persons with hearing difficulties.
2023 MAHC CODE 4.0 Aquatic Facility Design and Construction 58
4.6.11.3A Noise INDOOR AQUATIC FACILITIES shall be designed, constructed, and installed so that the
noise generated by the AIR HANDLING SYSTEM does not exceed a NOISE CRITERION level of 50 (NC-50) or 55
dBA at any time while the INDOOR AQUATIC FACILITY is open for use.
4.6.11.4A Sound Absorbing Materials When part of the interior finish, acoustical materials or
finishes used for SOUND ABSORPTION shall meet the design requirements of MAHC 4.2.2.1.1 and 4.2.2.2.3.
4.6.11.5A Concave Room Surfaces The design of INDOOR AQUATIC FACILITIES with a domed roof,
gable roof, or other shape that may cause sound focusing, irrespective of the ALPHA BAR, shall address sound
focusing, REVERBERATION, and echoes that would interfere with speech intelligibility.
4.7.1.3.3.3.2 Skimmers INLETS shall be placed at least 5 feet (1.5 m) from a SKIMMER.
4.7.1.3.3.3.3 Isolated INLETS shall be placed in each recessed or isolated area of the POOL.
4.7.1.3.3.4 Directional Flow Wall INLETS shall not require design to provide directional flow
if part of a manufactured gutter system in which the filtered return water conduit is contained within the gutter
structure.
4.7.1.3.3.5A Dye Testing The AHJ may require dye testing to evaluate the mixing characteristics
of the RECIRCULATION SYSTEM.
4.7.1.3.3.5.1 Failed Test If dye test reveals inadequate mixing in the POOL after 20
minutes, the RECIRCULATION SYSTEM shall be adjusted or modified to assure adequate mixing.
4.7.1.4 Perimeter Overflow Systems/Gutters
4.7.1.4.1 General
4.7.1.4.1.1A Skimming All POOLS shall be designed to provide SKIMMING for the entire POOL
surface area with engineering rationale provided by the DESIGN PROFESSIONAL.
4.7.1.4.1.1.1 Around Entire Pool For POOLS that require a perimeter overflow system,
the perimeter overflow system shall extend around the entire POOL perimeter except where noted in this
CODE.
4.7.1.5.3A Skimmer Flow Rate The flow rate for the SKIMMERS shall comply with manufacturer
data plates or NSF/ANSI 50 including Annex K.
4.7.1.5.4 Control
4.7.1.5.4.1 Weir Each SKIMMER shall have a weir that adjusts automatically to variations in
water level over a minimum range of 4 inches (10.2 cm).
4.7.1.5.4.2 Trimmer Valve Each SKIMMER shall be equipped with a trimmer valve capable of
distributing the total flow between individual SKIMMERS.
4.7.1.5.5 Tolerances
4.7.1.5.5.1 Skimmer Base The base of each SKIMMER shall be level with all other SKIMMERS in
the POOL within a tolerance of plus or minus ¼ inch (6.4 mm).
4.7.1.6A Submerged Suction Outlet
4.7.1.6.1 General Submerged suction outlet fitting assemblies (SOFAs), shall be CERTIFIED,
LISTED, AND LABELED to the requirements of ANSI/APSP/ICC-16 2017 and shall be installed in accordance
with the SOFA specific installation instructions, including minimum sump depth, pipe size(s), adapters
frames, structural supports, and fasteners.
4.7.1.6.2 Number and Location SOFAs labeled as blockable shall be installed with a minimum
of two fittings. SOFAs labeled unblockable shall be installed with one or more fittings, except for those
installed and used as ANSI/APSP/ICC-16 Maintenance Drains or Fire Suppression Source Outlets (ref.
¶1.2.2), which may be a single outlet.
4.7.1.6.2.1 Flow Ratings SOFA system flow ratings shall be calculated as follows: 1) Blockable
SOFA systems: the sum of the installation specific SOFA flow ratings minus the flow rating of a SOFA with
the highest installed flow rating; 2) Unblockable SOFA systems: the sump of the installation specific flow
2023 MAHC CODE 4.0 Aquatic Facility Design and Construction 62
rating(s).
4.7.1.6.2.1.1 Location SOFAs or outlets may be located on the bottom or side wall.
Maintenance drains and SOFAs used to drain the POOL shall be located on the bottom and at the deepest point
to achieve the objective of MAHC 4.5.2.3.
4.7.1.6.2.1.2 Connected Multiple outlets shall be connected to a single main suction pipe
by branch line pipe that is not valved so as to be capable of operating independently.
4.7.1.6.2.2 Spaced Outlets shall be spaced within the minimum and maximum separation
distances specified by SOFA specific installation instructions and spaced as specified by the DESIGN
PROFESSIONAL for aesthetic and engineering reasons.
4.7.1.6.3 Tank Connection Where gravity outlets are used, the main drain outlet shall be
connected to a surge tank, collection tank, or balance tank/pipe.
4.7.1.6.4A Flow Distribution and Control
4.7.1.6.4.1 Design Capacity The submerged suction outlet system piping shall be designed at a
minimum to handle the total design recirculation flow rate.
4.7.1.6.4.1.1 Two Main Drain Outlets Where there are two main drain outlets, the branch
pipe from each main drain outlet shall be designed to carry 100% of the total design recirculation flow rate.
4.7.1.6.4.1.2 Three or More Drains Where three or more main drain outlets are
connected by branch piping in accordance with MAHC 4.7.1.6.2.1.1 through MAHC 4.7.1.6.2.1.3, the design
flow through each branch pipe from each main drain outlet may be as follows:
1) Qmax for each drain= Q (total design recirculation flow rate) / (number of drains less one) and
2) Qmax=Qtotal / (N-1).
4.7.1.6.4.2 Proportioning Valve The single main drain suction pipe to the pump shall be
equipped with a proportioning valve(s) to adjust the flow distribution between the main drain piping and the
surface overflow system piping.
4.7.1.6.5 Flow Velocities
4.7.1.6.5.1 Standards Flow velocities shall meet ANSI/APSP-16 20171 based on 100% design
flow through each main drain cover.
4.7.1.7 Piping
4.7.1.7.1 Design
4.7.1.7.1.1 Materials Piping system components in contact with swimming POOL water shall be
of non-toxic material, resistant to corrosion, able to withstand operating pressures, chemicals, and
temperatures.
4.7.1.7.1.2 Standards Piping and piping system component materials shall be suitable for
potable water contact.
4.7.1.7.1.2.1 Certified, Listed, and Labeled Piping and piping system component
materials shall be CERTIFIED, LISTED, AND LABELED to NSF/ANSI 14, NSF/ANSI 50, and NSF/ANSI 61, as
applicable.
4.7.1.7.1.2.2 Certified Piping and piping system component materials shall be CERTIFIED,
LISTED, AND LABELED to a specific STANDARD by an ANSI-accredited certification organization.
4.7.1.8.2.3 Required Flow Rate The pump shall be designed to maintain total design
recirculation flow rate under all conditions.
2023 MAHC CODE 4.0 Aquatic Facility Design and Construction 64
4.7.1.8.2.4 Vacuum Limit Switches Where vacuum filters are used, a vacuum limit switch shall
be provided on the pump suction line.
4.7.1.8.2.5 Maximum The vacuum limit switch shall be set for a maximum vacuum of 18 inches
(45.7 cm) of mercury.
4.7.1.8.2.6 Pump Priming All recirculation pumps shall be self-priming or flooded-suction.
4.7.1.8.2.7 Net Positive Suction Head Requirement All recirculation pumps shall meet the
minimum NPSH requirement for the system.
4.7.1.8.3A Operating Gauges
4.7.1.8.3.1 Vacuum Gauge A compound vacuum-pressure gauge shall be installed on the pump
suction line as close to the pump as possible.
4.7.1.8.3.2 Suction Lift A vacuum gauge shall be used for pumps with suction lift.
4.7.1.8.3.3 Installed A pressure gauge shall be installed on the pump discharge line adjacent to
the pump.
4.7.1.8.3.4 Easily Read Gauges shall be installed so they can be easily read.
4.7.1.8.3.5 Valves All gauges shall be equipped with valves to allow for servicing under
operating conditions.
4.7.1.9 Flow Measurement and Control
4.7.1.9.1A Flow Meters A flow meter accurate to within +/- 5% of the actual design flow shall be
provided for each filtration system.
4.7.1.9.1.1 Certified, Listed, and Labeled Flow meters shall be CERTIFIED, LISTED, AND
LABELED to NSF/ANSI 50 by an ANSI-accredited certification organization.
4.7.1.9.2 Valves All pumps shall be installed with a manual adjustable discharge valve to provide
a backup means of flow control as well as for system isolation.
4.7.1.10A Flow Rates / Turnover Times
Table 4.7.1.10: Aquatic Venue Maximum Allowable Turnover Times
Type of Pools Turnover Maximum
Activity Pools 2 hours or less
Diving Pools 8 hours or less
Interactive Water Play* 0.5 hours or less
Lazy River 2 hours or less
Plunge Pools 1 hour or less
Runout Slide 1 hour or less
Wading Pools* 1 hour or less
Wave Pools 2 hours or less
All Other Pools 6 hours or less
Surf Pools Submit engineering justification from equipment manufacturer
*Shall have secondary treatment
2023 MAHC CODE 4.0 Aquatic Facility Design and Construction 65
Aquatic Venue Maximum Allowable Turnover Times for Spa, Therapy*, & Exercise Pools
Temperatures Load Turnover Maximum
≤ 72⁰–93⁰F > 2,500 gals/person
4 hours or less
(22⁰–34⁰C) (9.46 m3)
≤ 72⁰–93⁰F > 450 gals/person
2 hours or less
(22⁰–34⁰C) (1.7 m3)
≤ 72⁰–93⁰F ≤ 450 gals/person
1 hour or less
(22⁰–34⁰C) (1.7 m3)
≥ 93°–104⁰F
All 0.5 hours or less
(34⁰–40⁰C)
*Shall have secondary treatment
4.7.1.10.1 Maximum Allowable All AQUATIC VENUES shall comply with the above maximum
allowable TURNOVER TIMES shown in MAHC Table 4.7.1.10.
4.7.1.10.2A Calculated The TURNOVER TIME shall be calculated based on the total volume of water
divided by the total design recirculation flow rate through the filtration process.
4.7.1.10.2.1A Unfiltered Water Unfiltered water such as water that may be withdrawn from and
returned to the AQUATIC VENUE for such AQUATIC FEATURES as SLIDES by a pump separate from the filtration
system, shall not factor into TURNOVER TIME.
4.7.1.10.3A Turnover Times TURNOVER TIMES shall be calculated based solely on the flow rate
through the filtration system.
4.7.1.10.3.1 Required The required TURNOVER TIME shall be the lesser of the following options:
1) The specified time in MAHC Table 4.7.1.10 or
2) The time required for individual components (e.g., three SKIMMERS with flow rates set by the
manufacturer and an additional 20% for the main drains could exceed the minimum value in the table).
4.7.1.10.3.2 Total Volume The total volume of the AQUATIC VENUE system shall include the
AQUATIC VENUE and any surge/balance tank.
4.7.1.10.3.3 Supply Water Where water is drawn from the AQUATIC VENUE to supply water to
AQUATIC FEATURES (e.g., SLIDES, tube rides), the water may be reused prior to filtration provided the
disinfectant concentration and pH of the supply water are maintained at required levels.
4.7.1.10.4A Reuse Ratio The ratio of INTERACTIVE WATER PLAY AQUATIC VENUE FEATURE water to
filtered water shall be no greater than 3:1 in order to maintain the efficiency of the FILTRATION SYSTEM.
4.7.1.10.5A Flow Turndown System For AQUATIC FACILITIES that intend to reduce the
recirculation flow rate below the minimum required design values when the POOL is unoccupied, the flow
turndown system shall be designed as follows in MAHC 4.7.1.10.5.1 through MAHC 4.7.1.10.5.2.
4.7.1.10.5.1 Flowrate The system flowrate shall not be reduced more than 25% lower than the
minimum design requirements and only reduced when the AQUATIC VENUE is unoccupied.
4.7.1.10.5.1.1 Clarity The system flowrate shall only be reduced if the minimum water
clarity required under MAHC 5.7.6 is met and the turbidity level in the POOL is less than 0.5 NTU.
4.7.1.10.5.1.2 Disinfectant Concentration The turndown system shall be required to
maintain required disinfectant concentration and pH at all times.
2023 MAHC CODE 4.0 Aquatic Facility Design and Construction 66
4.7.1.10.5.2 Increase When the turndown system is also used to intelligently increase the
recirculation flow rate above the minimum requirement (e.g., in times of peak use to maintain water quality
goals more effectively), the following requirements shall be met at all times:
1) Velocity requirements inside of pipes (per MAHC 4.7.1.7.2) and
2) Maximum filtration system flows.
4.7.2A Filtration
4.7.2.1 All Filters
4.7.2.1.1 Required Filtration shall be required for all AQUATIC VENUES that recirculate water.
4.7.2.1.2A Certified, Listed, and Labeled Filters All filters shall be CERTIFIED, LISTED, AND
LABELED to NSF/ANSI 50 by an ANSI-accredited certification organization or approved by the AHJ with
proper engineering justification.
4.7.2.1.3 Appropriate Filter Media Filters shall use the appropriate filter media as
recommended by the filter manufacturer for maximum clarity and cycle length for AQUATIC VENUE use.
4.7.2.1.4 Certified, Listed, and Labeled Filter Media All filter media, including alternative
filter media, shall be CERTIFIED, LISTED, AND LABELED to NSF/ANSI 50 by an ANSI-accredited certification
organization and within the size specifications provided by the filter manufacturer and NSF/ANSI 50 or
approved by the AHJ with proper engineering justification.
4.7.2.2 Granular Media Filters
A
4.7.2.2.1 General
4.7.2.2.1.1 Valves and Piping The granular media filter system shall have valves and piping to
allow isolation, venting, complete drainage (for maintenance or inspections), and backwashing of individual
filters.
4.7.2.2.1.2 Filtration Accessories Filtration accessories shall include the following items:
1) Influent pressure gauge,
2) Effluent pressure gauge,
3) Backwash sight glass or other means to view backwash water clarity, and
4) Manual air relief system.
4.7.2.2.2A Filter Location and Spacing
4.7.2.2.2.1 Installed Filters shall be installed with adequate clearance and facilities for ready and
safe inspection, maintenance, disassembly, and repair.
4.7.2.2.2.2 Media Removal A means and access for easy removal of filter media shall be
required.
4.7.2.2.3 Filtration and Backwashing Rates
4.7.2.2.3.1A Operate High-rate granular media filters shall be designed to operate at no more than
15 GPM per square foot (37 m/h) when a minimum bed depth of 15 inches (38.1 cm) is provided per
manufacturer.
4.7.2.2.3.1.1 Less than Fifteen Inch Bed Depth When a bed depth is less than 15 inches
(38.1 cm), filters shall be designed to operate at no more than 12 GPM per square foot (29 m/h).
4.7.2.2.3.2A Backwash System Design The granular media filter system shall be designed to
backwash each filter at a rate of at least 15 GPM per square foot (37 m/h) of filter bed surface area, unless
explicitly prohibited by the filter manufacturer and approved at an alternate rate as specified in their
2023 MAHC CODE 4.0 Aquatic Facility Design and Construction 67
NSF/ANSI 50 listing.
4.7.2.2.4A Minimum Filter Media Depth Requirements The minimum depth of filter media
cannot be less than the depth specified by the manufacturer.
4.7.2.2.5 Differential Pressure Measurement Gauges Influent and effluent pressure gauges
shall have the capability to measure up to a 20 pounds per square inch (138 KPa) increase in the differential
pressure across the filter bed in increments of 1 pound per square inch (6.9 KPa) or less.
4.7.2.2.6A Coagulant Injection Equipment Installation If coagulant feed systems are used,
they shall be installed with the injection point located before the filters as far ahead as possible, with electrical
interlocks in accordance with MAHC 4.7.3.2.1.3.
4.7.2.3 Precoat Filters
4.7.2.3.1A Filtration Rates
4.7.2.3.1.1 Vacuum Precoat The design filtration rate for vacuum precoat filters shall not be
greater than either:
1) 2 GPM per square foot (4.9 m/h) or
2) 2.5 GPM per square foot (6.1 m/h) when used with a continuous precoat media feed (commonly referred
to as “body-feed”).
4.7.2.3.1.2 Pressure Precoat The design filtration rate for pressure precoat filters shall not be
greater than two GPM per square foot (4.9 m/h) of effective filter surface area.
4.7.2.3.1.3 Calculate The filtration surface area shall be based on the outside surface area of the
media with the manufacturer's recommended thickness of precoat media and consistent with their NSF/ANSI
50 listing and labeling.
4.7.2.3.2A Precoat Media Introduction System Process The precoat process shall follow the
manufacturer’s recommendations and requirements of NSF/ANSI 50.
4.7.2.3.3A Continuous Filter Media Feed Equipment
4.7.2.3.3.1 Manufacturer Specification If equipment is provided for the continuous feeding of
filter media to the filter influent, the equipment shall be used in accordance with the manufacturer’s
specifications.
4.7.2.3.3.2 Filter Media Discharge All discharged filter media shall be handled in accordance
with all applicable local, state, territorial, federal, and tribal laws.
4.7.2.4A Cartridge Filters
4.7.2.4.1A Filtration Rates The design filtration rate for surface-type cartridge filter shall not
exceed 0.30 GPM per square foot (0.20 L/s/m2).
4.7.2.4.2A Supplied and Sized Filter cartridges shall be supplied and sized in accordance with the
filter manufacturer's recommendation for AQUATIC VENUE use.
4.7.2.4.3A Spare Cartridge One complete set of spare cartridges shall be maintained onsite in a
clean and dry condition.
4.7.3A Disinfection and pH Control
4.7.3.1 Chemical Addition Methods
4.7.3.1.1 Disinfection and pH DISINFECTION and pH control chemicals shall be automatically
introduced through the RECIRCULATION SYSTEM.
4.7.3.1.1.1 Controller Used A chemical controller, as specified in MAHC 4.7.3.2.8 shall be
provided and used for MONITORING and control of disinfectant and pH feed equipment.
2023 MAHC CODE 4.0 Aquatic Facility Design and Construction 68
4.7.3.1.1.2 Feeder DISINFECTION and pH control chemicals shall be added using a feeder that
meets the requirements outlined in MAHC 4.7.3.2.
4.7.3.2 Feed Equipment
4.7.3.2.1A General
4.7.3.2.1.1 Required Chemical feeders shall be required in new or existing AQUATIC FACILITIES
upon adoption of this CODE.
4.7.3.2.1.2 Feeders & Devices The AQUATIC FACILITY shall be equipped with chemical feed
equipment such as flow-through chemical feeders, electrolytic chemical generators, mechanical chemical
feeders, chemical feed pumps, and AUTOMATED CONTROLLERS that are CERTIFIED, LISTED, AND LABELED to
NSF-ANSI 50 by an ANSI-accredited certification organization.
4.7.3.2.1.2.1 Specified by Manufacturer Flow-through chemical feeders shall only be
used with the chemical (formulation, brand, size, and shape) specified by the chemical feeder manufacturer.
4.7.3.2.1.3 Interlock Controls and No or Low Flow Deactivation For all new or
SUBSTANTIALLY RENOVATED AQUATIC VENUES and within 1 year of adoption of this CODE for existing
facilities, all chemical control and feed systems shall be provided with an automatic means to disable all
chemical feeders for each VENUE or portion of a VENUE in the event of a low flow or no flow condition. This
shall be accomplished through an electrical interlock consisting of at least two of the following:
1) Recirculation pump power monitor,
2) Flow meter/flow switch in the return line, or
3) Flow meter/flow switch at the chemical controller.
4.7.3.2.1.3.1 Installed The electrical interlock system shall be installed per
manufacturer’s instructions and shall never be altered.
4.7.3.2.1.3.2 Visual Alarm For new installations and replacement equipment, if the feeder
is disabled through the electrical interlock, a visual alarm or other indication shall be initiated that will alert
staff onsite for BATHER evacuation.
4.7.3.2.1.4 Installation The chemical control and feed systems shall be installed according to
the manufacturer's instructions.
4.7.3.2.1.4.1 Protective Cover A physical BARRIER shall be installed between chemical
feed pumps supplying acid or liquid hypochlorite solution and other POOL components to shield staff and
equipment from chemical sprays from leaking connections.
4.7.3.2.2A Sizing of Disinfection Equipment
4.7.3.2.2.1 Sizing Feeders shall be capable of supplying disinfectant and pH control chemicals to
the AQUATIC VENUE to maintain the DISINFECTION levels and pH at all times in accordance with the MAHC.
4.7.3.2.2.2 Chlorine Dosing All CHLORINE dosing and generating equipment including erosion
feeders, or in line electrolytic and brine/batch generators, shall be designed with a capacity to meet the
demand necessary to maintain the minimum required DPD-FC CONCENTRATIONS specified in MAHC
5.7.3.1.1.2 during all times of operation.
4.7.3.2.2.2.1 Chlorine Demand Factors Sizing of CHLORINE dosing and generating
equipment shall be based on the following CHLORINE demand factors:
1) AQUATIC VENUE surface area;
2) Aquatic venue volume;
3) AQUATIC VENUE type of use/space:
a. Flat Water,
2023 MAHC CODE 4.0 Aquatic Facility Design and Construction 69
b. Agitated Water, or
c. Hot Water;
4) Aquatic venue type, for example: pool, spa, wading pool, wave pool (wave time), waterslide, interactive
water play venue, therapy pool;
5) Indoor or outdoor including maximum hours of sunlight/UV exposure;
6) Anticipated maximum water temperature;
7) Anticipated maximum number of BATHERS per day;
8) Cyanuric acid/stabilizer used;
9) Anticipated atypical water loss; and
10) Anticipated exposure to vegetation and airborne debris.
4.7.3.2.2.3 Documentation The DESIGN PROFESSIONAL, who is registered or licensed to
practice their respective design profession as defined by the local, state, territorial, federal, and tribal laws
governing professional practice within the jurisdiction where the project is to be constructed, shall provide
adequate documentation to demonstrate the selected feeders/equipment are of sufficient size and capacity per
MAHC 4.7.3.2.2.1 and 4.7.3.2.2.2.
4.7.3.2.2.3.1 Information Included This documentation shall include:
1) an evaluation of the DISINFECTION feeder/equipment based on the DESIGN PROFESSIONAL’S related
professional experience, the DISINFECTION feeder/equipment manufacturer’s recommendations, or other
industry accepted guidelines in sizing the feeders/equipment and
2) a discussion of the analysis and use of the CHLORINE demand factors listed in MAHC 4.7.3.2.2.2.1 in
sizing the feeders/equipment.
4.7.3.2.2.4 Upon Operation If upon operation it is determined that feeders/equipment are not
capable of meeting the demand necessary to maintain minimum required DISINFECTION levels at all times,
additional capacity shall be provided.
4.7.3.2.3 Introduction of Chemicals
4.7.3.2.3.1 Separation The injection point of DISINFECTION chemicals shall be located before
any pH control chemical injection point with sufficient physical separation of the injection points to reduce
the likelihood of mixing of these chemicals in the piping during periods of interruption of RECIRCULATION
SYSTEM flow.
4.7.3.2.3.2 Backflow Means of injection shall not allow BACKFLOW into the chemical system
from the POOL system.
4.7.3.2.3.3 Coagulants shall be metered and injected through a pump system prior to the filters
per the manufacturer’s recommended rate.
4.7.3.2.4 Compressed Chlorine Gas
4.7.3.2.4.1 Prohibited for New Construction Use of compressed CHLORINE gas shall be
prohibited for new construction and after SUBSTANTIAL ALTERATION to existing AQUATIC FACILITIES.
4.7.3.2.5A Types of Feeders
4.7.3.2.5.1 Liquid Solution Feeders Liquid solution feeders shall include positive displacement
pumps such as peristaltic pumps, diaphragm pumps, and piston pumps.
4.7.3.2.5.1.1 Feed Rates Feed rates shall be locally adjusted on the pumps and also on/off
controlled using an AUTOMATED CONTROLLER.
4.7.3.2.5.1.2 Routed All chemical tubing that runs through areas where staff work shall be
2023 MAHC CODE 4.0 Aquatic Facility Design and Construction 70
routed in PVC piping to support the tubing and/or otherwise supported and protected to prevent leaks.
4.7.3.2.5.1.3 Size The double containment PVC pipe shall be of sufficient size to allow for
easy replacement of tubing.
4.7.3.2.5.1.4 Turns Any necessary turns in the piping shall be designed so as to prevent
kinking of the tubing.
4.7.3.2.5.2 Erosion Erosion feeders may be pressure, pressure differential, or spray erosion
types.
4.7.3.2.5.2.1 Dry Chemical Feeders Dry chemicals shall be granules or tablets.
4.7.3.2.5.2.2 Located Feeders shall have isolation valves on each side of the feeder to be
closed before opening the unit.
4.7.3.2.5.2.3 Source Water Erosion feeders shall use AQUATIC VENUE water post-
filtration as the source water unless approved by the feeder manufacturer.
4.7.3.2.5.3 Gas Feed Systems Carbon dioxide and ozone are the only gas feed systems
permitted in AQUATIC FACILITIES.
4.7.3.2.5.4 Ventilation Proper ventilation shall be required for all gas systems.
4.7.3.2.5.5 Alarms Where CO2 cylinders are located indoors, a monitor and alarm shall be
provided to alert PATRONS/operator of high CO2 and/or low O2 levels.
4.7.3.2.5.6 UV Systems Where used, UV systems shall be installed in the RECIRCULATION
SYSTEM after the filters.
4.7.3.2.5.6.1 Bypass A bypass pipe that is valved on both ends shall be installed to allow
maintenance on the UV unit while the POOL is in operation.
4.7.3.2.5.6.2 Interlock UV system operation shall be interlocked with the recirculation
pump so that power to the UV system is interrupted when there is no water flow to the UV unit per MAHC
4.7.3.2.1.3.
4.7.3.2.6 Salt Electrolytic Chlorine Generators, Brine Electrolytic Chlorine, or Bromine
Generators Halogen generator equipment shall be marked with an EPA establishment number.
4.7.3.2.6.1 Salt Electrolytic Chlorine Generators In-line generator(s) or brine (batch)
generator(s) shall be permitted on AQUATIC VENUES.
4.7.3.2.6.2 In-line Method In-line generators shall use POOL-grade salt dosed into the AQUATIC
VENUE to produce and introduce CHLORINE into the AQUATIC VENUE treatment loop through an electrolytic
chamber.
4.7.3.2.6.3 Batch Method Brine (Batch) generators shall produce CHLORINE through an
electrolytic cell.
4.7.3.2.6.3.1 Chlorine Production CHLORINE shall be produced from brines composed of
POOL-grade salt.
4.7.3.2.6.4 TDS Readout Electrolytic generators shall have a TDS or salt (NaCl) readout and a
low salt indicator.
4.7.3.2.6.5 Feed Rate The feed rate shall be adjustable from zero (0) to full range.
4.7.3.2.6.6 UL Standard The generator unit shall be CERTIFIED, LISTED, AND LABELED to UL
1081 (for electrical/fire/shock SAFETY) by an ANSI-accredited certification organization.
4.7.3.2.6.7 Interlock The generator(s) shall be interlocked per MAHC 4.7.3.2.1.3.
4.7.3.2.6.8 Installed The generator units shall be installed according to the manufacturer's
2023 MAHC CODE 4.0 Aquatic Facility Design and Construction 71
instructions.
4.7.3.2.6.8.1 Saline Content The saline content of the POOL water shall be maintained in
the required range specified by the manufacturer.
4.7.3.2.7A Feeders for pH Adjustment
4.7.3.2.7.1 Provided Feeders for pH adjustment shall be provided on all AQUATIC VENUES upon
adoption of this CODE as in MAHC 4.7.3.2.1.2.
4.7.3.2.7.2 Approved Substances Approved substances for pH adjustment shall include but not
be limited to muriatic (hydrochloric) acid, sodium bisulfate, carbon dioxide, sulfuric acid, sodium
bicarbonate, and soda ash.
4.7.3.2.7.3 Adjustable pH adjustment feeders shall be adjustable from zero (0) to full range.
4.7.3.2.7.4 Marked Reservoirs shall be clearly marked and labeled with contents.
4.7.3.2.8A Automated Controllers
4.7.3.2.8.1 Required AUTOMATED CONTROLLERS shall be installed for MONITORING and
turning on or off chemical feeders used for pH and disinfectants at all AQUATIC VENUES.
4.7.3.2.8.1.1 Existing Aquatic Facilities For existing AQUATIC FACILITIES, AUTOMATED
CONTROLLERS shall be required within 1 year from adoption of this CODE.
4.7.3.2.8.2 NSF Standard All automated chemical controllers for pH and disinfectant
MONITORING/control shall be CERTIFIED, LISTED, AND LABELED to NSF/ANSI 50 by an ANSI-accredited
certification organization.
4.7.3.2.8.3 Operation Manuals Operation manuals or other instructions that give clear
directions for cleaning and calibrating AUTOMATED CONTROLLER probes and sensors shall be provided in
close proximity to the AUTOMATED CONTROLLER.
4.7.3.2.8.4 Set Point A set point shall be used to target the disinfectant concentration and the
pH.
4.7.3.3 Secondary Treatment
4.7.3.3.1 General Requirements
4.7.3.3.1.1A ANSI Listing and Labeling SECONDARY TREATMENT shall be CERTIFIED, LISTED,
AND LABELED to ANSI/NSF 50 by an ANSI-accredited certification organization or approved by the AHJ
with proper engineering justification.
4.7.3.3.1.1.1 Marked SECONDARY TREATMENT equipment shall be marked with an EPA
establishment number.
4.7.3.3.1.2A Required Facilities The new construction or SUBSTANTIAL ALTERATION of the
following INCREASED RISK AQUATIC VENUES shall be required to use a SECONDARY TREATMENT after
adoption of this CODE:
1) AQUATIC VENUES designed primarily for children under 5 years old, such as
a. Wading pools
b. INTERACTIVE WATER PLAY VENUES with no standing water, and
2) Therapy pools.
4.7.3.3.1.3 Other Aquatic Venues Optional SECONDARY TREATMENT may be installed on other
AQUATIC VENUES not specified in MAHC 4.7.3.3.1.2.
4.7.3.3.1.4 Labeled If installed and labeled as SECONDARY TREATMENT, then they shall conform
2023 MAHC CODE 4.0 Aquatic Facility Design and Construction 72
to all requirements specified under MAHC 4.7.3.3.
4.7.3.3.1.5 Conform If not labeled as SECONDARY TREATMENT, then they shall be labeled as
SUPPLEMENTAL TREATMENT systems and conform to requirements listed under MAHC 4.7.3.4.
4.7.3.3.2A Log Inactivation and Oocyst Reduction
4.7.3.3.2.1A Log Inactivation SECONDARY TREATMENT shall be designed to achieve a minimum
3-log (99.9%) reduction in the number of infective Cryptosporidium OOCYSTS per pass through the
SECONDARY TREATMENT for INTERACTIVE WATER PLAY AQUATIC VENUES and a minimum 2-log (99%)
reduction per pass for all other AQUATIC VENUES. Each SECONDARY TREATMENT may be composed of
multiple treatment processes or steps that result in the total required reduction in the number of infective
Cryptosporidium OOCYSTS per pass through the SECONDARY TREATMENT.
4.7.3.3.2.2A Installation The SECONDARY TREATMENT shall be located in the treatment loop (post
filtration) and treat a portion (up to 100%) of the filtration flow prior to return of the water to the AQUATIC
VENUE or AQUATIC FEATURE, except on INTERACTIVE WATER PLAY AQUATIC VENUES. For INTERACTIVE
WATER PLAY AQUATIC VENUES, the SECONDARY TREATMENT shall be located after the feature pump to treat
100% of the water prior to reaching the BATHERS.
4.7.3.3.2.3 Manufacturer’s Instructions The SECONDARY TREATMENT shall be installed
according to the manufacturer's directions.
4.7.3.3.2.4A Minimum Flow Rate Calculation The flow rate (Q) through the SECONDARY
TREATMENT shall be determined based upon the total volume of the AQUATIC VENUE or AQUATIC FEATURE
(V) and a prescribed dilution time (T) for theoretically reducing the number of assumed infective
Cryptosporidium OOCYSTS from an initial total number of 100 million (108) OOCYSTS to a concentration of
one OOCYST/100 mL.
4.7.3.3.2.5A Equation The SECONDARY TREATMENT flow rate (Q) shall be:
1) Q = V x {[14.8 – ln (V)] / (r x 60 x T)}, where:
o Q = SECONDARY TREATMENT flow rate (GPM)
o V = Total water volume of the AQUATIC VENUE or AQUATIC FEATURE, including surge tanks,
piping, equipment, etc. (gals)
o r = Efficiency of the system (r = 0.999 for 3-log reduction, r = 0.99 for 2-log reduction)
o T = Dilution time (hrs.)
4.7.3.3.2.6 Time for Dilution Reduction The dilution time shall be the lesser of 9 hours or 75%
of the uninterrupted time an AQUATIC VENUE is closed in a 24 hour period.
4.7.3.3.2.7A Flow Rate Measurements Where a SECONDARY TREATMENT is installed, a means
shall be installed to confirm the required flow rate to maintain a minimum required log inactivation of
infective Cryptosporidium OOCYSTS at the minimum flow rate.
4.7.3.3.2.7.1 Flow Rate Defined The minimum required flow rate through the
SECONDARY TREATMENT shall be as defined in MAHC 4.7.3.3.2.5.
4.7.3.3.3A Ultraviolet Light Systems To prevent mercury exposure, UV systems shall be installed
to avoid lamp breakage according to the guidelines in EPA 815-R-06-007 Appendix E.
4.7.3.3.3.1A Third Party Validation UV equipment shall be third party validated in accordance
with the practices outlined in the EPA Ultraviolet Disinfectant Guidance Manual dated November, 2006,
publication number EPA 815-R-06-007 or, alternatively for UV equipment designed for INTERACTIVE
WATER PLAY AQUATIC VENUES, in accordance with the practices for wastewater treatment equipment
outlined in the Water Environment Federation/International Ultraviolet Association (WEF/IUVA)
WEF/IUVA publication "Ultraviolet Disinfection for Wastewater" dated April 2015, ISBN: 978-1-57278-
312-6.
2023 MAHC CODE 4.0 Aquatic Facility Design and Construction 73
4.7.3.3.3.1.1A Validation Standard The EPA Ultraviolet Disinfectant Guidance Manual
shall be considered a recognized national STANDARD in the MAHC.
4.7.3.3.3.2 Suitable for Intended Use UV systems and all materials used therein shall be
suitable for their intended use and be installed:
1) In accordance with the MAHC;
2) As CERTIFIED, LISTED, AND LABELED to a specific STANDARD by an ANSI-accredited certification
organization; and
3) As specified by the manufacturer.
4.7.3.3.3.3 Installation The UV equipment shall be installed after the filtration and before
addition of primary disinfectant except on INTERACTIVE WATER PLAY AQUATIC VENUES. For INTERACTIVE
WATER PLAY AQUATIC VENUES, the UV system shall be located after the feature pump to treat 100% of the
water prior to reaching the BATHERS. When the features are off, the UV shall continue to circulate a minimum
amount of water back through the tank, if required by the manufacturer for warm-up and cool-down purposes.
4.7.3.3.3.3.1 Labeled UV equipment shall be labeled with the following design
specifications: maximum flow rate, minimum transmissivity, minimum intensity, and minimum dosage.
4.7.3.3.3.3.2 Strainer Installation An inline strainer shall be installed after the UV unit to
capture broken lamp glass or sleeves.
4.7.3.3.3.4 Electrically Interlocked The equipment shall be electrically interlocked with feature
pump(s) or automated feature supply valves, such that when the UV equipment fails to produce the required
dosage as measured by automated sensor, the water features do not operate.
4.7.3.3.3.4.1A Alarm/Interlock Setpoint The UV alarm/interlock setpoint shall be such
that it ensures that the minimum required dose is delivered under all possible conditions of water UV
transmittance and lamp output at the actual flow rate.
4.7.3.3.3.4.2 Operation UV systems shall not operate if the RECIRCULATION SYSTEM is
not operating.
4.7.3.3.3.5 Calibrated UV Sensors The UV equipment shall be complete with calibrated UV
sensors, which record the output of all the UV lamps installed in a system.
4.7.3.3.3.5.1 Multiple Lamps Where multiple lamps are fitted, sufficient sensors shall be
provided to measure each lamp.
4.7.3.3.3.5.2 Fewer Sensors If the design utilizes fewer sensors than lamps, the location
of lamps and sensors shall be such that the output of all lamps is adequately measured.
4.7.3.3.3.6 Automated Shut Down The automated shut down of the UV equipment for any
reason shall initiate a visual alarm or other indication which will alert staff onsite or remotely.
4.7.3.3.3.6.1 Signage Signage instructing staff or PATRONS to notify facility management
shall be posted adjacent to the visual indication.
4.7.3.3.3.6.2 Not Staffed If the AQUATIC FACILITY is not staffed, the sign shall include a
means to contact management whenever the AQUATIC FACILITY is in use.
4.7.3.3.3.7 Reports and Documentation The UV equipment shall be supplied with the
appropriate validation reports and documentation for that equipment model.
4.7.3.3.3.8 Manufacturer Log Inactivation Chart This documentation will include a graph or
chart indicating the dose at which the required log inactivation is guaranteed for the system in question.
4.7.3.3.3.8.1 Reduction Equivalent Dose Bias This dose shall be inclusive of validation
factors and RED BIAS.
2023 MAHC CODE 4.0 Aquatic Facility Design and Construction 74
4.7.3.3.3.8.2 System Performance Curves System performance curves that do not
include such factors are not considered validated systems.
4.7.3.3.3.9A Minimum RED Validation records shall include the graph indicating the minimum
intensity reading required at the operational flow for the minimum RED required to achieve the required log
reduction.
4.7.3.3.3.9.1 Minimum Intensity Shown Where systems are validated to a specific dose,
the graph shall show the minimum intensity reading required at the operational flow for that dose.
4.7.3.3.3.10 Recommended Validation Protocol Based on the recommended validation protocol
presented in the EPA Disinfection Guidance Manual, UV reactors certified by ÖNORM and DVGW for a
Bacillus subtilis RED of 40mJ/cm2 shall be granted 3-log Cryptosporidium and 3-log Giardia inactivation
credit as required in this CODE provided that the AQUATIC VENUE's treated water UV TRANSMISSIVITY remains
within the validated range of the UV system.
4.7.3.3.4 Ozone Disinfection
4.7.3.3.4.1A Log Inactivation SECONDARY TREATMENT using ozone shall provide the required
inactivation of Cryptosporidium in the full flow of the SECONDARY TREATMENT after any side-stream has
remixed into the full flow of the SECONDARY TREATMENT.
4.7.3.3.4.2A Onsite Measurement Ozone systems shall be designed to measure the concentration
of ozone at a minimum of two sampling locations to determine the CT INACTIVATION VALUE achieved in the
treatment system prior to return of the water to the AQUATIC VENUE or AQUATIC FEATURE recirculation
treatment loop. A CT INACTIVATION VALUE of 4.9 ppm (mg/L)*min is required for 99% (2 -log)
Cryptosporidium reduction at a water temperature of 77°F /25° C (or 7.4 ppm [mg/L]*min is required for
99.9% [3 -log] Cryptosporidium reduction at a water temperature of 77°F/25° C).
4.7.3.3.4.3A Suitable for Use Ozone systems and all materials used therein shall be suitable for
their intended use and be installed:
1) In accordance with all applicable requirements;
2) As CERTIFIED, LISTED, AND LABELED to a specific STANDARD by an ANSI-accredited certification
organization; and
3) As specified by the manufacturer.
4.7.3.3.4.4 Ozone System Components An ozone system shall be a complete system consisting
of the following (either skid-mounted or components):
1) Ozone generator;
2) Injector / injector manifold;
3) Reaction tank (contact tank) / mixing tank / degas tower;
4) Degas valve (if applicable, to vent un-dissolved gaseous ozone);
5) Ozone destruct (to destroy un-dissolved gaseous ozone);
6) ORP monitor / controller;
7) Ambient ozone monitor / controller;
8) Air flow meter / controller; and
9) Water BACKFLOW prevention device in gas delivery system.
4.7.3.3.4.5 Appropriate Installation These components (or skid) shall be installed as specified
by the manufacturer to maintain the required system validation as noted above.
4.7.3.3.4.6 ORP Monitor The ozone generating equipment shall be designed, sized, and
2023 MAHC CODE 4.0 Aquatic Facility Design and Construction 75
controlled utilizing an ORP monitor / controller (independent of and in addition to any halogen ORP
monitor/controller).
4.7.3.3.4.6.1 Placed Downstream The device shall be placed in the AQUATIC VENUE and
AQUATIC FEATURE recirculation water downstream of the ozone side-stream loop and before the halogen feed
location.
4.7.3.3.4.6.2 Minimum ORP Reading The minimum ORP reading shall be no less than
600 mV measured directly after [one to 5 feet (30.5 cm to 1.5 m)] the ozone side-stream remixes into the full
flow of the RECIRCULATION SYSTEM.
4.7.3.3.4.6.3 Maximum ORP Reading The maximum ORP reading shall be no greater
than 900 mV.
4.7.3.3.4.7 Installation and Injection Point The ozone system injection point shall be located
in the AQUATIC VENUE return line after the filtration and heating equipment, prior to the primary disinfectant
injection point.
4.7.3.3.4.7.1 Injection and Mixing The injection and mixing system shall not prevent the
attainment of the recirculation rate required elsewhere in this CODE.
4.7.3.3.4.7.2A Gas Monitor / Controller An ambient ozone gas monitor/controller located
adjacent to the ozone reactor/contact tank shall be utilized to disable the ozone system in the event of an
ozone gas leak.
4.7.3.3.4.8 Comply with Fire Code Ozone system installations shall comply with the NFPA 1
Fire Code or the International Fire Code and any other CODES, STANDARDS, or requirements as mandated by
the AHJ.
4.7.3.3.4.9 Air Space Testing At the time the ozone generating equipment is installed, again
after 24 hours of operation, and annually thereafter, the air space within 6 inches of the AQUATIC VENUE water
shall be tested to determine compliance of less than 0.1 ppm (mg/L) gaseous ozone.
4.7.3.3.4.9.1 Results Results of the test shall be maintained onsite for review by the AHJ.
4.7.3.3.4.10 Automatic Shut Down Automatic shutdown shall occur under any condition that
would result in the ozone system not operating within the established parameters needed to achieve the
required log inactivation of Cryptosporidium (i.e., low feed gas supply, loss of vacuum or pressure, high dew
point in feed air, water in ozone gas delivery line).
4.7.3.3.4.10.1 Electrically Interlocked The equipment shall be electrically interlocked
with AQUATIC VENUE pump(s) or automated feature supply valves, such that when the ozone equipment fails
to produce the required dosage as measured by ORP, the AQUATIC VENUES do not operate.
4.7.3.3.4.11 ORP Reading Alarm or Visual Indication If the ORP reading for the ozone system
drops below 600 mV (regardless of the cause) a visual alarm or other indication shall be initiated that will
alert staff onsite or remotely.
4.7.3.3.4.11.1 Signage Signage to notify facility management shall be present adjacent to
the visual alarm.
4.7.3.3.4.12 Regular Audits In order to ensure that the supplied ozone system meets all the
requirements of the STANDARD, the manufacturer shall maintain a quality system audited on a regular basis to
a recognized quality STANDARD.
4.7.3.3.4.12.1 Listed Ozone equipment shall be listed to NSF/ANSI 50.
4.7.3.3.4.13 Reports and Documentation The ozone system shall be supplied with the
appropriate validation reports and documentation for that equipment model.
4.7.3.3.4.13.1 Log Inactivation Chart Ozone validation reports shall include a graph,
chart, or other documentation which clearly indicates the required operating parameters for which the required
2023 MAHC CODE 4.0 Aquatic Facility Design and Construction 76
log inactivation is guaranteed for the system in question.
4.7.3.3.4.13.2 Inclusive This dose shall be inclusive of validation factors.
4.7.3.3.4.13.3 System Performance Curves System performance curves that do not
include such factors are not considered validated systems.
4.7.3.3.5 Filtration Removal of Cryptosporidium oocysts Filtration systems to be used in
SECONDARY TREATMENT for Cryptosporidium reduction in INCREASED RISK AQUATIC VENUES shall be
certified by at least one of the following methods:
1) NSF Certified to confirm that they provide the specified log reduction of Cryptosporidium OOCYSTS or a
conservative surrogate using realistic AQUATIC VENUE water quality values and operating conditions.
2) ANSI-accredited third-party testing and certification organization confirmation that they provide the
specified log reduction of Cryptosporidium OOCYSTS or a conservative surrogate using realistic AQUATIC
VENUE water quality values and operating conditions.
4.7.3.4.2.3 Water Features Water features shall not require shut off if the supplemental UV
system does not produce the required dosage.
4.7.3.4.2.4 Exempt The equipment is exempt from the validation requirements of MAHC
4.7.3.3.3.1.
4.7.3.4.3A Ozone
4.7.3.4.3.1 Ozone as Supplemental Treatment Requirement When ozone is used as a
SUPPLEMENTAL TREATMENT system, all requirements of MAHC 4.7.3.3.4.3 thru 4.7.3.3.4.9 shall be met.
4.7.3.4.3.2 Maximum ORP Reading The maximum ORP reading shall be no greater than 900
mV.
2023 MAHC CODE 4.0 Aquatic Facility Design and Construction 77
4.7.3.4.4A Copper / Silver Ion Systems
4.7.3.4.4.1 Only EPA–REGISTERED Disinfectants Only those systems that are EPA
REGISTERED for use as disinfectants in AQUATIC VENUES or SPAS in the United States shall be permitted.
4.7.3.4.4.2 Suitable Copper/silver systems, and all materials used therein, shall be suitable for
their intended use.
4.7.3.4.4.3 Installed Copper/silver systems, and all materials used therein, shall be installed in
accordance with all applicable requirements and manufacturer’s instructions.
4.7.3.4.5A Ultraviolet Light / Hydrogen Peroxide Systems UV light / hydrogen peroxide
combination systems shall be prohibited for use in aquatic facilities.
4.7.3.5A Water Quality Testing Devices and Kits
4.7.3.5.1 Compliance WQTDS and kits shall be CERTIFIED, LISTED, AND LABELED to NSF/ANSI
50 by an ANSI-accredited certification organization.
4.7.3.5.2 Water Clarity Device Refer to MAHC 5.7.6 for guidance on water clarity devices.
4.7.3.6A Microbiological Testing Equipment
4.7.3.6.1 EPA Approved Microbiological testing equipment and methods shall be:
1) EPA Approved, EPA Accepted, EPA Equivalent;
2) Conforming to the latest edition of Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater; or
3) CERTIFIED, LISTED, AND LABELED to NSF/ANSI 50 by an ANSI-accredited certification organization.
4.7.4A Water Replenishment System
4.7.4.1A Discharge and Measure A WATER REPLENISHMENT SYSTEM consisting of a means to
intentionally discharge and measure or calculate the volume of both discharged AQUATIC VENUE water and
filter backwash wastewater (or alternate means of achieving the same result) shall be provided.
4.7.4.1.1A Alternate System An alternate system capable of removing an equivalent amount of
turbidity, total dissolved organic carbon (TOC), and total nitrogen (TN) containing compounds shall also be
acceptable in lieu of discharging AQUATIC VENUE water.
4.7.4.1.1.1 Product Water When an alternate system is used, the return water from the alternate
system shall maintain turbidity, total organic carbon, and total nitrogen concentrations that are less than or
equal to the AQUATIC VENUE water supply.
4.7.4.1.2 Discharge The WATER REPLENISHMENT SYSTEM shall be designed to discharge (or treat
and reuse via a separate treatment system capable of removing compounds specified in MAHC 4.7.4.1.1)
AQUATIC VENUE water at a rate of at least 4 gallons (15 L) per BATHER per day per AQUATIC VENUE.
4.7.5 Spas
4.7.5.1A General
4.7.5.1.1 Requirements SPAS shall conform to the design, operation, and maintenance
requirement of AQUATIC VENUES except as required below.
4.7.5.2 Flow Rates/Turnover Times
4.7.5.2.1 Maximum Allowable All SPAS shall be designed to have a maximum allowable
TURNOVER TIME of 0.5 hour or less.
4.7.5.2.2 Turnover Times TURNOVER TIMES shall be calculated based solely on the flow rate
through the filtration system.
2023 MAHC CODE 4.0 Aquatic Facility Design and Construction 78
4.7.5.3 Filtration System Inlets SPAS shall have a minimum of two adjustable filter system INLETS
located below the surface of the UNDERWATER BENCH and spaced at least 3 feet (0.9 m) apart and designed to
distribute flow evenly.
4.7.5.4 Hydrotherapy Jet System Inlets
4.7.5.4.1 Air Flow Air flow shall be permitted through the hydrotherapy jet system and/or when
injected post-filtration.
4.7.5.4.2 Skimmer Submerged suction SKIMMERS shall be allowed provided that the
manufacturer’s recommendations for use are followed.
4.7.5.4.3 Independent The hydrotherapy jet system shall be independent of the recirculation,
filtration, and heating systems.
4.8.1.2.3 Watertight Expansion All conditions between adjacent concrete PERIMETER DECK
pours shall be constructed with watertight EXPANSION JOINTS.
4.8.1.2.3.1 Joint Measurements Joints shall be at least 3/16 inches (5 mm) in continuous width.
4.8.1.2.3.2 Vertical Differential The maximum allowable vertical differential across a joint
shall be ¼ inches (6.5 mm).
4.8.1.3 Drains Refer to MAHC 4.11.4 for additional guidance on drains.
4.8.1.3.1A Slope DECKS shall be sloped away from the AQUATIC VENUE and in accordance with
MAHC Table 4.8.1.3 below.
Table 4.8.1.3 Minimum Slopes for Drainage
Surface Minimum Slope
Smooth finishes; such as tile, hand-finished concrete & lightly- 1/8 inch per foot
broomed concrete (3.2 mm/30.5 cm)
Moderately textured finishes; such as exposed aggregate or 1/4 inch per foot
medium-broomed concrete (6.4 mm/30.5 cm)
3/8 inch per foot
Heavily textured finishes; such as brick (where permitted)
(9.5 mm/30.5 cm)
4.8.1.3.1.1 Accessible Routes Where DECK areas or portions thereof serve as ACCESSIBLE
ROUTES, slopes in any direction shall not exceed ADA requirements.
4.8.1.3.1.2 All Water All water that touches areas defined as DECK, including water originating
in the AQUATIC VENUE, shall drain effectively to either perimeter areas or to DECK drains.
4.8.1.3.1.3 Remove Wastewater Drainage shall remove AQUATIC VENUE water that splashes
outside of the AQUATIC VENUE and beyond a POOL gutter system, DECK cleaning water, and rain water
without leaving standing water.
4.8.1.3.2 Placement The placement of DECK drains, where provided, shall effectively carry water
away from the AQUATIC VENUE and off the DECK without ponding.
4.8.1.3.3A Cross-Connection Control There shall be no direct connection between the DECK
drains and the sanitary or storm sewer system.
2023 MAHC CODE 4.0 Aquatic Facility Design and Construction 80
4.8.1.3.3.1 Discharge to Sewer or Other Ground Water If the AHJ requires an outdoor POOL
to have DECK drains that discharge to a storm sewer system, ground surface, or holding pond, the POOL shall
be plumbed through an air-gap, BACKFLOW preventer, or other approved device as allowed by the AHJ.
4.8.1.3.3.2A No Drain DECK drains shall not drain to the POOL, POOL gutter, or RECIRCULATION
SYSTEMS.
4.8.1.4.4A Wood Wood shall be a prohibited material for use as PERIMETER DECK.
4.8.1.4.5A Dry Deck DRY DECK shall be easily maintained and not create a public health hazard.
4.8.1.4.5.1 Not Required DRY DECK shall not be required to be hard-paved or impervious.
4.8.1.4.5.2 Wood Decking Wood DECKING may be permitted for DRY DECK.
4.8.1.4.6A Landscaping Loose plant material or bedding shall not be permitted within PERIMETER
DECKS.
4.8.1.5.1.1.2 Flush with Pool Wall PERIMETER DECK areas shall be flush with POOL
walls/copings except where special conditions exist, such as elevated beam or parapet, raised transfer walls,
or as permitted by other sections of this CODE.
4.8.1.5.1.2A Perimeter Decking PERIMETER DECKS shall be provided around 100% of the
AQUATIC VENUE perimeter except where special conditions exist as permitted by other sections of this CODE.
4.8.1.5.1.3A Unguarded Aquatic Venues For unguarded POOLS, PERIMETER DECKS shall be
provided in compliance with at least one of two options:
1) Provide PERIMETER DECK around 100% of the of the POOL perimeter or
2) Provide PERIMETER DECK such that the entire perimeter and depth of the POOL is readily reachable by a
pole and hook from the PERIMETER DECK.
4.8.1.5.1.4 Spectator Seating Refer to MAHC 4.6.10 for more information on spectator areas.
2023 MAHC CODE 4.0 Aquatic Facility Design and Construction 81
4.8.1.5.2 Fixed Equipment
4.8.1.5.2.1 Unobstructed Deck Unobstructed DECK area 4 feet (1.2 m) minimum in width shall
be provided for access around:
1) Diving equipment,
2) Special feature stairways (such as a WATERSLIDE),
3) Lifeguard stands,
4) Diving boards,
5) Similar DECK equipment,
6) ADA access equipment, and
7) Structural columns.
4.8.1.5.2.2 Circulation Path This unobstructed area may overlap the CIRCULATION PATH.
4.8.1.5.2.3 Queuing Space Where reasonably anticipated, queuing space shall be provided at
applicable equipment to minimize encroachment into the CIRCULATION PATH.
4.8.1.5.2.4 Free Space Free area around equipment may consist of PERIMETER DECK and/or
POOL DECK, as applicable.
4.8.1.5.3 Circulation Path
4.8.1.5.3.1 Conformance A continuous and unobstructed CIRCULATION PATH shall be provided
in conformance with ADA requirements for an ACCESSIBLE ROUTE.
4.8.1.5.3.2 Equipment and Furniture DECK furniture locations shall be designed not to intrude
upon any CIRCULATION PATH.
4.8.1.5.3.3 Connect CIRCULATION PATHS shall connect all site amenities, entrances, and exits as
required by ADA.
4.8.1.5.3.4 Deck Types CIRCULATION PATHS may consist of any combination of permitted DECK
types.
4.8.1.6 Wing Walls or Peninsulas
4.8.1.6.1A No Perimeter Deck WING WALLS or PENINSULAS less than 18 inches (45.7 cm) in width
shall not be considered a part of the PERIMETER DECK.
4.8.1.6.1.1 Use by Lifeguards A WING WALL or PENINSULA greater than 18 inches (45.7 cm)
wide but less than 48 inches (1.2 m) wide may be used by QUALIFIED LIFEGUARD personnel but shall not be
considered as part of the PERIMETER DECK.
4.8.1.6.1.2 Slip Resistant Any WING WALL or PENINSULA shall be constructed of SLIP-
RESISTANT materials.
4.8.1.6.2A Perimeter Overflow System If it is impractical to design a perimeter overflow system
into the WING WALL or PENINSULA due to width or height, then the overflow system may bypass the WING
WALL or PENINSULA.
4.8.1.6.3A Pool Perimeter WING WALLS and PENINSULAS shall be considered part of the POOL.
4.8.1.6.3.1 Calculating WING WALLS and PENINSULAS shall not be accounted for in calculating
the POOL perimeter.
4.8.1.6.4 Normal Operating Water Level WING WALLS and PENINSULAS shall be at or above
the normal operating water level of the POOL.
2023 MAHC CODE 4.0 Aquatic Facility Design and Construction 82
4.8.1.6.5A Deck Drainage DECK drainage shall not be required for WING WALLS or PENINSULAS as
they are considered part of the POOL.
4.8.1.6.5.1 Crowned The tops shall be crowned to prevent standing water and sloped to the
POOL or overflow system.
4.8.1.6.6 Vertical Depth Markers Vertical depth markers shall be provided around WING WALLS
and PENINSULAS in accordance with MAHC 4.5.19.
4.8.1.7A Islands
4.8.1.7.1 Minimum Width An ISLAND not more than 18 inches (45.7 cm) in width shall be
designed to discourage a person from walking on the ISLAND by not providing stairs, ladders, or bridges to the
ISLAND.
4.8.1.8.2 Clearly Delineated Heated DECK paths shall be clearly delineated with respect to un-
heated DECKS.
4.8.1.9 Hose Bibbs
4.8.1.9.1 General Domestic water hose bibbs shall be provided in sufficient quantity, spacing, and
type to wash down PERIMETER DECK and POOL DECK areas using a hose of no longer than 100 feet (30.5 m).
4.8.1.9.2 Backflow Prevention All hose bibbs shall be equipped with BACKFLOW prevention
devices.
4.8.2 Diving Boards and Platforms
4.8.2.1A Diving Envelope
4.8.2.1.1A Competitive Diving Diving boards shall be permitted only when the diving envelope
conforms to the most current version of STANDARDS referenced in MAHC Chapter 3 for the certifying agency
2023 MAHC CODE 4.0 Aquatic Facility Design and Construction 83
that regulates competitive diving at the AQUATIC FACILITY. Such certifying agencies include:
1) NCAA,
2) NFHS,
3) FINA, or
4) U.S.A. Diving, Inc.
4.8.2.1.2A Non-Competitive Diving If the AQUATIC VENUE does not have competitive diving, then
the diving envelope shall conform to the diving envelope STANDARDS of:
1) MAHC Table 4.8.2.2,
2) MAHC Table 4.8.2.3,
3) MAHC Figure 4.8.2.2.1, and
4) MAHC Figure 4.8.2.2.2.
4.8.2.2A Steps and Guardrails
4.8.2.2.1 Higher than Twenty-One Inches Diving stands higher than 21 inches (53.3 cm)
measured from the DECK to the top of the butt end of the board or platform shall have steps or a ladder and
handrails.
4.8.2.2.2 Self-Draining Treads Steps or ladder treads shall be self-draining, corrosion resistant,
SLIP RESISTANT, and designed to support the maximum expected load.
4.8.2.2.3 Short Platforms Diving stands or platforms that are 1 meter (3.4 ft) or higher shall be
protected with guard rails at least 30 inches (76.2 cm) above the board, extending at least to the edge of the
water along with intermediate rails.
4.8.2.2.4A Tall Platforms Diving stands or platforms that are 2 meters (6.6 ft) or higher shall have
guard rails with the top rail at least 36 inches (0.9 m) above the board and a second rail approximately half the
distance from the platform to the upper rail.
Table 4.8.2.2: Diving Board Height and Dimensions
Diving Board 1.64 ft. 2.46 ft. 3.28 ft. 3.84 ft.
Height (0.5 m) (0.75 m) (1.0 m) (3.0 m)
Diving Board 10.0 ft. 12.0 ft. 16.0 ft. 16.0 ft.
Length (3.05 m) (3.66 m) (4.88 m) (4.88 m)
Diving Board 20.0 in. 20.0 in. 20.0 in. 20.0 in.
Width (50.8 cm) (50.8 cm) (50.8 cm) (50.8 cm)
2023 MAHC CODE 4.0 Aquatic Facility Design and Construction 84
Table 4.8.2.3: Minimum Dimensions of Components Related to Diving Wells By Diving Board Height
Note: Letters below refer to MAHC Figures 4.8.2.2.1 & 4.8.2.2.2
Minimum Dimensions
Diving Board Height 0.5 Meter 0.75 Meter 1.0 Meter 3.0 Meter
Distance from plummet back to 3.0 ft. 4.5 ft. 6.0 ft. 6.0 ft.
A
pool wall (0.91 m) (1.37 m) (1.83 m) (1.83 m)
Distance from plummet to pool 10.0 ft. 10.0 ft. 10.0 ft. 11.5 ft.
B
wall at side (3.05 m) (3.05 m) (3.05 m) (3.51 m)
Distance from plummet to 8.83 ft. 8.83 ft. 8.83 ft. 8.54 ft.
C
adjacent plummet (2.69 m) (2.69 m) (2.69 m) (2.60 m)
Distance from plummet to pool 26.0 ft. 27.83 ft. 29.58 ft. 33.67 ft.
D
wall ahead (7.92 m) (8.48 m) (9.02 m) (10.26 m)
Height, diving board to ceiling 16.0 ft. 16.0 ft. 16.0 ft. 16.0 ft.
E
at plummet & distances F and G (4.88 m) (4.88 m) (4.88 m) (4.88 m)
Clear overhead distance behind 8.0 ft. 8.0 ft. 8.0 ft. 8.0 ft.
F
and each side of plummet (2.34 m) (2.34 m) (2.34 m) (2.34 m)
Clear overhead distance ahead 16.0 ft. 16.0 ft. 16.0 ft. 16.0 ft.
G
of plummet (4.88 m) (4.88 m) (4.88 m) (4.88 m)
9.5 ft. 10.75 ft. 12.0 ft. 12.5 ft.
H Depth of water at plummet
(2.90 m) (3.28 m) (3.66 m) (3.81 m)
Distance ahead of plummet to 12.0 ft. 14.25 ft. 16.5 ft. 19.75 ft.
J
depth K (3.66 m) (4.34 m) (5.03 m) (6.02 m)
Depth at distance J ahead of 8.75 ft. 10.0 ft. 11.28 ft. 12.17 ft.
K
plummet (2.67 m) (3.05 m) (3.44 m) (3.71 m)
Distance at each side of 8.0 ft. 8.13 ft. 8.25 ft. 9.92 ft.
L
plummet to depth M (2.34 m) (2.48 m) (2.51 m) (3.02 m)
Depth at distance L on each side 9.08 ft. 10.33 ft. 11.63 ft. 12.17 ft.
M
of plummet (2.77 m) (3.15 m) (3.54 m) (3.71 m)
Maximum slope to reduce
N 30° 30° 30° 30°
height E
Maximum floor slope to reduce
depth ahead of K, to the sides of
P 3:1 3:1 3:1 3:1
M, or back to pool wall behind
H
2023 MAHC CODE 4.0 Aquatic Facility Design and Construction 85
Figure 4.8.2.2.1: Diving Platform Longitudinal Section: Side View
4.8.6.2.3 Windows Windows on a building that forms part of an ENCLOSURE around an AQUATIC
VENUE shall have a maximum opening width not to exceed 4 inches (10.2 cm).
4.8.6.2.3.1 Opened If designed to be opened, windows shall also be provided with a non-
removable screen.
4.8.6.2.4A Height AQUATIC FACILITY ENCLOSURES shall be no less than 6 feet (1.83 m) in height..
4.8.6.2.4.1 Change in Grade Where a change in grade occurs at an ENCLOSURE, height shall be
measured from the uppermost grade to the top of the ENCLOSURE.
4.8.6.2.4.2 Fencing Requirements Height shall be measured from the finished grade to the top
of the ENCLOSURE on the side outside of the ENCLOSURE surrounding an AQUATIC VENUE.
4.8.6.2.4.3A Other Barriers Not Serving as Part of an Enclosure Except where otherwise
noted, all other BARRIERS not serving as part of an AQUATIC FACILITY ENCLOSURE shall not be less than 42
inches (1.1 m) in height.
4.8.6.2.5 Clearance Above Grade The maximum vertical clearance at the bottom of the
AQUATIC VENUE OR AQUATIC FACILITY ENCLOSURE when measured on the side of the ENCLOSURE facing
away from the enclosed space, shall not exceed:
1) 2 inches (5.1 cm) above grade when the ENCLOSURE rests on a non-solid surface, including grass or
gravel or
2) 4 inches (10.2 cm) above grade when the ENCLOSURE rests on a solid surface.
4.8.6.3A Gates and Doors
4.8.6.3.1 Self-Closing and Latching All primary public access gates or doors serving as part of
an AQUATIC FACILITY ENCLOSURE or required AQUATIC VENUE ENCLOSURE shall be self-closing and self-
latching from any open position.
4.8.6.3.1.1A Self-latching Device Height Operable parts of the release latch on self-latching
devices shall be located 4.5 feet (1.4 m) above finished grade.
4.8.6.3.1.2 Operable by Children Self-latching devices shall not be operable by small children
on the outside of the ENCLOSURE around the AQUATIC VENUE.
2023 MAHC CODE 4.0 Aquatic Facility Design and Construction 88
4.8.6.3.1.3 Locked All gates or doors shall be capable of being locked from the exterior.
4.8.6.3.1.4 Emergency Egress Gates or doors shall be designed in such a way that they do not
prevent egress in the event of an emergency.
4.8.6.3.1.5 Unauthorized Entry EXIT GATES or doors shall be constructed so as to prevent
unauthorized entry from outside of the ENCLOSURE around the AQUATIC VENUE.
4.8.6.3.1.6A Exceptions
4.8.6.3.1.6.1 Exception 1: Staffed Entry When the gate or door of an AQUATIC FACILITY
or AQUATIC VENUE ENCLOSURE is part of a staffed entrance and is locked at all times the AQUATIC FACILITY
or AQUATIC VENUE is not open to the public.
4.8.6.3.1.6.2 Exception 2: Lifeguard(s) Provided When the gate or door serves as part of
an AQUATIC FACILITY or AQUATIC VENUE ENCLOSURE and the AQUATIC VENUE(S) therein has a QUALIFIED
LIFEGUARD(S) conducting PATRON surveillance at all times the AQUATIC VENUE(S) is open and the gate or
door is locked at all times the AQUATIC FACILITY or AQUATIC VENUE is not open to the public.
4.8.6.3.2 Gates Gates shall be at least equal in height at top and bottom to the ENCLOSURE of
which they are a component.
4.8.6.3.3 Turnstiles Turnstiles shall not form a part of an AQUATIC FACILITY ENCLOSURE.
4.8.6.3.4 Exit Gates EXIT GATES shall be conspicuously marked on the inside of the AQUATIC
VENUE or AQUATIC FACILITY.
4.8.6.3.4.1 Quantity, Location, and Width Quantity, location, and width(s) for EXIT GATES
shall be provided consistent with all applicable local, state, territorial, federal, and tribal building and fire
CODES and applicable accessibility guidelines.
4.8.6.3.5 Swing Outward EXIT GATES shall swing away from the AQUATIC VENUE ENCLOSURE
except where emergency egress CODES require them to swing into the AQUATIC VENUE ENCLOSURE.
4.8.6.3.6 Absence of Building Codes Where local, state, territorial, federal, and tribal building
CODES do not otherwise govern, at least one 36-inch (91.4 cm) wide EXIT GATE shall be required for
emergency access to each logical AQUATIC VENUE area including individual POOLS or grade levels or both.
4.8.6.4 Indoor Aquatic Venues
4.8.6.4.1 Enclosure Building walls enclosing an INDOOR AQUATIC FACILITY may be designated
as the AQUATIC FACILITY ENCLOSURE.
4.8.6.4.2 Securable Indoor AQUATIC VENUES shall be securable from unauthorized entry from
other building areas or the exterior.
4.8.6.4.3A Indoor and Outdoor Aquatic Venues Where separate indoor and outdoor AQUATIC
VENUES are located on the same site, an AQUATIC VENUE ENCLOSURE shall be provided between them.
4.8.6.4.3.1 Year-Round Operation Exception: Where all AQUATIC VENUES are operated
continuously 12 months a year on the same schedule.
4.8.6.4.4A Wall Separating For a passage through a wall separating the indoor portion of an
AQUATIC VENUE from an outdoor portion of the same AQUATIC VENUE, the overhead clearance of the passage
to the AQUATIC VENUE floor shall be at least 6 feet 8 inches (2.0 m) to any solid structure overhead.
4.8.6.5A Multiple Aquatic Venues
4.8.6.5.1 One Enclosure Except as otherwise required in this CODE, one ENCLOSURE may
surround multiple AQUATIC VENUES at one facility.
4.8.6.5.2 Wading Pools WADING POOLS shall not require separation from other WADING POOLS
2023 MAHC CODE 4.0 Aquatic Facility Design and Construction 89
by a BARRIER. Refer to MAHC 4.12.9 for additional guidance about WADING POOLS.
4.8.7A Aquatic Venue Cleaning Systems
4.8.7.1A No Hazard The cleaning system provided shall not create an entanglement or suction
entrapment hazard or interfere with the operation or use of the AQUATIC VENUE.
4.8.7.2 Common Cleaning Equipment If there are multiple AQUATIC VENUES at one AQUATIC
FACILITY, the AQUATIC FACILITY may use common cleaning equipment.
4.8.7.3 Integral Vacuum Systems Use of integral vacuum systems, meaning a vacuum system that
uses the main circulating pump or a dedicated vacuum pump connect to the POOL with PVC piping and
terminating at the POOL with a flush-mounted vacuum port fitting, shall be prohibited.
4.8.7.4 GFCI Power Where used, PORTABLE VACUUM cleaning equipment shall be powered by
circuits having GROUND-FAULT CIRCUIT INTERRUPTERS.
4.8.7.5 Low Voltage Any ROBOTIC CLEANERS shall utilize low voltage for all components that are
immersed in the POOL water.
4.8.7.6A GFCI Connection Any ROBOTIC CLEANER power supply shall be connected to a circuit
equipped with a ground fault interrupter, and shall not be operated using an extension cord.
4.9.1.7.2.4.2 HVAC Equipment Exception: HVAC equipment which is rated for INDOOR
AQUATIC FACILITY atmosphere and which serves only that INDOOR AQUATIC FACILITY shall be acceptable.
4.9.1.7.2.5A Openings / Gaps Where building construction leaves any openings or gaps between
floors and walls, or between walls and other walls, or between walls and ceilings, such gaps shall be
permanently sealed against air leakage.
4.9.1.7.3 Indoor Aquatic Facility Access
4.9.1.7.3.1A Floor Slope Where a door or doors must be installed in a wall between an
EQUIPMENT ROOM and an INDOOR AQUATIC FACILITY, the floor of the EQUIPMENT ROOM shall slope per all
applicable local, state, territorial, federal, and tribal building requirements back into the EQUIPMENT ROOM in
such a way as to prevent any EQUIPMENT ROOM spills from running under the door into the INDOOR AQUATIC
FACILITY.
4.9.1.7.3.1.1 Four Inches Exception: This requirement may be met by a floor all of which
is at least 4 inches (10.2 cm) below the level of the nearest part of the INDOOR AQUATIC FACILITY floor.
4.9.1.7.3.1.2 Dike Exception: This requirement may be met by a continuous dike not less
than 4 inches (10.2 cm) high located entirely within the EQUIPMENT ROOM, which will prevent spills from
reaching the INDOOR AQUATIC FACILITY floor.
4.9.1.7.3.1.3 Floor Drains EQUIPMENT ROOM floor drains may be required by the AHJ.
4.9.1.7.3.2A Automatic Closer Such door or doors between an EQUIPMENT ROOM and an INDOOR
AQUATIC FACILITY shall be equipped with an automatic closer.
4.9.1.7.3.2.1 Maintained to Close Reliably The door, frame, and automatic closer shall
be installed and maintained so as to ensure that the door closes completely and latches without human
assistance.
4.9.1.7.3.3A Automatic Lock Such door or doors between an EQUIPMENT ROOM and an INDOOR
AQUATIC FACILITY shall be equipped with an automatic lock.
2023 MAHC CODE 4.0 Aquatic Facility Design and Construction 92
4.9.1.7.3.3.1A Restrict Access Such lock shall require a key or combination to open from
the INDOOR AQUATIC FACILITY side.
4.9.1.7.3.3.2 One Hand Such lock shall be so designed and installed as to be opened by
one hand from the inside of the room under all circumstances, without the use of a key or tool.
4.9.1.7.3.4 Warning Sign Such doors shall be equipped with permanent signage warning against
unauthorized entry.
4.9.1.7.3.5 Gasket All sides of such doors shall be equipped with a gasket.
4.9.1.7.3.5.1 Prevent Air Passage The gasket shall be so installed as to prevent the
passage of air, fumes, or vapors when the door is closed.
4.9.1.7.3.6 Not Relief This section shall not be construed as granting relief from MAHC
4.9.1.7.2.1.
4.9.1.8 Other Equipment Room Guidance
4.9.1.8.1A Access Space Where ventilation, air filtration, or space dehumidification, heating, or
cooling for an INDOOR AQUATIC FACILITY is by mechanical equipment located in an EQUIPMENT ROOM,
adequate access space shall be provided to allow for inspection and service.
4.9.1.8.1.1A Size Requirements The access spaces shall be the greater of:
1) Those required by OSHA, NEC, National Fuel Gas Code, or other official requirements or
2) The equipment manufacturers’ recommendations.
4.9.1.8.2A Adequate Space Where ventilation, air filtration, or space heating or cooling for an
INDOOR AQUATIC FACILITY is beside mechanical equipment located in an EQUIPMENT ROOM, adequate space
for required straight lengths of duct shall be provided as the greater of those described in AMCA 201,
SMACNA Duct Manual, ACCA Manual SPS Sec. 13, or the equipment manufacturer’s recommendations.
4.9.1.8.3A Minimize Hazards Where an EQUIPMENT ROOM contains equipment requiring regular
service or maintenance, the room shall be so designed and constructed as to minimize the hazards of such
maintenance and service.
4.9.1.8.3.1 Ladder Installed Where a ladder will be required for service or maintenance of
equipment, other permanently installed equipment shall not be so located as to interfere with the use of the
ladder.
4.9.1.8.3.2 Alternative Access Where a ladder cannot be safely or practically used to service
equipment where any serviceable component is more than 6.5 feet (2.0 m) above the floor, a mezzanine floor,
platform, or other arrangement for safe access shall be provided.
4.9.1.8.3.2.1 Exception Exception: Where otherwise specifically allowed by OSHA.
4.9.1.8.3.2.2 Stricter Requirements Exception: Where OSHA or other applicable CODES
or STANDARDs have stricter requirements, those stricter requirements shall prevail.
4.9.1.8.4A Refrigeration Equipment Where refrigeration equipment such as an air-conditioner or
dehumidifier is located indoors in a building intended for occupation, arrangements for refrigerant relief (if
any) shall be according to the applicable mechanical CODE or other applicable CODE.
4.9.2A Chemical Storage Spaces Nothing in this section shall be construed as providing relief from
applicable requirements of fire CODES, mechanical CODES, electrical CODES, etc.
4.9.2.1 Outdoor / Indoor Storage
4.9.2.1.1 Stored Outdoors If POOL chemicals, acids, salt, oxidizing cleaning materials, or other
corrosive or oxidizing chemicals are STORED outdoors, they shall be stored in a well-ventilated protective area
with an installed ENCLOSURE to prevent unauthorized access as per MAHC 4.9.2.3.
2023 MAHC CODE 4.0 Aquatic Facility Design and Construction 93
4.9.2.1.2 Minimize Vapors Where such materials must be stored in a building intended for
occupancy, the transfer of chemical fumes and vapors from the CHEMICAL STORAGE SPACE to other parts of
the building shall be minimized.
4.9.2.1.3A Dedicated Space At least one space dedicated to CHEMICAL STORAGE SPACE shall be
provided to allow safe STORAGE of the chemicals present.
4.9.2.1.4A Eyewash In all CHEMICAL STORAGE SPACES in which POOL chemicals will be STORED,
an emergency eyewash station shall be provided.
4.9.2.2A Construction
4.9.2.2.1 Foreseeable Hazards The construction of the CHEMICAL STORAGE SPACE shall take
into account the foreseeable hazards.
4.9.2.2.2 Protected The construction of the CHEMICAL STORAGE SPACE shall, to the extent
practical, protect the STORED materials against tampering, incompatible chemicals and materials, high
humidity, unintended exposure to water, direct sunlight, sources of ignition, and temperature extremes (i.e.
32°F [0°C] and below and/or over 95°F [35°C]).
4.9.2.2.3A Floor The floor or DECK of the CHEMICAL STORAGE SPACE shall be protected against
substantial chemical damage.
4.9.2.2.4 Minimize Fumes The construction and operation of a CHEMICAL STORAGE SPACE shall
minimize the transfer of chemical fumes into any INTERIOR SPACE of a building intended for occupation.
4.9.2.2.5 Surfaces Any walls, floors, doors, ceilings, and other building surfaces of an interior
CHEMICAL STORAGE SPACE shall join each other tightly.
4.9.2.2.6A No Openings There shall be no permanent or semi-permanent opening between a
CHEMICAL STORAGE SPACE and any other INTERIOR SPACE of a building intended for occupation unless
compliant with MAHC 4.9.2.4.3, 4.9.2.4.4, and 4.9.2.4.5.
4.9.2.3A Exterior Chemical Storage Spaces
4.9.2.3.1 Outdoor Equipment Equipment listed for outdoor use may be located in an exterior
CHEMICAL STORAGE SPACES as permitted.
4.9.2.3.2A Enclosure Exterior CHEMICAL STORAGE SPACES not joined to a wall of a building shall
have a complete ENCLOSURE consisting of fencing or other similar constructed feature that is at least 6 feet
(1.8 m) high and meets the non-climbability requirements of MAHC 4.8.6.2.1.
4.9.2.3.3 Gate Fencing shall be equipped with a self-closing and self-latching gate having a
permanent locking device.
4.9.2.4A Chemical Storage Space Doors
A
4.9.2.4.1 Signage All doors opening into CHEMICAL STORAGE SPACES shall be equipped with
permanent signage:
1) Warning against unauthorized entry,
2) Specifying the expected hazards,
3) Specifying the location of the associated SDS forms, and
4) Product chemical hazard NFPA chart.
4.9.2.4.2A Emergency Egress Where a single door is the only means of egress from a CHEMICAL
STORAGE SPACE, the door shall be equipped with an emergency-egress device.
4.9.2.4.3A Interior Door Where a CHEMICAL STORAGE SPACE door must open to an INTERIOR
SPACE, spill containment shall be provided to prevent spilled chemicals from leaving the CHEMICAL STORAGE
2023 MAHC CODE 4.0 Aquatic Facility Design and Construction 94
SPACE.
4.9.2.4.4A Equipment Space Where a CHEMICAL STORAGE SPACE door must open to an INTERIOR
SPACE, the door shall not open to a space containing combustion equipment, air-handling equipment, or
electrical equipment.
4.9.2.4.4.1A Corrosive Such door shall be acceptable where all equipment thus exposed is listed
for the corrosive atmosphere.
4.9.2.4.5 Interior Opening Where a CHEMICAL STORAGE SPACE door must open to an INTERIOR
SPACE, such door shall have all of the following requirements outlined from MAHC 4.9.2.4.5.1 to
4.9.2.4.5.7.2.
4.9.2.4.5.1 Corrosion Resistant Such doors shall be constructed of corrosion-resistant
materials.
4.9.2.4.5.2A Automatic Lock Such doors shall be equipped with a corrosion-resistant, automatic
lock to prevent unauthorized entry.
4.9.2.4.5.2.1 Key or Combination Such lock shall require a key or combination to open
from the outside into the CHEMICAL STORAGE SPACE.
4.9.2.4.5.2.2 Opened Such lock shall be so designed and installed as to be capable of
being opened by one hand from the inside of the CHEMICAL STORAGE SPACE without the use of a key or tool.
4.9.2.4.5.3 Supported Such doors shall be supported on corrosion-resistant hinges, tracks, or
other supports.
4.9.2.4.5.4 Air Leakage Such doors shall be equipped with suitable gaskets or seals on the top
and all sides to minimize air leakage between the door and the door frame.
4.9.2.4.5.5 Floor Such doors shall be equipped with a floor or threshold seal to minimize air
leakage between the door and the floor or threshold.
4.9.2.4.5.6 Automatic Closer Such doors shall be equipped with an automatic door closer that
will completely close the door and latch without human assistance.
4.9.2.4.5.6.1 Air Pressure The door closer shall be able to close the door completely
against the specified difference in air pressure.
4.9.2.4.5.7 Limit Switch Such doors shall be equipped with a limit switch and an alarm that will
sound if the door remains open for more than 30 minutes.
4.9.2.4.5.7.1 Alarm This alarm shall have a minimum output level of 85 dbA at 10 feet
(3.0 m).
4.9.2.4.5.7.2 Loss of Air Pressure Where an open door will result in loss of air-pressure
difference, this requirement can be met by the audible alarm required under MAHC 4.9.2.5.2.4.
4.9.2.5A Interior Chemical Storage Spaces
4.9.2.5.1A No Air Movement There shall be no transfer grille, pass-through grille, louver, or other
device or opening that will allow air movement from the CHEMICAL STORAGE SPACE into any other INTERIOR
SPACE of a building intended for occupancy or into another CHEMICAL STORAGE SPACE.
4.9.2.5.2A Electrical Conduit System Interior CHEMICAL STORAGE SPACES that share any
building surface (wall, floor, ceiling, door, etc.) with any other INTERIOR SPACE shall be equipped with a
ventilation system that operates continuously and ensures that all air movement is from all other INTERIOR
SPACES and toward the CHEMICAL STORAGE SPACE.
4.9.2.5.2.1 Additional Interior Space Interior CHEMICAL STORAGE SPACES that share an
electrical conduit system with any other INTERIOR SPACE shall be equipped with a ventilation system that
operates continuously and ensures that all air movement is from all other INTERIOR SPACES and toward the
2023 MAHC CODE 4.0 Aquatic Facility Design and Construction 95
CHEMICAL STORAGE SPACE.
4.9.2.5.2.3 Separate Exhaust System Where more than one CHEMICAL STORAGE SPACE is
present, a separate exhaust system shall be provided for each CHEMICAL STORAGE SPACE.
4.9.2.5.2.3.1 Airflow Rate The exhaust airflow rate shall be the greater of the:
1) OSHA requirements for working in such enclosed spaces,
2) Amount needed to maintain the concentration of vapors or fumes below the PEL for the expected
exposure time (defined by 29 CFR 1910.1000 [OSHA]) for each stored chemical,
3) Amount specified by International Mechanical Code,
4) Amount specified by the Uniform Mechanical Code, or
5) Amount needed to maintain the specified pressure difference.
4.9.2.5.2.4A Alarm The function of this exhaust system shall be MONITORED continuously by an
audible differential-pressure alarm system which shall sound if the specified differential air pressure is not
maintained for a period of 30 minutes.
4.9.2.5.2.4.1 Minimum Output This alarm shall have a minimum output level of 85 dbA
at 10 feet (3.0 m).
4.9.2.5.2.4.2 Manual Reset The specified alarm shall require manual reset to silence it.
4.9.2.6 Air Ducts in Interior Chemical Storage Spaces
4.9.2.6.1A No Air Movement No duct shall allow air movement from the CHEMICAL STORAGE
SPACE into any other INTERIOR SPACE of a building intended for occupation or into any other CHEMICAL
STORAGE SPACE.
4.9.2.6.2 Chemical Storage Air ducts shall not enter or pass through an interior CHEMICAL
STORAGE SPACE.
4.9.2.6.2.1 Corrosion Resistant Exception: A corrosion-resistant duct used for no other purpose
than to exhaust air from the CHEMICAL STORAGE SPACE shall be acceptable.
4.9.2.6.2.1.1 Building Exterior This corrosion-resistant duct shall exhaust to the exterior
and must end at a point on the exterior of the building, at least 20 feet (6.1 m) from any air intake for
breathing air, cooling air, or combustion air.
4.9.2.6.2.2 Makeup Air Exception: A duct used for no other purpose than to supply makeup air
to the CHEMICAL STORAGE SPACE shall be acceptable.
4.9.2.6.2.2.1 Building Exterior This makeup air supply duct shall end at a point on the
exterior of the building, at least 20 feet (6.1 m) from any air intake for breathing air, cooling air, or
combustion air.
4.9.2.6.2.3 Other Ducts Exception: Any other ducts specifically allowable by applicable
building and mechanical CODES where such ducts are corrosion resistant and joint free to the extent feasible
shall be acceptable.
4.9.2.7 Pipes and Tubes in Interior Chemical Storage Spaces
4.9.2.7.1 Not Enter Pipes and tubes shall not enter or pass through an interior CHEMICAL
STORAGE SPACE.
4.9.2.7.1.1 Service Exception: As required to service devices integral to the function of the
2023 MAHC CODE 4.0 Aquatic Facility Design and Construction 96
CHEMICAL STORAGE SPACE, such as pumps, vessels, controls, freeze protection, and safety devices.
4.9.2.7.1.2 Automatic Fire Suppression Exception: As required to allow for automatic fire
suppression where required.
4.9.2.7.1.3 Drainage Exception: As required for drainage.
4.9.2.7.2 Devices Piping, tubes, drain bodies, grates, and attachment and restraint devices shall be
corrosion resistant and rated for the chemical environment(s) present including floor drain bodies and grates.
4.9.2.7.3 Wall Penetrations All wall penetrations shall be sealed air-tight.
4.9.2.7.3.1 Rating All wall penetrations shall be commensurate with the rating of the wall
assembly.
4.9.2.7.3.2 Sealing Materials Sealing material(s) shall be compatible with the wall assembly
and the chemical environment(s) present.
4.9.2.8A Combustion Equipment in Interior Chemical Storage Spaces
4.9.2.8.1 Installed No COMBUSTION DEVICE or appliance shall be installed in a CHEMICAL
STORAGE SPACE, or in any other place where it will be exposed to the air from a CHEMICAL STORAGE SPACE.
4.9.2.8.1.1 Exception Exception: A COMBUSTION DEVICE or appliance which meets all of the
following requirements shall be acceptable:
1) The device or appliance is required for one or more processes integral to the function of the room, such as
space heat;
2) The device is listed for such use; and
3) The device as installed is acceptable to the AHJ.
4.9.2.9 Electrical Equipment in Chemical Storage Spaces Electrical equipment and wiring
methods used for or in CHEMICAL STORAGE SPACES shall comply with MAHC 4.9.2.
4.9.2.10 Ozone Rooms
4.9.2.10.1 Only Ozone Equipment An ozone EQUIPMENT ROOM shall not be used for STORAGE of
chemicals, solvents, or any combustible materials, other than those required for the operation of the
recirculation and ozone generating equipment.
4.9.2.10.2 Emergency Ventilation Rooms which are designed to include ozone equipment shall
be equipped with an emergency ventilation system capable of six air changes per hour.
4.9.2.10.2.1 Exhaust Intake The exhaust intake shall be located approximately 6 inches (15.2
cm) from the floor, on the opposite side of the room from the make-up air intake.
4.9.2.10.2.2 On Command The emergency ventilation system shall be so arranged as to run on
command of an ozone-leak alarm or on command of a manual switch.
4.9.2.10.2.3 Manual Switch The manual emergency ventilation switch shall be located outside
the room and near the door to the ozone room.
4.9.2.10.3 Below Grade Ozone rooms which are below grade shall be equipped with forced-draft
ventilation capable of six air changes per hour.
4.9.2.10.3.1 Exhaust Intake The exhaust intake shall be located approximately 6 inches (15.2
cm) from the floor, on the opposite side of the room from the make-up air intake.
4.9.2.10.3.2 Arranged Such ventilation system shall be so arranged as to:
1) Run automatically concurrent with the ozone equipment and for at least a time allowing for 15 air
changes after the ozone equipment is stopped,
2023 MAHC CODE 4.0 Aquatic Facility Design and Construction 97
2) Run upon activation of the ozone detection and alarm system, and
3) Run on command of a manual switch.
4.9.2.10.3.3 Manual Ventilation Switch The manual ventilation switch shall be located outside
the room and near the door to the ozone room.
4.9.2.10.4 Signage In addition to the signs required on all CHEMICAL STORAGE SPACES, a sign shall
be posted on the exterior of the entry door, stating “DANGER - GASEOUS OXIDIZER – OZONE” in
lettering not less than 4 inches (10.2 cm) high.
4.9.2.10.5 Alarm System Rooms containing ozone generation equipment shall be equipped with an
audible and visible ozone detection and alarm system.
4.9.2.10.5.1 Requirements The alarm system shall consist of both an audible alarm capable of
producing at least 85 decibels at 10 feet distance (3.0 m), and a visible alarm consisting of a flashing light
mounted in plain view of the entrance to the ozone-EQUIPMENT ROOM.
4.9.2.10.5.2 Sensor The ozone sensor shall be located at a height of 18–24 inches (45.7–61.0 cm)
above floor level.
4.9.2.10.5.2.1 Measuring The ozone sensor shall be capable of measuring ozone in the
range of 0–2 ppm (mg/L).
4.9.2.10.5.3 Ozone Concentration The alarm system shall alarm when the ozone concentration
equals or exceeds 0.1 ppm (mg/L) in the room.
4.9.2.10.5.4 Activation Activation of the alarm system shall shut off the ozone generating
equipment and turn on the emergency ventilation system.
4.9.2.11A Gaseous Chlorination Space As per MAHC 4.7.3.2.4.1, use of compressed CHLORINE gas
shall be prohibited for new construction and after SUBSTANTIAL ALTERATION to existing AQUATIC FACILITIES.
4.9.2.11.1 Existing Facilities MAHC 4.9.2.11 shall apply to existing facilities using compressed
CHLORINE gas.
4.9.2.11.2 Adequate Size A gaseous-chlorination space shall be large enough to house the
chlorinator, CHLORINE STORAGE tanks, and associated equipment as required.
4.9.2.11.3 Secure Tanks A gaseous-chlorination space shall be equipped with facilities for
securing tanks.
4.9.2.11.4 Not Below Grade A gaseous-chlorination space shall not be located in a basement or
otherwise be below grade.
4.9.2.11.5 Compressed-Chlorine Gas Where installed indoors, compressed-CHLORINE gas
STORAGE containers and associated chlorinating equipment shall be in a separate room constructed to have a
fire rating of not less than 1-hour.
4.9.2.11.6 Entry Door The entry door to an indoor gaseous-CHLORINE space shall open to the
exterior of the building or structure.
4.9.2.11.6.1 Pool or Deck The entry door to an indoor gaseous-CHLORINE space shall not open
directly towards a POOL or DECK.
4.9.2.11.7 Inspection Window An indoor gaseous-CHLORINE space shall be provided with a
shatterproof gas-tight inspection window.
4.9.2.11.8 Ventilation Indoor gaseous-chlorination spaces shall be provided with a spark-proof
ventilation system capable of 60 air changes per hour.
4.9.2.11.8.1 Exhaust-Air Intake The exhaust-air intake of the ventilation system shall be taken at
2023 MAHC CODE 4.0 Aquatic Facility Design and Construction 98
a point within 6 inches (15.2 cm) of the floor, and on the opposite side of the room from the makeup-air
intake.
4.9.2.11.8.2 Discharge Point The exhaust-air discharge point shall be:
1) Outdoors,
2) Above adjoining grade level,
3) At least 20 feet (6.1 m) from any operable window, and
4) At least 20 feet (6.1 m) from any adjacent building.
4.9.2.11.8.3 Make-Up Intake The make-up air intake shall be within 6 inches (15.2 cm) of the
ceiling of the space.
4.9.2.11.8.3.1 Open Outdoors The make-up air intake shall open directly to the outdoors.
4.9.2.11.8.4 Personal Protective Equipment Available PPE, consisting of at least a gas mask
approved by NIOSH for use with CHLORINE atmospheres, shall be stored directly outside one entrance to an
indoor gaseous-chlorination space.
4.9.2.11.8.5 SCBA Systems A minimum of two SCBA systems shall be on hand at all times and
two QUALIFIED OPERATORS are to be involved in the changing of the tanks.
4.9.2.11.8.6 Stationed Outside One of the QUALIFIED OPERATORS should be stationed outside of
the chemical room where the QUALIFIED OPERATOR inside can be seen at all times.
4.9.2.11.8.7 Emergency Telephone An emergency direct line telephone shall be located by the
door.
4.9.2.12 Windows in Chemical Storage Spaces
4.9.2.12.1A Not Required Windows in CHEMICAL STORAGE SPACES shall not be required by this
CODE.
4.9.2.13.2 Compatible Materials used for sealing and blocking openings in an interior CHEMICAL
STORAGE SPACE shall be compatible for use in the environment.
4.9.2.13.3 Fire Rating Materials used for sealing and blocking openings in an interior CHEMICAL
STORAGE SPACE shall be commensurate with the fire rating of the assembly in which they are installed.
2023 MAHC CODE 4.0 Aquatic Facility Design and Construction 99
4.10.4.3.7A Waterslide A minimum of one RINSE SHOWER shall be provided at each entrance to a
WATERSLIDE queue line.
4.10.4.4A All Showers AQUATIC FACILITIES with 7500 square feet (697 m2) of water area or more may
be flexible in the number of CLEANSING SHOWERS they provide based on the THEORETICAL PEAK OCCUPANCY
in MAHC 4.1.2.3.5:
1) 25% of the required SHOWERS shall be CLEANSING SHOWERS,
2) 25% of the required SHOWERS shall be RINSE SHOWERS, and
3) the remaining 50% may be either cleansing or RINSE SHOWERS.
4.10.4.5A Diaper-Changing Stations
4.10.4.5.1 Each Facility All AQUATIC FACILITIES allowing use by diaper-aged BATHERS shall,
upon adoption of this CODE, have at least one DIAPER-CHANGING STATION in each male and female HYGIENE
FACILITY or make available a unisex DIAPER-CHANGING STATION.
4.10.4.5.1.1A Hand Wash Sink For existing AQUATIC FACILITIES, the adjacent plumbed
handwashing sink shall be installed and operational within 1 year from the date of the AHJ’s adoption of the
MAHC.
4.10.4.5.1.2A Portable For existing AQUATIC FACILITIES that do not yet have an adjacent plumbed
handwashing sink as specified in MAHC 4.10.4.5.1.1, a portable HANDWASHING STATION shall be available
adjacent to the station at all times.
4.10.4.5.2A Conform DIAPER-CHANGING UNITS shall conform to either of the following
STANDARDS:
4.12.1.10A Timers The hydrotherapy jet system shall be connected to a minute timer that does not exceed
15 minutes to limit the period of agitation.
4.12.1.10.1 Out of Bather Reach The hydrotherapy jet system shall be connected to a minute timer
located out of reach of a BATHER in the SPA.
4.12.1.11A Emergency Shutoff All SPAS shall have a clearly labeled emergency shutoff or control
switch for the purpose of stopping the motor(s) that provide power to the RECIRCULATION SYSTEM and
hydrotherapy or hydrotherapy jet system.
4.12.1.11.1 Readily Accessible All SPAS shall have a clearly labeled emergency shutoff or control
switch that shall be installed and be readily accessible to the BATHERS, in accordance with the NEC.
4.12.2 Waterslides and Landing Pools
4.12.2.1A Design and Construction
4.12.2.1.1 Additional Provisions In addition to the general AQUATIC FACILITY requirements stated
in this CODE, WATERSLIDES and LANDING POOLS shall comply with the additional provisions or reliefs of this
section.
4.12.2.1.2 Recognized Standards The following recognized design and construction STANDARDS
for WATERSLIDES shall be adhered to.
4.12.2.1.2.1 Engineer Compliance The DESIGN PROFESSIONAL shall provide documentation
and/or certification that the WATERSLIDE design is in conformance with these STANDARDS:
1) ASTM F2376-17a Standard Practice for Classification, Design, Manufacture, Construction, and
Operation of Water Slide Systems and
2) ASTM F2461-16e1. Standard Practice for Manufacturer, Construction, Operation, and Maintenance of
Aquatic Play Equipment.
4.12.2.1.2.2 Required Signage Signs indicating riding instructions, warnings, and requirements
in accordance with the manufacturer recommendations shall be posted at the WATERSLIDE entry.
4.12.2.2 Flumes
4.12.2.2.1 Surfaces FLUME surfaces shall be inert, nontoxic, smooth, and easily cleaned.
4.12.2.2.2 Dips All FLUME VALLEYS and DIPS shall have proper drainage, SAFETY measures that
ensure a rider cannot fall from the FLUME, and a means of egress in the event the ride malfunctions or a rider
stops on the ride.
2023 MAHC CODE 4.0 Aquatic Facility Design and Construction 106
4.12.2.3 Flume Exits
4.12.2.3.1 Landing Pool The exit of any FLUME shall be designed to ensure that BATHERS enter the
LANDING POOL or SLIDE RUNOUT at a safe speed and angle of entry.
4.12.2.3.2 Intersection If a WATERSLIDE has two or more FLUMES and there is a point of
intersection between the centerlines of any two FLUMES, the distance between that point and the point of exit
for each intersecting FLUME shall not be less than the SLIDE manufacturer’s recommendations and ASTM
F2376.
4.12.2.4A Exit into Landing Pools
4.12.2.4.1 Water Level WATERSLIDES shall be designed to terminate at or below water level,
except for DROP SLIDES or unless otherwise permitted by the WATERSLIDE manufacturer and ASTM F2376.
4.12.2.4.2 Perpendicular WATERSLIDES shall be perpendicular to the wall of the AQUATIC VENUE
at the point of exit unless otherwise permitted by the WATERSLIDE manufacturer.
4.12.2.4.3 Exit System WATERSLIDES shall be designed with an exit system which shall be in
accordance with the WATERSLIDE manufacturer’s recommendations and ASTM F2376.
4.12.2.4.3.1 Safe Entry WATERSLIDES shall be designed with an exit system which shall provide
safe entry into the LANDING POOL or WATERSLIDE RUNOUT.
4.12.2.4.4 Flume Exits The FLUME exits shall be in accordance with the WATERSLIDE
manufacturer’s recommendations and ASTM F2376.
4.12.2.4.5 Point of Exit The distance between the point of exit and the side of the AQUATIC VENUE
opposite the BATHERS as they exit, excluding any steps, shall not be less than the WATERSLIDE manufacturer’s
recommendations and in accordance with ASTM F2376.
4.12.2.5 Landing Pools
4.12.2.5.1 Steps If steps are provided instead of exit ladders or RECESSED STEPS with grab rails,
they shall be installed at the opposite end of the LANDING POOL from the FLUME exit with a handrail.
4.12.2.5.2 Landing Area If the WATERSLIDE FLUME ends in a swimming POOL, the landing area
shall be divided from the rest of the AQUATIC VENUE by a ROPE AND FLOAT LINE, WING WALL, PENINSULA, or
other similar feature to prevent collisions with other BATHERS.
4.12.2.6 Decks A PERIMETER DECK shall be provided along the exit side of the LANDING POOL.
4.12.2.7 Means of Access A walkway, steps, stairway, or ramp shall be provided between the
LANDING POOL and the top of the FLUME. Refer to MAHC 4.8.1 for more guidance on DECK spaces.
4.12.2.8 Slide Runouts
4.12.2.8.1 Egress WATERSLIDE RUNOUTS, if used, shall have a planned means of egress, unless one
of the walls of the RUNOUT is not more than 19 inches (48.3 cm) in height.
4.12.2.8.2 Designed WATERSLIDE RUNOUTS shall be designed in accordance with the SLIDE
manufacturer’s recommendations and ASTM F2376.
4.12.2.9A Drop Slides
4.12.2.9.1 Landing Area There shall be a SLIDE landing area in accordance with the SLIDE
manufacturer’s recommendations and ASTM F2376.
4.12.2.9.2 Area Clearance This area shall not infringe on the landing area for any other SLIDES,
diving equipment, or any other minimum AQUATIC VENUE clearance requirements.
4.12.2.9.3 Steps Steps shall not infringe on this area.
2023 MAHC CODE 4.0 Aquatic Facility Design and Construction 107
4.12.2.9.4 Water Depth The minimum required water depth shall be a function of the vertical
distance between the terminus of the SLIDE surface and the water surface of the LANDING POOL.
4.12.2.9.5 Manufacturer’s Recommendation The minimum required water depth shall be in
accordance with the SLIDE manufacturer’s recommendations and ASTM F2376.
4.12.2.10 Pool Slides
4.12.2.10.1 Designed for Safety All SLIDES installed as an appurtenance to an AQUATIC VENUE
shall be designed, constructed, and installed to provide a safe environment for all BATHERS utilizing the
AQUATIC VENUE in accordance with applicable ASTM and CPSC STANDARDS.
4.12.2.10.2 Non-Toxic Components used to construct a POOL SLIDE shall be non-toxic and
compatible with the environment contacted under normal use.
4.12.2.10.3 Water Depth Water depth at the SLIDE terminus shall be determined by the SLIDE
manufacturer.
4.12.2.10.4 Pool Edge Clear space shall be maintained to the POOL edge and other features per
manufacturer requirements.
4.12.2.10.4.1 Landing Area The landing area of the SLIDE shall be protected through the use of a
ROPE AND FLOAT LINE, WING WALL, PENINSULA, or other similar impediment to prevent collisions with other
BATHERS.
4.12.2.10.4.2 Prevent Bather Access Netting or other BARRIERS shall be provided to prevent
BATHER access underneath POOL SLIDES where sufficient clearance is not provided.
4.12.2.10.4.3 Netting or Barrier Such netting or other BARRIER shall be designed such that any
underwater opening does not allow for the passage of a 4 inch (10.2 cm) ball and no opening can create a
finger entrapment.
4.12.2.11 Signage Warning signs in accordance with manufacturer’s recommendations shall be
provided.
4.12.3A Wave Pools
4.12.3.1 General
4.12.3.1.1 Additional Provisions In addition to the general swimming POOL requirements stated in
this CODE, WAVE POOLS shall comply with the additional provisions or reliefs of this section.
4.12.3.2 Access
4.12.3.2.1 Access Point BATHERS shall gain access to the WAVE POOL at the shallow or beach end
with the exception of an allowable ADA designated entry point.
4.12.3.2.1.1 Sides The sides of the WAVE POOL shall be protected from unauthorized entry into
the WAVE POOL by the use of a BARRIER.
4.12.3.2.1.2 Handrails Handrails as required by ADA for accessible entries shall be designed in
such a way that they do not present a potential for injury or entrapment with WAVE POOL BATHERS.
4.12.3.2.2 Perimeter Decks A PERIMETER DECK shall not be required around 100% of the WAVE
POOL perimeter.
4.12.3.2.2.1 Wave Pool Access A PERIMETER DECK shall be provided where BATHERS gain
access to the WAVE POOL at the shallow or beach end and in locations where access is required for lifeguards.
4.12.3.2.3 Handholds WAVE POOLS shall be provided with handholds at the static water level or
not more than 6 inches (15.2 cm) above the static water level.
4.12.3.2.3.1 Continuous These handholds shall be continuous around the WAVE POOL’S perimeter
2023 MAHC CODE 4.0 Aquatic Facility Design and Construction 108
with the exception of at the ZERO DEPTH ENTRY, water depths less than 24 inches (61.0 cm), if this area is
roped off not allowed for BATHER access.
4.12.3.2.3.2 Self Draining These handholds shall be self-draining.
4.12.3.2.3.3 Flush Handholds shall be installed so that their outer edge is flush with the WAVE
POOL wall.
4.12.3.2.3.4 Entangled The design of the handholds shall ensure that body extremities will not
become entangled during wave action.
4.12.3.2.4 Steps and Handrails RECESSED STEPS shall not be allowed along the walls of the WAVE
POOL due to the entrapment potential.
4.12.3.2.5 Ladders Side wall ladders shall be utilized for egress only.
4.12.3.2.5.1 Placement Side wall ladders shall be placed so they do not project beyond the plane
of the wall surface.
4.12.3.2.6 Rope and Float Line WAVE POOLS shall be fitted with a ROPE AND FLOAT LINE located
to restrict access to the caisson wall if required by the WAVE POOL equipment manufacturer.
4.12.3.2.6.1 Exception ROPE AND FLOAT LINE shall not apply to WAVE POOLS as indicated in
provisions of MAHC 4.5.19.5.3.
4.12.3.3 Safety
4.12.3.3.1 Life Jackets Proper STORAGE shall be provided for life jackets and all other equipment
used in the WAVE POOL that will allow for thorough drying to prevent mold and other biological growth.
4.12.3.3.2 Shut-Off Switch A minimum of two emergency shut-off switches to disable the wave
action shall be provided, one on each side of the WAVE POOL.
4.12.3.3.2.1 Labeled and Accessible These switches shall be clearly labeled and readily
accessible to QUALIFIED LIFEGUARDS.
4.12.3.3.3 Caisson Enclosure Caisson ENCLOSURES that prevent the passage of a 4-inch (10.2 cm)
ball shall be provided for all WAVE POOLS.
4.12.4 Therapy Pools
4.12.4.1 Additional Provisions In addition to the general AQUATIC VENUE requirements stated in this
CODE, THERAPY POOLS shall comply with the additional provisions or reliefs of this section and MAHC
4.7.3.3 on SECONDARY TREATMENT.
4.12.4.2 Slope Floor slope may exceed 1 foot (30.5 cm) in 12 feet (3.7 m) for water shallower than 5
feet (1.5 m).
4.12.4.2.1 Break Points Break points in floor slope shall be identified with a contrasting band
consistent with MAHC 4.5.4.2.
4.12.4.3 Hydrotherapy Hydrotherapy jet systems shall be independent of the recirculation, filtration,
and heating systems.
4.12.4.4 Special Equipment Special equipment may be allowed by the AHJ with proper justification.
4.12.5 Lazy Rivers
4.12.5.1 General
4.12.5.1.1 Additional Provisions In addition to the general swimming AQUATIC VENUE
requirements stated in this CODE, LAZY RIVERS shall comply with the additional provisions or reliefs of this
section.
2023 MAHC CODE 4.0 Aquatic Facility Design and Construction 109
4.12.5.1.2 Protrusions Handrails, steps, stairs, and propulsion jets for LAZY RIVERS shall not
protrude into the river.
4.12.5.2 Access and Egress
4.12.5.2.1A Means Means of access/egress shall be provided at 150 foot (45.7 m) intervals around
the LAZY RIVER.
4.12.5.2.2A Handhold A handhold in compliance with MAHC 4.5.14 shall be required on at least
one side of the LAZY RIVER but shall not include horizontal bars and/or recessed handholds.
4.12.5.2.2.1 Bathers In or On Tubes Exception: Handholds shall not be required where
BATHERS are required to be in or on a tube while in the LAZY RIVER.
4.12.5.2.3A Deck A DECK shall be provided along the entire length of the LAZY RIVER.
4.12.5.2.3.1 Alternate Sides The DECK shall be allowed to alternate sides of the LAZY RIVER.
4.12.5.2.3.2 Obstructions Obstructions around the perimeter of the LAZY RIVER, such as bridges
or landscaping, shall be allowed provided they do not impact lifeguarding, sight lines, or rescue operations.
4.12.5.2.4A Bridges All bridges spanning a LAZY RIVER shall have a minimum clearance of both 7
feet (2.1 m) from the bottom of the LAZY RIVER and 4 feet (1.2 m) above the water surface to any structure
overhead.
4.12.6 Moveable Floors
4.12.6.1 General
4.12.6.1.1 Additional Provisions In addition to the general swimming AQUATIC VENUE
requirements stated in this CODE, MOVEABLE FLOORS shall comply with the additional provisions or reliefs of
this section.
4.12.6.1.2 Water Treatment The MOVEABLE FLOOR design shall not impede the effectiveness of
the water treatment system.
4.12.6.1.3 Underneath MOVEABLE FLOORS shall allow inspection, cleaning, and maintenance of
the area underneath.
4.12.6.2 Slip Resistant The surface of the MOVEABLE FLOOR shall be SLIP RESISTANT if it is intended
for installation in water depths less than 5 feet (1.5 m).
4.12.6.3 Safety
4.12.6.3.1A Not Continuous A strategy for preventing BATHERS from transitioning to deeper water
when a MOVEABLE FLOOR is not continuous over the entire surface area of the AQUATIC VENUE shall be
provided.
4.12.6.3.2A Underside The underside of the MOVEABLE FLOOR shall not be accessible to BATHERS.
4.12.6.3.3 Entrapment The design of a MOVEABLE FLOOR shall protect against BATHER
entrapment between the MOVEABLE FLOOR and the POOL walls and floor.
4.12.6.3.4 Hydraulic Fluid If the MOVEABLE FLOOR is operated using hydraulics, the hydraulic
compounds shall be listed as safe for use in POOL water in case there is a hydraulic leak.
4.12.6.4A Movement
4.12.6.4.1 Speed The speed of a MOVEABLE FLOOR shall be less than or equal to 1.5 feet per minute
(45.7 cm/min).
4.12.6.4.2 Use Use of the MOVEABLE FLOOR portion of the POOL shall not be open to BATHERS
when the floor is being raised or lowered.
2023 MAHC CODE 4.0 Aquatic Facility Design and Construction 110
4.12.6.4.2.1 Accessibility Exception: The MOVEABLE FLOOR shall only be used for accessibility
purposes under direct supervision.
4.12.6.5 Water Depth and Markings
4.12.6.5.1 Displayed A floor depth indicator shall be provided that displays the current POOL water
depth.
4.12.6.5.2 Warning Markings Warning markings stating “Moveable Floor” shall be provided at
25 foot (7.6 m) intervals around the perimeter of the MOVEABLE FLOOR.
4.12.7 Bulkheads
4.12.7.1 Additional Provisions In addition to the general AQUATIC VENUE requirements stated in this
CODE, BULKHEADS shall comply with the additional provisions or reliefs of this section.
4.12.7.2A Entrapment The bottom of the BULKHEAD shall be designed so that a BATHER cannot be
entrapped underneath or inside of the BULKHEAD.
4.12.7.3 Placement The BULKHEAD placement shall not interfere with the required water circulation in
the POOL.
4.12.7.4 Fixed BULKHEADS shall be fixed to their operational position(s) by a tamper-proof system.
4.12.7.5A Gap The gap between the BULKHEAD and the POOL wall shall be no greater than 1.5 inches
(3.8 cm).
4.12.7.6A Handhold The BULKHEAD shall be designed to afford an acceptable handhold as required in
MAHC 4.5.14.
4.12.7.7 Entrances and Exits The proper number of entrances/exits to the POOL as required by
MAHC 4.5.3 shall be provided when the BULKHEAD is in place.
4.12.7.8 Guard Railings Guard railings at least 34 inches (86.4 cm) tall shall be provided on both ends
of the BULKHEAD.
4.12.7.9A Width The width of the walkable area (total BULKHEAD width) of a BULKHEAD shall be greater
than or equal to 3 feet and 3 inches (1.0 m).
4.12.7.9.1A Starting Platforms If starting platforms are installed, the width of the walkable area
(total BULKHEAD width) of a BULKHEAD shall be greater than or equal to 3 feet and 9 inches (1.1 m).
4.12.7.9.1.1 Side Mount Style Starting platforms shall be “side mount” style if BULKHEAD is less
than 4 feet 6 inches (1.4 m) wide.
4.12.7.10 Bulkhead Travel The travel of a BULKHEAD shall be in accordance with one of the
following:
1) Limited such that it cannot encroach on any required clearances of other features, such as diving boards,
or
2) Designed with modifications incorporated that prevent use of other features when the required clearances
have been compromised by the position of the BULKHEAD.
4.12.7.11 Bulkhead Installation BULKHEADS shall not be installed, unless designed, and operated in
accordance with all manufacturer’s installation and operations recommendations.
4.12.8.4.1 Gravity Flow through the drains to the INTERACTIVE WATER PLAY VENUE COLLECTION
TANK shall be under gravity.
4.12.8.4.2 Direct Suction Outlets Direct suction outlets from the INTERACTIVE WATER PLAY
VENUE shall be prohibited.
4.12.8.4.3 Valving Valves shall be provided in the drain system to allow for discharging water to
an approved means for wastewater disposal prior to returning to the collection tank when INTERACTIVE
WATER PLAY AQUATIC VENUE is not operational.
4.12.8.5 Grate Openings Openings in the grates covering the drains shall not exceed ½ inches (12.7
mm) wide.
4.12.8.5.1 Tools Gratings shall not be removable without the use of tools.
4.12.8.6 Treatment Tank The INTERACTIVE WATER PLAY VENUE COLLECTION TANK shall be
designed to provide ready access for cleaning and inspections, and
4.12.8.6.1 Completely Drain The INTERACTIVE WATER PLAY VENUE collection tank shall be
capable of complete draining.
4.12.8.6.2 Access Hatch The access hatch or lid shall be locked or require a tool to open.
4.12.8.6.3 Capacity The collection tank shall have a minimum operational volume of 3,000 gallons
of water.
4.12.8.6.3.1 Volume The volume of water in the collection tank shall be sufficient to assure
continuous operation of the filtration system.
4.12.8.6.4 Overflow Pipe A means to convey excess water in the tank to an AHJ approved waste
disposal system shall be provided.
4.12.8.6.5A Inlets RECIRCULATION SYSTEM INLETS shall be sized and positioned to provide for
complete mixing in the tank.
4.12.8.7 Deck Area INTERACTIVE WATER PLAY VENUES shall be kept free of landscape debris by
either:
1) Eight feet (2.4 m) of DECK area,
2) Raised curbs, or
2023 MAHC CODE 4.0 Aquatic Facility Design and Construction 112
3) Raised planters.
4.12.8.7.1 Deck Surface The DECK shall be of a uniform, easily cleaned, impervious material.
4.12.8.7.2 Protected From Runoff The DECK shall be protected from surface runoff.
4.12.8.8 Barrier A BARRIER shall be provided to separate an INTERACTIVE WATER PLAY VENUE from
another BODY OF WATER within the same facility.
4.12.8.8.1 Exception: Separated by Distance Exception: The INTERACTIVE WATER PLAY
VENUE is separated by a distance of at least 15 feet (4.6 m) from other bodies of water.
4.12.8.9 Enclosures If a facility only consists of an INTERACTIVE WATER PLAY VENUE, then the
requirements for an ENCLOSURE shall not apply.
4.12.8.10A Hazard Spray features shall be designed and installed to be seen clearly, so as not to be a
hazard to BATHERS due to water velocity from the spray feature discharge, or other SAFETY hazards.
4.12.8.11 Maximum Velocity Maximum velocity at the orifice of the spray feature nozzle shall not
exceed 20 feet (6.1 m) per second.
4.12.8.12A Signage Depth markings and warning signs shall not be required for INTERACTIVE WATER
PLAY VENUES.
4.12.8.13 NEC Requirements NEC swimming POOL requirements shall apply to INTERACTIVE WATER
PLAY VENUES.
4.12.9.2.2A Shallow Water WADING POOLS near other WADING POOLS shall not be required to be
separated by a BARRIER.
4.12.10A Other Aquatic Features Other AQUATIC FEATURES not otherwise addressed in the CODE,
including but not limited to climbing walls, inflatables, and play structures, shall not be installed unless designed
and operated in accordance with all manufacturer’s installation and operations recommendations.
2023 MAHC CODE 5.0 Aquatic Facility Operation and Maintenance 113
5.2 Inspections
5.2.1 Preoperational Inspections
5.2.1.1 Terms of Operation The AQUATIC FACILITY may not be placed in operation until an
inspection approved by the AHJ shows compliance with the requirements of this CODE or the AHJ approves
2023 MAHC CODE 5.0 Aquatic Facility Operation and Maintenance 114
opening for operation.
5.2.2 Exemptions
5.2.2.1 Applying for Exemption An AQUATIC FACILITY seeking an initial exemption or an existing
AQUATIC FACILITY claiming to be exempt according to applicable regulations shall contact the AHJ for
application details/forms.
5.2.2.2 Change in Exemption Status An AQUATIC FACILITY that sought and received an exemption
from a public regulation shall contact the AHJ if the conditions upon which the exemption was granted
change so as to eliminate the exemption status.
5.2.3A Variances
5.2.3.1 Variance Authority The AHJ may grant a variance to the requirements of this CODE.
5.2.3.2 Applying for a Variance An AQUATIC FACILITY seeking a variance shall apply in writing
with the appropriate forms to the AHJ.
5.2.3.2.1 Application Components The application shall include, but not be limited to:
1) A citation of the CODE section to which the variance is requested,
2) A statement as to why the applicant is unable to comply with the CODE section to which the variance is
requested,
3) The nature and duration of the variance requested,
4) A statement of how the intent of the CODE will be met and the reasons why the public health or SAFETY
would not be jeopardized if the variance was granted, and
5) A full description of any policies, procedures, or equipment that the applicant proposes to use to rectify
any potential increase in health or SAFETY risks created by granting the variance.
5.2.3.3 Revoked Each variance shall be revoked when the permit attached to it is revoked.
5.2.3.4 Not Transferable A variance shall not be transferable unless otherwise provided in writing at
the time the variance is granted.
1) The water shall be recirculated and treated to meet the criteria of this CODE and the AQUATIC VENUE shall
be staffed to keep BATHERS out;
2) The water shall be drained, and the AQUATIC VENUE shall be staffed to keep BATHERS out;
3) A temporary BARRIER for the AQUATIC VENUE shall be installed to keep bathers out, and routine checks
of the integrity of the temporary AQUATIC VENUE BARRIER shall be made; or
4) An approved safety cover that is CERTIFIED, LISTED, AND LABELED to ASTM F1346-91 by an ANSI-
accredited certification organization shall be installed.
5.4.1.1.3 Aquatic Venues Without an Enclosure and Closed to the Public Where the
aquatic venue does not have an enclosure enclosing it per MAHC 4.8.6, and the aquatic facility is
closed to the public:
1) The water shall be recirculated and treated to meet the criteria of this CODE;
2) The water shall be drained;
3) An approved safety cover CERTIFIED, LISTED, AND LABELED to ASTM F1346-91 by an ANSI-accredited
certification organization shall be installed; or
4) Where a safety cover is not used or not practical, access to the AQUATIC FACILITY shall be restricted and
routine checks of the integrity of the AQUATIC FACILITY ENCLOSURE shall be made.
5.4.1.2A Reopening An owner or operator of a closed AQUATIC VENUE shall verify that the AQUATIC
VENUE meets all applicable criteria of this CODE before reopening the AQUATIC VENUE.
5.4.2A Preventive Maintenance Plan
5.4.2.1 Written Plan
5.4.2.1.1 Preventive Maintenance Plan Available A written comprehensive preventive
maintenance plan for each AQUATIC VENUE shall be available at the AQUATIC FACILITY.
5.4.2.1.2 Contents The AQUATIC FACILITY preventive maintenance plan shall include details and
frequency of owner/operator’s planned routine facility inspection, maintenance, and replacement of
recirculation and water treatment components.
5.4.2.2A Facility Documentation
5.4.2.2.1 Original Plans and Specifications Available A copy of the approved plans and
specifications for each AQUATIC VENUE constructed after the adoption of this CODE shall be available at the
AQUATIC FACILITY
5.6.2.7 Air Filter Changing The QUALIFIED OPERATOR shall replace or clean, as appropriate, AIR
HANDLING SYSTEM air filters in accordance with the AIR HANDLING SYSTEM DESIGN PROFESSIONAL and/or
manufacturer’s recommendations, whichever is most frequent.
5.6.2.8A Combined Chlorine Reduction The QUALIFIED OPERATOR shall develop and implement a
plan to minimize COMBINED CHLORINE compounds in the INDOOR AQUATIC FACILITY from the operation of
AQUATIC VENUES.
5.6.2.9 Building Purge Plan The QUALIFIED OPERATOR shall develop and implement an air quality
action plan with procedures for PURGING the INDOOR AQUATIC FACILITY for chemical emergencies or other
indicators of poor air quality.
5.6.2.10 Records The owner shall ensure documents are maintained at the INDOOR AQUATIC FACILITY
to be available for inspection, recording the following:
1) A log recording the set points of operational parameters set during the commissioning of the AIR
HANDLING SYSTEM and the actual readings taken at least once daily;
2) Maintenance conducted to the system including the dates of filter changes, cleaning, and repairs;
3) Dates and details of modifications to the AIR HANDLING SYSTEM; and
4) Dates and details of modifications to the operating scheme.
5.6.3 Indoor / Outdoor Aquatic Facility Electrical Systems and Components
5.6.3.1A Electrical Repairs
5.6.3.1.1 Code Compliance Repairs or alterations to electrical equipment and associated
equipment shall preserve compliance with the NEC or with all applicable local, state, territorial, federal, and
tribal laws.
5.6.3.1.2 Immediately Repaired All defects in the electrical system shall be immediately
repaired.
5.6.3.1.3 Wiring Electrical wiring, whether permanent or temporary, shall comply with the NEC
and all applicable local, state, territorial, federal, and tribal laws.
5.6.3.2A Electrical Receptacles
5.6.3.2.1 New Receptacles The installation of new electrical receptacles shall be subject to
electrical-construction requirements of this CODE and all applicable local, state, territorial, federal, and tribal
2023 MAHC CODE 5.0 Aquatic Facility Operation and Maintenance 119
laws.
5.6.3.2.2 Repairs Repairs or maintenance to existing receptacles shall maintain compliance with
the NEC and with 29 CFR 1910.304(b) (3) (ii).
5.6.3.2.3 Replacement Replacement receptacles shall be of the same type as the previous ones
(e.g., grounding-type receptacles shall be replaced only by grounding-type receptacles), with all grounding
conductors connected and proper wiring polarity preserved.
5.6.3.2.4 Substitutions Where the original-type of receptacle is no longer available, a replacement
and installation shall be in accordance with all applicable local, state, territorial, federal, and tribal laws.
5.6.3.3A Ground-Fault Circuit Interrupter
5.6.3.3.1 Manufacturer’s Recommendations Where receptacles are required to be protected by
GFCI devices, the GFCI devices shall be tested following the manufacturer’s recommendations.
5.6.3.3.2 Testing Required GFCI devices shall be tested as part of scheduled maintenance on the
first day of operation, and monthly thereafter, until the BODY OF WATER is drained and the equipment is
prepared for STORAGE.
5.6.3.4A Grounding
5.6.3.4.1 Maintenance and Repair Maintenance or repair of electrical circuits or devices shall
preserve grounding compliance with the NEC and all applicable local, state, territorial, federal, and tribal
laws.
5.6.3.4.2 Grounding Conductors Grounding conductors that have been disconnected shall be re-
inspected as required by the local building CODE authority prior to AQUATIC VENUE being used by BATHERS.
5.6.3.4.3 Damaged Conductors Damaged grounding conductors and grounding electrodes shall
be repaired immediately.
5.6.3.4.4 Damaged Conductor Repair Damaged grounding conductors or grounding electrodes
associated with recirculation or DISINFECTION equipment or with underwater lighting systems shall be
repaired by a qualified person who has the proper and/or necessary skills, training, or credentials to carry out
the task.
5.6.3.4.5 Public Access The public shall not have access to the AQUATIC VENUE until such
grounding conductors or grounding electrodes are repaired.
5.6.3.4.6 Venue Closure The AQUATIC VENUE with damaged grounding conductors or grounding
electrodes, that are associated with recirculation or DISINFECTION equipment or with underwater lighting
systems, shall be closed until repairs are completed and then the AHJ inspects and approves.
5.6.3.5 Bonding
5.6.3.5.1 Code Compliance Maintenance or repair of all metallic equipment, electrical circuits or
devices, or reinforced concrete structures shall preserve bonding compliance with the NEC and all applicable
local, state, territorial, federal, and tribal laws.
5.6.3.5.2 Bonding Conductors Bonding conductors shall not be disconnected except where they
will be immediately reconnected.
5.6.3.5.3 Disconnected Conductors The AQUATIC VENUE shall not be used by BATHERS while
bonding conductors are disconnected.
5.6.3.5.4 Removable Covers Removable covers protecting bonding conductors (e.g., at ladders),
shall be kept in place except during bonding conductor inspections, repair, or replacement.
5.6.3.5.5 Scheduled Maintenance Bonding conductors, where accessible, shall be inspected
visually every 6 months or whenever disrupted or impacted by site construction or other related events.
2023 MAHC CODE 5.0 Aquatic Facility Operation and Maintenance 120
5.6.3.5.6 Corrosion Bonding conductors and any associated clamps shall not be extensively
corroded.
5.6.3.5.7 Continuity Continuity of the bonding system associated with RECIRCULATION SYSTEM
or DISINFECTION equipment or with underwater lighting systems shall be inspected by the AHJ following
installation and any major construction around the AQUATIC FACILITY.
5.6.3.6 Extension Cords
5.6.3.6.1 Extension Cords and Temporary Connectors
Extension cords shall only be used temporarily for remodeling, maintenance, or repair of buildings, structures,
or equipment with similar purposes. Extension cords and temporary power connectors shall not be used as a
substitute for permanent wiring.
5.6.3.6.2 Minimum Distance from Water All parts of an extension cord shall be restrained at a
minimum of 6 feet (1.8 m) away when measured along the shortest possible path from a BODY OF WATER
during times when the AQUATIC FACILITY is open.
5.6.3.6.3A Exception An extension cord may be used within 6 feet (1.8 m) of the nearest edge of a
BODY OF WATER if a permanent wall exists between the BODY OF WATER and the extension cord.
5.6.3.6.4 GFCI Protection The circuit supplying an extension cord shall be protected by a GFCI
device when the extension cord is to be used within 6 feet (1.8 m) of a BODY OF WATER.
5.6.3.6.5 Code Compliance An extension cord incorporating a GFCI device may be used if that
is acceptable under all applicable local, state, territorial, federal, and tribal laws.
5.6.3.6.6A Compliance The use of extension cords shall comply with 29 CFR 1910.304.
5.6.3.7 Portable Electric Devices Portable line-powered electrical devices, such as radios or drills,
shall not be used within 6 feet (1.8 m) horizontally of the nearest inner edge of a BODY OF WATER, unless
connected to a GFCI-protected circuit.
5.6.3.8A Communication Devices and Dispatch Systems The maintenance and repair of
Communication Devices and Dispatch Systems shall preserve compliance with the NEC.
5.6.4 Facility Heating
5.6.4.1 Facility Heating
5.6.4.1.1A Maintenance and Repair Maintenance, repairs, and alterations to facility-heating
equipment shall preserve compliance with applicable CODES.
5.6.4.1.2A Defects Defects in the AQUATIC FACILITY heating equipment shall be immediately
repaired.
5.6.4.1.3A Temperature Air temperature of an INDOOR AQUATIC FACILITY shall be controlled to
the original specifications or in the absence of such, maintain the dew point of the INTERIOR SPACE less than
the dew point of the interior walls at all times so as to prevent damage to structural members and to prevent
biological growth on walls.
5.6.4.1.4 Combustion Device Items shall not be stored within the COMBUSTION DEVICE
manufacturer’s specified minimum clearance distance.
5.6.4.2 Water Heating Maintenance, repairs, and alterations to POOL-water heating equipment shall
2023 MAHC CODE 5.0 Aquatic Facility Operation and Maintenance 121
preserve compliance with applicable CODES.
5.6.5 First Aid Room [N/A]
5.6.6 Emergency Exit
5.6.6.1 Exit Routes Emergency exit routes shall be established for both INDOOR AQUATIC FACILITIES
and outdoor AQUATIC FACILITIES and be maintained so that they are well lit, unobstructed, and accessible at
all times. Emergency exits shall be clearly marked in accordance with MAHC 4.6.6.
5.6.7 Plumbing
5.6.7.1A Water Supply
5.6.7.1.1 Water Pressure All plumbing shall be maintained in good repair with no leaks or
discharge.
5.6.7.1.2 Availability Potable water shall be available at all times to PATRONS.
5.6.7.1.3 Cross-Connection Control Water introduced into the POOL, either directly or to the
RECIRCULATION SYSTEM, shall be supplied through an air gap or by another method which will prevent
BACKFLOW and back-siphonage.
5.7.1.1.3A Gutter / Skimmer Pools For gutter or SKIMMER POOLS with main drains, the required
recirculation flow shall be the total design recirculation flow rate divided as follows during normal operation:
1) At least 80% of the total design recirculation flow rate through the Perimeter Overflow System, and
2) No greater than 20% of the total design recirculation flow rate through the main drain.
5.7.1.2 Combined Venue Treatment Each individual AQUATIC VENUE in a combined treatment
system shall meet required TURNOVER TIMES specified in MAHC 5.7.1.9 and achieve all water quality criteria
(including, but not limited to, pH, disinfectant concentration, and water clarity/turbidity).
5.7.1.3A Inlets INLETS shall be checked at least weekly for rate and direction of flow and adjusted as
necessary to produce uniform circulation of water and to facilitate the maintenance of a uniform disinfectant
residual throughout the POOL.
5.7.1.4 Surface Skimming Devices
5.7.1.4.1 Perimeter Overflow The Perimeter Overflow System shall be kept clean and free of
debris that may restrict flow.
5.7.1.4.2 Automatic Fill System The automatic fill system, when installed, shall maintain the
2023 MAHC CODE 5.0 Aquatic Facility Operation and Maintenance 125
water level at an elevation such that the gutters must overflow continuously around the perimeter of the POOL.
5.7.1.4.3 Skimmer Water Levels The water levels shall be maintained near the middle of the
SKIMMER openings.
5.7.1.4.4 Flow The flow through each SKIMMER shall be adjusted to maintain skimming action
that will remove all floating matter from the surface of the water.
5.7.1.4.5 Strainer Baskets The strainer baskets for SKIMMERS shall be cleaned as necessary to
maintain proper skimming.
5.7.1.4.6 Weirs Weirs shall remain in place and in working condition at all times.
5.7.1.4.6.1 Broken or Missing Weirs Broken or missing SKIMMER weirs shall be replaced
immediately.
5.7.1.4.7 Flotation Test A flotation test may be required by the AHJ to evaluate the effectiveness
of surface skimming.
5.7.1.5 Submerged Drains/Suction Outlet Covers or Gratings
5.7.1.5.1 Replaced Loose, broken, or missing suction outlet covers and sumps shall be secured or
replaced immediately and installed in accordance with the manufacturer's requirements.
5.7.1.5.1.1 Closed POOLS shall be closed until the required repairs can be completed.
5.7.1.5.1.2 Close/Open Procedures AQUATIC FACILITIES shall follow procedures for closing
and reopening whenever required as outlined in MAHC 5.4.1.
5.7.1.5.2 Documentation The manufacturer’s documentation on all outlet covers and sumps shall
be made part of the permanent records of the AQUATIC FACILITY.
5.7.1.6A Piping Piping shall be marked in accordance with MAHC 4.9.1.5.1 and 4.9.1.5.2.
5.7.1.7 Strainers & Pumps Strainers shall be in place and cleaned as required to maintain pump
performance.
5.7.1.8A Flow Meters Flow meters in accordance with MAHC 4.7.1.9.1 shall be provided and
maintained in proper working order.
5.7.1.9 Flow Rates / Turnovers
5.7.1.9.1 New Construction or Substantially Altered Venues AQUATIC VENUES constructed
or substantially altered after the adoption of this CODE shall be operated at the designed flow rate to provide
the required TURNOVER RATE 24-hours per day except as allowed in MAHC 4.7.1.10.
5.7.1.9.2 Construction Before Adoption of this Code AQUATIC VENUES constructed before the
adoption of this CODE shall be operated 24 hours per day at their designed flow rate.
5.7.2 Filtration
5.7.2.1 General
5.7.2.1.1 Certified, Listed, and Labeled Filters and filter media shall be CERTIFIED, LISTED, AND
LABELED to NSF/ANSI 50 by an ANSI-accredited certification organization.
5.7.2.1.2 Cleaned Filters shall be backwashed, cleaned, and maintained according to the
manufacturer’s instructions.
5.7.2.2 Granular Media Filters
5.7.2.2.1 Filtration Rates High-rate granular media filters shall be operated at no more than 15
GPM per square foot (36.7 m/h) when a minimum bed depth of 15 inches (38.1 cm) is provided per
2023 MAHC CODE 5.0 Aquatic Facility Operation and Maintenance 126
manufacturer’s instructions.
5.7.2.2.1.1 Less than Fifteen Inch Bed Depth When a bed depth is less than 15 inches (38.1
cm), filters shall operate at no more than 12 GPM per square foot (29.3 m/h). Bed depth shall be measured
from the top of the filter media to the top of the openings in the laterals (or underdrain system).
5.7.2.2.2 Backwashing Rates The granular media filter system shall be backwashed at a rate of
at least 15 GPM per square foot (36.7 m/h) of filter bed surface area unless explicitly prohibited by the filter
manufacturer and/or approved at an alternate rate as specified in the NSF/ANSI 50 listing as per MAHC
4.7.2.2.3.2.
5.7.2.2.3 Clear Water Backwashing should be continued until the water leaving the filter is clear.
5.7.2.2.4A Backwashing Frequency Backwashing of each filter shall be performed at a
differential pressure increase over the initial clean filter pressure, as recommended by the filter manufacturer,
unless the system can no longer achieve the design flow rate.
5.7.2.2.4.1A Backwash Scheduling Backwashes shall be scheduled to take place when the
AQUATIC VENUE is closed for BATHER use.
5.7.2.2.4.1.1 Backwashing Without Bathers Present BATHERS shall not be permitted to
reenter the AQUATIC VENUE until the RESPONSIBLE SUPERVISOR or QUALIFIED OPERATOR ensures that the
recirculation pump and chemical feeders have restarted and run for a minimum of 5 minutes following
completion of backwashing.
5.7.2.2.4.1.2 Backwashing With Bathers Present A filter may be backwashed while
BATHERS are in the AQUATIC VENUE if all of the following criteria are met:
5.7.3.1.4.1 Safety Requirements Facilities using compressed CHLORINE gas shall provide
SAFETY precautions per the following MAHC subsections.
5.7.3.1.4.1.6 Trained Operator Any person who operates such chlorinating equipment
shall be trained in its use.
5.7.3.1.4.1.7 Stop Use Facilities shall stop the use of CHLORINE gas if specific safety
equipment and training requirements, along with all applicable local, state, territorial, federal, and tribal laws,
cannot be met.
5.7.3.1.5A Salt Electrolytic Chlorine Generators, Brine Electrolytic Chlorine or Bromine
Generators
5.7.3.1.5.1 Pool Grade Salt Only POOL grade salt that has been CERTIFIED, LISTED, AND
LABELED to either NSF/ANSI 50 or NSF/ANSI 60 by an ANSI-accredited certification organization, and/or
have an EPA FIFRA registration shall be used.
5.7.3.1.5.2 Maintained The saline content of the POOL water shall be maintained in the required
range specified by the manufacturer.
5.7.3.1.5.3 Cleaning Cleaning of electrolytic plates shall be performed as recommended by the
manufacturer.
5.7.3.1.5.4 Corrosion Protection Corrosion protection systems shall be maintained in the POOL
basin.
5.7.3.2A Secondary or Supplemental Treatment Systems
5.7.3.2.1 Ultraviolet Light
5.7.3.2.1.1 Operate with Recirculation System UV systems shall only operate while the
RECIRCULATION SYSTEM is operating.
5.7.3.2.1.1.1 Response to Interruption in Operation Any interruptions in UV system
operations that are triggered by an interlock per MAHC 4.7.3.2.5.6.2 shall be evaluated as possible evidence
for low flow state of the AQUATIC VENUE pumps, prompting BATHER evacuation according to MAHC
5.7.3.5.1.2.1 and BATHER reentry according to MAHC 5.7.3.5.1.2.2.
5.7.3.2.1.2A Log Inactivation Secondary UV systems shall be operated and maintained not to
exceed the maximum validated flow rate and meet or exceed the minimum validated output intensity needed
to achieve the required dose.
5.7.3.2.1.3 Free Available Chlorine and Bromine Levels Use of UV does not modify any
other water quality requirements.
5.7.3.2.1.4A Calibrated Sensors UV sensors shall be calibrated at a frequency in accordance with
manufacturer recommendations.
5.7.3.2.1.5 Records Records of calibration shall be maintained by the facility.
5.7.3.2.2 Ozone
5.7.3.2.2.1 Log Inactivation Ozone systems shall be operated and maintained according to the
manufacturer’s instructions to maintain the required design performance.
5.7.3.2.2.2 Residual Ozone Concentration Residual ozone concentration in the AQUATIC
VENUE water shall remain below 0.1 ppm (mg/L).
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5.7.3.2.2.3 Free Available Chlorine and Bromine Levels Use of ozone does not modify any
other water quality requirements.
5.7.3.2.2.4 Standard Operating Manual A printed STANDARD operating manual shall be
provided containing information on the operation and maintenance of the ozone generating equipment,
including the responsibilities of workers in an emergency.
5.7.3.2.2.5 Employees Trained All employees shall be properly trained in the operation and
maintenance of the equipment.
5.7.3.2.2.6 Response to Interruption in Operation Any interruptions in ozone system
operations that are triggered by an interlock per MAHC 4.7.3.2.5.6.2 shall be evaluated as possible evidence
for low flow state of the AQUATIC VENUE pumps, prompting BATHER evacuation according to MAHC
5.7.3.5.1.2.1 and BATHER reentry according to MAHC 5.7.3.5.1.2.2.
5.7.3.2.3A Copper / Silver Ions
5.7.3.2.3.1 EPA Registered Only those systems that are EPA REGISTERED for use as
SANITIZERS or disinfectants in AQUATIC VENUES or SPAS in the United States are permitted.
5.7.3.2.3.2 Concentrations Copper and silver concentrations shall not exceed 1.3 ppm (mg/L)
for copper and 0.10 ppm (mg/L) for silver for use as disinfectants in AQUATIC VENUES and SPAS in the United
States.
5.7.3.2.3.3 DPD-FC and Bromine Concentration Levels DPD-FC or bromine concentrations
shall be maintained in accordance with MAHC 5.7.3.1.1 or 5.7.3.1.2, respectively.
5.7.3.3A Other Sanitizers, Disinfectants, or Chemicals Other SANITIZERS, disinfectants, or
chemicals used shall:
1) Be EPA REGISTERED under FIFRA if they are pesticides as defined by EPA,
2) Not create a hazardous condition or compromise disinfectant efficacy when used with required bromine
or CHLORINE concentrations, and
3) Not interfere with water quality measures meeting all criteria set forth in this CODE.
5.7.3.3.1A Chlorine Dioxide CHLORINE dioxide shall only be used for remediation for water
quality issues when the AQUATIC VENUE is closed and BATHERS are not present.
5.7.3.3.1.1 Safety Considerations SAFETY training and SAFETY precautions related to use of
CHLORINE dioxide shall be in place.
5.7.3.7.1.1 Installed An AUTOMATED CONTROLLER shall be required within 1 year from time of
adoption of this CODE.
5.7.3.7.1.2 Interlocked AUTOMATED CONTROLLERS shall be interlocked per MAHC 4.7.3.2.1.3
2023 MAHC CODE 5.0 Aquatic Facility Operation and Maintenance 134
upon adoption of this CODE if existing or upon installation if not existing.
5.7.3.7.2 Sampling The sample line for all probes shall be upstream from all primary,
SECONDARY and SUPPLEMENTAL TREATMENT injection ports or devices.
5.7.3.7.3 Monitor AUTOMATED CONTROLLERS shall be MONITORED in person by visual
observation at the start of the operating day to ensure proper functioning.
5.7.3.7.4 Activities MONITORING shall include activities recommended by manufacturers,
including but not limited to alerts and leaks.
5.7.3.7.5 Replacement Parts Only manufacturer-approved OEM replacement parts shall be used.
5.7.3.7.6 Calibration AUTOMATED CONTROLLERS shall be calibrated per manufacturer directions.
5.7.3.7.7A Ozone System When an ozone system is utilized as a SECONDARY TREATMENT, the
system shall be MONITORED and data recorded at a frequency consistent with MAHC Table 5.7.3.7.7.
Table 5.7.3.7.7: Ozone System Monitoring Frequency
Parameter Monitoring Frequency Recording Frequency
ORP Continuous Every 4 hours
Control System Indicating Ozone Being Created Continuous Every 4 Hours
Operational Indicators in Range Continuous Every 4 hours
Ozone Within 6 inches of Aquatic Venue Water
Annual Annual
Surface
5.7.3.7.7.1 Other Testing At the time the ozone generating equipment is installed, again after 24
hours of operation, and annually thereafter, the air space within 6 inches of the AQUATIC VENUE water shall be
tested to determine compliance of less than 0.1 ppm (mg/L) gaseous ozone.
5.7.3.7.7.1.1 Results Results of the test shall be maintained onsite for review by the AHJ.
5.7.3.7.8A UV Systems When a UV system is utilized as a SECONDARY TREATMENT, the system
shall be MONITORED and data recorded at a frequency consistent with MAHC Table 5.7.3.7.8.
Table 5.7.3.7.8: UV System Monitoring and Calibration Frequency
Parameter Monitoring Frequency Recording Frequency
Flow Rate Monitoring Continuous Every 4 Hours
Intensity Monitoring Continuous Every 4 Hours
Water Temperature Monitoring
Continuous Daily
(Medium Pressure)
Set Point for Intensity Monitoring Continuous Daily
Weekly
UV Lamp On/Off Cycle Monitoring Continuous
(Total Cycles/Week)
Iron, Calcium Hardness Monitoring Weekly (If Fouling is Prevalent) Weekly
Calibration of UVT Analyzer (if used) Per Manufacturer’s Requirements At Time of Calibration
Calibration of Intensity Per Manufacturer’s Requirements At Time of Calibration
Calibration of Flow Meter Per Manufacturer’s Requirements At Time of Calibration
2023 MAHC CODE 5.0 Aquatic Facility Operation and Maintenance 135
5.7.3.7.9 UV Alarm Testing and Maintenance The automated UV shut-down alarm required in
MAHC 4.7.3.3.3.6 shall be tested weekly and maintained as needed.
5.7.4 Water Sample Collection and Testing
5.7.4.1 Sample Collection The QUALIFIED OPERATOR shall ensure a water sample is acquired for
testing from the in-line sample port when available as per MAHC 5.7.5.
5.7.4.1.1 Same Volume If an AQUATIC VENUE has more than one RECIRCULATION SYSTEM, the
same sample volume shall be collected from each in-line sample port and tested separately.
5.7.4.1.2 No Port If no in-line sample port is available, the QUALIFIED OPERATOR shall ensure
water samples from the AQUATIC VENUE are acquired according to MAHC 5.7.4.3.
5.7.4.2 Routine Samples If routine samples are collected from in-line sample ports, the QUALIFIED
OPERATOR shall also ensure water samples are acquired from the bulk water of the AQUATIC VENUE at least
once per day.
5.7.4.2.1 Midday Collection Daily bulk water samples shall be collected in the middle of the
AQUATIC VENUE operational day, according to the procedures in MAHC 5.7.4.3.
5.7.4.2.2 Compared Water quality data from these AQUATIC VENUE samples shall be compared to
data obtained from in-line port samples to assess potential water quality variability in the AQUATIC VENUE.
5.7.4.3A Bulk Water Sample The QUALIFIED OPERATOR shall ensure the following procedure is used
for acquiring a water sample from bulk water of the POOL.
5.7.4.3.1 Obtain Sample All samples shall be obtained from a location with the following
qualities:
1) At least 18 inches (45.7 cm) below the surface of the water,
2) A water depth of 3–4 feet (91.4 cm to 1.2 m) when available, and
3) A location between water INLETS.
5.7.4.3.2 Rotate Sampling locations shall rotate around the shallow end of the POOL.
5.7.4.3.3 Deepest Area The QUALIFIED OPERATOR shall ensure a sample includes a deep end
sample from the AQUATIC VENUE in the water sampling rotation once per week.
5.7.4.4A Aquatic Venue Water Chemical Balance
5.7.4.4.1A Total Alkalinity Total alkalinity shall be maintained in the range of 60 to 180 ppm
(mg/L).
5.7.4.4.2A Combined Chlorine (Chloramines) The owner shall ensure the AQUATIC FACILITY
takes action to reduce the level of COMBINED CHLORINE (chloramines) in the water when the level exceeds 0.4
ppm (mg/L). Such actions may include but are not limited to:
1) Superchlorination,
2) Water exchange, or
3) PATRON adherence to appropriate BATHER hygiene practices.
5.7.4.4.3A Calcium Hardness Calcium hardness shall not exceed 2500 ppm (mg/L).
5.7.4.4.4A Algaecides Algaecides may be used in an AQUATIC VENUE provided:
1) The product is labeled as an algaecide for AQUATIC VENUE or SPA use;
2) The product is used in strict compliance with label instructions; and
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3) The product is registered with the EPA and applicable state agency.
5.7.4.5A Source (Fill) Water The owner of a public AQUATIC VENUE, public SPA, or SPECIAL USE
AQUATIC VENUE shall ensure that the water supply for the facility meets one of the following requirements:
1) The water comes from a PUBLIC WATER SYSTEM as defined by the applicable rules of the AHJ in which
the facility is located;
2) The water meets the requirements of the AHJ for PUBLIC WATER SYSTEMS; or
3) The AHJ has approved an alternative water source for use in the AQUATIC FACILITY.
5.7.4.6A Water Balance for Aquatic Venues AQUATIC VENUE water shall be chemically balanced.
5.7.4.7A Water Temperature
5.7.4.7.1 Minimize Risk and Protect Safety Water temperatures shall be considered and
planned for based on risk, SAFETY, priority facility usage, and age of participants, while managing water
quality concerns.
5.7.4.7.2A Maximum Temperature The maximum temperature for an AQUATIC VENUE is 104º F
(40°C).
5.7.5A Water Quality Chemical Testing Frequency
5.7.5.1A Chemical Parameters DPD-FC, COMBINED AVAILABLE CHLORINE (CAC), or TOTAL
BROMINE (TB), and pH shall be tested at all AQUATIC VENUES prior to opening each day.
5.7.5.2 Manual Disinfectant Feed System For all AQUATIC VENUES using a manual disinfectant
feed system that delivers disinfectant via a flow through erosion feeder or metering pump without an
AUTOMATED CONTROLLER, DPD-FC or bromine and pH shall be tested prior to opening to the public and
every 2 hours while open to the public.
5.7.5.3 Automatic Disinfectant Feed System For all AQUATIC VENUES using an automated
disinfectant feed system, DPD-FC (or TB) and pH shall be tested prior to opening and every 4 hours while
open to the public.
5.7.5.4 In-Line ORP Readings In-line ORP readings, if such systems are installed, shall be recorded
at the same time the DPD-FC (or TB) and pH tests are performed.
5.7.5.5 Total Alkalinity Total Alkalinity (TA) shall be tested weekly at all AQUATIC VENUES.
5.7.5.6 Calcium Hardness Calcium hardness shall be tested monthly at all AQUATIC VENUES.
5.7.5.7 Cyanuric Acid CYA shall be tested monthly at all AQUATIC VENUES utilizing CYA.
5.7.5.7.1 Tested CYA shall be tested 24 hours after the addition of CYA to the AQUATIC VENUE.
5.7.5.7.2 Stabilized Chlorine If AQUATIC VENUES utilize stabilized CHLORINE as its primary
disinfectant, the operator shall measure CYA concentrations weekly or more frequently as necessary to ensure
compliance with MAHC 5.7.3.
5.7.5.8 Saturation Index The SATURATION INDEX shall be checked monthly.
5.7.5.9 Total Dissolved Solids TDS shall be tested quarterly at all AQUATIC VENUES.
5.7.5.10 Water Temperature For heated AQUATIC VENUES, water temperature shall be recorded at
the same time the DPD-FC (or TB) and pH tests are performed.
5.7.5.11 Salt If in-line electrolytic chlorinators are used, salt levels shall be tested at least weekly or per
manufacturer’s instructions.
5.7.5.12 Copper/Silver Systems Copper and silver shall be tested daily at all AQUATIC VENUES
2023 MAHC CODE 5.0 Aquatic Facility Operation and Maintenance 137
utilizing copper/silver systems as a SUPPLEMENTAL TREATMENT system.
5.7.6A Water Clarity
5.7.6.1 Water Clarity The water in an AQUATIC VENUE shall be sufficiently clear such that the
bottom is visible while the water is static at all times the AQUATIC VENUE is open or available for use.
5.7.6.1.1 Reference Tile The reference tile required in MAHC 4.5.1.2.1 through 4.5.1.2.4 shall be
used to observe water clarity.
5.7.6.1.2 No Reference Tile In the absence of a reference tile or suction outlet, an alternate
means of achieving the goal of observing the bottom of the pool may be permitted.
5.7.6.2 Visible This reference point shall be visible at all times at any point on the DECK up to 30 feet
(9.1 m) away in a direct line of sight from the tile or main drain.
5.7.6.2.1 Spas For SPAS, this test shall be performed when the water is in a non-turbulent state and
bubbles have been allowed to dissipate.
5.9.1.14 Warning Signs Warning signs in compliance with NFPA or HMIS ratings shall be posted on
CHEMICAL STORAGE SPACE doors.
5.9.2 Chemical Handling
5.9.2.1 Identity Containers of chemicals shall be labeled, tagged, or marked with the identity of the
material and a statement of the hazardous effects of the chemical according to OSHA or EPA materials
labeling requirements.
5.9.2.1.1 Labeling All AQUATIC VENUE chemical containers shall be labeled according to OSHA
or EPA materials labeling requirements.
5.9.2.2 NSF Standard The chemical equipment used in controlling the quality of water shall be
CERTIFIED, LISTED, AND LABELED to NSF/ANSI 50 by an ANSI-accredited certification organization and used
only in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.
5.9.2.3 Measuring Devices Chemicals shall be measured using a dedicated measuring device where
applicable.
5.9.2.3.1 Clean and Dry These measuring devices shall be clean, dry, and constructed of material
compatible with the chemical to be measured to prevent the introduction of incompatible chemicals.
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5.9.2.4 Chemical Addition Methods
5.9.2.4.1 Automatically Introduced DISINFECTION and pH control chemicals shall be
automatically introduced through the RECIRCULATION SYSTEM.
5.9.2.4.1.1 Manual Addition SUPERCHLORINATION or shock chemicals and other POOL
chemicals other than DISINFECTION and pH control may be added manually to the POOL.
5.9.2.4.1.2 Absence of Bathers Chemicals added manually directly into the AQUATIC VENUE
shall only be introduced in the absence of BATHERS.
5.9.2.4.2 Safety Requirements Treatment chemicals shall be added in strict adherence to the
manufacturer’s use instructions to ensure levels in the water are safe for human exposure. Refer to MAHC
5.7.3.
5.9.2.4.2.1 Diluted Whenever required by the manufacturer, chemicals shall be diluted (or
mixed with water) prior to application and as per the manufacturer’s directions.
5.9.2.4.2.2 Added Chemicals shall be added to water when diluting as opposed to adding water
to a concentrated chemical.
5.9.2.4.2.3 Mixed Each chemical shall be mixed in a separate, labeled container.
5.9.2.4.2.3.1 Never Mixed Together Two or more chemicals shall never be mixed in the
same dilution water.
5.10.4.3.4 No Soap Soap dispensers and soap shall be prohibited at RINSE SHOWERS.
5.10.4.4 All Showers [N/A]
5.10.4.5A Diaper-Changing Stations DIAPER-CHANGING STATIONS are required in all AQUATIC
FACILITIES upon adoption of this CODE per MAHC 4.10.4.5.1.
5.10.4.5.1 Hand Wash Sink Installed and Operational The adjacent handwashing sink shall be
installed and operational within 1 year from the date of the AHJ’s adoption of the MAHC.
5.10.4.5.2 Cleaned DIAPER-CHANGING STATIONS shall be cleaned and disinfected daily and more
often if necessary to provide a clean and sanitary environment.
5.10.4.5.2.1 Maintained They shall be maintained in good condition and free of visible
contamination.
5.10.4.5.3 Disinfectant EPA–REGISTERED disinfectant shall be provided in the form of either of
the following:
1) A solution in a spray dispenser with paper towels and dispenser, or
2) Wipes contained within a dispenser.
5.10.4.5.3.1 Covers If disposable DIAPER-CHANGING UNIT covers are provided in addition to
disinfectant, they shall cover the DIAPER-CHANGING UNIT surface during use and keep the unit in clean
condition.
5.10.4.5.4 Portable Handwashing Station If a portable HANDWASHING STATION is provided for
use it shall be operational and maintained in good condition at all times.
5.10.4.6A Non-Plumbing Fixture Requirements
5.10.4.6.1 Paper Towels If paper towels are used for hand drying, a dispenser and paper towels
shall be provided for use at HANDWASHING STATIONS.
5.10.4.6.2 Soap Soap dispensers shall be provided at HANDWASHING STATIONS and CLEANSING
SHOWERS and shall be kept full of liquid or granular soap.
5.10.4.6.2.1 Bar Soap Bar soap shall be prohibited.
5.10.4.6.3 Trash A minimum of one hands-free trash receptacle shall be provided in areas adjacent
to handwashing sinks.
5.10.4.6.3.1 Trash Emptying Trash receptacles shall be emptied daily and more often if
necessary to provide a clean and sanitary environment.
5.10.4.6.4 Floor Coverings Non-permanent floor coverings (including but not limited to mats and
racks) shall be removable and maintained in accordance with MAHC 5.10.4.1.1.
5.10.4.6.4.1 Wood Wooden racks, duckboards, and wooden mats shall be prohibited on HYGIENE
FACILITY and dressing area flooring.
5.10.4.7 Sharps
5.10.4.7.1 Biohazard Action Plan A biohazard action plan shall also be on file as required by all
applicable local, state, territorial, federal, and tribal laws and as part of the AQUATIC FACILITY SAFETY PLAN.
5.10.4.7.2 Disposed Sharps within approved containers shall be disposed of as needed by the
2023 MAHC CODE 5.0 Aquatic Facility Operation and Maintenance 144
AQUATIC FACILITY in accordance with all applicable local, state, territorial, federal, and tribal laws.
5.10.5 Provision of Suits, Towels, and Shared Equipment
5.10.5.1A Towels All towels provided by the AQUATIC FACILITY shall be washed with detergent in warm
water, rinsed, and thoroughly dried at the warmest temperature listed on the fabric label after each use.
5.10.5.2 Suits Any attire provided by the AQUATIC FACILITY shall be washed in accordance with the
fabric label or manufacturer’s instructions.
5.10.5.3 Receptacles Non-absorbent, easily cleanable receptacles shall be provided for collection of
used suits and towels.
5.10.5.4A Shared Equipment Cleaned and Sanitized Equipment provided by the AQUATIC
FACILITY that comes into contact with BATHER’s eyes, nose, ears, and mouth (including but not limited to
snorkels, nose clips, and goggles) shall be cleaned, SANITIZED between uses, and stored in a manner to
prevent biological growth.
5.10.5.5A Other Equipment Other shared equipment provided by the AQUATIC FACILITY, including but
not limited to fins, kickboards, tubes, lifejackets, and noodles, shall be kept clean and stored in a manner to
prevent mold and other biological growth.
5.10.5.6 Good Repair Shared equipment shall be maintained in good repair.
5.10.5.7 Used Equipment Used and un-SANITIZED shared equipment shall be kept separate from
cleaned and SANITIZED shared equipment.
5.10.5.7.1 Receptacles Non-absorbent, easily cleanable receptacles shall be provided for collection
of used shared equipment.
6.0.1.7 Training Records Records of all training shall be recorded and maintained on file.
6.0.1.8A Body Fluid Exposure Employees assigned to roles which have the potential for an
occupational exposure to bloodborne pathogens, pathogens that cause RWIs, or other pathogens shall be
trained to recognize and respond to body fluid (blood, feces, vomit) releases in and around the AQUATIC
VENUE area.
6.0.1.9 Exposure Control Program Employers shall have an Exposure Control Program for
bloodborne pathogens as required by OSHA 29 CFR 1910.1030.
6.0.1.10 Personal Protective Equipment Provided and Disposed PPE shall be provided and
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properly disposed.
2) Details of water balance including pH, total alkalinity, calcium hardness, temperature, and TDS.
6.1.2.1.2.3 Saturation Index SATURATION INDEX including calculations, ideal values, and
effects of values which are too low or too high.
6.1.2.1.2.4 Water Clarity Water clarity including:
1) Reasons why water quality is so important,
2) Causes of poor water clarity,
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3) Maintenance of good water clarity, and
4) Closure requirements when water clarity is poor.
6.1.2.1.2.5 pH pH including:
1) How pH is a measure of the concentration of hydrogen ions in water,
2) Effects of high and low pH on BATHERS and equipment,
3) Ideal pH range for BATHER and equipment,
4) Factors that affect pH,
5) How pH affects disinfectant efficacy, and
6) How to decrease and increase pH.
6.1.2.1.2.6 Total Alkalinity Total alkalinity including:
1) How total alkalinity relates to pH,
2) Effects of low and high total alkalinity,
3) Factors that affect total alkalinity,
4) Ideal total alkalinity range, and
5) How to increase or decrease total alkalinity.
6.1.2.1.2.7 Calcium Hardness Calcium hardness including:
1) Why water naturally contains calcium,
2) How calcium hardness relates to total hardness and temperature,
3) Effects of low and high calcium hardness,
4) Factors that affect calcium hardness,
5) Ideal calcium hardness range, and
6) How to increase or decrease calcium hardness.
6.1.2.1.2.8 Temperature Water temperature including:
1) How low and high water temperatures increase the likelihood of corrosion and scaling, respectively;
2) Effect on DISINFECTION, its health effects, and other operational considerations;
3) Health effects; and
4) Other operational considerations.
6.1.2.1.2.9 Total Dissolved Solids TDS including:
1) Why the concentration of TDS increases over time,
2) Association with conductivity and organic CONTAMINANTS, and
3) Key TDS levels as they relate to starting up an AQUATIC FACILITY and galvanic corrosion.
6.1.2.1.2.10 Water Treatment Systems Water treatment systems including:
1) Descriptions of system use, MONITORING, calibration, and maintenance of automatic controllers;
2) Descriptions of common types of liquid, dry chemical, and gas mechanical feeders;
3) CHLORINE, bromine, and ozone generators;
2023 MAHC CODE 6.0 Policies and Management 151
4) UV light systems;
5) Unique features of feeders, generators, and systems;
6) How to generally operate and maintain them;
7) Advantages and disadvantages of different feeders, UV light systems, and ozonator types; and
8) Alternate treatment methods.
6.1.2.1.2.11 Water Testing Water testing including:
1) How different methods (including but not limited to colorimetric, titrimetric, turbidimetric, and
electronic) test water to determine the following levels:
a. DPD-FC and TOTAL AVAILABLE CHLORINE,
b. TOTAL BROMINE,
c. pH,
d. Total alkalinity,
e. Calcium hardness,
f. Temperature,
g. TDS,
h. CYA,
i. Metals, and
j. Any other tests (including but not limited to salt concentrations, phosphates, nitrates, potassium
monopersulfate, copper, iron, and bacterial testing);
2) The advantages and disadvantages of each method;
3) How to maintain testing equipment;
4) How to collect water samples;
5) How to perform and interpret tests;
6) How frequently to test;
7) The steps of the dilution method; and
8) How to calculate COMBINED CHLORINE levels.
6.1.2.1.3 Mechanical Systems Course work for mechanical systems shall include:
1) Calculations,
2) Circulation,
3) Main drains,
4) Gutters and surface SKIMMERS,
5) Mechanical system balance,
6) Circulation pump and motor,
7) Valve,
8) Return INLETS,
9) Filtration, and
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10) Filter backwashing/cleaning.
6.1.2.1.3.1 Maintenance Calculations Calculations including:
1) Explanations of why particular calculations are important;
2) How to convert units of measurement within and between the English and metric systems;
3) How to determine the surface area of regularly and irregularly shape AQUATIC VENUES;
4) How to determine the water volume of regularly and irregularly shaped AQUATIC VENUES; and
5) Why proper sizing of filters, pumps, pipes, and feeders is important.
6.1.2.1.3.2 Circulation Circulation including:
1) Why circulation is needed;
2) Factors that affect water flow;
3) How direct suction and overflow systems work;
4) How to calculate TURNOVER and flow rates;
5) How the following components of the circulation system relate to each other:
a. Main drains,
b. Gutters and surface SKIMMERS,
c. Circulation pump and motor,
d. Surge tanks,
e. Vacuum ports,
f. Valves, and
g. Return INLETS;
6) How to read flow meters;
7) How to safely operate pressurized systems after the pump;
8) Information on dye testing;
9) An understanding of TDH;
10) How it TDH calculated;
11) How TDH is field-determined using vacuum and pressure gauges;
12) TDH effect on pump flow; and
13) Cross-connections.
6.1.2.1.3.3 Main Drains Main drains including:
1) A description of the role of main drains,
2) Why they should not be resized without engineering and public health consultation,
3) The importance of daily inspection of structural integrity, and
4) Discussion on balancing the need to maximize surface water flow while minimizing the likelihood of
entrapment.
6.1.2.1.3.4 Gutters & Surface Skimmers Gutters and surface SKIMMERS including:
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1) Why it is important to collect surface water,
2) A description of different gutter types (at a minimum: scum, surge, and rim-flow),
3) How each type generally works,
4) The advantages and disadvantages of each, and
5) Description of the components of SKIMMERS (e.g., weir, basket, and equalizer assembly) and their
respective roles.
6.1.2.1.3.5 Mechanical System Balance Mechanical system balance including:
1) An understanding of mechanical system balancing,
2) Methodology for setting proper operational water levels,
3) Basic hydraulics which affect proper functioning of the balance tank and AQUATIC VENUE,
4) Methods of setting and adjusting modulation valves,
5) Balance lines,
6) Skimmers,
7) Main drains,
8) The operation of the water make-up system,
9) Collector tanks/gravity drainage systems, and
10) Automatic controllers.
6.1.2.1.3.6 Circulation Pump & Motor Circulation pump and motor including:
1) Descriptions of the role of the pump and motor,
2) Self-priming and flooded suction pumps,
3) Key components of a pump and how they work together,
4) Cavitation,
5) Possible causes of cavitation, and
6) Troubleshooting problems with the pump and motor.
6.1.2.1.3.7 Valves Valves including descriptions of different types of valves (e.g., gate, ball,
butterfly/wafer, multi-port, globe, modulating / automatic, and check) and their safe operation.
6.1.2.1.3.8 Return Inlets Return INLETS including a description of the role of return INLETS and
the importance of replacing fittings with those that meet original specifications.
6.1.2.1.3.9 Filtration Filtration including:
1) Why filtration is needed;
2) A description of pressure and vacuum filters and different types of filter media;
3) How to calculate filter surface area;
4) How to read pressure gauges;
5) A general description of sand, cartridge, and diatomaceous earth filters and alternative filter media types
to include, at a minimum, perlite, zeolite, and crushed glass;
6) The characteristic flow rates and particle size entrapment of each filter type;
7) How to generally operate and maintain each filter type;
2023 MAHC CODE 6.0 Policies and Management 154
8) Troubleshooting problems with the filter; and
9) The advantages and disadvantages of different filters and filter media.
6.1.2.1.3.10 Filter Backwashing/Cleaning Filter backwashing/cleaning including:
1) Determining and setting proper backwash flow rates,
2) When backwashing/cleaning should be done and the steps needed for clearing a filter of fine particles and
other CONTAMINANTS,
3) Proper disposal of wastewater from backwash, and
4) What additional FIXTURES/equipment may be needed (i.e., sump, separation tank).
6.1.2.1.4A Health and Safety Course work for health and SAFETY shall include:
1) Recreational water illness,
2) RWI prevention,
3) Risk management,
4) Record keeping,
5) Chemical SAFETY,
6) Entrapment prevention,
7) Electrical SAFETY,
8) Rescue equipment,
9) Injury prevention,
10) Drowning prevention,
11) BARRIERS and ENCLOSURES,
12) Signage and depth markers,
13) Facility sanitation,
14) Emergency response, and
15) Surveillance and supervision.
6.1.2.1.4.1A Recreational Water Illness Recreational water illness (RWI) including:
1) How water can contain or become contaminated with parasites, bacteria, viruses, fungi, DBPS, or unsafe
levels of chemicals and
2) The role of the operator in reducing risk.
6.1.2.1.4.2 Causes of RWIs Common infectious and chemical causes of RWIs, including but
not limited to:
1) Diarrheal illness (Cryptosporidium, Giardia, Shigella, and norovirus),
2) Skin rashes (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, molluscum contagiosum virus),
3) Respiratory illness (Legionella),
4) Neurologic infections (echovirus, Naegleria),
5) Eye/ear illness (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, adenovirus, Acanthamoeba),
6) Hypersensitivity reactions (Mycobacterium avium complex, Pontiac fever, endotoxins), and
2023 MAHC CODE 6.0 Policies and Management 155
7) Health effects of chloramines and DBPS.
6.1.2.1.4.3A RWI Prevention Recreational water illness (RWI) prevention including:
1) Methods of prevention of RWIs, including but not limited to chemical level control;
2) Why public health, operators, and PATRONS need to be educated about RWIs and collaborate on RWI
prevention;
3) The role of showering;
4) The efficacy of swim diapers;
5) Formed-stool and diarrheal fecal incident response; and
6) Developing a plan to minimize pathogen and other biological (e.g., blood, vomit, sweat, urine, and skin
and hair care products) contamination of the water.
6.1.2.1.4.4 Risk Management Risk management including techniques that identify hazards and
risks and that prevent illness and injuries associated with AQUATIC FACILITIES open to the public.
6.1.2.1.4.5 Record Keeping Record keeping including the need to keep accurate and timely
records of the following areas:
1) Operational conditions (e.g., water chemistry, water temperature, filter pressure differential, flow meter
reading, and water clarity),
2) Maintenance performed (e.g., backwashing, change of equipment),
3) Incidents and response (e.g., fecal incidents in the water and injuries), and
4) Staff training and attendance.
6.1.2.1.4.6A Chemical Safety Chemical SAFETY including steps to safely store and handle
chemicals including:
1) How to read labels and SDS,
2) How to prevent individual chemicals and inorganic and organic CHLORINE products from mixing together
or with other substances (including water) or in chemical feeders, and
3) Use of PPE.
6.1.2.1.4.7A Entrapment Prevention Entrapment prevention including:
1) Different types of entrapment (e.g., hair, limb, body, evisceration/disembowelment, and mechanical),
2) How to prevent and/or decrease likelihood of entrapment, and
3) Requirements of the VGB Act.
6.1.2.1.4.8 Electrical Safety Electrical SAFETY including possible causes of electrical shock and
steps that can be taken to prevent electrical shock (e.g., bonding, grounding, GROUND-FAULT CIRCUIT
INTERRUPTERS, and prevention of accidental immersion of electrical devices).
6.1.2.1.4.9 Rescue Equipment Rescue equipment including a description and rationale for the
most commonly found rescue equipment including:
1) Rescue tubes,
2) Reaching poles,
3) Ring buoys and throwing lines,
4) Backboards,
5) First aid kits,
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6) Emergency alert systems,
7) Emergency phones with current numbers posted, and
8) Resuscitation equipment.
6.1.2.1.4.10 Injury Prevention Injury prevention including basic steps known to decrease the
likelihood of injury, at a minimum:
1) Banning glass containers at AQUATIC FACILITIES,
2) PATRON education, and
3) Daily visual inspection for hazards.
6.1.2.1.4.11 Drowning Prevention Drowning prevention including causes and prevention of
drowning.
6.1.2.1.4.12 Enclosures ENCLOSURES including descriptions of how fences, gates, doors, and
safety covers can be used to prevent access to water; and basics of design that effectively prevent access to
water.
6.1.2.1.4.13 Signage & Depth Markers Signage and depth markers including the importance of
maintaining signage and depth markers.
6.1.2.1.4.14 Facility Sanitation Facility sanitation including:
1) Steps to clean and disinfect all surfaces that PATRONS would commonly come in contact with (e.g., DECK,
restrooms, and DIAPER-CHANGING STATIONS) and
2) Procedures for implementation of MAHC 6.5: Fecal-Vomit-Blood Contamination Response, in relation to
responding to a body fluid spill on these surfaces.
6.1.2.1.4.15 Emergency Response Plan Emergency response plan including:
1) Steps to respond to emergencies (at a minimum, severe weather events, drowning or injury,
contamination of the water, chemical incidents) and
2) Communication and coordination with emergency responders and local health department notification as
part of an EAP.
6.1.2.1.5A Operations Course work for operations shall include:
1) Regulations;
2) The role of local, state, territorial, and tribal health departments;
3) Aquatic facility types;
4) Daily/routine operations;
5) Preventive maintenance;
6) Weatherizing;
7) AQUATIC FACILITY renovation and design;
8) Heating;
9) Air circulation; and
10) Spa and therapy pool issues.
6.1.2.1.5.1 Regulations Regulations including applicable local, state, territorial, federal, and
tribal laws and STANDARDS relating to the operation of AQUATIC FACILITIES.
6.1.2.1.5.1.1 Immediate Closure Course work shall also highlight reasons why an
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inspector or operator would immediately close an AQUATIC FACILITY.
6.1.2.1.5.2 Health Departments Duties and responsibilities of local, state, territorial, and tribal
health departments including stressing the importance of a good working relationship with the health
department.
6.1.2.1.5.3 Aquatic Facility Types AQUATIC FACILITY types including common AQUATIC
VENUE types and settings and a discussion of features and play equipment that require specific operation and
maintenance steps.
6.1.2.1.5.4A Daily/Routine Operations Daily/routine operations including listing and describing
the daily inspection and maintenance requirements of an AQUATIC FACILITY including, but not limited to
items listed:
1) Walkways/DECK and exits are clear, clean, free of debris;
2) Drain covers, vacuum fitting covers, SKIMMER equalizer covers, and any other suction outlet covers are in
place, secure, and unbroken;
3) SKIMMER baskets, weirs, lids, flow adjusters, and suction outlets are free of any blockage;
4) INLET and return covers and any other fittings are in place, secure, and unbroken;
5) Safety warning signs and other signage are in place and in good repair;
6) Entrapment prevention systems are operational;
7) Recirculation, DISINFECTION systems, controller(s), and probes are operating as required;
8) SECONDARY TREATMENT or SUPPLEMENTAL TREATMENT systems are operating as required;
9) Underwater lights and other lighting are intact with no exposed wires or water in lights;
10) Slime and biofilm have been removed from accessible surfaces of AQUATIC VENUE, SLIDES, and other
AQUATIC FEATURES;
11) Doors to nonpublic areas (CHEMICAL STORAGE SPACES, offices, etc.) are locked;
12) First aid supplies are stocked;
13) Emergency communication equipment and systems are operational;
14) Fecal/vomit/blood incident CONTAMINATION RESPONSE PLANS, materials, and equipment are available;
15) AQUATIC FEATURES and amenities are functioning in accordance with the manufacturer's
recommendations;
16) Fencing/ENCLOSURES, gates, and self-latching or other locks are tested and are intact and functioning
properly, and ENCLOSURES do not have nearby furniture to encourage climbing;
17) Drinking fountains are clean and in functional condition;
18) Electrical devices are in good working condition and meet the requirements specified in the MAHC;
19) Alarms, if required, are tested and functioning properly;
20) Assessing glare conditions throughout operating hours to assess whether the bottom and objects in the
POOL are clearly visible;
5) MONITORING lifeguard performance as it relates to lifeguard and facility-specific training, including pre-
service assessments,
6) Strategies to reduce risk and mitigate the health and SAFETY hazards to both the PATRONS and the staff,
7) Knowledge of the legal issues and responsibilities relating to lifeguarding as listed in MAHC 6.2.1.1.5,
and
8) Knowledge of the proper use and maintenance of the equipment required per MAHC 5.8.5.
6.2.2.3 Lifeguard Supervisor Training Delivery
6.2.2.3.1A Standardized and Comprehensive
6.2.2.3.1.1 Traditional and Blended Courses For traditional and blended learning courses, the
educational delivery system shall include standardized student and instructor content and delivery to convey
all topics including but not limited to those listed per MAHC 6.2.2.2.
6.2.2.3.1.2 E-Learning Courses For e-learning courses, the educational delivery system shall
include defined learning objectives, and standardized student content and delivery to convey all topics
including but not limited to those listed per MAHC 6.2.2.2.
6.2.2.3.2A Sufficient Time
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6.2.2.3.2.1 Traditional and Blended Courses For traditional and blended learning classes,
course length shall provide sufficient time to cover content, demonstration, skill practice, and evaluate
competency for the topics listed in MAHC 6.2.2.2.
6.2.2.3.2.2 E-Learning Courses For e-learning courses, course length shall provide sufficient
time to cover content, provide for online activities relating to content as necessary to reinforce comprehension
of learning objectives, and assessments sufficient to evaluate competency for the topics listed in MAHC
6.2.2.2.
6.2.2.3.3 Course Setting LIFEGUARD SUPERVISOR training courses shall be:
1) Taught in person by a trained LIFEGUARD SUPERVISOR instructor,
2) Blended learning offerings with electronic content deliverables created, and presented by, and in-person
portions taught by, trained LIFEGUARD SUPERVISOR instructors, or
3) Online offerings created and presented by trained LIFEGUARD SUPERVISOR instructors.
6.2.2.3.4A Lifeguard Supervisor Course Instructor Certification LIFEGUARD SUPERVISOR
course instructors shall be certified through a training agency or by the facility whose training programs meets
the requirements specified in MAHC 6.2.2.
6.2.2.3.4.1 Lifeguard Supervisor Course Instructor LIFEGUARD SUPERVISOR course shall be
taught by trained LIFEGUARD SUPERVISOR instructors through a training agency or by the facility whose
training programs meets the requirements specified in MAHC 6.2.2.
6.2.2.3.4.2A Minimum Prerequisites Course providers shall develop minimum instructor
prerequisites that include, but are not limited to:
1) Successful completion of a lifeguard training course in the past;
2) Successful completion of a LIFEGUARD SUPERVISOR training course that complies with MAHC 6.2.2.2;
3) Ability to effectively communicate in English;
4) Has completed a LIFEGUARD SUPERVISOR instructor training course which includes, at a minimum, the
following:
a. Mastery and knowledge of LIFEGUARD SUPERVISOR training course content,
b. Demonstration of the ability to effectively deliver LIFEGUARD SUPERVISOR training course
content,
c. An evaluation and feedback process to improve instructor candidate presentation
skills/techniques,
d. Course management and administration procedures, and
e. Testing and evaluation procedures.
6.2.2.3.4.3A Quality Control Course provider shall have a quality control system in place for
evaluating a LIFEGUARD SUPERVISOR instructor’s ability to conduct courses.
6.2.2.3.4.4 Lifeguard Supervisor Renewal & Recertification LIFEGUARD SUPERVISOR training
agencies shall have a LIFEGUARD SUPERVISOR instructor renewal/recertification process.
6.2.2.4 Competency and Certificate of Completion
6.2.2.4.1A Lifeguard Supervisor Proficiency LIFEGUARD SUPERVISOR training course providers
shall have a method to evaluate proficiency of the content in MAHC 6.2.2.2.
6.2.2.4.2A Lifeguard Supervisor Certificate of Completion LIFEGUARD SUPERVISOR
certificates of completion shall be issued by the course provider to recognize successful completion of the
course as per the requirements of MAHC 6.2.2.2.
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6.2.2.4.3 Number of Years Length of valid certification shall be a maximum of 2 years.
6.3.1.2 Contracted Off-site Qualified Operators All other AQUATIC FACILITIES shall have an
onsite QUALIFIED OPERATOR immediately available within 2 hours or a contract with a QUALIFIED OPERATOR
for a minimum of weekly visits and assistance whenever needed.
6.3.1.2.1 Visit Documentation Written documentation of these visits for contracted off-site
QUALIFIED OPERATOR visits and assistance consultations shall be available at the AQUATIC FACILITY for
review by the AHJ.
6.3.1.2.2 Documentation Details The written documentation shall indicate the checking,
MONITORING, and testing outlined in MAHC 6.4.1.2.
6.3.1.2.3 Visit Corrective Actions The written documentation shall indicate what corrective
actions, if any, were taken by the contracted off-site QUALIFIED OPERATOR during the scheduled visits or
assistance requests.
6.3.1.2.4 Onsite Responsible Supervisor All AQUATIC FACILITIES without a full time onsite
QUALIFIED OPERATOR shall have a designated onsite RESPONSIBLE SUPERVISOR.
6.3.1.2.5A Onsite Responsible Supervisor Duties The designated onsite RESPONSIBLE
SUPERVISOR shall:
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1) Be capable of testing and recording the water quality parameters required by this CODE,
2) Know how to make adjustments, as needed, to maintain required water quality parameters required by
this CODE,
3) Know general maintenance procedures as required by daily operational verifications or adjustments
required by this CODE,
4) Know when the AQUATIC FACILITY or individual AQUATIC VENUE should be closed, and
5) Know how and when to contact the contracted off-site QUALIFIED OPERATOR.
6.3.2 Aquatic Facilities Requiring Qualified Lifeguards AQUATIC VENUES with standing water
and with any of the following conditions listed in MAHC 6.3.2.1 shall be required to have a lifeguard(s) sufficient
to meet the requirements of MAHC section 6.3.3.1 conducting PATRON surveillance at all times the AQUATIC
VENUE is open.
6.3.2.1A List of Aquatic Facilities Requiring Qualified Lifeguards Note: This list includes but
shall not be limited to the following:
1) For new construction occurring from the date of acceptance of this CODE, any AQUATIC VENUE deeper
than 5 feet (1.5 m) at any point;
2) Any AQUATIC VENUE that allows for unsupervised children under the age of 14 years;
3) Any AQUATIC VENUE while it is being used for the recreation of youth groups, including but not limited to
childcare usage or school groups;
4) Any AQUATIC VENUE while it is being used for group training must have dedicated lifeguards on DECK for
class surveillance, sufficient to meet the requirements of MAHC 6.3.3.1, including but not limited to
competitive swimming and/or sports, lifeguard training, exercise programs, and swimming lessons;
5) Any AQUATIC VENUE with a configuration in which any point on the AQUATIC VENUE surface exceeds 30
feet (9.1 m) from the nearest DECK;
6) Any AQUATIC VENUE with an induced current or wave action including but not limited to WAVE POOLS
and LAZY RIVERS;
7) Waterslide landing pools;
8) Any AQUATIC VENUE in which BATHERS enter the water from any height above the DECK including but
not limited to diving boards, DROP SLIDES, starting platforms, and/or climbing walls. This includes POOL
SLIDES that discharge into water depths deeper than 5 feet (1.5 m); and
9) Any AQUATIC FACILITY that sells or serves alcohol within the AQUATIC VENUE ENCLOSURE, during the
periods when alcohol is sold or served.
6.3.3A Safety Plan All AQUATIC FACILITIES shall create and implement a SAFETY PLAN to include, but not
be limited to the following elements:
1) Staffing plan,
2) EAP,
3) Biohazard action plan,
4) Pre-service training plan, and
5) In-service training plan.
6.3.3.1A Code Compliance Staff Plan Staffing plans shall designate person(s) as members of the
SAFETY TEAM and person(s) for the following responsibilities:
1) Identifying and communicating health and SAFETY hazards;
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2) Mitigating health and SAFETY hazards and closing the facility, if needed;
3) Interfacing with the AHJ related to the requirements of this CODE;
4) Maintaining water quality and, if required, air quality;
5) Enforcing the AQUATIC FACILITY rules and regulations;
6) Responding to reported emergencies;
7) Supervising the SAFETY TEAM;
8) Conducting pre-service evaluations; and
9) Conducting in-service training.
6.3.3.1.1A Zone of Patron Surveillance When QUALIFIED LIFEGUARDS are used, the staffing plan
shall include diagrammed zones of PATRON surveillance for each AQUATIC VENUE such that:
1) The QUALIFIED LIFEGUARD is capable of viewing the entire area of the assigned zone of PATRON
surveillance;
2) The QUALIFIED LIFEGUARD is able to reach the furthest extent of the assigned zone of PATRON
surveillance within 20 seconds;
3) Identify whether the QUALIFIED LIFEGUARD is in an elevated stand, walking, in-water and/or other
approved position;
4) Identifying any additional responsibilities for each zone; and
5) All areas of each AQUATIC VENUE are assigned a zone of PATRON surveillance.
6.3.3.1.2A Rotation Procedures When QUALIFIED LIFEGUARDS are used, the staffing plan shall
include QUALIFIED LIFEGUARD rotation procedures such that:
1) Identifying all zones of PATRON surveillance responsibility at the AQUATIC FACILITY,
2) Operating in a manner so as to provide an alternation of tasks such that no QUALIFIED LIFEGUARD
conducts PATRON surveillance activities for more than 60 continuous minutes, and
3) Have a practice of maintaining coverage of the zone of PATRON surveillance during the change of the
QUALIFIED LIFEGUARD.
6.3.3.1.3 Alternation of Tasks Alternation of tasks may include any one of the following:
1) Change of zone of PATRON surveillance where the QUALIFIED LIFEGUARD must walk or be transported to
another zone of PATRON surveillance.
2) Have a period of at least 10 minutes of non-PATRON surveillance activity such as taking a break,
conducting maintenance, or conducting ride dispatch.
6.3.3.1.4 Supervision Protocols When QUALIFIED LIFEGUARDS are used, the staffing plan shall
include lifeguard supervision protocols to achieve the requirements of MAHC 6.3.3.
6.3.3.2A Emergency Action Plan EAPS and operating procedures shall include but not be limited to:
1) Outline types of emergencies and IMMINENT HEALTH HAZARDS, as per MAHC 6.6.3;
2) Outline the methods of communication between responders, emergency services, and PATRONS;
3) Identify each anticipated responder;
4) Outline the tasks of each responder;
5) Identify required equipment for each task; and
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6) Emergency closure requirements.
6.3.3.2.1A Coordination of Response When one or more QUALIFIED LIFEGUARDS are used, the
SAFETY PLAN and the EAP shall identify the best means to provide additional persons to rapidly respond to
the emergency to help the initial rescuer.
6.3.3.3 Pre-Service Requirements The Pre-Service Plan shall include:
1) Policies and procedure training specific to the AQUATIC FACILITY,
2) Demonstration of SAFETY TEAM skills specific to the AQUATIC FACILITY prior to assuming on-duty
lifeguard responsibilities, and
3) Documentation of training.
6.3.3.3.1A Safety Team EAP Training Prior to active duty, all members of the SAFETY TEAM
shall be trained on, and receive a copy of, and/or have a copy posted and always available of the specific
policies and procedures for the following:
1) Staffing plan;
2) EAP;
3) Emergency closure; and
4) Fecal, vomit, or blood contamination on surfaces and in the water as outlined in MAHC 6.5.
6.3.3.3.2A Safety Team Skills Proficiency Prior to active duty, all members of the SAFETY TEAM
shall demonstrate knowledge and skill competency specific to the AQUATIC FACILITY for the following
criteria:
1) Understand their responsibilities and of others on the AQUATIC FACILITY SAFETY TEAM,
2) Ability to execute the EAP,
3) Know what conditions require closure of the facility, and
4) Know what actions to take in response to a fecal, vomit, or blood contamination on a surface and in the
water as outlined in MAHC 6.5.
6.3.3.3.3A Qualified Lifeguard Emergency Action Plan Training When QUALIFIED
LIFEGUARDS are used, they shall be trained on the EAP and receive a copy of or have a copy of the EAP
posted and always available at the AQUATIC FACILITY, specifically including policies and procedures for the
following:
1) Zone of PATRON surveillance plan,
2) Rotation plan,
3) Minimum staffing plan, and
4) Rescue / first aid response plan.
6.3.3.3.4A Qualified Lifeguard Skills Proficiency When QUALIFIED LIFEGUARDS are used, they
shall demonstrate knowledge and skill competency specific to the AQUATIC FACILITY for the following
criteria:
1) Ability to reach the bottom at the maximum water depth of the AQUATIC VENUE to be assigned;
2) Ability to identify all zones of BATHER surveillance responsibility to which they could be assigned;
3) Ability to recognize a victim in their assigned zone of BATHER surveillance;
4) Ability to reach the furthest edge of assigned zones of BATHER surveillance within 20 seconds;
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5) Water rescue skills outlined in MAHC 6.2.1.1.2;
6) CPR/AED and first aid;
7) Ability to execute EAP;
8) Emergency closure issues; and
9) Fecal, vomit, or blood contamination incident response as outlined in MAHC 6.5.
6.3.3.3.5 CPR / AED and First Aid Certificate The designated person(s) with CPR/AED and
first aid training shall present unexpired certificate(s) as per MAHC 6.2.1.1.3 and 6.2.1.1.4 prior to active
duty.
6.3.3.3.5.1 Copies Maintained Originals or copies of certificates shall be maintained at the
AQUATIC FACILITY and be available for inspection.
6.3.4.4.2.1 Lifeguard Supervisor Duties LIFEGUARD SUPERVISOR duties shall not interfere with
the primary duty of PATRON surveillance.
6.3.4.4.3 Lifeguard Supervisor LIFEGUARD SUPERVISOR responsibilities shall include but not be
limited to:
1) MONITOR performance of QUALIFIED LIFEGUARDS in their zone of BATHER surveillance responsibility,
2) Make sure the rotation is conducted in accordance with the SAFETY PLAN,
3) Coordinate staff response and BATHER care during an emergency,
4) Identify health and SAFETY hazards and communicate to staff and management to mitigate or otherwise
avoid the hazard, and
5) Make sure the required equipment per MAHC 5.8.5 is in place and in good condition.
6.3.4.5 Emergency Response and Communications Plans
6.3.4.5.1A Emergency Response and Communication Plan AQUATIC FACILITIES shall create
and maintain an operating procedure manual containing information on the emergency response and
communications plan including an EAP, Facility Evacuation Plan, and Inclement Weather Plan.
6.3.4.5.2 Emergency Action Plan A written EAP shall be developed, maintained, and updated as
necessary for the AQUATIC FACILITY.
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6.3.4.5.3 Annual Review and Update The EAP shall be reviewed with the AQUATIC FACILITY
staff and management annually or more frequently as required when changes occur with the dates of the
review recorded in the EAP.
6.3.4.5.4 Available for Inspection The written EAP shall be kept at the AQUATIC FACILITY and
available for emergency personnel and/or AHJ upon request.
6.3.4.5.5A Training Documentation Documentation from employees trained in current EAP shall
be available upon request.
6.3.4.5.6 Components The EAP shall include at a minimum:
1) A diagram of the AQUATIC FACILITY;
2) A list of emergency telephone numbers;
3) The location of first aid kit and other rescue equipment (BVM, AED, if provided, backboard, etc.);
4) An emergency response plan for accidental chemical release; and
5) A fecal/vomit/blood CONTAMINATION RESPONSE PLANS as outlined in MAHC 6.5.1.
6.3.4.5.6.1 Accidental Chemical Release Plan The accidental chemical release plan shall
include procedures for:
1) How to determine when professional hazardous materials (HAZMAT) response is needed,
2) How to obtain it,
3) Response and cleanup,
4) Provision for training staff in these procedures, and
5) A list of equipment and supplies for cleanup.
6.3.4.5.6.2 Remediation Supplies The availability of equipment and supplies for remediation
procedures shall be verified by the operator at least weekly.
6.3.4.5.7 Facility Evacuation Plan A written Facility Evacuation Plan shall be developed and
maintained for the facility.
6.3.4.5.7.1 Evacuation Plan Components This plan shall include at a minimum:
1) Actions to be taken in cases of drowning, serious illness or injury, chemical handling accidents, weather
emergencies, and other serious incidents; and
2) Defined roles and responsibilities for all staff.
6.3.4.5.8 A Communication Plan A communication plan shall exist to facilitate activation of
internal emergency response centers and/or community 911/EMS as necessary.
6.3.4.5.8.1 Communication Plan Components At a minimum, this plan shall include:
1) Provision and use of readily accessible, appropriate communication devices such as telephones, call
boxes, and mobile devices;
2) Signage;
3) Procedures to be followed during staffed and unstaffed time periods;
4) Acceptable alternative communication during loss of power; and
5) Training of all personnel.
6.3.4.5.8.2A Notification Procedures The communication plan shall include a plan for
notification to federal or tribal; state or territorial; and local agencies in case of a chemical spill that exceeds
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the EPA reportable quantity.
6.3.4.5.9A Inclement Weather Plan AQUATIC FACILITIES shall have a contingency/response plan
for localized weather events that may affect their operation (i.e., lightning, hurricanes, tornados, high winds,
etc.).
6.3.4.5.9.1 Contingency Plan Contingency plans shall include training for employees,
evacuation procedures, and determining when it is acceptable to reopen a facility for operation.
6.3.4.6A Remote Monitoring Systems
6.3.4.6.1A Lifeguard-Based Lifeguard-based remote SAFETY MONITORING systems shall not
replace the need for QUALIFIED LIFEGUARDS.
6.3.4.6.1.1 No Substitute Remote SAFETY MONITORING systems may be used to aid the
operation but not as a substitute for QUALIFIED LIFEGUARDS/SLIDE operators when critical areas such as blind
spots in an AQUATIC VENUE or area of a SLIDE cannot be viewed by QUALIFIED LIFEGUARDS/SLIDE operators.
6.3.4.6.2A Operator-Based QUALIFIED OPERATOR-based remote water quality MONITORING
systems shall not be a substitute for manual water quality testing of the AQUATIC VENUE.
6.3.4.6.3 Training When QUALIFIED LIFEGUARD- or QUALIFIED OPERATOR-based remote
MONITORING systems are used, AQUATIC FACILITY staff shall be trained on their use, limitations, and
communication and response protocols for communications with the MONITORING group.
6.3.4.7A Employee Illness and Injury Policy
6.3.4.7.1 Illness Policy Supervisors shall not permit employees who are ill with diarrhea to enter
the water or perform in a QUALIFIED LIFEGUARD role.
6.3.4.7.2 Open Wounds Supervisors shall permit employees with open wounds in the water or in
a QUALIFIED LIFEGUARD role only if they have healthcare provider approval or wear a waterproof, occlusive
bandage to cover the wound.
12) Doors to nonpublic areas (CHEMICAL STORAGE SPACES, offices, etc.) are locked;
13) First aid supplies are stocked;
14) Emergency communication equipment and systems are operational;
15) Fecal/vomit/blood incident CONTAMINATION RESPONSE PLANS, materials, and equipment are available;
16) Water features and amenities are functioning in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations;
17) Fencing/ENCLOSURES, gates, and self-latching or other locks are tested and are intact and functioning
properly, and ENCLOSURES do not have nearby furniture to encourage climbing;
18) Drinking fountains are clean and in functional condition;
19) Electrical devices are in good working condition and meet the requirements specified in the MAHC;
20) Alarms, if required, are tested and functioning properly; and
21) Assessing water clarity such that the bottom and objects in the POOL are clearly visible.
6.4.1.3.2 Other Inspection Items The QUALIFIED OPERATOR or RESPONSIBLE SUPERVISOR shall
ensure that the AQUATIC FACILITY preventive maintenance inspections shall also include:
1) Monthly tests of GFCI devices and
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2) Visual inspections of bonding conductors, where accessible, every 6 months or whenever disrupted or
impacted by site construction or other related events.
6.4.1.4A Illness and Injury Incident Reports
6.4.1.4.1 Incidents to Record The owner/operator shall ensure that a record is made of all
injuries and illness incidents at the AQUATIC FACILITY which:
1) Result in death;
2) Require resuscitation, CPR, oxygen, or AED use to be initiated;
3) Require transportation or treatment of a PATRON to a medical facility; or
4) Results in a PATRON being diagnosed with a RWI.
6.4.1.4.2 Info to Include Illness and injury incident report information shall include
1) Date,
2) Time,
3) Location,
4) Incident including type of illness or injury and cause or mechanism,
5) Names and addresses of the individuals involved,
6) Actions taken,
7) Equipment used, and
8) Outcome of the incident.
6.4.1.4.3A Notify the AHJ In addition to making such records, the owner/operator shall ensure that
the AHJ is notified within 24 hours of the occurrence of an incident recorded in MAHC 6.4.1.4.1.
6.4.1.4.4A Lifeguard Rescue Records The owner/operator shall also record all lifeguard rescues
where the QUALIFIED LIFEGUARD enters the water and activates the aquatic EAP.
6.4.1.4.4.1 Info to Include These records shall include the date, time, QUALIFIED LIFEGUARD,
and PATRON names and reason the rescue was needed.
6.4.1.5 Chemical Inventory Log A chemical inventory log shall be maintained onsite to provide a
list of chemicals used in the AQUATIC VENUE water and surrounding DECK that could result in water quality
issues, chemical interactions, or PATRON exposure.
6.4.1.5.1 Expiration Dates These records shall include the expiration date for water quality
chemical testing reagents.
6.4.1.6A Daily Water Monitoring and Testing Records Daily, or as often as required,
MONITORING and testing records shall include, but are not limited to the following:
1) pH;
2) Disinfectant residuals;
3) COMBINED CHLORINE concentrations;
4) Operating pressures of water recirculation pumps and filters or the corresponding flow rate from flow
meter readings;
5) CYA levels, if used;
6) Maintenance and malfunctioning of equipment, including dates and time of all equipment calibration
including WQTDs;
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7) Dates of challenge testing of the chemical feeder interlock system as outlined in MAHC 5.7.3.5.1.4.1;
8) If heated, AQUATIC VENUE water temperature;
9) The time of filter backwash or cleaning;
10) Calcium hardness;
11) Total alkalinity;
12) Saturation index;
13) Microbiological testing, if applicable, dates/times samples were taken and results;
14) Any equipment failure, power outage, or error resulting in the interruption of the circulation, filtration, or
DISINFECTION systems for more than 1 hour;
15) The daily attendance at the AQUATIC FACILITY. In POOLS where attendance is not ordinarily recorded, a
guest sign in book can be used to track attendance; and
16) SECONDARY TREATMENT as outlined in MAHC 5.7.3.7.7 and 5.7.3.7.8.
6.4.1.7 Staff Certifications on File The originals or copies of all required QUALIFIED LIFEGUARD,
LIFEGUARD SUPERVISOR, or QUALIFIED OPERATOR certificates shall be maintained at the AQUATIC FACILITY
and made available to AHJ, staff, and PATRONS upon request.
6.4.1.7.1 Multiple Facilities A copy of the original certificate shall be made available when
employees work at multiple AQUATIC FACILITIES.
6.4.1.8A Bodily Fluids Remediation Log
6.4.1.8.1A Contamination Incidents A Body Fluid Contamination Response Log shall be
maintained to document each occurrence of contamination of the water or its immediately adjacent areas by
formed or diarrheal fecal material, whole stomach discharge of vomit, and blood.
6.4.1.8.2 Standard Operating Procedures The AQUATIC FACILITY’S STANDARD operating
procedures for responding to these contamination incidents shall be readily available for review by the AHJ.
6.4.1.8.3 Required Information The log shall include the following information recorded at the
time of the incident:
1) Person conducting response;
2) Qualified operator or onsite responsible supervisor on duty;
3) Date and time of incident response;
4) Specific area, if not in the water, contaminated by incident;
5) BATHER COUNT or reasonable approximation of the number of BATHERS in the AQUATIC VENUE at the
time of incident (if applicable);
6) Type and form of body fluid observed (for example, diarrheal or formed stool, vomit, or blood);
7) Date and time when the area was closed;
8) Whether the POOL uses CHLORINE stabilizer and concentration at time of incident;
9) Residual disinfectant (e.g., DPD-FC) concentration and pH at the time of incident;
10) Remediation procedures used after the incident including contact time, if applicable;
11) Residual disinfectant (e.g., DPD-FC) concentration and pH at the time of reopening the AQUATIC VENUE
to the public;
12) Stabilizer concentration, if used, at the time of reopening; and
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13) Date and time of reopening.
6.4.2 Patron-Related Management Aspects
6.4.2.1 Bather Count
6.4.2.1.1A User Guidance AQUATIC FACILITIES shall have a plan in place to address fluctuations in
BATHER occupancy to ensure proper maintenance and staffing.
6.4.2.1.2 Maximum Occupancy Such plans shall not exceed the maximum designed
THEORETICAL PEAK OCCUPANCY for the individual AQUATIC VENUES or the AQUATIC FACILITY.
6.4.2.2A Signage
6.4.2.2.1 Facility Rules The operator shall post and enforce the AQUATIC FACILITY rules
governing health, SAFETY, and sanitation.
6.4.2.2.2 Lettering The lettering shall be legible and at least 1 inch (25.4 mm or 3- point type)
high, with a contrasting background.
6.4.2.2.3A Sign Messages Signage shall be placed in a conspicuous place at the entrance of the
AQUATIC FACILITY communicating expected and prohibited behaviors and other information using text that
complies with the intent of the following information:
1) In case of an emergency, dial 911 or other emergency instructions, per MAHC 6.3.4.5.8;
2) Hours of operation;
3) Theoretical peak occupancy;
4) Pollution of AQUATIC VENUE prohibited;
5) Do not swim if you have open wounds;
6) Do not swim if you are ill with diarrhea or have had diarrhea within the past 2 weeks;
7) SHOWER before entering the water;
8) No glass items in the AQUATIC VENUE or on the DECK;
9) Do not swallow or spit water;
10) Diaper changing on the DECK is prohibited;
11) No Diving, as applicable per MAHC 5.5.5;
12) Intentional hyperventilation or extended breath holding activities are dangerous and prohibited;
13) No animals in the AQUATIC VENUE and no animals on the DECK, except service animals, if applicable;
14) No rough play; and
15) Children must be supervised by a responsible adult (parent or caregiver) up to the minimum age
established by the AQUATIC FACILITY.
6.4.2.2.3.1 Aquatic Facilities with Onsite Emergency Personnel MAHC 6.4.2.2.3 signage
requirement number 1 may be amended to include onsite emergency staff contact information if emergency
trained personnel are onsite so that the response would be faster than calling 911.
6.4.2.2.3.2 Diving Well AQUATIC FACILITIES with diving wells may amend signage requirement
number 11 to read that diving is not allowed in all AQUATIC VENUES except for the diving well.
6.4.2.2.3.3 Posters Recreational water illness prevention posters shall be posted conspicuously
in the AQUATIC FACILITY at all times.
6.4.2.2.3.4 Unstaffed Aquatic Facilities without Lifeguards In addition to signage messages 1
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through 13, unstaffed AQUATIC FACILITIES shall also include signage messages covering:
1) No Lifeguard on Duty: Children under the age of 14 years must have direct supervision by a person aged
18 years or older and
2) Hours of operation: AQUATIC FACILITY use prohibited at any other time.
6.4.2.2.3.4.1 Posters In AQUATIC FACILITIES not requiring lifeguards, CPR posters
reflecting the latest STANDARDS shall be posted conspicuously at all times.
6.4.2.2.3.5 Multiple Aquatic Venues For AQUATIC FACILITIES with multiple AQUATIC VENUES,
MAHC 6.4.2.2.3 signage item numbers 3 and, if applicable, number 11, or text complying with the intent of
the information, shall be posted at the entrance to each AQUATIC VENUE except such posting is not required at
WATERSLIDES.
6.4.2.2.3.6 Movable Bottom Floor Signage In addition to the MAHC 6.4.2.2.3 requirements,
AQUATIC VENUES with moveable bottom floors shall also have the following information or text complying
with the intent of the following information:
1) A sign for AQUATIC VENUE water depth in use shall be provided and clearly visible;
2) A "NO DIVING" sign shall be provided; and
3) The floor is movable and AQUATIC VENUE depth varies.
6.4.2.2.3.7A Spa Signs In addition to the MAHC 6.4.2.2.3 requirements, SPAS shall also have the
following information or text complying with the intent of the following information:
1) Maximum water temperature is 104° F (40°C);
2) Children under age 5 and people using alcohol or drugs that cause drowsiness shall not use SPAS;
3) Pregnant women and people with heart disease, high blood pressure or other health problems should not
use SPAS without prior consultation with a healthcare provider;
4) Children under 14 years of age shall be supervised by an adult; and
5) Use of the SPA when alone is prohibited (if no lifeguards onsite).
6.4.2.2.4 Hygiene Facility Signage Signage shall be posted at the HYGIENE FACILITY exit used
to access AQUATIC VENUES stating or containing information, or text complying with the intent of the
following information:
1) Do not swim when ill with diarrhea;
2) Do not swim with open wounds and sores;
3) SHOWER before entering the water;
4) Check your child’s swim diapers/rubber pants regularly;
5) Diaper changing on the DECK is prohibited;
6) Do not poop or pee in the water;
7) Do not swallow or spit water; and
8) Wash hands before returning to the POOL.
6.4.2.2.5A Diaper-Changing Station Signage Signage shall be posted at DIAPER-CHANGING
STATIONS stating or containing information, or text complying with the intent of the following information:
1) Dispose of used disposable diapers in the diaper bucket or receptacle provided;
2) Dump contents from reusable diapers into toilets and bag diapers to take home;
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3) Use the materials provided to clean/SANITIZE the surface of the DIAPER-CHANGING STATION before and
after each use;
4) Wash your hands and your child’s hands after diapering; and
5) Do not swim if ill with diarrhea.
6.4.2.3 Swimmer Empowerment Methods
6.4.2.3.1A Public Information and Health Messaging The owner/operator shall ensure that a
public information and health messaging program to inform INDOOR AQUATIC FACILITY PATRONS of their
impact on INDOOR AQUATIC FACILITY air quality is developed and implemented.
6.4.2.3.2A Post Inspection Results The results of the most recent AHJ inspection of the AQUATIC
FACILITY shall be posted at the AQUATIC FACILITY in a location conspicuous to the public.
1) Failure to provide supervision and staffing of the AQUATIC FACILITY as prescribed in MAHC 6.3.4.1;
2) Failure to provide the minimum disinfectant residual concentrations listed in MAHC 5.7.3.1;
3) AQUATIC VENUES using CHLORINE STABILIZERS where the CYA:DPD-FC ratio exceeds 45:1
4) pH below 6.5;
5) pH above 8.0;
6) Failure to continuously operate the AQUATIC VENUE filtration and DISINFECTION equipment;
7) Use of an unapproved or contaminated water supply source for potable water use;
8) Unprotected overhead electrical wires within 20 feet horizontally of the AQUATIC VENUE;
9) Non GFCI protected electrical receptacles within 20 feet of the inside wall of the AQUATIC VENUE;
10) Failure to maintain an emergency lighting source;
11) Absence of all required lifesaving equipment on DECK;
12) AQUATIC VENUE bottom not visible;
13) Total absence of or improper depth markings at an AQUATIC VENUE;
14) Plumbing CROSS-CONNECTIONS between the drinking water supply and AQUATIC VENUE water or
between sewage system and the AQUATIC VENUE including filter backwash facilities;
15) Failure to provide and maintain an ENCLOSURE to prevent unauthorized access to the AQUATIC FACILITY
or AQUATIC VENUE when required;
16) Use of unapproved chemicals or the application of chemicals by unapproved methods to the AQUATIC
VENUE water;
17) Broken, unsecured, or missing main drain grate or any submerged suction outlet grate in the AQUATIC
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VENUE;
6.6.4 Enforcement
6.6.4.1 Placarding of Pool Where an IMMINENT HEALTH HAZARD is found and remains uncorrected,
the AQUATIC VENUE shall be placarded to prohibit use until the hazard is corrected in order to protect the
public health or SAFETY of BATHERS.
6.6.4.2 Placard Location When a placard is used, it shall be conspicuously posted at each entrance
leading to the AQUATIC VENUE.
6.6.4.2.1 State Authority When placed by the AHJ, the placard shall state the authority
responsible for its placement.
6.6.4.2.2 Tampering with Placard When placed by the AHJ, the placard shall indicate that
concealment, mutilation, alteration, or removal of it by any person without permission of the AHJ shall
constitute a violation of this CODE.
6.6.4.3 Operator Follow-up Within 15 days of the AHJ placarding an AQUATIC FACILITY, the
operator of such AQUATIC FACILITY shall be provided with an opportunity to be heard and present proof that
continued operation of the facility does not constitute a danger to the public health.
6.6.4.3.1 Correction of Violation If the IMMINENT HEALTH HAZARD(S) have been corrected, the
operator may contact the AHJ prior to the hearing and request a follow-up inspection.
6.6.4.3.2 Hearing The hearing shall be conducted by the AHJ.
6.6.4.4 Follow-up Inspection The AHJ shall inspect the premises within two working days of
notification that the hazard has been eliminated to remove the placards after verifying correction.
6.6.4.4.1 Other Evidence of Correction The AHJ may accept other evidence of correction of
the hazard in lieu of inspecting the premises.
6.6.5A Enforcement Penalties
6.6.5.1 Liability and Jurisdiction It shall be a violation for any person to fail to comply with any of
the regulations promulgated pursuant to this CODE and as adopted by the AHJ.
6.6.5.1.1 Failure to Comply Any person who fails to comply with any such regulation shall be in
violation of this CODE.
6.6.5.1.2 Civil Penalty For each such offense, violators shall be liable for a potential civil penalty.
6.6.5.2 Continued Violation Each day, or any part thereof, during which a willful violation of this
CODE exists or persists shall constitute a separate violation of this CODE.
6.6.5.3 Falsified Documents Falsifying or presenting to the AHJ falsified documentation and or
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certificates shall be a civil violation as specified by the AHJ.
6.6.5.4 Enforcement Process Upon determining that one or more violations of this CODE exists, the
AHJ shall cause a written notice of the violation or violations to be delivered to the owner or operator of the
AQUATIC FACILITY that is in violation of this CODE.
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Note: Section numbers with superscript “A” (e.g., 7.0A) denote a corresponding discussion in the Annex to the
Model Aquatic Health Code.
7.1.1.2.3 Approved Plans No person shall begin to construct a new FLOATATION TANK facility or
shall substantially alter an existing FLOATATION TANK facility without first having the construction plans
detailing the construction or SUBSTANTIAL ALTERATION submitted to and approved by the AHJ.
7.1.1.2.4 Plan Preparation All plans shall be prepared by a DESIGN PROFESSIONAL who is
registered or licensed to practice their respective design profession as defined by the local, state, territorial,
federal, and tribal laws governing professional practice within the jurisdiction in which the project is to be
constructed.
7.1.1.2.5 Required Statements All construction plans shall include the following statements:
1) “The proposed floatation tank facility and all equipment shall be constructed and installed in conformity
with the approved plans and specifications or approved amendments;” and
2) “No substantial alteration, changes, additions, or equipment not specified in the approved plans or
allowed in the CODE can be made or added until the plans for such substantial alteration, changes,
additions, or equipment are submitted to and approved by the AHJ.”
7.1.1.3 Content of Design Report
7.1.1.3.1 Names / Addresses FLOATATION TANK facility plans shall include the name, address,
and contact information for the owner, designer, and builder if available at the time of submission.
7.1.1.4 Plans and Specifications
7.1.1.4.1 Drawings Detailed scaled and dimensional drawings for each individual FLOATATION
TANK shall include an area plan and layout plan along with dimensioned longitudinal and transverse cross
sections of the FLOATATION TANK.
7.1.1.4.2 Operating Conditions The design documents shall include a record of operating
conditions (FLOATATION TANK SOLUTION temperature(s), space temperature, space relative humidity, space
dew point) accepted by both the design engineer and owner/operator.
7.1.1.4.3 Floatation Tank Attributes Detailed scaled and dimensional drawings for each
individual FLOATATION TANK shall include location and type of:
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1) Inlets;
2) Overflows;
3) Drains;
4) Suction outlets;
5) Overflow gutters or devices;
6) Piping;
7) Designed water elevation;
8) Features, such as ladders and stairs;
9) Lighting;
10) Markings; and
11) Surface materials.
7.1.1.4.4 Area Design Detailed scaled and dimensional drawings of the FLOATATION TANK
facility and for each individual FLOATATION TANK, as appropriate, shall include location and type of:
1) Design of floors and walls enclosing the FLOATATION TANK,
2) Floor drains,
3) SLIP-RESISTANT flooring,
4) FLOATATION TANK room area finishes,
5) Drinking fountains or other sources of drinking water,
6) Entries and exits,
7) Hose bibs, and
8) Area lighting.
7.1.1.4.5 Floatation Tank Recirculation and Treatment Design Detailed scaled and
dimensional drawings for each individual FLOATATION TANK shall contain a flow diagram showing the
location, plan, elevation, and schematics of:
1) Filters;
2) Pumps;
3) Disinfection systems;
4) SUPPLEMENTAL TREATMENT systems, if installed;
5) Ventilation devices or AIR HANDLING SYSTEMS;
6) Heaters;
7) BACKFLOW prevention assemblies and air gaps;
8) Valves;
9) Piping;
10) Flow meters;
11) Gauges;
12) Thermometers;
2023 MAHC CODE 7.0 Special Venues 190
13) Test cocks;
14) Sight glasses; and
15) Drainage system for the disposal of FLOATATION TANK water and filter wastewater.
7.1.1.4.6 Equipment Room Design Detailed scaled and dimensional drawings for each
individual FLOATATION TANK shall contain a schematic layout of the FLOATATION TANK EQUIPMENT ROOM
(or EQUIPMENT ROOM OR AREA if permitted by the AHJ) showing accessibility for installation and
maintenance.
7.1.1.4.7 Chemical Storage Space Design Detailed scaled and dimensional drawings for each
individual FLOATATION TANK shall contain a schematic layout of the FLOATATION TANK facility CHEMICAL
STORAGE SPACE(S).
7.1.1.4.8 Hygiene Facility Design Detailed scaled and dimensional drawings for each
FLOATATION TANK facility shall show the location and number of all available HYGIENE FACILITIES provided
including dressing rooms, lockers, SHOWERS, lavatory, and toilet FIXTURES.
7.1.1.4.9 Plan Approval
7.1.1.4.9.1 New Construction
7.1.1.4.9.1.1 Approval Limitations The AHJ shall clearly state on the plans the
limitations of their approval.
7.1.1.4.9.1.2 Other Approvals The approval shall also state that it is independent of all
other required approvals such as Building, Zoning, Fire, Electrical, Structural, and any other approvals as
required by local, state, territorial, federal, and tribal laws and the applicant must separately obtain all other
required approvals and permits.
7.1.1.4.9.1.3 Plan Review Coordination The AHJ shall coordinate their FLOATATION
TANK plan review and communicate their approval with other agencies involved in the FLOATATION TANK
facility construction.
7.1.1.4.9.1.4 Plan Review Report The AHJ shall provide a plan submission compliance
review list to the FLOATATION TANK facility owner with the following information:
1) Categorical items marked satisfactory, unsatisfactory, not applicable, or insufficient information;
2) A comment section keyed to the compliance review list shall detail unsatisfactory and insufficient;
3) Indication of the AHJ approval or disapproval of the AQUATIC FACILITY construction plans;
4) In the case of a disapproval, specific reasons for disapproval and procedure for resubmittal; and
5) Reviewer’s name, signature, and date of review.
7.1.1.4.9.1.5 Plans Maintained The FLOATATION TANK facility owner shall maintain at
least one set of their own approved plans made available to AHJ onsite for as long as the FLOATATION TANK
facility is in operation.
7.1.1.4.9.2 Non-Substantial Alterations
7.1.1.4.9.2.1 Alteration Review The FLOATATION TANK facility owner planning a NON-
SUBSTANTIAL ALTERATION shall contact the AHJ to review proposed changes prior to starting the NON-
SUBSTANTIAL ALTERATION.
7.1.1.4.9.2.2 Alteration Scope The FLOATATION TANK facility operator shall consult with
the AHJ to determine if new or modified plans must be submitted for plan review and approval for other NON-
SUBSTANTIAL ALTERATIONS proposed.
7.1.1.4.9.3 Replacements
7.1.1.4.9.3.1 Replacement Approval Prior to replacing equipment, the FLOATATION
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TANK facility owner shall submit technical verification to the AHJ that all replacement equipment is equal to
that which was originally approved and installed.
7.1.1.4.9.3.2 Replacement Equipment Equivalency The replacement of pumps, filters,
feeders, controllers, SKIMMERS, flow-meters, valves, or other similar equipment with identical or substantially
similar equipment may be done without submission to the AHJ for approval of new or altered AQUATIC
FACILITY plans.
7.2.8.1.1 Turnovers Between Users For systems disinfected with Ozone or UV systems, a
minimum of three volumetric TURNOVERS between users; or
7.2.8.2 Treatment Where FLOATATION TANK systems with external holding reservoirs are used to
hold the FLOATATION TANK SOLUTION between PATRON use, all of the FLOATATION TANK SOLUTION must
pass through the filtration and DISINFECTION systems before being returned to the FLOATATION TANK.
7.2.8.3 Controller The FLOATATION TANK system controller shall have the minimum length of
filtration/DISINFECTION time to achieve three volumetric TURNOVERS built into the controller as a default.
7.2.8.3.1 Turnovers If the FLOATATION TANK controller does not have the capability of setting a
default filtration time, the minimum filtration/DISINFECTION time required to achieve three volumetric
TURNOVERS shall be posted adjacent to the controller.
7.2.9 Disinfection
7.2.9.1 3-log Inactivation Ozone and UV systems shall be operated and maintained to achieve the
required design performance for a 3-log inactivation as specified in MAHC 7.1.8.2.
7.2.9.2 Operation Ozone and UV systems shall be operated and maintained in accordance with
manufacturer’s instructions.
7.2.9.3 Ozone Concentration Ozone DISINFECTION systems shall be operated and maintained so as
to meet the ozone concentration output and not exceed the limits of off-gassed ozone in accordance with
MAHC 7.1.8.3.
7.2.9.4 UV calibrated sensors
1) When UV is used, the UV sensors shall be calibrated at a frequency in accordance with manufacturer
recommendations.
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2) Records of calibration shall be maintained by the facility and available for review by the AHJ.
7.2.10 USP Grade Magnesium Sulfate Only USP grade magnesium sulfate shall be used in the
FLOATATION TANK SOLUTION.
7.2.11.3 Mold and Mildew HYGIENE FACILITY floors, walls, and ceilings shall be kept clean and free
of visible mold and mildew.
7.2.11.4 Hand Wash Station HANDWASHING STATIONS shall include the following items:
1) Hand wash sink,
2) Adjacent soap with dispenser,
3) Hand drying device or paper towels and dispenser, and
4) Trash receptacle.
7.2.12A Cleaning
7.2.12.1 Daily Cleaning FLOATATION TANK interior surfaces at the waterline shall be scrubbed or
wiped down on a daily basis to prevent build-up of slime and biofilm layers.
7.2.12.2 Weekly Cleaning FLOATATION TANK interior surfaces shall be scrubbed or wiped down on a
weekly basis to prevent build-up of slime and biofilm layers.
7.2.12.3 Draining FLOATATION TANKS shall be drained and all interior surfaces shall be scrubbed or
wiped down prior to refilling at a frequency necessary to prevent build-up of slime and biofilm layers.
7.2.13A Fecal/Vomit/Blood Contamination Response
7.2.13.1 Contamination Response Plan All AQUATIC FACILITIES with FLOATATION TANKS shall
have a CONTAMINATION RESPONSE PLAN as specified in MAHC 6.5.1.
7.2.13.2 Floatation Tank Solution Contamination Response
7.2.13.2.1 Closure In the event of fecal or vomit contamination in a FLOATATION TANK, the
AQUATIC FACILITY QUALIFIED OPERATOR shall immediately close the FLOATATION TANK to users until
remediation procedures are complete.
7.2.13.2.2 Physical Removal Contaminating material shall be removed in accordance with MAHC
6.5.2.2.
7.2.13.3 Floatation Tank Solution Contamination Disinfection
7.2.13.3.1 Formed-Stool Contamination The filtration and DISINFECTION systems for formed-
stool contaminated FLOATATION TANK SOLUTION shall be operated for the minimum volumetric TURNOVERS
specified in MAHC 7.2.9.
7.2.13.3.2 Diarrheal-Stool Contamination Diarrheal-stool contaminated float water shall be
completely drained and the contaminated FLOATATION TANK surfaces disinfected prior to refilling.
7.2.13.3.3 Vomit-Contamination Vomit-contaminated FLOATATION TANK SOLUTION shall be
completely drained and the contaminated FLOATATION TANK surfaces disinfected prior to refilling.
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7.2.13.3.4 Blood-Contamination The filtration and DISINFECTION systems for blood-
contaminated FLOATATION TANK SOLUTION shall be operated for the minimum volumetric TURNOVERS
specified in MAHC 7.2.9.
7.2.14 Operations
7.2.14.1 Operations Manual
7.2.14.1.1 Develop Each FLOATATION TANK facility shall develop an operations manual to keep at
the FLOATATION TANK facility in both printed and electronic formats.
7.2.14.1.2 Include The manual shall at minimum include, but not be limited to the following items:
1) FLOATATION TANK description(s) and locations,
2) Facility communication,
3) List of chemicals and system information,
4) Fecal/vomit/blood CONTAMINATION RESPONSE PLANS,
5) Preventive maintenance plan, and
6) Any other STANDARD operation and maintenance policies and instructions or applicable information for
each FLOATATION TANK at the facility.
7.2.14.2 Operation Records FLOATATION TANK facilities shall keep records pertaining to the
operation, maintenance, and management of the FLOATATION TANK facility on a minimum schedule as
prescribed under MAHC 7.2.15.3.
7.2.14.2.1 Records FLOATATION TANK facility records shall be:
1) Kept for a minimum of 3 years, and
2) Available upon request by the AHJ.
7.2.14.2.2 Additional Documentation Applicable local, state, territorial, federal, and tribal laws
may require additional records, documentation, and forms.
7.2.15.3 Safety and Maintenance Inspection and Recordkeeping The QUALIFIED OPERATOR or
RESPONSIBLE SUPERVISOR shall ensure that SAFETY and preventive maintenance inspections are done at the
FLOATATION TANK facility during seasons or periods when the FLOATATION TANK facility is open and that the
results are recorded in a log or form maintained at the FLOATATION TANK facility.
7.2.14.3.1 Daily Inspection Items The QUALIFIED OPERATOR or RESPONSIBLE SUPERVISOR shall
ensure that a daily FLOATATION TANK facility preventive maintenance inspection is done before opening and
that it shall include:
1) Drain covers, vacuum fitting covers, SKIMMER equalizer covers, and any other suction outlet covers are in
place, secure, and unbroken;
2) SKIMMER baskets, weirs, lids, flow adjusters, and suction outlets are free of any blockage;
3) INLET and return covers and any other fittings are in place, secure, and unbroken;
4) Safety warning signs and other signage are in place and in good repair;
5) Entrapment prevention systems are operational;
6) Recirculation, DISINFECTION systems, controller(s), and probes are operating as required;
7) Underwater lights and other lighting are intact with no exposed wires or water in lights;
8) Slime and biofilm have been removed from accessible surfaces of FLOATATION TANKS;
9) Doors to nonpublic areas (CHEMICAL STORAGE SPACES, offices, etc.) are locked;
2023 MAHC CODE 7.0 Special Venues 202
10) Fecal/vomit/blood incident CONTAMINATION RESPONSE PLANS, materials, and equipment are available;
11) Electrical devices are in good working condition and meet the requirements specified in the NEC and
MAHC; and
12) Assessing FLOATATION TANK SOLUTION clarity such that the bottom and objects in the FLOATATION
TANK are clearly visible.
7.2.14.3.2 Other Inspection Items The QUALIFIED OPERATOR or RESPONSIBLE SUPERVISOR shall
ensure that the FLOATATION TANK facility preventive maintenance inspections shall also include:
1) Monthly tests of GFCI devices and
2) Inspections every 6 months of bonding conductors, where accessible.
7.2.14.4 Illness and Injury Incident Reports
7.2.14.4.1 Incidents to Record The owner/operator shall ensure that a record is made of all
injuries and illness incidents at the FLOATATION TANK facility which:
1) Results in deaths;
2) Requires resuscitation, CPR, oxygen, or AED use;
3) Requires transportation of the PATRON to a medical facility; or
4) Is a PATRON illness or disease outbreak associated with FLOATATION TANK SOLUTION quality.
7.2.14.4.2 Info to Include Illness and injury incident report information shall include
1) Date,
2) Time,
3) Location,
4) Incident including type of illness or injury and cause or mechanism,
5) Names and addresses of the individuals involved,
6) Actions taken,
7) Equipment used, and
8) Outcome of the incident.
7.2.14.4.3 Notify the AHJ In addition to making such records, the owner/operator shall ensure that
the AHJ is notified within 24 hours of the occurrence of an incident recorded in MAHC 7.2.15.44.
7.2.14.5 Bodily Fluids Remediation Log
7.2.14.5.1 Contamination Incidents A Body Fluid Contamination Response Log shall be
maintained to document each occurrence of contamination of the FLOATATION TANK SOLUTION or its
immediately adjacent areas by formed or diarrheal fecal material, whole stomach discharge of vomit, and
blood.
7.2.14.5.2 Standard Operating Procedures The FLOATATION TANK facility’s STANDARD
operating procedures for responding to these contamination incidents shall be readily available for review by
the AHJ.
7.2.14.5.3 Required Information The log shall include the following information recorded at the
time of the incident:
1) Person conducting response;
2) Qualified operator or onsite responsible supervisor on duty;
2023 MAHC CODE 7.0 Special Venues 203
3) Date and time of incident response;
4) Specific area, if not in the FLOATATION TANK SOLUTION, contaminated by incident;
5) Type and form of body fluid observed (for example, diarrheal or formed stool, vomit, or blood);
6) Date and time when the area was closed;
7) Remediation procedures used after the incident including contact time, if applicable; and
8) Date and time of reopening.
7.2.15 AHJ Inspections
7.2.15.1 Inspection Process
7.2.15.1.1 Inspection Authority The AHJ shall have the right to inspect or investigate the
operation and management of a FLOATATION TANK facility.
7.2.15.1.2 Inspection Scope and Right Upon presenting proper identification, an authorized
employee or agent of the AHJ shall have the right to and be permitted to enter any FLOATATION TANK facility
or FLOATATION TANK area, including the recirculation equipment and piping area, at any reasonable time for
the purpose of inspecting the FLOATATION TANK to do any of the following:
1) Inspect, investigate, or evaluate for compliance with this CODE;
2) Verify compliance with previously written violation orders;
3) Collect samples or specimens;
4) Examine, review, and copy relevant documents and records;
5) Obtain photographic or other evidence needed to enforce this CODE; or
6) Question any person.
7.2.15.1.2.1 Reasonable Time An authorized employee or agent of the AHJ shall not enter a room
containing a FLOATATION TANK while the room or the tank is occupied by a customer.
7.2.15.1.3 Based on Risk A FLOATATION TANK facility’s inspection frequency may be amended
based on a risk of FLOATATION TANK SOLUTION injury and illness.
7.2.15.1.4 Inspection Interference It is a violation of this CODE for a person to interfere with,
deny, or delay an inspection or investigation conducted by the AHJ.
7.2.15.2 Publication of Inspection Forms
7.2.15.2.1 Inspection Form Publication The AHJ may publish or post on the web or other source
the reports of FLOATATION TANK facility inspections.